Sainte Paule
Veuve romaine, disciple de saint Jérôme (✝ 404)
Cette grande dame romaine avait épousé à dix-sept ans un mari qui la rendit heureuse et dont elle eut cinq enfants. Elle souffrit beaucoup quand elle le perdit. Alors elle décida de rejoindre Saint Jérôme en Palestine puisqu'elle l'avait connu à Rome.
Elle distribua son héritage à ses enfants et partit avec une de ses filles, sainte Eustochium, dans l'un des monastères fondés par saint Jérôme à Bethléem.
Elle assura à saint Jérôme deux biens précieux: une grande part de sa fortune pour continuer les travaux du monastère, une grande patience pour calmer ses colères.
À Bethléem de Juda, en 404, sainte Paule, veuve. D’une très noble famille de sénateurs romains, elle renonça au monde, distribua aux pauvres toutes ses richesses et, avec sa fille Eustochium, bienheureuse vierge du Christ, elle se retira auprès de la crèche du Seigneur.
XXVI JANVIER. SAINTE PAULE, VEUVE.
Ambrogio di Baldese, Santa Paola Romana (1395 - 1399), tempera su tavola; Città del Vaticano, Pinacoteca Vaticana
La Légende dorée de Jacques de VORAGINE nouvellement traduite en français avec introduction, notices, NOTES ET RECHERCHES sur les sources par l'Abbé J.-B. M. ROZE, Chanoine Honoraire de la cathédrale d'Amiens. Édouard Rouveyre, Éditeur, 76, Rue de Seine, 76. Paris MDCCCCII
SOURCE : http://www.abbaye-saint-benoit.ch/voragine/tome01/032.htm
Estàtua
de santa Paula a la façana de sant Miquel dels Reis
Also
known as
Paula the Widow
Paulina…
Pauline…
Profile
Member of the Imperial
Roman nobility, married to
senator Toxotius. Mother of
five children including Saint Eustochium and Saint Blaesilla. Widowed at
age 32 in 379,
she devoted her fortune and the rest of her life to spiritual development and
care for the poor.
Friend of Saint Marcella, Saint Epiphanius,
and Saint Paulinus
of Antioch. Friend, spiritual student and supporter of Saint Jerome whom
she met in 382;
he later wrote her
biography. Pilgrim to
the Holy Lands in 385.
She settled in Bethlehem in 396 where
she built churches, a hospice, monastery and convent where
she served as the first abbess.
Born
404 at Bethlehem of
natural causes
buried under
the Church of the Nativity at Nazareth
Additional
Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Catholic
Encyclopedia, by Louis Saltet
Heroines
That Every Child Should Know
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
Sketches
Drawn from the Life of Saint Paula, by the Abbe LaGrange, Vicar-General of
Orleans
books
Our
Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
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Martirologio
Romano, 2001 edición
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MLA
Citation
“Saint Paula of
Rome“. CatholicSaints.Info. 15 May 2020. Web. 26 January 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-paula-of-rome/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-paula-of-rome/
Saint Paula. Line engraving by W. Marshall
St. Paula
Born in Rome,
347; died at Bethlehem,
404. She belonged to one of the first families of Rome.
Left a widow in
379 at the age of 32 she became, through the influence of St. Marcella and her
group, the model of Christian widows.
In 382 took place her decisive meeting with St.
Jerome, who had come to Rome with St.
Epiphanius and Paulinus of Antioch. These two bishops inspired
her with an invincible desire to follow the monastic life in the East. After
their departure from Rome and
at the request of Marcella, Jerome gave readings from Holy
Scripture before the group of patrician women among
whom St. Paula held a position of honour.
Paula was an ardent student. She and her daughter, Eustochium, studied and
mastered Hebrew perfectly. By their studies they aimed not so much to
acquire knowledge,
as a fuller acquaintance with Christian
perfection.
She did not, however,
neglect her domestic duties.
A devoted mother, she married her daughter, Paulina (d. 395), to the senator
Pammachius; Blesilla soon became a widow and
died in 384. Of her two other daughters, Rufina died in 386, and Eustochium
accompanied her mother to the Orient where she died in 419. Her son Toxotius,
at first a pagan,
but baptized in
385, married in 389 Laeta, daughter of the pagan priest Albinus.
Of this marriage was born Paula the Younger, who in 404 rejoined Eustochium in
the East and in 420 closed the eyes of St.
Jerome. These are the names which recur frequently in the letters of St.
Jerome, where they are inseparable from that of Paula.
The death of Blesilla and
that of Pope
Damasus in 384 completely changed the manner of life of Paula
and Jerome.
In September, 385, Paula and Eustochium left Rome to
follow the monastic life in the East. Jerome, who had preceded them thither by
a month, joined them at Antioch. Paula first made in great detail the pilgrimage of
all the famous places of the Holy Land, afterward going to Egypt to
be edified by the virtues of the anchorites and
cenobites, and finally took up her residence at Bethlehem,
as did St.
Jerome. Then began for Paula, Eustochium, and Jerome their definitive
manner of life. The intellectual and
spiritual intercourse among these holy persons,
begun at Rome,
continued and developed. Two monasteries were
founded, one for men, the other for women.
Paula and Eustochium took a larger share in the exegetical labours
of Jerome, and conformed themselves more and more to his direction. An example
of their manner of thinking and writing may be seen in the letter they wrote
from Bethlehem about 386 to Marcella to persuade her to leave Rome and
join them; it is Letter XLVI of the correspondence of Jerome. But God was
not sparing of trials to His servants. Their peace was disturbed by constant
annoyances, first the controversy concerning Origenism which
disturbed their relations with John, Bishop of Jerusalem,
and later Paula's need of money, she having been ruined by her generosity. She
died in the midst of these trials and good works.
The chief and almost the only source of Paula's life is the correspondence of St.
Jerome (P.L., XXII). The Life of St. Paula is in Letter CVIII, which,
though somewhat rhetorical, is a wonderful production. The other letters which
specially concern St. Paula and her family are
XXII, XXX, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVIII, XXXIX, LXVI, CVII.
Sources
LAGRANGE, Histoire
de Sainte Paule (2nd ed., Paris, 1868); Acta SS., Jan., III,
327-37; see also Historia lausiaca, lxxix, in P.G., XXXIV, 1180; ST.
JEROME, De
viris illustribus in P.L., XXIII, 719; UPTON, The House on the
Aventine in Catholic World, LXVII, 633-643.
Saltet,
Louis. "St. Paula." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.
11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 22 Mar.
2015 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11582a.htm>.
Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by Herman F. Holbrook. O Saint
Paula, and all ye holy Virgins and Widows, pray for us.
Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. February 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2020 by Kevin
Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11582a.htm
La Chiesa di Santa Paola Romana, situato nella periferia occidentale della città, nel quartiere Trionfale
Paula of Rome, Widow (RM)
Born in Rome, May 5, 347;
died in Bethlehem, Palestine, on January 24, 404. This noble Roman lady of
learning and mother of saints, lived Christ's message by being able to truly
love that most unlikable crank Saint Jerome. Testimony about the life of Saint
Paula is preserved in the e pistles of Jerome and in his eulogy to her (Epistle
108).
Paula was born into a
patrician, Christian family. She was a descendent of the Scipios and Gracchi.
When she was 15, Paula married the senator Toxotius with whom she had a son and
four daughters. Although it was an arranged marriage, it was a happy one. Paula
and Toxotius thoroughly enjoyed their wealth and position. The happiness this
world offers, however, is ephemeral. Paula learned this lesson when, at age 32
(379 AD), she was widowed.
She loved her husband and
was inconsolable at his loss. She comforted herself with her children
(Blaesilla, Paulina, Eustochium, Rufina, and Toxotius). Even that was not
enough; she grieved terribly until her friend, Saint Marcella, suggested that
she devote herself to God. Finally, Paula took her friend's advice, converted
her heart, and dedicated her life to God.
She gave up earthly
treasures and social activities, slept on sackcloth, ate little, and indulged
in nothing immoderately. Then she proceeded to consecrate her household to an
ascetic way of life together with similar groups of Roman noblewomen, who
resided on the Aventine and Coelian Hills of Rome. These ladies encouraged one
another to live according to the Gospel, studied the Scriptures together
intensely and scientifically to learn the ways of God, and did not wait until
disaster forced the ascetic life upon them; they saw that luxury is out of
place in a Christian.
Paula's life was such a
powerful witness that she inspired her own daughters, Saints Blaesilla and
Eustochium to sainthood. Eustochium was single-hearted for the Lord; she
consecrated herself to a life of virginity, having learned austerity from her
mother and Saint Marcella.
She gave hospitality to
Saint Epiphanius of Salamis and Saint Paulinus of Antioch, when they visited
Rome. Some say that it was through these saints that Paula met Saint Jerome.
When Saint Jerome arrived in Rome in 382, Marcella insisted he should teach
their group Hebrew and exegesis. Young Jerome was very sarcastic, nevertheless,
he became the spiritual director of this evolving Christian community and
provided them with instruction in the Scriptures.
Paula's second daughter
Paulina married a school-friend of Jerome, but her children were stillborn and
she died young--her husband became a monk. (Melania's houses rivalled those
Jerome and Paula founded, but she wouldn't submit to his direction.)
At first Blaesilla
followed in her mother's early elegant footsteps. Blaesilla threw herself so
vehemently into the ascetic life that in 384 she died. Paula was almost crazy
with grief, but Jerome, who received the news in Jerusalem, rebuked her. He
wrote that she had the right to mourn the loss of her husband and daughter;
nevertheless, she ought to realize that they had entered a realm of greater
happiness than this world can offer. To assuage her sorrow, Jerome promised to
glorify Blaesilla by writing about her.
Paula determined to enter
a new life. In 385, Paula and her third daughter, Eustochium, abandoned her
palace in Rome, intending to become hermits and devote themselves entirely to
God. They visited Epiphanius in Cyprus and met Jerome in Antioch. The made a
pilgrimage through Palestine and continued into Egypt to visit the monks and
hermits there. The following year (386), mother and daughter settled in a mean
house in Bethlehem. When Paula first arrived in Bethlehem, she cried, "I
greet you, Bethlehem, the 'house of Bread,' for here was born that living Bread
who came down from heaven." The Bread of heaven satisfied all her
needs.
Austerity and prayer
marked the passing of the years in this convent where every attention was given
the poor and the study of the Scriptures. For 20 years Saint Paula presided
over the sisterhood she founded near Saint Jerome's monastery. Everyone dressed
in exactly the same fashion, quite simply, showing that they were all equal in
God's sight.
She learned enough Hebrew
to daily recite the Psalms in the original tongue. With her knowledge of Greek,
which she had learned from her father, and Hebrew, Paula helped Jerome in his
work of translating the Scriptures into Latin, and caring for him personally.
She prodded Jerome to take an interest in the dispute over Origen.
Jerome praises Paula's
efficient practicality and tactfulness; but he was alarmed by her excessive,
self-imposed mortifications, and warned her than her lavish gifts to charity
would land her in difficulties (which they did).
In the city of our Lord's
birth, Paula used her wealth to build a large hospital, a monaster, convent,
and churches, before she died penniless and serene at age 56. Her
grand-daughter Paula, who had been placed in her care, succeeded her as
directress of the convent. Saint Paula was buried near the birthplace of her
Lord and Savior, under the Church of the Nativity. Her biographer was none
other than Saint Jerome (Attwater, Benedictines, Bentley, Delaney, Farmer,
Gill, Martindale, White).
In art, Saint Paula is a
Jeronomite abbess with a book. Otherwise, she may be shown (1) as a pilgrim,
often with Saint Jerome and her daughter Saint Eustochium; (2) prostrate before
the cave at Bethlehem; (3) embarking in a ship, while a child calls from the
shore; (4) weeping over her children; (5) with the instruments of the Passion;
(6) holding a scroll with Saint Jerome's epistle Cogite me Paula (Roeder); (7)
with a book and a black veil fringed with gold; or with a sponge in her hand
(White). Saint Paula is the patroness of widows (Delaney, White).
André Reinoso. Saint Paula Teaching her Nuns, mid-17th
century. Currently in the Monastery of the Hieronymites (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos),
in Lisbon, Portugal.
André Reinoso. Santa Paula Instruindo as Monjas, meados do século XVII. No Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, em Lisboa, Portugal
Butler’s
Lives of the Saints – Saint Paula, Widow
Article
This illustrious pattern of widows surpassed all other
Roman ladies in riches, birth, and the endowments of mind. She was born on the
5th of May, in 347. The blood of the Scipio’s, the Gracchi, and Paulus Æmilius,
was centered in her by her mother Blesilla. Her father derived his pedigree from
Agamemnon, and her husband Toxotius his from Iulus and Ænas. By him she had a
son also called Toxotius, and four daughters, namely, Blesilla, Paulina,
Eustochium, and Rufina. She shone a bright pattern of virtue in the married
state, and both she and her husband edified Rome by their good example; but her
virtue was not without its alloy: a certain degree of the love of the world
being almost inseparable from honours and high life. She did not discern the
secret attachments of her heart, nor feel the weight of her own chains: she had
neither courage to break them, nor light whereby to take a clear and distinct
view of her spiritual poverty and misery. God, compassionating her weakness,
was pleased in his mercy to open her eyes by violence, and sent her the
greatest affliction that could befall her, in the death of her husband, when
she was only thirty-two years of age. Her grief was immoderate till such time
as she was encouraged to devote herself totally to God, by the exhortations of
her friend Saint Marcella, a holy widow, who then edified Rome by her
penitential life. Paula, thus excited to set aside her sorrow, erected in her
heart the standard of the cross of Jesus Christ, and courageously resolved to
walk after it. From that time, she never sat at table with any man, not even
with any of the holy bishops and saints whom she entertained. She abstained
from all flesh-meat, fish, eggs, honey, and wine; used oil only on holydays;
lay on a stone floor covered with sack-cloth; renounced all visits and worldly
amusements, laid aside all costly garments, and gave every thing to the poor
which it was in her power to dispose of. She was careful in inquiring after the
necessitous, and deemed it a loss on her side if any other hands than her own
administered relief to them. It was usual with her to say, that she could not
make a better provision for her children, than to secure for them by alms the
blessings of heaven. Her occupation was prayer, pious reading, and fasting. She
could not bear the distraction of company, which interrupted her commerce with
God; and, if ever she sought conversation, it was with the servants of God for
her own edification. She lodged Saint Epiphanius and Saint Paulinus of Antioch,
when they came to Rome; and Saint Jerom was her director in the service of God,
during his stay in that city for two years and a half, under Pope Damasus. Her
eldest daughter Blesilla, having, in a short time after marriage, lost her
husband, came to a resolution of forsaking the world, but died before she could
compass her pious design. The mother felt this affliction too sensibly. Saint
Jerom, who at that time was newly arrived at Bethlehem, in 384, wrote to her
both to comfort and reprove her. He first condoles their common loss; but adds,
that God is our master, that we are bound to rejoice in his will, always holy
and just, to thank and praise him for all things; and, above all, not to mourn
for a death at which the angels attend, and for one who by it departs to enjoy
Christ: and that it is only the continuation of our banishment which we ought
to lament. “Blesilla,” says he, “has received her crown, dying in the fervour
of her resolution, in which she had purified her soul near four months.” He
adds, that Christ seemed to reproach her grief in these terms: “Art thou angry,
O Paula! that thy daughter is made mine? Thou art offended at my providence,
and by thy rebellious tears, thou dost offer an injury to me who possess her.”
He pardons some tears in a mother, occasioned by the involuntary sensibility of
nature; but calls her excess in them a scandal to religion, abounding with
sacrilege and infidelity: adding, that Blesilla herself mourned, as far as her
happy state would allow, to see her offend Christ, and cried out to her: “Envy
not my glory: commit not what may for ever separate us. I am not alone. Instead
of you I have the mother of God, I have many companions whom I never knew
before. You mourn for me because I have left the world; and I pity your prison
and dangers in it.” Paula afterwards, completing the victory over herself,
showed herself greatly superior to this weakness. Her second daughter Paulina
was married to Saint Pammachius, and died in 397. Eustochium, the third, was
her individual companion. Rufina died young.
The greater progress Paula made in spiritual
exercises, and in the relish of heavenly things, the more insupportable to her
was the tumultuous life of the city. She sighed after the deserts, longed to be
disencumbered of attendants, and to live in an hermitage, where her heart would
have no other occupation than on God. The thirst after so great a happiness
made her ready to forget her house, family, riches, and friends; yet never did
a mother love her children more tenderly. At the thought of leaving them her
bowels yearned, and being in an agony of grief, she seemed as if she had been
torn from herself. But in this she was the most wonderful of mothers, that
whilst she felt in her soul the greatest emotions of tenderness, she knew how
to keep them within due bounds. The strength of her faith gave her an ascendant
over the sentiments of nature, and she even desired this cruel separation,
bearing it with joy, out of a pure and heroic love of God. She had indeed taken
a previous care to have all her children brought up saints; otherwise her
design would have been unjustifiable. Being therefore fixed in her resolution,
and having settled her affairs, she went to the water side, attended by her
brother, relations, friends, and children, who all strove by their tears to
overcome her constancy. Even when the vessel was ready to sail, her little son
Toxotius, with uplifted hands on the shore, and bitterly weeping, begged her
not to leave him. The rest, who were not able to speak with gushing tears,
prayed her to defer at least her voluntary banishment. But Paula, raising her
dry eyes to heaven, turned her face from the shore, lest she should discover
what she could not behold without feeling the most sensible pangs of sorrow.
She sailed first to Cyprus, where she was detained ten days by Saint Epiphanius;
and from thence to Syria. Her long journeys by land she performed on the backs
of asses; she, who till then had been accustomed to be carried about by
eunnichs in litters. She visited with great devotion all the principal places
which we read to have been consecrated by the mysteries of the life of our
divine Redeemer, as also the respective abodes of all the principal anchorets
and holy solitaries of Egypt and Syria. At Jerusalem the proconsul had prepared
a stately palace richly furnished for her reception; but excusing herself with
regard to the proffered favour, she chose to lodge in an humble cell. In this
holy place her fervour was redoubled at the sight of each sacred monument, as
Saint Jerom describes. She prostrated herself before the holy cross, pouring
forth her soul in love and adoration, as if she had beheld our Saviour still
bleeding upon it. On entering the sepulchre, she kissed the stone which the
angel removed on the occasion of our Lord’s resurrection, and imparted many
kisses full of faith and devotion to the place where the body of Christ had
been laid. On her arrival at Bethlehem, she entered the cave or stable in which
the Saviour of the world was born, and she saluted the crib with tears of joy,
crying out: “I, a miserable sinner, am made worthy to kiss the manger in which
my Lord was pleased to be laid an infant babe weeping for me! This is my
dwelling place, because it was the country chosen by my Lord for himself.
After her journeys of devotion, in which she
distributed immense alms, she settled at Bethlehem with her daughter
Eustochium, under the direction of Saint Jerom. The three first years she spent
there in a poor little house; but in the mean time, she took care to have an
hospital built on the road to Jerusalem, as also a monastery for Saint Jerom
and his monks, whom she maintained; besides three monasteries for women, which
properly made but one house, for all assembled in the same chapel to perform
together the divine service day and night; and on Sundays in the church that
was adjoining. At prime, tierce, sext, none, vespers, complin and the midnight
office, they daily sung the whole psalter, which every sister was obliged to
know by heart. Their food was very coarse and temperate, their fasts frequent
and austere. All the sisters worked with their hands, and made clothes for
themselves and others. All wore the same uniform poor habit, and used no linen
except for the wiping of their hands. No man was ever suffered to set a foot
within their doors. Paula governed them with a charity full of discretion,
animating them in the practice of every virtue by her own example and
instructions, being always the first, or among the first, in every duty;
sharing with her daughter Eustochium in all the drudgery and meanest offices of
the house, and appearing every where as the last of her sisters. She severely
reprimanded a studied neatness in dress, which she called an uncleanness of the
mind. If any one was found talkative, or angry, she was separated from the
rest, ordered to walk the last in order, to pray at the outside of the door,
and for some time to eat alone. The holy abbess was so tender of the sick, that
she sometimes allowed them to eat flesh meat, but would not admit of the same
indulgence in her own ailments, nor even allow herself a drop of wine in the
water she drank. She extended her love of poverty to her buildings and
churches, ordering them all to be built low, and without any thing costly, or
magnificent; she said that money is better laid out on the poor, who are the
living members of Christ. She wept so bitterly for the smallest faults, that
others would have thought her guilty of grievous crimes. Under an overflow of
natural grief for the death of her children, she made frequent signs of the
cross on her mouth and breast to overcome nature, and remained always perfectly
resigned in her soul to the will of God. Her son Toxotius married Læta,
daughter to a priest of the idols, but, as to herself, she was a most virtuous
Christian. Both were faithful imitators of the sanctity of our saint. Their
daughter Paula the younger, was sent to Bethlehem, to be under the care of her
grandmother, whom she afterwards succeeded in the government of that monastery.
Saint Jerom wrote to Læta, some excellent lessons for the education of this
girl, which parents can never read too often. Our saint lived fifty-six years
and eight months, of which she had spent in her widowhood five at Rome, and
almost twenty at Bethlehem. In her last illness, but especially in her agony,
she repeated almost without intermission certain verses of the psalms, which
express an ardent desire of the heavenly Jerusalem, and of being united to God.
When she was no longer able to speak, she formed the sign of the cross on her
lips, and expired in the most profound peace, on the 26th of January, 404. Her
corpse, carried by bishops, and attended with lighted wax torches, was interred
on the 28th of the same month, in the midst of the church of the holy manger.
Her tomb is still shown in the same place, near that of Saint Jerome, but
empty: even the Latin epitaph which Saint Jerom composed in verse, and caused
to be engraved on her tomb, is erased or removed, though extant in the end of
this letter which he addressed to her daughter. Her relics are said to be in the
possession of the metropolitan church at Sens, and the feast of Saint Paula is
kept a holiday of precept in that city on the 27th of January; on which day her
name is placed by Ado, Usuard, etc., because she died on the 26th after sunset,
and the Jews in Palestine began the day from sunset: but her name occurs on the
26th in the Roman Martyrology, etc. See her life in Saint Jerome’s letter to
her daughter, called her epitaph, Ep. 86, etc.
MLA Citation
Father Alban Butler. “Saint Paula, Widow”. Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints, 1866. CatholicSaints.Info.
25 January 2013. Web. 26 January 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/butlers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-paula-widow/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/butlers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-paula-widow/
Statue de sainte Paule dans l'église Sainte-Paule de Sainte-Paule (Rhône, France).
Golden Legend –
Life of Saint Pauline
Here followeth of Saint Pauline the Widow
Saint Pauline was a much noble widow of Rome, of whom
Saint Jerome wrote the life, and saith first thus: If all my members were
turned into tongues, and all my arteries should resound in human voice, yet I
might not worthily write the virtues of Saint Pauline. I take witness of God
and of his holy angels, and also of the angel that was keeper of this woman
that I shall say nothing for praising but that same that I shall say shall be
less than appertaineth to her virtues. She was born among the nobles of the
senators of Rome, and of the lineage of the noble Gregois, rich of good and
puissant of seignory at Rome. She was the most humble of all other, for like as
the sun surmounteth the clearness of the stars, so surmounted she the beauty of
others by her great humility.
When her husband was passed out of this world, she
abode lady of all the goods and riches. It happed that, at the mandment of the
Emperor, many bishops came to Rome, among whom were there the holy man
Paulinus, the patriarch of Antioch, and Epiphanius, bishop of Cyprus, of whom
she was esprised in good virtues, so that she gave largely of her goods for God’s
sake. Her parents, ne her friends, ne her own children could not turn her, ne
make her to change her purpose, but that she would become the pilgrim of Jesu
Christ, for the amorous desire that she had to Jesu Christ surmounted the love
that she had to her children. Only among all her children she had put her
affection in Eustochium her daughter, whom she led with her in this pilgrimage.
She took the sea and sailed so far that she came into the holy land of
Jerusalem. O how great devotion she had to visit the sepulchre of Jesu Christ
and the other holy places, and how all weeping she kissed them, there can no
man rehearse. All the city of Jerusalem could speak of it, and yet best of all
knew the Lord for whose love she had forsaken all things.
She had been at Rome so puissant and so noble, that
every man coveted to do to her honour for her great renomee, but she that was
founded upon humility sought the humble places and religious, and came at the
last to Bethlehem. And when she had devoutly visited the place in which the
Virgin Mary infanted and childed Jesu Christ, she fell in a vision, and as she
sware to me, she saw in that vision the child wrapped in poor clouts Iying in
the crib or in the rack, and how the three kings worshipped him, how the star
came upon the house, and how the shepherds came to see him, and how Herod made
persecution upon the innocents, and how Joseph bare the child into Egypt. And
this vision she said, all in weeping and in laughing, and said: I salute thee
Bethlehem wherein he is born, that descended from heaven, of thee prophesied
Micah the fifth chapter, that of thee should be born the God that should govern
the people of Israel, and the lineage of David should endure in thee unto the
time that the glorious virgin should enfant Jesu Christ; and I wretched, as
unworthy to repute me to kiss the crib in which our Lord wept as a child, and
the virgin childed, here I shall take my rest and my dwelling, for my Saviour
chose this place in Bethlehem.
She made there her habitation with many virgins that
served God, and how well that she was lady of all, nevertheless she was the
most humble and meek in speaking, in habit, and in going, in such wise that she
seemed servant of all the other. She never ate after the death of her husband
with no man, how good that he was; she visited as it is said tofore, all the
holy places and the monks of Egypt, among whom were many of the ancient fathers
and many holy men, and her seemed that she saw Jesu Christ among them. And
after, she founded in Bethlehem an abbey in which she assembled virgins as well
of noble estate as of middle and low lineage, and departed them in three
congregations, so that they were departed in work, in meat, and drink, but in
saying their psalter and adoring were they together at the hours as it
appertaineth. And she induced and informed all the other in prayer and in work,
by example giving, she was never idle. And all they were of one habit, and they
had ne sheets ne linen cloth but to dry their hands, and they might have no
licence to speak to men, and they that came late to the hours, she blamed
debonairly or shortly, after that they were, and suffered not that any of them
should have anything save the living and clothing, for to put away avarice from
them. She appeased them sweetly that strove, and also she brake and mortified
among the young maidens their fleshly desires by continual fastings, for she
had liefer have them good, suffering sorrow and sickness, than their heart
should be hurt by fleshly will. And she chastised them that were nice and
quaint, saying that such nicety was filth of the soul, and said also that, word
sounding to any ordure or filth should never issue out of the mouth of a
virgin, for by the words outward is showed the countenance of the heart within,
and she that so spake and was rebuked therefor, if she amended it not at the
first warning, ne at the second, ne at the third, she should be dissevered from
the others in eating and in drinking, by which she should be ashamed, and thus
should be amended by debonair correction, and if she would not, she should be
punished by right great moderation. She was marvellous debonair and pitiful to
them that were sick, and comforted them and served them right busily, and to
them largely to eat such as they asked, but to herself she was hard in her
sickness and scarce, for she refused to eat flesh, how well she gave it to
other, and also to drink wine. She was oft by them that were sick, and laid the
pillows aright and in point, and frotted their feet and chauffed water to wash
them. And her seemed that the less she did to the sick in service, so much less
service did she to God, and deserved less merit, and therefore she was to them
pitiful, and nothing to herself. In her right great sicknesses she would have
no soft bed, but lay upon the straw or upon the ground, and took but little
rest. For the most part she was in prayers both by day and by night, and she
wept so much that it seemed of her eyes a fountain. So many tears ran from
them, and when we said to her oft-times that she should keep her eyes from
weeping so much, she said: The visage ought to be like to be foul because it
hath so much been made fair and gay against the commandment of God, and the
body ought to be chastised that hath had so much solace in this world, and the
laughings ought to be recompensed by weepings, and the soft bed and the sheets
ought to be changed into the sharpness of hair. I that was accustomed to please
man and the world, I desire now to please Jesu Christ. And what shall I say of
chastity in which she was ensample unto all ladies of time past when she was
yet secular? For she conversed in such wise that they that were envious durst
not avise on her any evil fame. She was debonair and courteous unto all, for
she comforted the poor and warned the rich to do well, but in largess she
passed so that no poor man complained of her. And this did she not by the great
abundance that she had of goods, but by her wise governance, and when I said to
her that she should have measure in doing alms, after that the apostle saith
that, the alms that is done to another be not grievous to him that doth it. But
she said that for the love of our Lord she did all, and that she desired to
die, begging in such wise that she should not leave one penny to her daughter
after her, and that she might be wrapped in a strange sheet when she should
die.
And at the last she said: If I should demand ought, I
should find enough that would give to me, and these beggars, if I gave to them
nought and they so departed and died for poverty, of whom should God demand
this? Oft said she so: They be happy that be merciful, and alms quencheth sins
as the water quencheth the fire, but for to do alms it cometh not always to
perfection, for many do alms that abide in their carnalities, they seem to be
good without forth. but within they be mortal.
Pauline was not such an one, she affeebled her body
right sore in fasting and in labouring, that unnethe she set her eyes to her
meat, without eating fish, ne milk, eggs, or white meat, in which many ween to
do great abstinence without eating flesh. For our Lord gave to her an
adversary, the stimulation fleshly, by which she held her in humility without
savouring anything of pride for the foison of her virtues, and also that she
thought not to be higher than other women. She had always in her mind the holy
Scriptures against the deceptions of the fiend, and especially this that Moses
saith: God assayeth you if he love you, and this that saith Isaiah the prophet:
Ye that have been at the solace and joys of the world and now be withdrawn from
them and left them, lookafter none other thing but to suffer tribulation upon
tribulation and know ye by tribulation is had patience, and by patience is had
poverty. It is said, Job, primo capitulo, when it was showed to him the loss of
his patrimony, he answered: I issued naked from the belly of my mother, and I
shall re-enter naked again into the earth, like as God may be pleased so be it
done, his name be praised and blessed. He learned us that we should not love
the world, for the world shall finish in her covetise. When one told her that
her children were right sick, she said: Who loveth his son or his daughter more
than God is not worthy to be with God. A man, that seemed to be her friend,
sent her word on a time that she had great need to keep well her brain, for
because of the ardour that she had in virtues, she seemed to be out of her wit,
and she answered: In this world we bereputed as fools for the love of Jesu
Christ. And our Lord said to his apostles: The world hateth you, for ye be not
of the world, if ye were of the world, that is to say of the conversation of
the world, the world should love you. Fair Lord God we mortify ourselves
always, and we be reputed as sheep that be brought to death, because that
without plaining we mortify our bodies. In such patience was she unto the
death, and suffered humbly the envy of them that were evil. She had in her mind
the holy Scriptures, and she held her more to the spiritual understanding than
to the histories of the Scripture. She could perfectly Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
and French, and read coursably the Scriptures in these four languages.
Who may recount without weeping the death of this
woman? She fell in a malady mortal and saw well that she should die, for all
her body became cold, and she felt that her spirit held her in her breast. Then
said she without plaining, and without having any charge save to God: Fair
sweet Lord, I have coveted the beauty of thy house for to be in thy habitation
that is so fair, my soul hath desired to be in thy realm. And when I demanded
her wherefore she spake no more, and she would not answer me, and I asked if
she suffered great pain, she said to me in Greek tongue that she was well and
in good peace. And anon she left speaking to me, and closed her eyes in saying
to God: Lord, like as the hart desireth to come to the fountain, so desireth my
soul to come to thee; alas! when shall I come to thee fair Lord God? And in
saying these words, she made a cross upon her mouth. There were bishops, priests,
clerks, canons, and monks without number, and at the last, when she heard her
spouse, Jesu Christ, which called her saying: Arise and come to me my sweet
love and fair espouse, for the winter is passed. She answered gladly: The
flowers be showed in our country, and I believe that I shall see the goods in
the realm of heaven of my Lord Jesu Christ, and thus she rendered her soul and
passed out of this world. And anon all the congregation of virgins made no cry
in weeping as do the people of the world, but read devoutly their psalter not
only unto the time that she was buried, but all the day and all the night. And
with great pain could not Eustochium, her venerable daughter, the virgin, be
withdrawn from her, but she kissed her and embraced her piteously in weeping
the death of her mother. And Jesus witnesseth that Saint Pauline left not one
penny to her daughter, she had so given alms of all her great riches. Many give
largely for God’s sake, but they give not so much but some abideth.
When she was passed as said is, her lips ne her face
were not pale, but was as reverent to look on as she had been yet alive. She
was buried in a sepulchre in Bethlehem with right great honour by the
bishops, priests,
clerks, monks, virgins, and all the poor people of the country, which plained
that they had lost their good mother that had nourished them. She lived in Rome
holily thirty-three years, and in Bethlehem twenty years, and all her age was
fifty three years seven months and twenty days, from the time of Honorius,
emperor of Rome. Then let us pray to this holy woman that she pray for us.
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/golden-legend-life-of-saint-pauline/
Giuseppe Nuvolone (1619–1703). The
alms of Saint Paula of Rome, circa 1684
Heroines
That Every Child Should Know – Paula
In the city of Rome when its imperial strength had
faded, to seek pleasure and to give one’s self to display had taken the place
of honest work and sober duty. The time of which we speak was the fourth
century. Affairs of government had been moved to Constantinople, and the
effects of the conduct of great matters in their midst was thus denied the
Romans.
The populace, fed for ages on public doles and the
terrible gaiety of gladiatorial shows had become thoroughly debased, and unable
to work out their own bettering. The persons having riches were likewise
degraded by a life of luxury and senseless extravagance. Men of that type aired
themselves in lofty chariots, lazily reclining and showing to advantage their
carefully curled hair, robes of silk embroidery and tissue of gold, to excite
the admiration and envy of plainer livers. Their horses’ harness would be
covered with ornaments of gold, their coachmen armed with a golden wand instead
of whip, and troups of slaves, parasites and other servitors would dance
attendance about them. With such display the poor rich creatures would pass
through the streets, pushing out of the way or trampling and crushing to the
dust whomsoever they might chance to meet—very much as some automobilists act
to-day. Brutality and senseless show always are hand in glove with each other.
The rich women of Rome well matched such men. Their
very shoes crackled under their feet from excess of gold and silver ornament.
Their dresses of cloth-of-gold or other expensive stuff were so heavy that the
wearers could hardly walk, even with the aid of attendants. Their faces were
often painted and their hair dyed and mounted high on the head in monstrous
shapes and designs.
Creeping into such a life as we have just been
describing came the pure and simple precepts of Jesus—and they doubtless found
many a soul athirst and sick with folly and coarse regard for riches. For years
the Christians had been persecuted and many of their number gaining the
strength that poverty and persecution bring. In opposition to the luxury-loving
spirit, also, had risen among a number an austere denial of all pleasure, and
such persons sought a solitary life in a cave or other retired spot. The
deserts were mined with caverns and holes in the sand in which hermits dwelt,
picking up food as best they might, their bones rattling in a skin blackened by
exposure—they were starving, praying and agonising for the salvation of their
own souls and for a world sunk in luxury and wickedness.
Now and then one of these hermits would leave his
country solitariness and go to some city with a mission of converting vice to
virtue. Among these was a man whom we know as Jerome, or Saint Jerome. He was a
native of a village on the slope of the Illyrian Alps, and his full name was
Eusebius Hieronymus. Inflamed with a zeal for doing great works, loving
controversy and harsh and strong in conflict, Jerome sought Rome after years of
study and prayer in the desert. In Rome he came to be a frequenter of a palace
on the Aventine in which a number of rich and influential women held meetings
for Christian teaching and sought a truer and purer life.
Of all these women we best know Paula. No fine lady of
that day was more exquisite, more fastidious, more splendid than she. She could
not walk abroad without the support of servants, nor cross the marble floor
from one silken couch to another, so heavily was gold interwoven in the tissue
of her dresses. Her eldest daughter, Blæsilla, a widow at twenty, was a Roman
exquisite, loving everything soft and luxurious. It was said of her that she
spent entire days before her mirror giving herself to personal decoration—to
the tower of curls on her head and the touch of rouge on her cheeks. Paula’s
second daughter, Paulina, had married a young patrician who was Christian.
The third member of the family, a girl of sixteen, was
Eustochium, a character strongly contrasting with her beautiful mother and
sister. Even in early years she had fixed her choice upon a secluded life and
shown herself untouched by the gaudy luxury about her. And to this the
following pretty story will bear witness. An aunt of hers was Prætextata, wife
of a high official of the Emperor Julian, and like the Emperor a follower of
the old faith in the gods rather than the new faith in the teachings of Jesus.
The family of Paula were, however, as we said, Christian.
This aunt Prætextata saw with some impatience and
anger what she considered the artificial gravity of her youthful niece, and
when she heard that the maid had said she intended never to marry, and purposed
to withdraw from the world, she invited Eustochium to her house on a visit. The
young vestal donned her brown gown, the habit of humility, and all unsuspicious
sought her aunt. She had scarcely found herself within the house, however,
before she was seized by favourite maids, who were interested in the plot. They
loosed Eustochium’s long hair and elaborated it in curls and plaits; they took
away her little brown gown and covered her with silk and cloth-of-gold; they
hung upon her precious ornaments, and finally led her to the mirror to dazzle
her eyes with the reflection she would find in the polished surface.
The little maid with the Greek name and pure heart,
let them turn her round and round and praise her fresh and youthful beauty. But
she was a girl who knew her mind, and was blessed with a natural seriousness.
Her aunt’s household she permitted to have their pleasure that day. Then again
she donned her little brown gown; and wore the habit all her life.
To return to Jerome: he had hardly arrived in Rome
when he was made secretary of a council held in that city by ecclesiastics in
the year 382. During his stay he dwelt in the house upon the Aventine in which
such women as Paula had been meeting. The little community were now giving up
their excessive luxuries and were devoting their time and income to good works,
to visiting the poor, tending the sick and founding the first hospitals. To the
man of the desert the gentle life must have been more agreeable. In this
retreat he accomplished the first portion of his great work, the first
authoritative translation of the entire Canon of Scripture – the Vulgate – so
named when the Latin of Jerome was the language of the crowd.
But he did not work alone. Paula and other women of
the community helped in the translation. They studied with enthusiasm the
Scriptures in Hebrew and in Greek; they discussed phrases difficult of
understanding, and often held their own opinions against the learned Jerome
whose scribes they were willing to be.
Thus began the friendship between Paula and Jerome,
which was deepened by the death of Blæsilla. This eldest daughter of Paula had
a serious illness. One night, in a dream or vision, Jesus seemed to appear to
her and take her by the hand and say, “Arise, come forth.” Waking, she seemed
to sit at the table like Mary of Bethany. From that night her whole life was
changed. She gathered together her embroidered robes and her jewels and sold
them for the poor. Instead of torturing her head with a mitre of curls, she
wore a simple veil. A woollen cord, dark linen gown and common shoes replaced
the gold embroidered girdle, the glistening silks and the golden-heeled shoes.
She slept upon a hard couch. Like others of her family she was finely intelligent,
and she became one of the “apprentices” of Jerome, who wrote for her a
commentary on the book of Ecclesiastes, “Vanity of Vanities.”
Her conversion was enduring, but her health failed. In
a few months another attack of fever laid her low. Her funeral was magnificent.
Paula, according to Roman custom, accompanied her child’s body to the tomb of
her ancestors, wild with grief, lamenting, and, at last, fainting, so that she
was borne away as one dead.
The people were enraged. They accused Jerome, and
other “detestable monks” of killing the young widow with austerities. “Let
them,” they said; “be stoned and thrown into the Tiber.”
For days Paula wept and refused to see her friends.
Jerome, because he had understood, loved and reverenced her child, she consented
to admit. Paula listened to his telling her that she “refused nourishment not
from love of fasting, but from love of sorrow”; that “the spirit of God
descends only upon the humble,” and she arose and went forth. Nothing ever
interrupted the friendship which from that time made the joy of her life and of
Jerome’s.
It was in the summer of 385, nearly three years after
his coming to Rome, and not a year after the death of Blæsilla, that Jerome
left “Babylon,” as he called the tumultuous city. An affectionate company
followed him to the seaport. Soon after Paula prepared for her departure,
dividing her patrimony among her children. Her daughter, Paulina, was now
married to a good and faithful husband, and these two undertook the charge and
rearing of their youngest sister and the little Toxotius, a boy of ten. The
grave young Eustochium, her head now covered by the veil of the devotee, clung
to her mother’s side, a serene figure in the midst of all the misunderstanding
and agitation of the parting.
Friends poured forth from the city to accompany them
to the port, and all the way along the winding banks of the Tiber they plied
Paula with entreaties and reproaches and tears. She made no answer. She was at
all times slow to speak, the chronicle tells us. She freighted a ship at the
port, Ostia, and retained her self-command until the vessel began to move from
the shore where stood her son Toxotius stretching out his hands to her in last
appeal, and by his side his sister Rufina, with wistful eyes. Paula’s heart was
like to burst. She turned her eyes away, unable to bear the sight, and would
have fallen but for the support of the firm Eustochium standing by her mother’s
side.
The rich Roman lady, luxury-loving, had become a
pilgrim. She had, however, according to the interpretation of the Christian
spirit of that day, in renouncing her former life and all its belongings, set
aside natural ties. Now she was going forth to make herself a home in the
solitude of Bethlehem.
Her ship was occupied by her own party alone, and
carried much baggage for this emigration for life. It came, hindered by no
storms, to Cyprus, where old friends received Paula with honour, and conducted
her to visit monks and nuns in their new establishments. She afterward
proceeded to Antioch, where Jerome joined the party, and then along the coast
of Tyre and Sidon, by Herod’s splendid city of Cæsarea and by Joppa rich with
memories of the early apostles of their faith. Paula, the pilgrim, was no
longer a tottering fine lady, but a strong, animated, interested traveller.
The little company continued on their tour for a year.
They first paused, at Jerusalem, and here the tender, enthusiasm of Paula found
its fullest expression. She went in a rapture of tears and exaltation from one
to another of the sacred sites. She kissed the broken stone which was supposed
to have been that rolled against the door of the Holy Sepulchre, and trod with
pious awe the path to the cave where the True Cross was found. The legend of
Helena’s finding the cross was still fresh in those days, and doubts there were
none.
The ecstasies and joy of Paula, which found their
expression in rapturous prayers and tears, moved all Jerusalem. The city was
thronged with pilgrims, and the great Roman lady became their wonder. The crowd
followed her from point to point, marvelling at her frank emotion and the
warmth of her natural feeling.
From Jerusalem the party set out to journey through
the storied deserts of Syria. This was in the year 387. They stopped everywhere
to visit those monasteries built in awful passes of the rocks and upon stony
wastes that the penance of the indwellers might be the greater. They found
shelter with tanned and weather-beaten hermits in their holes and caverns. They
poured upon them enthusiastic admiration, and shared with them their Arab bread
and clotted milk, and also gave many an alm. Paula fascinated by the desert,
would stay there and found a convent. But Jerome prevailed upon her to turn
toward Jerusalem.
Thus they came to green Bethlehem, and the calm
sweetness of the place and its pleasant fields smote their hearts. Here they
determined to settle and build two convents—Jerome’s upon the hill near the
western gate and Paula’s upon the smiling level below. He is said to have sold
all that he had, and all that his brother, his faithful and constant companion,
had, to gain money for the expense of his building. Paula, doubtless, had ample
means from her former great wealth. Indeed, after her own was builded she had
two other convents put up near by, and these were soon filled with devotees.
Also, she built a hospice for the reception of
travellers, so that, as she said with tender smile and tears in eyes, “If
Joseph and Mary should return to Jerusalem, they might be sure of finding room
for them in the inn.” This gentle speech shines like a gleam of light upon the
little holy city, and shows us the noble, natural kindness of Paula, and how
profoundly she had been moved by associations to her most sacred and holy.
Every poor pilgrim passing her door must to her sympathetic heart have had some
semblance to that simple pair who carried the Light of the World to David’s
little town among the hills.
Paula now laying aside wholly the luxurious habits of
her life, set the example of simple and industrious living by washing floors
and cleaning lamps and other household work. But she was far from ceasing her
studies.
Jerome every day laboured at his great translation,
and Paula and Eustochium copied, compared and criticised his daily labours. A
great part of the Vulgate he had completed in Rome. His two friends had,
doubtless, shared his studies during their long journey. They now read with him
every day a portion of the Scriptures in the original; and it was at their
entreaty and with their help that he began the translation of the Psalms. The
following is a sympathetic description of the method of this work as it was carried
out in the rocky chamber at Bethlehem, or in the convent close by:
His two friends charged themselves with the task of
collecting all the materials, and this edition, prepared by their care, is that
which remains in the Church under Jerome’s name…. It is pleasant to think of
the two noble Roman ladies seated before the vast desk upon which were spread
the numerous manuscripts, Greek, Hebrew and Latin… whilst they examined and
compared, reducing to order under their hands, with piety and joy, that Psalter
of St. Jerome which is still sung to-day.
So on a whole their days passed in fruitful labour.
Jerome held a school for boys and young men, in which he taught the classics.
But his great work, and the great work of Paula and Eustochium, was the
translation of the Bible into what was then the speech of the people. For this
they spared no pains nor costs. They must have found a quiet happiness above
all they had calculated in this work. Their minds and thoughts must have been
held by the charm of the noble poetry, by the puzzle of words to be cleared and
read aright, by the constant interest of accomplishment that every sunrise
brought to them, and brings ever to steadfast workers in these days.
And so they dwelt, the gentle Paula, a woman of
courtesy, high spirit, steadfastness and gracious, sprightly humour;
Eustochium, the grave young daughter who never left her mother’s side, whose
gentle shadow is one with her mother’s; and Jerome, the greatest writer of his
time, the mighty controversialist, a man evidently a well of force and
sympathy, the kind friend and fellow-worker. Every day the three had
conferences as to the most accurate renderings possible, and at all times the
greatest respect for the scholarship and acuteness of one another. Amid them
was the pleasant stir of independent opinion.
In the books that went forth from that seclusion in
Bethlehem we find such an inscription as this:
You, Paula, and Eustochium, who have studied so deeply
the books of the Hebrews, take it, this book of Esther, and test it word by
word; you can tell whether anything is added, anything withdrawn: and can bear
faithful witness whether I have rendered aright in Latin this Hebrew history.
Between these zealous workers in Bethlehem and the old
Christian friends in Rome letters were constantly passing. And as the years of
her absence grew, Paula, in time, heard of the marriage of Toxotius, who, a
little boy of ten, had held out begging hands to her as her ship set sail from
the port of Rome. Anon came the joyful news that a daughter had been born and
named after her grandmother, Paula. The baby’s mother, Leta, looking forward
with early longings for the child’s future, at once wrote to Jerome about the
education of the little one.
The great writer’s first thought, amidst his joyous
congratulations, is the probable conversion of the baby’s maternal grandfather,
Albinus, a follower of the old gods.
“Albinus is already a candidate for the faith,” he
writes, “a crowd of sons and grandsons besiege him. I believe, on my part, that
if Jupiter himself had such a family he would be converted to Jesus Christ.”
Then Jerome gives, with tender detail, the counsels as
to education for which Leta had asked. But he adds:
“It will be difficult to bring up thy little daughter
thus at Rome. Send her to Bethlehem; she will repose in the manger of Jesus.
Eustochium wishes for her; trust the little one with her. Let this new Paula be
cradled on the bosom of her grandmother. Send her to me; I will carry her on my
shoulders, old man as I am. I will make myself a child with her; I will lisp to
fit her speech; and, believe me, I shall be prouder of my employment than ever
Aristotle was of his” [as tutor to Alexander.]
The invitation was accepted. In a few years the little
maiden was indeed sent to Bethlehem, though not till after the death of her
grandmother Paula. And it was the child, the younger Paula, who at last closed
the eyes of Jerome.
Paula, the grandmother, did not live long after the
birth of her namesake. Her last illness was beginning. Eustochium watched her
night and day, entrusting to no one else the tender last cares—sustaining the
drooping head, warming the cold feet, feeding the weakened body, and making the
invalid’s bed. If the mother fell asleep for a little while, the daughter would
go for prayers to the Manger, close at hand and sanctified by its tender
associations of motherhood.
But the precious life was slowly ebbing away. Knowing
that her end was near, Paula began to repeat with great joy the verses of the
Psalms she knew so well:
“Lord, I have loved the habitation of Thy house, and
the place where Thine honour dwelleth!”; “How amiable are Thy tabernacles, O
Lord God of hosts! My soul longeth, yea, fainteth, for the courts of the house
of my God.”; “Better to be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than to dwell in
the tents of wickedness.”
When she had finished, she began to say these songs of
the threshold over again. She did not answer when spoken to, until Jerome came
and asked gently why she did not speak and if she suffered. Then she answered
in Greek, the language of her father and of her childhood, that she had no
discomfort, but was “beholding in a vision all quiet and tranquil things.” “I
feel already an infinite peace,” she said. And still she continued to murmur at
intervals the words of that ancient song of pilgrimage until her voice grew
fainter and fainter, and with the sigh of longing for God’s presence on her
lips she entered it forever.
All Palestine may be said to have assisted at her
funeral. A chorus of psalms and lamentations sounded forth in all
languages—Hebrew, Greek, Latin. Hermits crept out of their caves, and monks
came in throngs from their monasteries to bewail their generous friend, this
great Roman lady, this devoted Christian. During her last days bishops from the
neighbouring dioceses had gathered round her and her coffin was borne on their
heads into the basilica of the Manger.
And there all the poor, the widowed and orphans
lamented “their foster-mother,” “their mother,” and showed the gifts she had
given them and the garments she had made for them. Eustochium could with
difficulty be prevailed to leave her. She stayed kissing the cold lips, and at
last, her grief breaking through the usual calm of her life, throwing her arms
about the unconscious form and praying to be buried beside her.
Paula died at fifty-six. She had spent the last
eighteen years of her life in Palestine.
Jerome, for the first time in his laborious life, lost
his appetite for work. He could do no more. “I have been able to do nothing, not
even from the Scriptures, since the death of the holy and gracious Paula,” he
wrote. “Grief overwhelms me.”
Eustochium, with the instinct of true affection, drew
him out of this stupor by inducing him to write a memoir of her mother for her.
In two sleepless nights he dictated it. “He could not write himself. Each time
that he took up the tablets his fingers stiffened and the stylus fell from his
hand. He could not dwell,” he said, “on her great pedigree from the Scipios,
the Gracchi, from Agamemnon, nor on her splendid opulence and her palace at
Rome. She had preferred Bethlehem to Rome. Her praise was that she died poorer
than the poorest she had succoured. At Rome she had not been known beyond Rome.
At Bethlehem all Christendom, Roman and barbarian, revered her.”
“We weep not her loss; we thank God to have had her.
Nay! we have her always, for all live by the spirit of God; and the elect who
ascend to Him remain still always in the family of those He loves.”
Eustochium quietly took up the guidance of her
mother’s convents and hospice and gently urged Jerome to resume his work.
Writing almost countless letters, translating and commenting on the Scriptures
he passed still many years, and at last, dying, at his own wish his body was
buried in a hollow of the rocks at Bethlehem. To this day, it is said, his name
can still be traced graven in the rock.
In the fifteen hundred years that have passed since
the death of Paula, the homes of piety and charity established by her strength
and love have been swept away. No tradition even of their site is left. But
with one storied chamber is connected a warm interest. It is the rocky room, in
one of the half caves, half excavations, close to that of the Nativity, and
communicating with it by rudely hewn stairs and passages. In this, the legend
runs, Jerome established himself while his convent was building. He called it
his paradise. Sunlit from above, with prayer and the music of alleluias
sounding there night and day, brightened by the glow of the pure affections of
Paula and Eustochium and sanctified by their great work, from it flowed rivers
of water to refresh the earth.
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/heroines-that-every-child-should-know-paula/
Jan Hovaert (1592–) , Saint Jerome together with his disciples Saint Paula and Saint Eustochium, 266 X 165, Chiesa di Santa Maria Maddalena, Genua
Matías de Torres (1635–1711). San Jerónimo y Santa Paula adorando al Niño
Jesús, circa 1660 , 48 x 61, Real Academia de
Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Calle de Alcalá in the heart of Madrid
Santa Paola Romana Vedova
Roma, 5 maggio 347 -
Betlemme, 26 gennaio 406
Di ricchissima famiglia
dell'alta aristocrazia romana, Paola nasce durante il regno di Costantino II. A
quindici anni sposa Tossozio, un nobile del suo rango. Il suo è un matrimonio
felice il cui frutto sono quattro figlie, Blesilla, Paolina, Eustochio e
Ruffina, e un figlio, Tossozio. Ma a 32 anni Paola rimane vedova. Decide allora
di aprire la casa accogliendo incontri, riunioni di preghiera e di
approfondimento della dottrina cristiana, iniziative per i poveri. Nel 382
invita agli incontri il dalmata Girolamo, giunto a Roma insieme a due vescovi
d'Oriente. Nel 384 e Girolamo riparte verso la Terrasanta per dedicarsi
all'opera di traduzione in latino delle scritture. L'anno successivo parte
verso l'Oriente anche Paola, accompagnata dalla figlia Eustochio, mentre
Paolina, a Roma, si occuperà di Ruffina e Tossozio. Spende le sue ricchezze per
creare una casa destinata ai pellegrini, e due monasteri, uno maschile e uno
femminile. Paola prende dimora in quello femminile, nel quale si costituisce
una comunità sotto la sua guida. Morirà qui a 59 anni.
Patronato: Vedove
Etimologia: Paola =
piccola di statura, dal latino
Martirologio
Romano: A Betlemme di Giudea, santa Paola, vedova: di nobilissima famiglia
senatoria, rinunciò al mondo e, distribuite le sue sostanze ai poveri, insieme
alla beata vergine Eustochio, sua figlia, si ritirò presso il presepe del
Signore.
Figlia dell’alta e ricca aristocrazia senatoria romana, di religione cristiana, Paola nasce a Roma nel 347. A quindici anni ubbidisce ai genitori e sposa il ricco senatore Tossozio. Il matrimonio è felice e nascono cinque bambini. Paola non può desiderare altro dalla vita, è ricchissima, ma il suo cuore è buono e caritatevole. Per questo motivo viene rispettata e amata da tutti. Purtroppo all’età di trentadue anni rimane vedova.
Paola si dedica ai suoi amati figli, ma, da buona cristiana, sente che il suo compito è anche un altro: aiutare e assistere i poveri e divulgare il Vangelo. Con l’aiuto di un gruppo di nobildonne vedove e dell’amica Marcella, anche lei vedova e di famiglia patrizia, Paola rinuncia alle agiatezze e apre la sua lussuosa casa ai bisognosi di Roma, offrendo loro ospitalità e cibo. Riunisce un gruppo di fedeli con i quali prega, legge e studia le Sacre Scritture.
San Girolamo è stato di notevole sostegno morale per la crescita spirituale e culturale di Paola. Girolamo, grande studioso, si occupa della traduzione della Bibbia in lingua latina e arriva dall’Oriente a Roma per collaborare, in qualità di segretario, con il papa Damaso. Paola lo ospita a casa sua. Tra i due nasce una bella amicizia tanto che la donna decide di diventare monaca e partire per l’Egitto, assieme al santo e alla figlia Eustochio. A casa rimane un’altra figlia ad occuparsi dei fratelli.
Paola, dopo aver visitato i luoghi dove, in solitudine, vivono i “Padri del deserto” per pregare e stare più a contatto con Dio, si reca in pellegrinaggio anche in Terra Santa. A Betlemme, con le sue ricchezze, la matrona romana fonda una casa per i pellegrini che, numerosi, arrivano da ogni parte per visitare i luoghi dove nacque, visse e morì Gesù. Paola fa costruire anche due monasteri: uno maschile, guidato da San Girolamo, e uno femminile dove la santa romana vive umilmente assieme alla figlia Eustochio e ad altre cinquanta monache, assumendo il ruolo di badessa.
Santa Paola Romana, protettrice delle vedove, muore a Betlemme nel 406 ed è sepolta proprio accanto al luogo dove è nato Gesù, nella Basilica della Natività.
Autore: Mariella
Lentini
Appartiene a una
ricchissima famiglia “senatoria”, all’alta aristocrazia romana. Nata durante il
lungo regno di Costantino II, a quindici anni le hanno fatto sposare Tossozio,
un nobile del suo rango. Il suo è un matrimonio felice, perché arrivano via via
quattro figlie (Blesilla, Paolina, Eustochio e Ruffina), e poi un maschio che
viene chiamato Tossozio, come il padre. Ma è anche un matrimonio breve, troppo
breve: a 32 anni Paola è, infatti, già vedova.
Continua a dedicarsi alla
famiglia, ma anche a impegni religiosi e caritativi. Il suo palazzo accoglie
incontri, riunioni di preghiera e di approfondimento della dottrina cristiana,
iniziative per i poveri. Però non è un club di dame benefiche: ha piuttosto
qualche connotato monastico, e acquista vivacità quando Paola invita agli
incontri il dalmata Girolamo, giunto nel 382 a Roma insieme a due vescovi d’Oriente. In
gioventù egli ha studiato a Roma; è stato poi in Germania e ad Aquileia, e per
alcuni anni infine è vissuto in Oriente, asceta e studioso insieme. A Roma
diventa collaboratore del papa Damaso. È un divulgatore appassionato degli
ideali ascetici, ha una preparazione culturale di raro spessore, e di certo non
la nasconde. Così nel clero e nell’aristocrazia si procura amici e nemici
ugualmente accesi. Il suo ascendente è forte specialmente nella cerchia di
Paola, alla quale comunica la sua passione per le Sacre Scritture. E nel 384 la
conforta per un nuovo dolore che l’ha colpita: è morta Blesilla, la sua figlia
maggiore.
Nel dicembre dello stesso
anno muore il papa Damaso, e Girolamo riparte verso la Terra santa per
dedicarsi all’opera che stava tanto a cuore a quel Pontefice, e che ora
impegnerà lui fino alla morte: dare alla Chiesa le Sacre Scritture in una
corretta e completa versione in lingua latina.
L’anno successivo parte
verso l’Oriente anche Paola, accompagnata dalla figlia Eustochio, mentre
Paolina, a Roma, si occuperà di Ruffina e Tossozio. (E inRoma si riaccendono
vecchie calunnie su un suo presunto rapporto amoroso con Girolamo). Paola
percorre dapprima l’Egitto, nei luoghi dove i Padri del deserto hanno voluto
ritirarsi, «soli al mondo con Dio». Poi ritorna con la figlia in Palestina, a
Betlemme: e qui si ferma per sempre. Spende le sue ricchezze per creare una
casa destinata ai pellegrini, e due monasteri, uno maschile e uno femminile.
Nel primo lavorerà Girolamo fino alla morte (nel 419/420). Paola prende dimora
in quello femminile, nel quale si costituisce una comunità sotto la sua guida.
Fra queste mura, «Paola era in grado di volare più in alto di tutte per le sue
eccezionali doti» (Palladio, Storia lausiaca).
E qui Paola muore a 59
anni, affidando le cinquanta monache alla figlia Eustochio. Qui rimarrà per
sempre sepolta: «In Betlemme di Giuda», come dice di lei il Martirologio
romano, dove «con la beata vergine Eustochio sua figlia si rifugiò al presepe
del Signore».
Autore: Domenico
Agasso