Hl. Vitus (von zwei Engeln umrahmt, der Fuß auf dem
von ihm bezwungenen Löwen; aus dem Weißenauer Passionale; Fondation
Bodmer, Coligny, Switzerland; Cod. Bodmer 127, fol. 103r
Illumination from the Passionary of Weissenau (Weißenauer Passionale); Fondation Bodmer, Coligny, Switzerland; Cod. Bodmer 127, fol. 103r.
Saint Guy
Il subit le martyre dans la province de Matera (Italie) au cours des premiers siècles. Son culte se développa en Allemagne à partir de 836, date à laquelle ses reliques arrivèrent à l'abbaye de Corvey (Saxe). Parmi les sanctuaires qui lui furent élevés en Allemagne, celui de Dresselhausen (près d'Ulm) connut la célébrité au XVème siècle. A cette époque une épidémie de chorée ravageait l'Allemagne et les Pays-Bas. On accourut de partout à Dresselhausen. Ce fut alors que cette maladie prit le nom de « danse de Saint Guy »; alors aussi celui-ci fut mis au nombre des Saints Auxiliateurs et son renom de thaumaturge se répandit dans l'Europe entière.
Richard de Montbaston, Martyre de saint Vit et de saint Modeste (Martyrdom of Vitus, Modestus, Crescentia), XIVe siècle
Josef, the elder Arnold (–1879). Hl. Vitus als Märtyrer vor Maria und Christus, 1840 circa, Stadtpfarrkirche St. Vitus, Kufstein
Untergriesbach ( Lower Bavaria ). Saint James the
Greater parish church in Gottsdorf - Altar of Saint Leopold ( 1737 ): Painting
of Saint Vitus.
Untergriesbach ( Niederbayern ). Pfarrkirche St.Jakobus der Ältere in Gottsdorf - Altar des heiligen Leopold ( 1737 ): Gemälde des heiligen Veit im Aufsatz.
Bhx Cardinal Schuster, Liber Sacramentorum
Predella des Veitsaltars in der Veitskirche in Flein (datiert 1514 o. 1517). Links der Fleiner Vogt und Altarstifter Conrad Erer mit Frau und Kind vor dem Hl. Veit, rechts Martyrium des Veit mit zwei weiteren Heiligengestalten
St. Veitskirche (Veitsbronn), Detail des Barbaraaltars: Gemälde des Heiligen Veit
Pfarrkirche St. Vitus, Altmannshofen, Gemeinde
Aichstetten
Heiliger Vitus mit seinen zwei Erziehern, dem Lehrer
Modestus und der Amme Kreszentia, Tafelbild an der linken Wand des
Kirchenschiffs
Saint Guy
Martyr sous Dioclétien (284-305)
Fête le 15 juin
† en Lucanie [auj. Basilicate] v. 300 (?)
Groupe « Guy, Modeste et Crescence »
Autres graphies : Guy le Martyr, Gui ou Vite
Fils d’un sénateur de Sicile, Guy aurait eu pour précepteur et servante, des chrétiens, Modeste et Crescence. Modeste fit baptiser l’enfant. Ils durent s’enfuir vers le sud de l’Italie afin d’échapper aux persécutions. Puis ils partirent pour Rome. Là, Guy réussit à guérir le fils de l’empereur Dioclétien, mais dans la suite, lui et ses compagnons, Modeste et son épouse Crescence, furent cruellement suppliciés parce qu’ils refusèrent de sacrifier aux dieux. Cependant, ils furent libérés de leur prison par un ange, et ils retournèrent dans l’Italie du Sud où ils moururent des suites de leurs souffrances. Cette histoire est une légende, le fait qu’ils furent martyrs, probablement dans le sud de l’Italie, est confirmée par l’ancienneté de la vénération qui leur est vouée. Mais rien d’autre, pas même la date de leur martyre, n’est certain. Le culte de saint Gui, très populaire au Moyen Âge, se répandit surtout en Allemagne. Saint Gui, protecteur des épileptiques, fait partie des saints auxiliateurs, on l’invoque contre l’agitation nerveuse appelée chlorée ou danse de Saint-Gui. Il est aussi le patron des danseurs et des acteurs. Ses reliques, dispersées dans plus de cent cinquante localités passaient pour guérir les maladies nerveuses, et notamment l’épilepsie, appelée « danse de saint Guy » dans la majeure partie des langues d’Europe. Saint Guy est également le patron de la Poméranie, de la Saxe, de la Bohême, de la Basse-Saxe et de la Sicile. Son corps fut transporté à Prague pendant la guerre de Cent ans.
SOURCE : http://www.martyretsaint.com/guy/
Johann Georg Dominikus Grasmair (1691–17510.
Sankt Vitus. 1750, Fulpmes
Also known as
Guy
Veit
Vith
Vito
Profile
Legend says that Vitus was the son of a pagan Sicilian senator
named Hylas. The boy was converted to Christianity at
age twelve by his tutor, Saint Modestus,
and his nurse Saint Crescentia.
His father showed
his objection to the conversion by
having all three arrested and scourged.
Freed from prison by angels, they fled to
Lucania, then Rome.
There Vitus freed the son of Emperor Diocletian from
an evil spirit. When Vitus would not sacrifice to the pagan gods in
celebration, his cure was attributed to sorcery, and he and his household
were arrested again. Tortured,
and condemned to death,
they were thrown to the lions;
the lions would
not touch them, so they were thrown into boiling oil. At the moment of
their deaths,
a immense storm destroyed
several pagan temples
in the region, which led to the tradition of protection against stormy weather.
One of the Fourteen
Holy Helpers.
For obscure reasons, some 16th century Germans believed
they could obtain a year’s good health by dancing before
a statue of Saint Vitus
on his feast day.
This dancing developed
almost into a mania, and was confused with chorea, the nervous condition
later known as Saint Vitus’ Dance, the saint being
invoked against it. His connection with such “dancing” led to his patronage of dancers,
and later to entertainers in general and in particular.
When Vitus was thrown into the oil, a rooster was
thrown into the oil with him, sacrificed as part of the ritual against sorcery.
A rooster became a symbol for Vitus, and its connection with early rising led
to Vitus’s patronage and
protection against oversleeping.
boiled in oil c.303 in Lucania, Italy
—
—
—
in Italy
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MLA Citation
“Saint Vitus“. CatholicSaints.Info. 17 April
2021. Web. 17 June 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/saint-vitus/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-vitus/
Schwabach - City Church. Altar of Saint Vitus ( 1450 )
- Martyrdom of Saints Vitus, Modestus and Crescentia.
Schwabach - Stadtkirche. Veitsaltar ( 1450 ) -
Martyrium der heiligen Veit, Modestus und Crescentia.
Sts. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia
According to this legend Vitus was a boy seven years of age (other versions make him twelve years old), the son of a pagan senator of Lucania. During the era of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximilian, his father sought in every way, including various forms of torture, to make him apostatize. But he remained steadfast, and Godaided him in a wonderful manner. He fled with his tutor Modestus in a boat to Lucania. From Lucania he was taken to Rome to drive out a demon which had taken possession of a son of the Emperor Diocletian. This he did, and yet, because he remained steadfast in the Christian Faith, he was tortured together with his tutor Modestus and his nurse Crescentia. By a miracle an angel brought back the martyrs to Lucania, where they died from the tortures they had endured. Three days later Vitus appeared to a distinguished matron namedFlorentia, who then found the bodies and buried them in the spot where they were. It is evident that the author of the legend has connected in his invention three saints who apparently suffered death in Lucania, and were first venerated there. The veneration of the martyrs spread rapidly in Southern Italy and Sicily, as is shown by the note in the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum". Pope Gregory the Great mentions a monasterydedicated to Vitus in Sicily ("Epist.", I, xlviii, P.L., LXXXVII, 511). The veneration of Vitus, the chief saint of the group, also appeared very early at Rome. Pope Gelasius (492-496) mentions a shrine dedicated to him (Jaffé, "Reg. Rom. Pont.", 2nd ed., I, 6 79), and at Rome in the seventh century the chapel of a deaconry wasdedicated to him ("Liber Pont.", ed. Duchesne, I, 470 sq.). In the eighth century it is said that relics of St. Vitus were brought to the monastery of St-Denis by Abbot Fulrad. They were later presented to Abbot Warin ofCorvey in Germany, who solemnly transferred them to this abbey in 836. From Corvey the veneration of St. Vitus spread throughout Westphalia and in the districts of eastern and northern Germany. St. Vitus isappealed to, above all, against epilepsy, which is called St. Vitus's Dance, and he is one of the FourteenMartyrs who give aid in times of trouble. He is represented near a kettle of boiling oil, because according to the legend he was thrown into such a kettle, but escaped miraculously. The feast of the three saints wasadopted in the historical Martyrologies of the early Middle Ages and is also recorded in the present RomanMartyrology on 15 June.
Sources
Acta SS., June, II, 1021-1037; MOMBRITIUS, Sanctuarium, II,
349-351; (2nd ed.), II, 634-638; Catalogus codicum hagiograph., ed.
BOLLANDISTS (Brussels), I, 11-12, 54-56; Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script., II,
576-585; Historia translationis s. Viti, ed. STENTRUP (Munster,
1906); Bibliotheca hagiographica latina, II, 1257- 1259; Supplementum (2nd
ed.), 308-309; DUFOURCQ, Étude sur les gesta martyrum romains, II (Paris,
1907), 165-177; KESSEL, St. Veit, seine Geschichte, Verehrung und bildlichen
Darstellungen in Jahrbucher des Vereins fur Altertumsfreunde im Rheinlande,
XLIII (1867), 152-183; SCHILDGEN, St. Vitus und der slavische Swantovit in
ihrer Beziehung zu einander in Programme (Munster, 1881).
Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Sts. Vitus, Modestus,
and Crescentia." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New
York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 15 Jun. 2015 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15490b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Michael T. Barrett. Dedicated to the Roman martyrs.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October
1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal
Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2020 by Kevin Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
Schwabach - City Church. Altar of Saint Vitus ( 1450 )
- Martyrdom of Saints Vitus, Modestus and Crescentia.
Schwabach - Stadtkirche. Veitsaltar ( 1450 ) -
Martyrium der heiligen Veit, Modestus und Crescentia.
Rev. Alban Butler (1711–73). Volume VI: June. The Lives of the Saints. 1866.
Maisach, Kirchenstr. 12, St. Vitus: Empore. Das Gemälde links (Südseite) zeigt Vitus zusammen mit seinen Zieheltern (=Amme Crescentia und Erzieher Modestus) im Gefängnis, in das sie auf Veranlassung von Kaiser Diokletian geworfen wurden
Vitus, Modestus, & Crescentia MM (RM)
(Vitus also known as Guy, Veit, Guido)
Died c. 303. Unreliable legend has Vitus, the only son of Hylas, a senator in Sicily, become a Christian when he was very young-- between the ages of seven and 12--by the influence of the servants who tended him. His Christian tutor, Modestus, and his nurse, Crescentia (wife of Modestus), accompanied him on his journeys throughout Sicily. When his conversions and miracles became widely known to the administrator of Sicily, Valerian, he had Vitus brought before him to shake his faith. (Another version says that his incensed father gave him up to Valerian.) He was unsuccessful, but Vitus with his tutor and nurse fled to Lucania and then to Rome, where he exorcised Emperor Diocletian's son of an evil spirit.
When Vitus would not sacrifice to the gods his cure was attributed to sorcery. He, Modestus, and Crescentia were subjected to various tortures, including a cauldron of molten lead, from which they emerged unscathed. For example, when throw into the den of a hungry lion, the beast merely licked Vitus affectionately. One version says that the tormentors gave up and freed the trio when during a storm temples were destroyed and an angel guided them back to Lucania, where they eventually died.
The facts are that their cultus is ancient. We are not really even certain about when they lived, although most place their martyrdom at the time of Diocletian. There is even some confusion about the site of their martyrdom. It appears that they may be two separate groups: Vitus alone in Lucania (whose cultus is the oldest), and Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia in Sicily.
The Vitus who is alone is celebrated in the Gelasian Sacramentary and an early South Italian Book of the Gospels, which assigns to his feast a pericope of the cure from demonic possession and sickness. The Martyrology of Bede and the Old English Martyrology also list Vitus by himself. There is an ancient church dedicated to him on the Esquiline Hill of Rome. Vitus's relics were moved to Saint-Denis in Paris. A great devotion to Vitus developed in Germany when his relics were translated to Corvey Abbey in Saxony in 836. Most of the medieval abbeys in England celebrated Vitus and Modestus without Crescentia, but five who followed the Sarum Rite added her name.
Saint Vitus is one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, who, as a group, are especially venerated in France and Germany. The Holy Helpers were believed to possess especially efficacious intercessory power. The relics of Vitus are said to possess many healing properties, especially when epileptics prayed before them (Attwater, Benedictines, Bentley, Delaney, Encyclopedia, Farmer, Husenbeth, Sheppard, White).
In art, Saint Vitus is depicted as a boy with a rooster and a cauldron. At times he may be shown (1) with his Modestus and Crescentia as they refuse to worship idols; (2) being put into an oven; (3) with a palm and cauldron; (4) with a palm and dog; (5) with a chalice and dog; (6) with sword and dog; (7) with a sword and rooster; (8) with a book and rooster; (9) with a wolf or lion; or (10) as a young prince with a palm and sceptre (Roeder).
Saint Vitus is the patron of Prague, dogs, domestic animals, young people, dancers, coppersmiths, actors, comedians, and mummers. He is invoked against epilepsy, lightning, poisoning by dog or snake bite, sleeplessness, snakebite, storm, and Saint Vitus Dance (Sydenham's chorea, a nervous disorder) (Bentley, Roeder).
Katholische Pfarrkirche St. Vitus in Maisach im
Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck (Bayern/Deutschland), Gemälde an der
Emporenbrüstung; die Witwe Florentia bestattet den heiligen Vitus und seine
Zieheltern Crescentia und Modestus
Golden Legend – Lives of Saints
Vitus and Modestus
Here follow the Lives of Saints Vitus and Modestus,
and first the interpretation of their names.
Modestus is as much to say as attemperate which is one
of the cardinal virtues, and two extremities go round
about every virtue, and the virtue abideth in the midst. And the extremities of
wisdom be treachery and folly; the extremities of attemperance be the
accomplishment of all fleshly desires, and to do after his will; the
extremities of strength be feeble courage and folly; and the extremities of
justice be cruelty and default. And therefore Modestus was attemperate by means
of virtues that were in him. Vitus is said of vita, that is, life. Saint
Austin, in libro de Trinitate deviseth of three manners of life, that is the
life doing, that appertaineth to active life; a life idle that appertaineth to
idleness; and a life spiritual which appertaineth to life contemplative, and
this great manner of living was in him. Or Vitus is as much to say as virtue or
right virtuous.
Of Saint Vitus and Saint Modestus.
Saint Vitus was a child much noble that suffered
martyrdom in the age of twelve years. His father beat him oft, because he
despised the idols, but neither for beating ne smiting he would never worship
them. When Valerian the provost of Lucca heard say hereof, he made him to come
tofore him, and when Saint Vitus would not do sacrifice for him ne for his
words, he did do beat him with great staves. But the hands of them that beat
him became dry and the hands of the provost also, in such wise that they might
not bewield them. Then said the provost: Alas! alas! I have lost mine hands.
Then said to him the child Vitus: Call thy gods and pray them that they help
thee if they may. Then said the provost: Mayst thou heal me? The child
answered: I may well heal thee in the name of my Lord Jesu Christ, and anon he
made his prayer and healed him. Then said the provost to his father: Chastise
thy son, to the end that he die not an evil death. Then his father brought him
again to his own house, and made come to him harps, pipes and all manner
instruments that he might have, and after did do come maidens for to play with
him, and made him to have all manner of delights that he might get, to mollify
and change his heart. And when he had been shut and enclosed in a chamber one
day, there issued a marvellous odour and sweet savour, whereof his father and
the meiny marvelled, and when the father looked in to the chamber, he saw two
angels sitting by his son, and then said he: The gods be come into mine house,
and anon after these words he was blind. Then assembled all the city of Lucca
at the cry of the father, and the provost Valerian came also, and demanded what
it was that was happed to him. And he said to him: I have seen in my house the
gods all so shining and bright as fire, and because I might not suffer the clearness,
I am become blind. Then led they him to the temple of Jove and promised unto
him a bull, with horns of gold, for to have again his sight. But when he saw it
availed him nothing, he required his son that he would pray for him, and anon
he made his prayer unto God, and anon he was all whole. Yet for all that he
would not believe in God, but thought how he might put his son to death. Then
appeared the angel to a servant that kept him, whose name was Modestus, and
said to him: Take this child and lead him unto a strange land. And anon he
found a ship ready and entered therein, and so went out of the country. An
angel brought meat to them, and he did many miracles in the country where he
was.
Now it happed that Diocletian, son of the emperor, had
a wicked spirit in his body, and said openly that he would not go out till the
child of Lucca named Vitus was come. Anon he sought all about the country, and
after, when he was found, he was brought to the emperor. Then he demanded if he
might heal his son; he answered: I shall not heal him, but our Lord shall. And
anon he laid his hand on him and he was all whole, so that the devil left him.
Then said Diocletian: My child, take counsel in thy works and do sacrifice unto
our gods to the end that thou die not an evil death. And Vitus answered that he
would never do sacrifice to their gods, and anon he was taken and put into
prison with Modestus his servant, and they laid mill-stones upon their bodies.
And anon the mill-stones fell off, and the prison began to shine of great
light. And when it was told to the emperor they were taken out of prison, and
after, Saint Vitus was cast in to a fire burning, but by the might of God he
issued out whole and safe without suffering of any harm. Then was there brought
a terrible lion for to devour him, but anon by the virtue of the faith he
became meek and debonair. After, the emperor made him to be hanged on a gibbet
with Modestus and Crescentia his nurse, which always followed him. Then anon
the air began to trouble and thunder, the earth to tremble, the temples of the
idols to fall down and slew many. The emperor was afeard and smote himself on
the breast with his fist saying: Alas ! alas ! a child hath overcome me. Then
came an angel that unbound them and they found themselves by a river, and there
resting and praying rendered their souls unto our Lord God, whose bodies were
kept of eagles, and afterward, by the revelation of Saint Vitus, a noble lady
named Florentia took the bodies and buried them worshipfully. They suffered
martyrdom under Diocletian about the year of our Lord two hundred and
eighty-seven.
It happed afterward that a gentleman of France bare
away the heads and put them in a church which is a mile from Lusarches, named
Fosses, and closed them in a wall unto the time that he might set them more
honourably. But he died ere he might perform it, so that the heads were there
whereas no man living knew where they were. It happed so after, that there was
certain work in that church, and when the wall was broken where the heads lay
and were discovered, the bells of that church began to sound by themselves. Then
assembled the people to the church and found a writing which devised how they
had been brought thither, and then they were laid more honourably and set, than
they were tofore; and there then were showed many miracles. Then let us pray to
these glorious saints that it may please them to pray to God for us in such wise
that we may by their merits and prayers come to the glory of heaven, to which
bring us the Father and Son and Holy Ghost. Amen.
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/golden-legend-lives-of-saints-vitus-and-modestus/
Krems ( Lower Austria ). Saint Vitus parish church:
High altar ( 1735 ) by Joseph Matthias Götz - Altar painting "Martyrdom of
Saint Vitus" ( 1734 ) by Johann Georg Schmidt.
Krems ( Niederösterreich ).Kath. Pfarrkirche, hl.
Veit: Hochaltar ( 1735 ) von Joseph Matthias Götz - Altarbild "Martyrium
des heiligen Veit" von Johann Georg Schmidt.
Legends of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
– Saint Vitus, Martyr
Saint Vitus belonged to a noble pagan family of
Sicily, and was born about the year 291, at Mazurra. His father, Hylas, placed
him in early childhood in charge of a Christian couple named Modestus and
Crescentia, who raised him in the Christian faith, and had him baptized. He
grew in years and in virtue, till, at the age of twelve, he was claimed by his
father, who, to his great anger, found him a fervent Christian. Convinced,
after many unsuccessful attempts, that stripes and other chastisements would
not induce him to renounce the Faith, his father delivered the brave boy up to
Valerian, the governor, who in vain employed every artifice to shake his
constancy. Finally he commanded Vitus to be scourged, but when two soldiers
were about to execute this order their hands and those of Valerian were
suddenly lamed. The governor ascribed this to sorcery, yet he invoked Vitus’
help, and behold, when the Christian boy made the sign of the cross over the
lamed members, they were healed. Then Valerian sent him back to his father,
telling him to leave no means untried to induce his son to sacrifice to the idols.
Hylas now tried blandishments, pleasures, and
amusements to influence the brave boy. He even sent a corrupt woman to tempt
him, and for that purpose locked them both together in one room. But Vitus, who
had remained firm amid tortures, resisted also the allurements of sensuality.
Closing his eyes, he knelt in prayer, and behold, an angel appeared, filling
the room with heavenly splendor, and stood at the youth’s side. Terrified, the
woman fled. But even this miracle did not change the obstinate father.
Finally Vitus escaped, and with Modestus and
Crescentia fled to Italy. They landed safe in Naples, and there proclaimed
Christ wherever they had an opportunity. Their fervor and many miracles which
they wrought attracted the attention of Emperor Diocletian to them. He ordered
them to be brought before his tribunal, which being done, he at first treated
them kindly, employing blandishments and making promises to induce them to
renounce Christ. When this had no effect, they were cruelly tormented, but with
no other result than confirming them in their constancy. Enraged, the emperor
condemned them to be thrown to the wild beasts. But the lions and tigers forgot
their ferocity and cowered at their feet. Now Diocletian, whose fury knew no
bounds, ordered them to be cast into a caldron of molten lead and boiling
pitch. They prayed, “O God, deliver us through the power of Thy name!” and
behold, they remained unharmed. Then the emperor condemned them to the rack, on
which they expired, in the year 303.
Lesson
The heroic spirit of martyrdom exhibited by Saint
Vitus was owing to the early impressions of piety which he received through the
teaching and example of his virtuous foster-parents. The choice of teachers,
nurses, and servants who have the care of children is of the greatest
importance on account of the influence they exert on them. The pagan Romans
were most solicitous that no slave whose speech was not perfectly elegant and
graceful should have access to children. Shall a Christian be less careful as
to their virtue? It is a fatal mistake to imagine that children are too young
to be infected with the contagion of vice. No age is more impressionable than
childhood; no one observes more closely than the young, and nothing is so
easily acquired by them as a spirit of vanity, pride, revenge, obstinacy,
sloth, etc., and nothing is harder to overcome. What a happiness for a child to
be formed to virtue from infancy, and to be instilled from a tender age with
the spirit of piety, simplicity, meekness, and mercy! Such a foundation being
well laid, the soul will easily, and sometimes without experiencing severe
conflicts, rise to the height of Christian perfection.
Prayer of the Church
We beseech Thee, O Lord, to graciously grant us
through the intercession of Thy blessed martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and
Crescentia, that we may not proudly exalt ourselves, but serve Thee in humility
and simplicity, so as to avoid evil and to do right for Thy sake. Through
Christ our Lord. Amen.
– from Legends of the
Fourteen Holy Helpers by Father Bonaventure Hammer, 1908
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/legends-of-the-fourteen-holy-helpers-saint-vitus-martyr/
Meister der Veitslegende (fl. 1480 circa).
Der hl. Veit entsagt den Freuden der Welt , tra il 1470 e il 1480 circa, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Österreichische Galerie
Belvedere
Pictorial
Lives of the Saints – Saints Vitus, Crescentia and Modestus, Martyrs
Article
Vitus was a child nobly born, who had the happiness to
be instructed in the faith, and inspired with the most perfect sentiments of
his religion, by his Christian nurse, named Crescentia, and her faithful
husband, Modestus. His father, Hylas, was extremely incensed when he discovered
the child’s invincible aversion to idolatry; and finding him not to be overcome
by stripes and such like chastisements, he delivered him up to Valerian, the
governor, who in vain tried all his arts to work him into compliance with his
father’s will and the emperor’s edicts. He escaped out of their hands, and,
together with Crescentia and Modestus, fled into Italy. They there met with the
crown of martyrdom in Lucania, in the persecution of Diocletian. The heroic
spirit of martyrdom which we admire in Saint Vitus was owing to the early
impressions of piety which he received from the lessons and example of a
virtuous nurse. Of such infinite importance is the choice of virtuous
preceptors, nurses, and servants about children.
Reflection – What happiness for an infant to be formed
naturally to all virtue, and for the spirit of simplicity, meekness, goodness,
and piety to be moulded in its tender frame! Such a foundation being well laid,
further graces are abundantly communicated, and a soul improves daily these
seeds, and rises to the height of Christian virtue often without experiencing
severe conflicts of the passions.
MLA Citation
John Dawson Gilmary Shea. “Saints Vitus, Crescentia
and Modestus, Martyrs”. Pictorial Lives of the
Saints, 1889. CatholicSaints.Info.
25 May 2014. Web. 17 June 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/pictorial-lives-of-the-saints-saints-vitus-crescentia-and-modestus-martyrs/>
Schwabach - City Church. Altar of Saint Sebastian (
1490 ) with closed wings showing the Fourteen Holy Helpers - Saints Eustace,
Christopher, Sebastian and Vitus.
Schwabach - Stadtkirche. Sebastiansaltar ( 1490 ) mit geschlossenen Flügeln: 14 Nothelfer - Heilige Eustachius, Christopherus, Sebastian und Veit,
Short Lives of the Saints – Saints
Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, Martyrs
Saint Vitus was the son of noble Sicilian parents who
were heathens; but the child having been committed to the care of a Christian
nurse named Crescentia, she, together with her husband Modestus (who was also
secretly a Christian), instructed the little Vitus in the faith and had him
baptized. At twelve years of age the boy openly professed himself a Christian.
His noble father was indignant, as was likewise the governor of the island,
Valerian. Vitus was beaten and shut up in a dungeon; and the persecutions of
his father still continuing, the youth fled with his nurse and Modestus, and
crossed the sea to Italy. But soon after their arrival, they were all three
accused before the satellites of the emperor Diocletian, and received the crown
of martyrdom.
At His will and bountiful decree,
From low, obscurest things,
In everlasting truth and harmony,
Celestial beauty springs.
– Father Caswall
Favorite Practice – To secure the purest
influences in the nurseries of young children.
MLA Citation
Eleanor Cecilia Donnelly. “Saints Vitus, Modestus, and
Crescentia, Martyrs”. Short
Lives of the Saints, 1910. CatholicSaints.Info.
17 April 2021. Web. 17 June 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/short-lives-of-the-saints-saints-vitus-modestus-and-crescentia-martyrs/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/short-lives-of-the-saints-saints-vitus-modestus-and-crescentia-martyrs/
St. Vitus, Modestus und Kreszenzia (Steinekirch)
Vitusstraße 4, Steinekirch, Zusmarshausen; Katholische
Pfarrkirche St. Vitus, Saalbau mit gotischem Fries, eingezogenem Chor,
nördlichem Turm mit Zwiebelhaube und östlich an den Chor angebauter
Ölbergkapelle von um 1790, spätgotischer Bau des späten 15. Jahrhunderts,
barocker Ausbau 1760, Turmuntergeschosse 13./14. Jahrhundert; mit Ausstattung;
Friedhofsmauer.
Vitusstrasse 4, Steinekirch, Zusmarshausen; Église
paroissiale catholique Saint-Guy, halle à frise gothique, choeur escamoté, tour
nord à bulbe et chapelle du Mont des Oliviers vers 1790 rattachée au choeur à
l'est, édifice gothique tardif de la fin du XVe siècle, extension baroque en
1760 , étages inférieurs de la tour 13e/14e. Siècle; avec équipement; Mur du
cimetière.
formerly 15 June
removed from the calendar and cultus suppressed
in 1969
Profile
Married to Saint Crescentia
of Lucania. Tutor of Saint Vitus;
he and Crescentia converted the boy to Christianity. Vitus‘s pagan father had
him arrested and scourged.
Freed from prison by
an angel,
he travelled with Vitus and Crescentia to Lucania and Rome, Italy. Martyr.
Modern scholarship indicates that Modestus is probably
a fiction added to the story of Vitus.
He was removed from the calendar and cultus suppressed in the calendar reform
of 1969.
boiled
in oil c.303 in Lucania, Italy
Additional Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
Short
Lives of the Saints, by Eleanor Cecilia Donnelly
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other sites in english
fonti in italiano
nettsteder i norsk
MLA Citation
“Saint Modestus of Lucania“. CatholicSaints.Info.
17 April 2021. Web. 17 June 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-modestus-of-lucania/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-modestus-of-lucania/
formerly 15 June
10
March (translation of relics)
removed from the calendar and cultus suppressed
in 1969
Profile
Married to Saint Modestus.
Nurse of Saint Vitus;
she and Modestus converted the boy to Christianity. Vitus‘s pagan father had
him arrested and scourged.
Freed from prison by
an angel,
she travelled with Vitus and Modestus to Lucania and Rome in Italy. Martyr.
boiled
in oil c.303 in Lucania, Italy
Additional Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
Short
Lives of the Saints, by Eleanor Cecilia Donnelly
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other sites in english
images
fonti in italiano
MLA Citation
“Saint Crescentia of Lucania“. CatholicSaints.Info.
17 April 2021. Web. 17 June 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-crescentia-of-lucania/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-crescentia-of-lucania/
Il culto per s. Vito è attestato dalla fine del V secolo, ma le notizie sulla sua vita sono poche e scarsamente attendibili. Alcuni antichi testi lo dicono lucano, ma la ‘Passio’ leggendaria del VII secolo, lo dice siciliano; nato secondo la tradizione a Mazara del Vallo in una ricca famiglia, rimasto orfano della madre, fu affidato ad una nutrice Crescenzia e poi al pedagogo Modesto, che essendo cristiani lo convertirono alla loro fede.
Aveva sui sette anni, quando cominciò a fare prodigi e quando nel 303 scoppiò in tutto l’impero romano, la persecuzione di Diocleziano contro i cristiani, Vito era già molto noto nella zona di Mazara.
Il padre non riuscendo a farlo abiurare, si crede che fosse ormai un’adolescente, lo denunziò al preside Valeriano, che ordinò di arrestarlo; che un padre convinto pagano, facesse arrestare un suo figlio o figlia divenuto cristiano, pur sapendo delle torture e morte a cui sarebbe andato incontro, è figura molto comune nei Martirologi dell’età delle persecuzioni, che come si sa, sotto vari titoli furono scritti secoli dopo e con l’enfasi della leggenda eroica.
Il preside Valeriano con minacce e lusinghe, tentò di farlo abiurare, anche con l’aiuto degli accorati appelli del padre, ma senza riuscirci; il ragazzo aveva come sostegno, con il loro esempio di coraggio e fedeltà a Cristo, la nutrice Crescenzia e il maestro Modesto, anche loro arrestati.
Visto l’inutilità dell’arresto, il preside lo rimandò a casa, allora il padre tentò di farlo sedurre da alcune donne compiacenti, ma Vito fu incorruttibile e quando Valeriano stava per farlo arrestare di nuovo, un angelo apparve a Modesto, ordinandogli di partire su una barca con il ragazzo e la nutrice.
Durante il viaggio per mare, un’aquila portò loro acqua e cibo, finché sbarcarono alla foce del Sele sulle coste del Cilento, inoltrandosi poi in Lucania (antico nome della Basilicata, ripristinato anche dal 1932 al 1945).
Vito continuò ad operare miracoli tanto da essere considerato un vero e proprio taumaturgo, testimoniando insieme ai due suoi accompagnatori, la sua fede con la parola e con i prodigi, finché non venne rintracciato dai soldati di Diocleziano, che lo condussero a Roma dall’imperatore, il quale saputo della fama di guaritore del ragazzo, l’aveva fatto cercare per mostrargli il figlio coetaneo di Vito, ammalato di epilessia, malattia che all’epoca era molto impressionante, tale da considerare l’ammalato un indemoniato.
Vito guarì il ragazzo e come ricompensa Diocleziano ordinò di torturarlo, perché si rifiutò di sacrificare agli dei; qui si inserisce la parte leggendaria della ‘Passio’ che poi non è dissimile nella sostanza, da quelle di altri martiri del tempo.
Venne immerso in un calderone di pece bollente, da cui ne uscì illeso; poi lo gettarono fra i leoni che invece di assalirlo, diventarono improvvisamente mansueti e gli leccarono i piedi. Continua la leggenda, che i torturatori non si arresero e appesero Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia ad un cavalletto, ma mentre le loro ossa venivano straziate, la terra cominciò a tremare e gli idoli caddero a terra; lo stesso Diocleziano fuggì spaventato.
Comparvero degli angeli che li liberarono e trasportarono presso il fiume Sele allora in Lucania, oggi dopo le definizioni territoriali successive, scorre in Campania, dove essi ormai sfiniti dalle torture subite, morirono il 15 giugno 303; non si è riusciti a definire bene l’età di Vito quando morì, alcuni studiosi dicono 12 anni, altri 15 e altri 17.
Purtroppo bisogna dire che il martirio in Lucania è l’unica notizia attendibile su s. Vito, mentre per tutto il resto si finisce nella leggenda. Il suo culto si diffuse in tutta la Cristianità, colpiva soprattutto la giovane età del martire e le sue doti taumaturgiche, è invocato contro l’epilessia e la corea, che è una malattia nervosa che dà movimenti incontrollabili, per questo è detta pure “ballo di san Vito”; poi è invocato contro il bisogno eccessivo di sonno e la catalessi, ma anche contro l’insonnia ed i morsi dei cani rabbiosi e l’ossessione demoniaca.
Protegge i muti, i sordi e singolarmente anche i ballerini, per la somiglianza nella gestualità agli epilettici. Per il grande calderone in cui fu immerso, è anche patrono dei calderai, ramai e bottai.
Secondo una versione tedesca della leggenda, nel 756 l’abate Fulrad di Saint-Denis, avrebbe fatto trasportare le reliquie di san Vito nel suo monastero di Parigi; poi nell’836 l’abate Ilduino le avrebbe donate al monastero di Korway nel Weser, che divenne un centro importante nel Medioevo, della devozione del giovane martire.
Durante la guerra dei Trent’anni (1618-48), le reliquie scomparvero da Korwey e raggiunsero nella stessa epoca Praga in Boemia, dove la cattedrale costruita nel X secolo, era dedicata al santo; a lui è consacrata una splendida cappella.
Bisogna dire che delle reliquie di san Vito, è piena l’Europa; circa 150 cittadine, vantano di possedere sue reliquie o frammenti, compreso Mazara del Vallo, che conserva un braccio, un osso della gamba e altri più piccoli.
Nella città ritenuta suo luogo di nascita, san Vito è festeggiato ogni anno con una solenne e tipica processione, che si svolge fra la terza e la quarta domenica d’agosto. Il “fistinu” in onore del santo patrono, ricorda la traslazione delle suddette reliquie, avvenuta nel 1742 ad opera del vescovo Giuseppe Stella.
La processione, indicata come la più mattiniera d’Italia, inizia alle quattro del mattino, con il trasporto della statua d’argento del santo, posta sul Carro trionfale, trainato a braccia dai pescatori, fino alla chiesetta di San Vito a Mare, accompagnato da una suggestiva fiaccolata e da fuochi d’artificio; da questo luogo si crede sia partito con la barca per sfuggire al padre e al preside Valeriano.
Una seconda processione è quella celebre storica-ideale a quadri viventi, è una serie di carri, su cui sono rappresentate da fedeli con gli abiti dell’epoca, scene della sua vita e del suo martirio, chiude la processione il già citato carro trionfale.
“U fistinu” si conclude nell’ultima domenica d’agosto, con un’ultima processione del carro trionfale diretto al porto-canale e da lì il simulacro di s. Vito, viene issato su uno dei pescherecci e seguito da un centinaio di altri pescherecci e barche, giunge fino all’altezza della Chiesetta di S. Vito al Mare, per ritornare infine al porto.
A Roma esiste la chiesa dei santi Vito e Modesto, dove in un affresco oltre il giovanetto, compaiono anche Modesto con il mantello da maestro e Crescenzia in aspetto matronale con il velo.
Nell’area germanica s. Vito è rappresentato come un ragazzo sporgente da un grosso paiolo, con il fuoco acceso sotto.
Il santuario in cui è venerato nell’allora Lucania, oggi nel Comune di Eboli in Campania, denominato S. Vito al Sele, era detto “Alecterius Locus” cioè “luogo del gallo bianco”; nella vicina città di Capaccio, nella chiesa di S. Pietro, è custodita una reliquia del santo, mentre nella frazione Capaccio Scalo, è sorta un’altra chiesa parrocchiale dedicata anch’essa a S. Vito; la diocesi di questi Comuni in cui il culto di S. Vito è così forte, perché qui morì con i suoi compagni di martirio, si chiama tuttora Vallo della Lucania, pur essendo in provincia di Salerno.
Il santo è anche patrono di Recanati e nella sola Italia, ben 11 Comuni portano il suo nome.
Autore: Antonio Borrelli
Andalo (Trentino), chiesa dei Santi Vito, Modesto e
Crescenzia
Andalo (Trentino, Italy), Saints Vitus, Modestus and
Crescentia church
Crescenzia = accresce (la famiglia)
Una primitiva forma di culto nacque inizialmente solo per Vito, citato senza i due compagni nel Martirologio Geronimiano, nei martirologi di San Beda il Venerabile e nell’Antico Martirologio inglese. Solo in un secondo momento gli furono accostate le misteriose figure di Modesto e Crescenzia, con i quali pare abbia condiviso il martirio bollendo in un pentolone, leggenda ripresa da una vasta iconografia tradizionale. La presenza di Vito tra i Quattordici Santi Ausiliatori ha favorito la diffusione nell’intera Europa del culto di Modesto e Crescenzia, fattore ancora oggi riscontrabile nelle numerose chiese dedicate non solo al giovane martire, ma denominate invece Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia. Sarebbe quasi impossibile elencare le numerose località che si contendono la presenza delle reliquie dei tre martiri, come spesso accade per i santi di quel periodo, e che li hanno conseguentemente eletti quali loro celesti patroni.
Autore: Fabio Arduino
Den hellige Vitus (~293 (298?) - ~305)
Minnedag: 15.
juni
Skytshelgen for Sicilia, Bøhmen, Pommern, Sachsen,
Niedersachsen, Rügen; for Praha, Corvey, Mönchengladbach, Höxter, Ellwangen,
Krems; for de saksiske keiserne; for apotekere, vindyrkere, ølbryggere,
gjestgivere, bergverksarbeidere, smeder, kobbersmeder, dansere, skuespillere,
komikere; for kilder; for hunder og husdyr og fugler; for ungdom, for bevaring
av kyskhet, mot ufruktbarhet; for de stumme, de døve og de blinde; beskytter
mot gale hunder, slanger og andre angripende dyr; mot slangebitt, hundegalskap,
epilepsi, besettelse, sinnsbevegelse, hysteri og kramper; mot øye- og
ørelidelser; mot sengevæting; mot lyn og storm og brannfare; for en god såing
og en god avling. En av de 14 nødhjelperne
Sammen med de hellige Modestus og Crescentia
Den hellige Vitus (Veit, Guy) er blitt æret fra de
tidligste kristne tider, men hans autentiske historie har ikke overlevd. Han
led trolig martyrdøden i Lucania i det sørlige Italia. Hans legende, som er et
sent og fantasifullt verk, forbinder ham med Sicilia.
Den hellige Vitus var sønn av hedenske foreldre, hans
mor het Evescentia og hans far var siciliansk senator. Han var født på
sørvestkysten av Sicilia og fikk en kristen oppdragelse av sin barnepike
Crescentia og hennes mann Modestus, som var Vitus' lærer. Da faren fikk høre
dette, ville han tvinge sønnen til å oppgi kristendommen. Men den 12-årige
gutten var standhaftig og holdt fast ved sin tro. Da overleverte den grusomme
faren sønnen til guvernøren på Sicilia, bøddelen Valerian, som ville slå Vitus til
han føyde seg. Men Vitus fikk da den nådegave å utføre undere. Da bøddelen
løftet armen med pisken, ble den lammet. Men Vitus helbredet den med bønn.
Faren sperret sønnen inne, og kikket inn til ham
gjennom en spalte. Der fikk han se gutten sammen med to engler, og lyset fra
dem blindet ham. Samtidig viste en engel seg for Modestus og befalte ham å ta
med gutten til et fremmed land, og sammen med Crescentia dro de til Lucania i
Sør-Italia. Der prekte gutten om Kristus for hedningene og gjorde mange undre.
En ørn brakte ham daglig brød.
Så ble sønnen til keiser Diokletian i Roma syk av
epilepsi, man mente han var besatt av en ond ånd. Da keiseren hørte om undrene
i Lucana, sendte han bud på Vitus. Da denne la hånden på keisersønnens hode i
Herrens navn, fór den onde ånden ut. Men i stedet for takk forlangte keiseren
at gutten skulle avsverge sin tro og tilbe de hedenske gudene, men gutten var
like fast overfor keiseren som han hadde vært overfor faren så han og Modestus
ble kastet i fengsel.
Vitus ble kastet i en kjele med kokende bek sammen med
barnepiken og læreren uten at det skadet dem; så ble de kastet for løvene, men
de slikket deres føtter og rørte dem ikke. Gutten ble lagt på pinebenken, og da
han skrek ut i smerte: "Herre, frels meg!" kom det torden og lyn,
jorden rystet og avgudsbildene ble knust. Da ble de tre halshogd, og ned fra
himmelen steg en Herrens engel og førte deres sjeler med seg til paradis. Dette
skjedde i år 305. Flere ørner skal i følge legenden ha voktet deres legemer
inntil en kristen kvinne fikk gravlagt dem.
En annen versjon av legenden lar dem slippe uskadd fra
torturen og bli befridd fra fangenskapet under den voldsomme stormen. Under
dekke av den førte en engel dem tilbake til Lucania, hvor de døde.
Legenden finnes i flere varianter; i noen av dem tar
moren Crescentias plass. Mye tyder på at legenden er en sammenblanding av to:
Vitus (alene) i Lucania og Vitus, Modestus og Crescentia på Sicilia. Vitus'
alder varierer mellom sju og fjorten år. Det som synes sikkert er at kulten for
Vitus alene er den eldste, som i Hieronymus'
martyrologium, Gelasius' sakramentarium og i en tidlig sør-italiensk
evangeliebok. I sistnevnte knyttes hans fest til en passasje fra evangeliet som
handler om kurering av demonbesettelse og sykdom. En gammel kirke på
Esquilin-høyden i Roma var viet til ham. Beda den Ærverdiges
martyrologium og det gammelengelske martyrologiet nevner begge Vitus alene.
Hans formodede relikvier ble overført til klosteret
Saint-Denis i 756. Derfra ble de overført til klosteret Corvey ved Weser i
Westfalen i 836. På samme måte som i Italia ble Vitus deretter særlig feiret i
Tyskland. Den hellige hertug Venceslas av Bøhmen fikk
en av helgenens armer, og for den bygde han en kirke. Fra den oppsto dagens
mektige og berømte St. Veits-katedralen, et praktfullt gotisk byggverk på
slottshøyden i Praha. I 1355 førte keiser Karl IV flere relikvier til Praha fra
Pavia, uten at man kunne garantere ektheten. Under Trettiårskrigen ble resten
av Vitus-relikviene brakt fra Corvey til Praha, slik at man i Praha var stolte
over å ha Vitus' grav. Men det er i alt 150 steder som hevder å ha relikvier av
Vitus.
Kirker har blitt viet til Vitus siden 400-tallet, og i
hundrevis av kirker og kapeller valgte man ham som skytshelgen. Han hadde mer
enn 34 patronater, fra apotekere og bryggere til de stumme, de døve og de
blinde samt de som var bitt av gale hunder og slanger. I Tyskland ble Vitus på
1300-tallet opptatt som en av de fjorten
nødhjelperne, og han ble særlig anropt av unge mennesker og barn. Hans
voldsomme popularitet skyldtes nok delvis at han ble henrettet så ung. Han var
spesielt populær fra middelalderen til og med barokktiden. Også i diktningen er
hans liv og død hyppig skildret.
I middelalderen valfartet epileptikere og de som led av
nervesykdommen sancti Viti, eller sanktveitsdans (chorea) til hans kapell nær
Strasbourg. I Rhinland og Italia var sykdommen epidemisk i middelalderen, men
folk trodde at de syke var smittet av edderkoppen Tarantella.
"Dansemanien" som opptrådte i middelalderske epidemier, kan ha vært
en form for massehysteri; men forgiftning fra rabies, slangebitt, insektstikk
eller matforgiftning kunne gi lignende symptomer. Via sykdomsnavnet St.
Veitsdans ble Vitus også skytshelgen for dansere, skuespillere og komikere.
Hans minnedag er 15. juni. Hans navn står i
Martyrologium Romanum sammen med de hellige Modestus og Crescentia. Siden 1969
er Vitus' kult henvist til lokale kalendere, mens Modestus og Crescentia nå
regnes som oppdiktede personer.
Hans attributt er en kjele med kokende bek,
martyrpalme, sverd, bok, brød, ørn, hane, løve eller hund. Hanen har han fra
den fortrengte slaviske lysguden Svantivit, og hunden skyldes hans patronat som
beskytter mot gale hunder og andre angripende dyr. Vitus fremstilles som en gutt
i fornemme klær. Med henvisning til hans patronat for det saksiske kongehuset
fremstilles han også med herskerattributter. Men oftest fremstilles hans
martyrium.