Saints Gervais et Protais
Martyrs à Milan (2ème s.)
On ne sait d'eux que le fait que saint Ambroise, évêque de Milan, les retrouva, en 386, enterrés côte à côte.
Saint Ambroise affirma qu'ils avaient été martyrs par fidélité à leur baptême. Il ajoutait même "Ils sont d'une taille prodigieuse, tels qu'on l'était dans les temps anciens."
Leur culte gagna la Gaule où un grand nombre d'églises leur furent consacrées.
Lire aussi: La légende dorée de Jacques de Voragine, saint Gervais et saint Protais (site de l'abbaye Saint Benoît)
À Milan, commémoraison des saints martyrs Gervais et Protais. Saint Ambroise découvrit leurs corps et les fit porter en grande fête en ce jour, en 386, dans la nouvelle basilique qu’il avait construite.
Martyrologe romain
Saints Gervais et Protais, martyrs
Ces deux martyrs milanais sont entrés dès l’antiquité dans le calendrier de Rome en raison des circonstances extraordinaires et des miracles qui accompagnèrent la découverte de leurs corps par St Ambroise en 386. L’ajout de la fête de Ste Julienne le même jour a effacé le culte de ces martyrs célèbres dans tout l’occident au Moyen-Âge (de nombreuses églises en France leur sont consacrées).
Le récit de l’invention des corps des martyrs Gervais et Protais à Milan par saint Ambroise le 17 juin 386 et de leur déposition le surlendemain sous l’autel de la basilique ambrosienne constitue l’une des pages les plus célèbres de la littérature hagiographique. Après la mise à jour de leur tombeau en 1865, l’ouverture en 1871 de la cuve de porphyre qui contenait leurs restes et ceux de saint Ambroise confirma l’assertion de ce dernier sur la taille athlétique des deux martyrs [1]. Leur culte se répandit très tôt. Dès le début du 5e siècle, ils étaient honorés à Rome dans le titulus Vestinae, le dernier en date des tituli romains, qui fut érigé par le pape Innocent Ier (401-417). La basilique doit être antérieure à 410, date de la prise de Rome par Alaric [2]. Les sources liturgiques du 7e siècle annoncent saints Protais et Gervais ou Gervais et Protais, Leur culte est constamment attesté à Rome depuis lors, bien que la basilique soit passée sous le vocable de saint Vital, dont la légende a fait leur père. C’est pourquoi le capitulaire du 9e siècle précise qu’on célèbre les saints Gervais et Protais ad sanctum Vitalem [3].
[1] D.A.C.L. tome 1er, col. 1462. Selon le procès-verbal, les deux martyrs faisaient l’un 1 m 80 et l’autre 1 m 85 de hauteur, tandis que saint Ambroise ne mesurait que 1 m 62.
[2] L. Duchesne, Le Liber Pontiflcalis, l.c. tome 1er p. 220.
[3] Cf. Pierre Jounel, Le Culte des Saints dans les Basiliques du Latran et du Vatican au douzième siècle, École Française de Rome, Palais Farnèse, 1977.
Leçon des Matines avant 1960
Neuvième leçon. Gervais et Protais étaient fils de Vital et de Valérie ; leur père et leur mère souffrirent le martyre pour la foi de Jésus-Christ, l’un à Ravenne et l’autre à Milan. Eux-mêmes, ayant distribué leur patrimoine aux pauvres et affranchi leurs esclaves, s’attirèrent de ce chef une haine sans mesure de la part des prêtres païens. Ceux-ci donc cherchèrent une occasion de perdre les pieux frères, et crurent la trouver dans les préparatifs de guerre faits par le comte Astasius. Ils ont appris des dieux, insinuent-ils à Astasius, qu’il ne sera vainqueur qu’à la condition de forcer Gervais et Protais à renier le Christ et à sacrifier aux dieux. Les deux frères ne témoignant qu’horreur pour une telle proposition, Astasius fait battre Gervais jusqu’à ce qu’il expire sous les coups : Protais est battu de verges, puis frappé de la hache. Philippe, serviteur du Christ, enleva leurs corps à la dérobée et les ensevelit dans sa maison. Dans la suite, saint Ambroise les ayant découverts par une inspiration de Dieu, prit soin de les placer dans un lieu sacré et illustre. Ils souffrirent à Milan, le treize des calendes de juillet.
Dom Guéranger, l’Année Liturgique
La simple mémoire consacrée en ce jour aux glorieux frères dont le nom fut autrefois si célèbre dans tout l’Occident, ne doit pas diminuer leur mérite à nos yeux. L’Esprit du Fils de Dieu, chargé de maintenir en l’Épouse cette note divine de la sainteté qui doit, jusqu’aux derniers jours, la faire reconnaître à la fois des anges et des hommes, ne cesse, à chaque génération, de susciter des saints nouveaux qui attirent plus spécialement les hommages des siècles dont leurs vertus sont l’exemple et la gloire. Mais si, dans tous les âges, un juste mouvement de gratitude pour les bienfaits présents du Paraclet conduit l’Église à célébrer, d’une façon particulière, ceux de ses enfants qui viennent d’accroître ainsi plus récemment par le spectacle de leur vie l’éclat de sa noble parure, les dernières manifestations de l’Esprit d’amour ne lui font pas oublier pour cela les anciennes. Gervais et Protais ne sont plus honorés par cette fête solennelle, précédée d’une vigile, dont le sacramentaire Gélasien nous a conservé le souvenir ; mais la place qu’ils occupaient dans les litanies de l’Église romaine, comme représentants de l’armée des martyrs, leur a été maintenue. De préférence à un grand nombre de saints dont la fête est d’un rit supérieur à la leur, c’est vers eux que se tourne l’Église dans les plus solennelles de ses supplications : qu’il s’agisse d’obtenir à la terre, en de pieuses processions, l’éloignement des fléaux et les bénédictions de la vie présente ; ou que, prosternée, l’assemblée sainte du peuple chrétien uni à ses pontifes implore les grâces d’une consécration abondante pour ses autels ou ses temples, pour les futurs dépositaires du sacerdoce, les vierges ou les rois.
Les historiens des rites sacrés nous apprennent que l’Introït qui se chante à la Messe de nos deux saints martyrs : Le Seigneur donnera la paix à son peuple, est un monument de la confiance de saint Grégoire le Grand dans leur secourable puissance. Reconnaissant des résultats déjà obtenus, il remettait à leurs soins, par le choix de cette antienne, la pacification complète de l’Italie en butte à l’invasion lombarde et aux revendications de la cour de Byzance.
Deux siècles auparavant, saint Ambroise avait éprouvé le premier la vertu spéciale de pacification que le Seigneur Christ, en retour de leur mort, semble attacher aux ossements mêmes de ses glorieux témoins. Pour la deuxième fois, l’impératrice Justine et l’arien Auxence dirigeaient contre l’évêque de Milan l’assaut des puissances réunies de la terre et de l’enfer ; pour la deuxième fois, sommé d’abandonner une église, Ambroise avait répondu : « Ce n’est pas au prêtre à livrer le temple » [4]. Aux soldats envoyés pour prêter main-forte aux envahisseurs du saint lieu, il avait dénoncé l’excommunication s’ils passaient outre ; et, sachant qu’ils étaient engagés à Dieu par leur baptême avant de l’être au prince, les soldats avaient fait le cas qu’il convenait d’une consigne sacrilège. A la cour, effrayée de l’indignation universelle et qui le priait maintenant de calmer le peuple soulevé par des mesures odieuses : « Il est en mon pouvoir de ne pas l’exciter, avait-il dit ; mais l’apaisement appartient à Dieu ». Lorsqu’enfin les troupes ariennes qu’on put rassembler cernèrent la basilique où se trouvait Ambroise, on vit au nom de l’indivisible et pacifique Trinité tout ce peuple s’enfermer dans l’église avec son évêque, et soutenir par la seule force de la divine psalmodie et des hymnes sacrées un siège d’un nouveau genre. Mais le dernier acte de cette guerre de deux ans contre un homme désarmé, l’événement qui acheva la déroute de l’hérésie, fut la découverte des reliques précieuses de Gervais et de Protais, que Milan possédait sans les connaître, et qu’une inspiration du ciel révéla au pontife.
Écoutons l’évêque raconter les faits, dans la simplicité si suave de sa grande âme, à sa sœur Marcelline. Consacrée depuis longtemps parle Pontife suprême à l’Époux des vierges, Marcelline était de ces âmes toutes-puissantes dans leur humilité, que le Seigneur place presque toujours à côté des grands noms de l’histoire de l’Église, pour être leur force devant Dieu : coopératrices ignorées des œuvres éclatantes, dont le plus souvent l’intervention de prière et de souffrances ne doit être connue qu’au jour où se révéleront les réalités éternelles. Déjà Ambroise avait tenu sa sœur informée des détails de la première campagne dirigée contre lui : « Puisque dans presque toutes vos lettres, lui disait-il alors, vous vous enquérez avec sollicitude de ce qui touche l’Église, voici ce qui se passe. Le lendemain du jour où vous me mandiez l’anxiété que vous donnaient vos songes, le poids des graves inquiétudes fondit sur nous » [5].
La lettre suivante, au contraire, respire déjà le triomphe et la liberté reconquise. « Le frère à sa dame et sœur, plus chère que ses yeux et sa vie. J’ai l’habitude de ne rien laisser ignorer à votre sainteté de ce qui arrive ici en votre absence ; sachez donc aussi que nous avons trouvé des saints martyrs. Lorsqu’en effet je m’occupais de dédier la basilique que vous savez, beaucoup se mirent à m’interpeller d’une seule voix, disant : Dédiez-la comme la basilique Romaine. Je répondis : Je le ferai, si je trouve des reliques de martyrs. Et aussitôt m’envahit comme l’ardeur de quelque présage. Qu’ajouterai-je ? Le Seigneur a donné sa grâce. Malgré la crainte des clercs eux-mêmes, j’ordonnai de creuser la terre au lieu qui est devant la balustrade des saints Félix et Nabor. Je trouvai les signes voulus : on amena même des possédés auxquels nous devions imposer les mains, et il arriva qu’à la première apparition des saints martyrs, lorsque nous gardions encore le silence, une femme [6] d’entre eux fut saisie et renversée à terre devant le saint tombeau. Nous y trouvâmes deux hommes d’une grandeur étonnante, comme dans les temps anciens, tous les ossements entiers, quantité de sang. Il y eut grand concours de peuple durant ces deux jours. A quoi bon les détails ? Les saints corps dans leur intégrité, disposés comme il était convenable, nous les avons transportés sur le soir à la basilique de Fausta ; là, veilles toute la nuit, imposition des mains. Le jour suivant, translation à la basilique qu’ils appellent Ambrosienne ; pendant le trajet, guérison d’un aveugle » [7].
Ambroise ensuite rapporte à Marcelline les discours qu’il prononça dans la circonstance. Nous n’en citerons qu’un passage : « Seigneur Jésus, disait le pontife, je vous rends grâces d’avoir suscité près de nous l’esprit des saints martyrs en un temps où votre Église réclame de plus grands secours. Que tous connaissent quels défenseurs je désire, qui puissent défendre et n’attaquent pas. Je t’ai acquis ceux-là, peuple saint, utiles à tous, funestes à personne. Ce sont là les gardiens que j’ambitionne, ce sont là mes soldats. A leur sujet, je ne crains point l’envie ; je souhaite leur secours à ceux-là même qui me jalousent. Qu’ils viennent donc, et qu’ils voient mes gardes ; je ne nie pas m’entourer de telles armes. Comme pour le serviteur d’Élisée, quand l’armée des Syriens assiégeait le prophète, Dieu a ouvert nos yeux. Nous voici, mes frères, déchargés d’une honte qui n’était pas minime : avoir des défenseurs, et n’en rien savoir !... Voici que d’un sépulcre sans gloire sont tirés de nobles restes, trophées que le ciel voit enfin. Contemplez ce tombeau humide de sang, taches glorieuses, marques du triomphe, ces reliques inviolées en leur lieu, dans le même ordre qu’au premier jour, cette tête séparée des épaules. Les vieillards se rappellent maintenant avoir autrefois entendu nommer ces martyrs, et lu l’inscription de leur tombe. Notre ville avait perdu ses martyrs, elle qui avait ravi ceux des cités étrangères. Quoique cela soit un don de Dieu, cependant je ne puis nier la grâce par laquelle le Seigneur Jésus daigne illustrer les temps de mon épiscopat : ne méritant pas d’être martyr moi-même, je vous ai acquis ces martyrs. Qu’elles viennent maintenant, ces victimes triomphales, prendre place au lieu où le Christ est hostie ; mais, sur l’autel celui qui a souffert pour tous, sous l’autel ceux-ci qu’a rachetés sa passion. Je m’étais destiné cette place, car il est digne que le pontife repose où il avait coutume de présenter l’oblation ; mais je cède la droite aux victimes sacrées : ce lieu était dû aux martyrs » [8].
Ambroise devait en effet, dix ans plus tard, venir prendre place à son tour sous l’autel de la basilique Ambrosienne ; il occupa le côté de l’Épître, laissant celui de l’Évangile aux deux martyrs. Au IXe siècle, un de ses successeurs, Angilbert, réunit les trois corps vénérés dans un même sarcophage de porphyre, qui fut établi dans le sens de la longueur de l’autel, au-dessus des deux tombes primitives. C’est là qu’après mille ans écoulés, grâce aux travaux nécessités par les réparations de la basilique, ils apparurent de nouveau, le 8 août 1871, non plus dans le sang qui avait au IVe siècle révélé les martyrs, mais sous une nappe d’eau profonde et limpide : image touchante de cette eau de la Sagesse [9] qui avait coulé si abondamment des lèvres d’Ambroise, devenu l’hôte principal du saint tombeau. C’est là que, non loin de la tombe de Marcelline devenue elle-même un autel, le pèlerin de nos temps amoindris, l’âme remplie des souvenirs du vieil âge, vénère encore ces restes précieux ; car ils demeurent inséparables toujours, dans la châsse de cristal où, placés sous la protection immédiate du Pontife romain [10], ils attendent maintenant la résurrection.
Il est court, le récit de vos combats, ô saints martyrs ! Mais si les enseignements de votre vie ne sont point parvenus jusqu’à nous dans le détail que nous aurions souhaité, nous pouvons dire avec Ambroise, lorsqu’il vous présentait à son peuple : « Cette éloquence est la meilleure, qui sort du sang ; car le sang a une voix retentissante, pénétrant de la terre au ciel » [11]. Faites-nous comprendre son fort langage. Les veines des chrétiens doivent être toujours prêtes à rendre leur témoignage au Dieu rédempteur. Nos générations n’auraient-elles plus de sang dans leurs veines appauvries ? Guérissez leur incurable affaissement ; ce que ne peuvent plus les médecins des âmes, Jésus-Christ le peut toujours.
Levez-vous donc, ô glorieux frères ; enseignez-nous la voie royale du dévouement et de la souffrance. Ce ne peut être en vain que nos yeux misérables ont pu, dans ces temps, vous contempler comme ceux d’Ambroise ; si Dieu vous révèle de nouveau à la terre après tant de siècles, il a en cela les mêmes vues qu’autrefois : relever par vous l’homme et la société d’une servilité funeste, chasser l’erreur, sauver l’Église qui ne peut périr, mais qu’il aime à délivrer par ses saints. Reconnaissez par de dignes services la protection dont Pierre, malgré sa captivité, couvre vos restes. Que Milan soit digne de vous et d’Ambroise. Visitez encore tant de contrées, proches ou lointaines, qu’enrichit autrefois le sang trouvé dans votre tombe. La France, qui vous fut si dévouée, qui plaça cinq de ses cathédrales sous votre vocable glorieux, attend de vous un secours spécial : ranimez en elle, ô martyrs, la dévotion des anciens jours ; dégagez-la des sectes et des traîtres ; qu’elle se retrouve bientôt le soldat de Dieu !
[4] Ambr. Ep. XX.
[5] Ep. XX.
[6] Urna du texte latin est pris pour una par les meilleurs interprètes.
[7] Ep. XXII.
[8] Ep. XXII.
[9] Prov. XVIII, 4 ; XX, 5 ; Eccli. XV, 3 ; etc.
[10] Constitutio Pii IX fortiter qui attingit a fine usque ad finem.
[11] Ep. XXII.
Bhx Cardinal Schuster, Liber Sacramentorum
Station au Titre de Vestina.
Ces deux martyrs milanais sont entrés dès l’antiquité dans le Férial de l’Église de Rome, en raison des circonstances extraordinaires et des miracles qui accompagnèrent la découverte de leurs corps par les soins de saint Ambroise. Durant le pontificat d’Innocent Ier, une matrone romaine, nommée Vestina, fit élever en leur honneur dans la Ville éternelle un titulus dans le vicus longus de la IVe Région, Titre qui, connu d’abord sous le nom de la fondatrice, puis des martyrs Gervais et Protais, l’est davantage aujourd’hui sous celui de Saint-Vital.
L’introït emprunte son antienne au psaume 84, et semble un écho des chants d’allégresse d’Ambroise et des pieux Milanais quand Dieu voulut les consoler, en révélant à l’évêque le lieu où reposaient les saintes reliques, de l’épreuve pénible que leur infligeaient les Ariens et l’impératrice Justine en les assiégeant dans leur église.
Saint Augustin, qui était présent, nous décrit admirablement la scène au IXe Livre des Confessions.
« C’était en cette année, ou peu après, où l’impératrice Justine, mère de l’empereur Valentinien encore enfant, séduite par les Ariens, commença, par zèle pour l’hérésie, à persécuter ton serviteur Ambroise, Seigneur. Le peuple fidèle passait la nuit dans l’église, disposé à se laisser mettre à mort avec son évêque. Là, Seigneur, ta servante, ma mère, occupait la première place, tant dans les prières vigiliales que dans la part qu’elle prenait aux angoisses d’Ambroise. Elle ne vivait que de prière. Pour que le peuple ne défaillît pas de lassitude, pour la première fois fut institué le chant des hymnes et des psaumes, comme on a accoutumé de le faire en Orient...
» Alors toi, dans une vision, tu montras à l’évêque où étaient cachés les corps des martyrs Gervais et Protais, que tu avais, durant un si grand nombre d’années, conservés sans corruption dans le trésor de ton secret, pour les montrer au monde en temps opportun, afin d’humilier la rage d’une femme, il est vrai, mais impératrice.
» Quand le lieu fut découvert et débarrassé des décombres, tandis que les corps saints, avec l’honneur convenable, étaient transportés en grand triomphe à la basilique ambrosienne, les possédés furent guéris, et, qui plus est, par leur bouche les démons confessaient ce qu’ils sont. Un homme qui depuis de longues années était aveugle, et que tous en ville connaissaient, apprit le motif de ces cris insolites du peuple en fête ; aussitôt il se leva d’un bond et pria celui qui le conduisait de le mener près du cercueil. Y étant arrivé, il obtint de faire toucher un linge aux corps de ceux dont la sainte mort fut précieuse, Seigneur, devant toi, et, ayant appliqué le linge sur ses yeux, il recouvra subitement la vue » [12].
Introït. — « Le Seigneur dira des paroles de paix à son peuple, à ses saints, et à celui qui, de tout son cœur, recourt à lui ». L’allusion à la persécution de Justine est manifeste ; c’est pourquoi Ambroise souhaite ici que l’invention des saints martyrs et les nombreux miracles opérés par eux en confirmation de la foi catholique, mettent enfin terme à la longue persécution qui le tenait comme barricadé dans l’église.
Les trois collectes sont les mêmes que le 15 février, pour la fête des Sts Faustin et Jovite.
La lecture est tirée de la Ire épître de saint Pierre (IV, 13-19). Déjà avait éclaté l’incendie de la persécution de Néron, avec les horribles torches des jardins vaticans, et l’empereur avait promulgué contre les chrétiens son fameux Institutum, en vertu duquel l’État romain, plusieurs siècles durant, punit dans les disciples du Nazaréen, non pas des crimes prévus par les lois, démontrés et jugés, mais la seule confession du nom chrétien. Saint Pierre dit donc : « Qu’aucun de nous n’ait jamais à expérimenter la rigueur des lois pour un crime commis ; si au contraire il a à souffrir parce que chrétien, qu’il en glorifie Dieu, car Jésus aussi fut condamné à mort pour le seul fait de s’être solennellement déclaré le Christ ».
Cette application singulière du droit romain aux chrétiens fut récusée par les apologistes au IIe siècle et n’échappa pas aux magistrats impériaux eux-mêmes. C’est pourquoi Pline, dans sa célèbre lettre, interrogea Trajan pour apprendre de lui le véritable esprit de la loi, et s’il devait punir ipsum nomen, aut crimina cohærentia nomini [13]. Alors l’empereur, mis au pied du mur par l’honnête Proconsul de la Bithynie, donna cette réponse ridicule qui rappelait trop celle de Pilate pour n’être pas exploitée ensuite par le sarcastique Tertullien : Inquirendi non sunt, si deferantur... puniendi [14].
Le répons est le même que le 22 janvier, mais le verset alléluiatique est emprunté à la messe des martyrs Marc et Marcellien, le 18 juin.
Selon la liste de Würzbourg, aujourd’hui la lecture évangélique était tirée de saint Marc (XIII, 1-13) et elle annonçait la persécution qui sera engagée contre les chrétiens dans les derniers temps qui précéderont la parousie finale. Selon le Missel actuel, au contraire, la lecture est identique à celle du 10 mars, avec l’annonce des béatitudes. Ces béatitudes, dans la vie présente, ne sont toutefois que in spe ; car la grâce de Jésus nous en donne seulement un gage, au milieu des tribulations qui accompagnent toujours la profession de la vie dévote. Spes autem non confundit, dit l’Apôtre [15], parce que l’espérance devient réalité, et la grâce se développe et arrive à son achèvement dans la gloire.
L’antienne pour l’offrande des oblations est commune à la fête des martyrs Pierre et Marcellin le 2 juin, tandis que celle pour la distribution de la sainte Communion est tirée de la messe des deux autres saints milanais, Nabor et Nazaire, le 12 juin.
Les impies ont pu exercer leur cruauté sur les corps des martyrs : Dieu possède leurs âmes. Bien plus, à cause des mérites des pères, la protection divine s’étend à travers les longues générations sur les lointains descendants, qui, aujourd’hui, avec un saint orgueil, se disent dans le psaume : Les fils de ceux qui ont été massacrés. Cette confiance dans les mérites des martyrs décida saint Ambroise à choisir sa tombe à côté des saints Gervais et Protais : Tales ambio defensores [16], disait-il.
[12] Lib. IX, cap. VII.
[13] Le nom lui-même ou les crimes commis à cause du nom.
[14] Ils ne doivent pas être pourchassés, mais s’ils sont présentés à la justice… ils doivent être punis.
[15] Rom. 5, 5 : l’espérance n’est point trompeuse.
[16] Je suis entouré par de si grands défenseurs.
Dom Pius Parsch, le Guide dans l’année liturgique
Saint Gervais et saint Protais. — Ces deux frères moururent martyrs à Milan, vers 170 ap. J.-C. Ils comptent parmi les martyrs les plus célèbres de (‘ancienne Église. Au sujet de leur vie nous n’avons que des renseignements peu nombreux et peu sûrs. La découverte de leurs ossements par saint Ambroise est certainement attestée. Saint Augustin assistait personnellement à la découverte et en parle avec enthousiasme dans ses Confessions (IX, 7). Saint Ambroise désira que son tombeau fût placé auprès des corps des saints martyrs. En 1864, leurs reliques furent découvertes de nouveau sous le maître-autel de l’ancienne basilique de Milan ; elles étaient renfermées dans un sarcophage de porphyre.
SAINT GERVAIS ET SAINT PROTAIS
Gervais (Gervasius) vient de gérar, qui veut dire sacré et de vas, vase, ou bien de gena, étranger et syor, petit. Comme si l’on voulait dire qu'il fut sacré par le mérite de sa vie, vase parce qu'il contint toutes les vertus, étranger parce qu'il méprisa le monde et petit parce qu'il se méprisa lui-même.
Protais (Protasius) vient de prothos, premier et syos, Dieu ou divin ; ou bien de pocul et stasis, qui se tient loin. Comme si l’on voulait dire qu'il fut le premier par sa dignité, divin par son amour, et éloigné des affections du monde. Saint Ambroise trouva l’histoire de leur martyre dans un écrit placé auprès de leur tête.
Gervais et Protais, frères jumeaux, étaient les enfants de saint Vital et de la bienheureuse Valérie. Après avoir donné tous leurs biens aux pauvres, ils demeurèrent avec saint Nazaire, qui construisait un oratoire à Embrun, et un enfant appelé Celse lui apportait les pierres (c'est anticiper sur les faits de dire que saint Nazaire avait Celse à son service, car d'après l’histoire du premier, ce fut, longtemps après que Celse lui fut offert). Or, comme on les conduisait tous ensemble à l’empereur Néron, le jeune Celse les suivait en poussant des cris lamentables : un des soldats ayant donné des soufflets à l’enfant, Nazaire lui en fit des reproches, mais les soldats irrités frappèrent Nazaire à coups de pied, l’enfermèrent en prison avec les autres et ensuite le précipitèrent dans la mer : ils menèrent à Milan Gervais et Protais. Quant à Nazaire, qui avait été sauvé miraculeusement, il vint aussi dans cette ville. Au même temps, survint Astase, général d'armée qui partait pour faire la guerre aux Marcomans. Les idolâtres allèrent à sa rencontre et lui assurèrent que les dieux se garderaient de rendre leurs oracles si Gervais et Protais ne leur offraient d'abord des sacrifices. On s'empare alors des deux frères et on les invite à sacrifier. Comme Gervais disait à Astase que toutes les idoles étaient sourdes et muettes, et que le Dieu tout-puissant était seul capable de lui faire remporter la victoire, le comte le fit frapper avec des fouets garnis de plomb jusqu'à ce qu'il eût rendu l’esprit. Ensuite il fit comparaître Protais et lui dit : « Misérable, songe à vivre et ne cours pas, comme ton frère, à une mort violente. » Protais reprit : « Quel est ici le misérable ? Est-ce moi qui ne te crains point, ou bien toi qui donnes des preuves que tu me crains? » Astase lui dit : « Comment, misérable, ce serait moi qui te; craindrais, et comment? » « Tu prouves que tu crains quelque dommage de ma part, reprit Protais, si je ne sacrifie pas à tes dieux, car si tu ne craignais aucun préjudice, jamais tu ne me forcerais à sacrifier aux idoles. » Alors le général le fit suspendre au chevalet. «Je ne m’irrite pas contre toi, général, lui dit Protais ; je sais que les yeux de ton coeur sont aveuglés ; bien au contraire, j'ai pitié de toi, car tu ne sais ce que tu, fais. » Achève ce que tu as commencé, afin que la bénignité du Sauveur daigne m’accueillir avec mon frère. Astase ordonna alors de lui trancher la tête. Un serviteur de J.-C. nommé Philippe, avec son fils, s'empara de leurs corps qu'il ensevelit en secret en sa maison, sous une voûte de pierre ; et il plaça à leur tête un écrit contenant le récit de leur naissance, de leur vie et de leur martyre. Ce fut sous Néron qu'ils souffrirent, vers l’an du Seigneur 57. Longtemps leurs corps restèrent cachés, mais ils furent découverts au temps de saint Ambroise de la manière suivante: Saint Ambroise était en oraison dans l’église des saints Nabor et Félix ; il n'était ni tout à fait éveillé, ni entièrement endormi; lorsque lui apparurent deux jeunes gens de la plus grande beauté, couverts de vêtements blancs composés d'une tunique et d'un manteau, chaussés de petites bottines, et priant avec lui les mains étendues. Saint Ambroise pria, afin que si c'était une illusion, elle ne se reproduisît plus, mais que si c'était une réalité, il eût une seconde révélation. Les jeunes gens lui apparurent de la même manière à l’heure du chant du coq, et prièrent encore avec lui ; mais la troisième nuit, saint Ambroise, étant tout éveillé (son corps était fatigué par les jeûnes) fut saisi de voir apparaître une troisième personne qui lui semblait être saint Paul, d'après les portraits qu'il en avait vus. Les deux jeunes gens se turent et l’apôtre dit à saint Ambroise: «Voici ceux qui, suivant mes avis, n'ont désiré rien des choses terrestres; tu trouveras leurs corps dans le lieu où tu es en ce moment ; à douze pieds de profondeur, tu rencontreras une voîlte recouverte de terre, et auprès de leur tête un petit volume contenant le récit de leur naissance et de leur mort. » Saint Ambroise couvoqua donc ses frères, les évêques voisins; il se mit le premier à creuser la terre, et trouva le tout comme lui avait dit saint Paul ; et bien que plus de trois cents ans se fussent écoulés, les corps des saints furent découverts dans le même état que s'ils venaient d'être ensevelis à l’heure même. Une odeur merveilleuse et extraordinairement suave émanait du tombeau.
Or, un aveugle, en touchant le cercueil des saints martyrs, recouvra la vue, et beaucoup d'autres furent guéris par leurs mérites. On célébrait cette solennité, en l’honneur des saints Martyrs quand fut rétablie la paix entre les Lombards et l’empire romain. Et c'est pour cela que le pape saint Grégoire institua de chanter pour introït de la messe ces paroles : Loquetur Dominus pacem in plebem suam (Ce sont encore les paroles du Missel Romain à l’introït de la messe de ces saints). En outre les différentes parties de l’office en l’honneur de ces saints se rapportent tantôt à eux, tantôt aux événements qui survinrent à cette époque. Saint Augustin raconte, au livre de la Cité de Dieu, qu'un aveugle recouvra à Milan l’usage de la vue auprès des corps des saints martyrs Gervais et Protais, et cela en sa présence, devant l’empereur et une grande foule de peuple. Est-ce l’aveugle dont il a été question plus haut, est-ce un autre, on l’ignore. Le même saint raconte encore, dans le même ouvrage, qu'un jeune homme lavant un cheval dans une rivière près de la villa Victorienne, distante de trente milles d'Hippone, aussitôt le diable le tourmenta et le renversa comme mort dans le fleuve. Or, pendant qu'on chantait les vêpres dans l’église dédiée sous l’invocation des saints Gervais et Protais, église qui était près du fleuve, ce jeune homme, comme frappé par l’éclat des voix qui chantaient, entra dans un grand état d'agitation en l’église où il saisit l’autel, sans pouvoir s'en éloigner; en sorte qu'il paraissait y avoir été lié. Quand on fit des exorcismes pour faire sortir le démon, celui-ci menaça de lui couper les membres, en s'en allant. Après l’exorcisme le démon sortit, mais l’oeil du jeune homme restait suspendu par un petit vaisseau sur la joue. On le remit comme on put en sa place, et peu de jours après 1'œil fut guéri par les mérites de saint Gervais et de saint Protais. Saint Ambroise s'exprime ainsi dans la Préface de ces saints : « Voici ceux qui, envolés sous le drapeau du ciel, ont pris les armes victorieuses dont parle l’apôtre : dégagés des liens qui les attachaient au monde, ils vainquirent l’infernal ennemi avec ses vices, pour suivre libres et tranquilles le Seigneur J.-C. Oh! les heureux frères, qui en s'attachant à la pratique des paroles sacrées, ne purent être souillés par aucune contagion ! Oh! le glorieux motif pour lequel ils combattirent, ceux que le même sein maternel a mis au monde, reçoivent tous les deux une couronne semblable. »
La Légende dorée de Jacques de Voragine nouvellement traduite en français avec introduction, notices, notes et recherches sur les sources par l'abbé J.-B. M. Roze, chanoine honoraire de la Cathédrale d'Amiens, Édouard Rouveyre, éditeur, 76, rue de Seine, 76, Paris mdcccci
Sts. Gervasius and Protasius
Martyrs of Milan, probably in the second
century, patrons of the city of Milan and of haymakers; invoked for the discovery of thieves. Feast, in the Latin
Church, 19 June, the day of the translation of the relics; in the Greek
Church, 14 Oct., the supposed day of their death. Emblems: scourge, club, sword.
The Acts (Acta
SS., June, IV, 680 and 29) were perhaps compiled from a letter (Ep. liii) to
the bishops of Italy,falsely ascribed to St.
Ambrose. They are written in a very simple style, but it has been found
impossible to establish their age. According to these, Gervasius and Protasius
were twins, children of martyrs. Their fatherVitalis, a man of consular dignity,
suffered martyrdom at Ravenna under Nero(?). The mother Valeria died for her faith at Milan. The sons are said to have been
scourged and then beheaded, during the reign of Nero, under the presidency
of Anubinus or Astasius, and
while Cajus was Bishop of Milan. Some authors place themartyrdom under Diocletian, while others object to this time, because they fail to understand
how, in that case, the place of burial,
and even the names, could be forgotten by the time of St.
Ambrose, as is stated. De Rossi places their death before Diocletian. It probably occurred during the
reign of Antoninus (161-168).
St.
Ambrose, in 386, had built a magnificent basilica at Milan. Asked by the people to consecrate it in the same solemn manner as was done in Rome, he promised to do so
if he could obtain the necessary relics. In adream he was shown the place in which such
could be found. He ordered excavations to be made in thecemetery church of Sts. Nabor and Felix, outside the city, and
there found the relics of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius. He had them removed to the church of St. Fausta, and on the next day
into the basilica, which later
received the name San Ambrogio Maggiore. Many miracles are related to have occurred, and all greatly rejoiced at the signal
favour from heaven, given at the time of the great
struggle between St. Ambrose and the ArianEmpress Justina. Of the vision, the subsequent discovery of
the relics and the accompanying miracles, St.
Ambrose wrote to his sister Marcellina. St.
Augustine, not yet baptized, witnessed the facts, and relates them in his
"Confessions", IX, vii; in City of God XXII.8; and in "Serm. 286
in natal. Ss. Mm. Gerv. et Prot.", they are also
attested by St. Paulinus of Nola, in his life of St. Ambrose. The latter died 397 and,
as he had wished, his body was, on Easter Sunday, deposited in his basilica by the side of these martyrs. In 835, Angilbert II, asuccessor in the See
of Milan, placed the relics of the three saints in a porphyry sarcophagus,
and here they were again found, January, 1864 (Civiltà Cattolica, 1864, IX,
608, and XII, 345).
A tradition claims that after the destruction of Milan by Frederick Barbarossa, his chancellor Rainald von Dasselhad
taken the relics from Milan, and deposited them at Altbreisach in Germany, whence some came toSoissons; the claim is rejected by Milan (Biraghi, "I tre sepoleri", etc. Milan, 1864). Immediately
after the finding of the relics by St. Ambrose, the cult
of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius was spread in Italy, and churcheswere built in their honour at Pavia, Nola, etc. In Gaul we
find churches dedicated to them, about 400, at Mans,Rouen, and Soissons. At the Louvre there is
now a famous picture of the saints by Lesueur (d. 1655), which was formerly in their church at Paris. According to the "Liber
Pontificalis", Innocent I (402-417) dedicated achurch to them at Rome. Later, the name of St.
Vitalis, their father, was added to the title. Very early their names were
inserted in the Litany of the Saints. The whole history of these saints has received a great deal of adverse criticism.
Some deny their existence, and
make them a Christianized version of the Dioscuri of theRomans. Thus Harris, "The Dioscuri in Christian Legend", but see "Analecta Boll." (1904), XXIII, 427.
Sources
STOKES in Dict. Christ. Biog., s.v.; KRIEG in Kirchenlex., s.v.; BUTLER, Lives of the Saints (19 June).
Mershman, Francis. "Sts. Gervasius and Protasius." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 6 Jun. 2018 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06537a.htm>.
Transcription. This article
was transcribed for New Advent by Bob Elder.
Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. September 1, 1909. Remy Lafort,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John
M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
June 19
SS. Gervasius and Protasius, Martyrs
From St. Ambrose, Ep. 22, ol. 54, ad Marcellinam Soror. and St. Augustin, de Civit. Dei, l. 22, c. 8, et l. de Cura pro mortuis, c. 17, et Conf. l. 9, c. 7. See Tillemont, t. 2, p. 78. Orsi; and for the history of the great veneration which has been always paid to their relics, see the learned Dissertation of Joseph Antony Sassi, prefect of the Ambrosian library, entitled, Dissertatio Apologetica ad Vindicandam Mediolano Sanctoruni Corporum Gervasii et Protasii possessionem. Bononiæ, 1709. See also S. Paulinus, Nat. S. Felicis II. published by Muratori, Anecd. Lat. and in the new edition of St. Paulinus’s works at Verona, p. 468. Consult above other moderns the accurate Puricelli, Diss. Nazar. et Monum. Basilicæ Ambros.
ST. AMBROSE calls these saints the protomartyrs of Milan. They seem to have suffered in the first persecution under Nero, or at latest under Domitian, and are said to have been the sons of SS. Vitalis and Valeria, 1 both martyrs, the first at Ravenna, the second at Milan. This latter city was the place which SS. Gervasius and Protasius rendered illustrious by their glorious martyrdom and miracles. St. Ambrose assures us, that the divine grace prepared them a long time for their crown by the good example which they gave, and by the constancy with which they withstood the corruption of the world. He adds they were beheaded for the faith. 2 They are said to have been twin brothers. 1
The faithful at Milan, in the fourth age, had lost the remembrance of these saints. Yet the martyrs had not ceased to assist that church in its necessities; and the discovery of their relics rescued it from the utmost danger. The Empress Justina, widow of Valentinian I. and mother of Valentinian the Younger, who then reigned, and resided at Milan, was a violent abettor of Arianism, and used her utmost endeavours to expel St. Ambrose. The Arians did not hesitate to have recourse to the most horrible villanies and forgeries to compass that point. In so critical a conjuncture, our martyrs declared themselves the visible protectors of that distressed church. St. Austin, both in his twenty-second book Of the City of God, 3 and in his Confessions, 4 says, that God revealed to St. Ambrose by a vision in a dream, the place where their relics lay. Paulinus, in his life of St. Ambrose, says, this was done by an apparition of the martyrs themselves. The bishop was going to dedicate a new church, the same which was afterwards called the Ambrosian basilic, and now St. Ambrose the Great. The people desired him to do it with the same solemnity as he had already consecrated another church in the quarter near the gate that led to Rome, in honour of the holy apostles, in which he had laid a portion of their relics. He was at a loss to find relics for this second church. The bodies of Saints Gervasius and Protasius lay then unknown before the rails which enclosed the tomb of SS. Nabor and Felix. St. Ambrose caused this place to be dug up, and there found the bodies of two very big men, with their bones entire, and in their natural position, but the heads separated from their bodies, with a large quantity of blood, and all the marks which could be desired to ascertain the relics. 5
A possessed person who was brought to receive the imposition of hands, before he began to be exorcised, was seized, and, in horrible convulsions, thrown down by the evil spirit upon the tomb. 6 The sacred relics were taken up whole, and laid on litters in their natural situation, covered with ornaments, and conveyed to the basilic of Faustus, now called SS. Vitalis and Agricola, near that of St. Nabor, which at present bears the name of St. Francis. They were exposed here two days, and an incredible concourse of people watched the two nights in prayer. On the third day, which was the 18th of June, they were translated into the Ambrosian basilic with the honour due to martyrs, and with the public rejoicings of the whole city. In the way happened the famous cure of a blind man named Severus, a citizen of Milan, well known to the whole town. He had been a butcher, but was obliged, by the loss of his sight, to lay aside his profession. Hearing of the discovery of the relics, he desired to be conducted to the place where they were passing by, and upon touching the fringe of the ornaments with which they were covered, he that instant perfectly recovered his sight in the presence of an infinite multitude. This miracle is related by St. Ambrose, St. Austin, and Paulinus, who were all three then at Milan. Severus made a vow to be a servant in the church of the saints; that is, the Ambrosian basilic, where their relics lay. St. Austin, when he went from Milan, in 387, left him in that service, 7 and he continued in it when Paulinus wrote the life of St. Ambrose, in 411. Many other lame and sick persons were cured of divers distempers by touching the shrouds which covered the relics, or linen cloths which had been thrown upon them. Devils also, in possessed persons, confessed the glory of the martyrs, and declared they were not able to bear the torments which they suffered in the presence of the bodies of the saints. All this is attested by St. Ambrose in his letter to his sister, in which he has inserted the sermon which he preached in the Ambrosian basilic when the relics arrived there. Two days after, he deposited them in the vault under the altar on the right hand. St. Ambrose adds, that the blood found in their tomb was likewise an instrument of many miracles. We find the relics of these saints afterwards dispersed in several churches, chiefly this blood, which was gathered and mixed with a paste, as St. Gaudentius says. 8 Also linen cloths dipped in this blood were distributed in many places, as St. Gregory of Tours relates. 9 St. Austin mentions a church in their honour in his diocess of Hippo, where many miracles were wrought, and relates one that was very remarkable. 10 He preached his two hundred and eighty-sixth sermon on their festival in Africa, where we find it marked in the old African Calendar on the 19th of June, on which day it was observed over all the West; and with great solemnity at Milan, and in many diocesses and parish churches, of which these martyrs are the titular saints. St. Ambrose observes, that the Arians at Milan, by denying the miracles of these martyrs, showed they had a different faith from that of the martyrs; otherwise they would not have been jealous of their miracles: but this faith, as he says, is confirmed by the tradition of our ancestors, which the devils are forced to confess, but which the heretics deny. 11 3
Note 1. Ep. 22, ad Marcell, Soror.
Note 2. The pretended letter of St. Ambrose to the bishops of Italy, Ep. 53, giving a particular history of the lives and sufferings of these saints, notoriously contradicts the genuine letter of that father to his sister, and is universally rejected. See Tillemont, note 2, p. 499, t. 12, and the Benedictin editors of St. Ambrose, t. 2, Append. p. 483.
Note 3. C. 8.
Note 4. Conf. l. 9, c. 7.
Note 5. When St. Austin says the bodies were found entire, he means only that the bones were not broken, mouldered, or separated out of their places, as is clear from St. Ambrose; not that the flesh was incorrupt, as some have mistaken his meaning.
Note 6. St. Ambr. Ep. 22, ad Sor.
Note 7. S. Aug. Serm. 286.
Note 8. S. Gaud. Serm. 17.
Note 9. De Glor. Mart. c. 47.
Note 10. L. 22, de Civ. Dei, c. 8.
Note 11. Papebroke once imagined that the bodies of SS. Gervasius and Protasius had been translated to Brisach in Alsace; but this mistake was refuted by Joseph Antony Saxi, prefect of the Ambrosian library, and ingenuously retracted by the author. One of the most ancient parish churches in Paris, mentioned in the sixth century by Fortunatus in his life of St. Germanus of Paris, is dedicated to God under the invocation of SS. Gervasius and Protasius. The frontispiece composed of the three Grecian orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, one above the other, is esteemed by architects the greatest masterpiece of their art in France. The chapel of our Lady in this church is also admired.
Rev. Alban Butler (1711–73). Volume VI: June. The Lives of the Saints. 1866.
Ambrose of Milan : Letter 22: The Finding of SS. Gervasius and Protasius
Letter XXII.
St. Ambrose in a letter to his sister gives an account of the finding of the bodies of SS. Gervasius and Protasius, and of his addresses to the people on that occasion. Preaching from Psalm xix., he allegorically expounded the "heavens" to represent the martyrs and apostles, and the "day" he takes to be their confession. They were humbled by God, and then raised again. He then gives an account of the state in which their bodies were found, and of their translation to the basilica. In another address he speaks of the joy of the Catholics and the malice of the Arians who denied the miracles that were being wrought, as the Jews used to do, and points out that their faith is quite different from that of the martyrs, and that since the devils acknowledge the Trinity, and they do not, they are worse than the very devils themselves.
To the lady, his sister, dearer to him than his eyes and life, Ambrose Bishop.
1. As I do not wish anything which takes place here in your absence to escape the knowledge of your holiness, you must know that we have found some bodies of holy martyrs. For after I had dedicated the basilica,1 many, as it were, with one mouth began to address me, and said: Consecrate this as you did the Roman basilica. And I answered: "Certainly I will if I find any relics of martyrs." And at once a kind of prophetic ardour seemed to enter my heart.
2. Why should I use many words? God favoured us, for even the clergy were afraid who were bidden to clear away the earth from the spot before the chancel screen of SS. Felix and Nabor. I found the fitting signs, and on bringing in some on whom hands were to be laid,2 the power of the holy martyrs became so manifest, that even whilst I was still silent, one3 was seized and thrown prostrate at the holy burial-place. We found two men of marvellous stature, such as those of ancient days. All the bones were perfect, and there was much blood. During the whole of those two days there was an enormous concourse of people. Briefly we arranged the whole in order, and as evening was now coming on transferred them to the basilica of Fausta,4 where watch was kept during the night, and some received the laying on of hands. On the following day we translated the relics to the basilica called Ambrosian. During the translation a blind man was healed.5 I addressed the people then as follows:
3. When I considered the immense and unprecedented numbers of you who are here gathered together, and the gifts of divine grace which have shone forth in the holy. martyrs, I must confess that I felt myself unequal to this task, and that I could not express in words what we can scarcely conceive in our minds or take in with our eyes. But when the course of holy Scripture began to be read, the Holy Spirit Who spake in the prophets granted me to utter something worthy of so great a gathering, of your expectations, and of the merits of the holy martyrs.
4. "The heavens," it is said, "declare the glory of God."6 When this Psalm is read, it occurs to one that not so much the material elements as the heavenly merits seem to offer praise worthy of God. And by the chance of this day's lessons it is made clear what "heavens" declare the glory of God. Look at the holy relics at my right hand and at my left, see men of heavenly conversation, behold the trophies of a heavenly mind. These are the heavens which declare the glory of God, these are His handiwork which the firmament proclaims. For not worldly enticements, but the grace of the divine working, raised them to the firmament of the most sacred Passion, and long before by the testimony of their character and virtues bore witness of them, that they continued steadfast against the dangers of this world.
5. Paul was a heaven, when he said: "Our conversation is in heaven."7 James and John were heavens, and then were called "sons of thunder";8 and John, being as it were a heaven, saw the Word with God.9 The Lord Jesus Himself was a heaven of perpetual light, when He was declaring the glory of God, that glory which no man had seen before. And therefore He said: "No man hath seen God at any time, except the only-begotten Son, Who is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared Him."10 If you seek for the handiwork of God, listen to Job when he says: "The Spirit of God Who hath made me."11 And so strengthened against the temptations of the devil, he kept his footsteps constantly without offence. But let us go on to what follows.
6. "Day," it is said, "unto day uttereth speech."12 Behold the true days, where no darkness of night intervenes. Behold the days full of life and eternal brightness, which uttered the word of God, not in speech which passes away, but in their inmost heart, by constancy in confession, and perseverance in their witness.
7. Another Psalm which was read says: "Who is like unto the Lord our God, Who dwelleth on high, and regardeth lowly things in heaven and in the earth?"13 The Lord regarded indeed lowly things when He revealed to His Church the relics of the holy martyrs lying hidden under the unnoted turf, whose souls were in heaven, their bodies in the earth: "raising the poor out of the dust, and lifting the needy from the mire,"14 an d you see how He hath "set them with the princes of His people."15 Whom are we to esteem as the princes of the people but the holy martyrs? amongst whose number Protasius and Gervasius long unknown are now enrolled, who have caused the Church of Milan, barren of martyrs hitherto, now as the mother of many children, to rejoice in the distinctions and instances of her own sufferings.
8. Nor let this seem at variance with the true faith: "Day unto day uttereth the word;" soul unto soul, life unto life, resurrection unto resurrection; "and night unto night showeth knowledge;"16 that is, flesh unto flesh, they, that is, whose passion has shown to all the true knowledge of the faith. Good are these nights, bright nights, not without stars: "For as star differeth from star in brightness, so too is the resurrection of the dead."17
9. For not without reason do many call this the resurrection of the martyrs. I do not say whether they have risen for themselves, for us certainly the martyrs have risen. You know-nay, you have yourselves seen-that many are cleansed from evil spirits, that very many also, having touched with their hands the robe of the saints, are freed from those ailments which oppressed them; you see that the miracles of old time are renewed, when through the coming of the Lord Jesus grace was more largely shed forth upon the earth, and that many bodies are healed as it were by the shadow of the holy bodies. How many napkins are passed about! how many garments, laid upon the holy relics and endowed with healing power, are claimed! All are glad to touch even the outside thread, and whosoever touches will be made whole.
10. Thanks be to Thee, Lord Jesus, that at this time Thou hast stirred up for us the spirits of the holy martyrs, when Thy Church needs greater protection.18 Let all know what sort of champions I desire, who are able to defend, but desire not to attack. These have I gained for you, O holy people, such as may help all and injure none. Such defenders do I desire, such are the soldiers I have, that is, not soldiers of this world, but soldiers of Christ. I fear no ill-will on account of them, the more powerful their patronage is the greater safety is there in it. And I wish for their protection for those very persons who grudge them to me. Let them come, then, and see my attendants. I do not deny that I am surrounded by such arms: "Some trust in chariots, and some in horses, but we will boast in the Name of the Lord our God."19
11. The course of divine Scripture relates that Elisha, when surrounded by the army of the Syrians, told his servant, who was afraid, not to fear; "for," said he, "they that be for us are more than those against us;"20 and in order to prove this, he prayed that the eyes of Gehazi might be opened, and when they were opened, he saw that numberless hosts of angels were present. And we, though we cannot see them, yet feel their presence. Our eyes were shut, so long as the bodies of the saints lay hidden. The Lord opened our eyes, and we saw the aids wherewith we have been often protected. We used not to see them, but yet we had them. And so, as though the Lord had said to us when trembling, "See what great martyrs I have given you," so we with opened eyes behold the glory of the Lord, which is passed in the passion of the martyrs, and present in their working. We have escaped, brethren, no slight lead of shame; we had patrons and knew it not. We have found this one thing, in which we seem to excel those who have gone before us. That knowledge of the martyrs, which they lost, we have regained.
12. The glorious relics are taken out of an ignoble burying-place, the trophies are displayed under heaven. The tomb is wet with blood. The marks of the bloody triumph are present, the relics are found undisturbed in their order, the head separated from the body. Old men now repeat that they once heard the names of these martyrs and read their titles. The city which had carried off the martyrs of other places had lost her own. Though this be the gift of God, yet I cannot deny the favour which the Lord Jesus has granted to the time of my priesthood, and since I myself am not worthy to be a martyr, I have obtained these matryrs for you.
13. Let these triumphant victims be brought to the place where Christ is the victim. But He upon the altar, Who suffered for all; they beneath the altar, who were redeemed by His Passion. I had destined this place for myself, for it is fitting that the priest should rest there where he has been wont to offer, but I yield the right hand portion to the sacred victims; that place was due to the martyrs. Let us, then, deposit the sacred relics, and lay them up in a worthy resting-place, and let us celebrate the whole day with faithful devotion.
14. The people called out and demanded that the deposition of the martyrs should be postponed until the Lord's day, but at length it was agreed that it should take place the following day. On the following day again I preached to the people on this sort.
15. Yesterday I handled the verse, "Day unto day uttereth speech,"21 as my ability enabled me; to-day holy Scripture seems to me not only to have prophesied in former times, but even at the present. For when I behold your holy celebration continued day and night, the oracles of the prophet's song have declared that these days, yesterday and to-day, are the days of which it is most opportunely said: "Day unto day uttereth speech;" and these the nights of which it is most fittingly said that "Night unto night showeth knowledge." For what else but the Word of God have you during these two days uttered with inmost affection, and have proved yourselves to have the knowledge of the faith.
16. And they who usually do so have a grudge against this solemnity of yours; and since because of their envious disposition they cannot endure this solemnity, they hate the cause of it, and go so far in their madness as to deny the merits of the martyrs, whose deeds even the evil spirits confess. But this is not to be wondered at since such is the faithlessness of unbelievers that the confession of the devil is often more easy to endure. For the devil said: "Jesus, Son of the living God, why art Thou come to torment us before the time?"22 And the Jews hearing this, even themselves denied Him to be the Son of God. And at this time you have heard the devils crying out, and confessing to the martys that they cannot bear their sufferings, and saying, "Why are ye come to torment us so severely?" And the Arians say: "These are not martys, and they cannot torment the devil, nor deliver any one, while the torments of the devils are proved by their own words, and the benefits of the martyrs are declared by the restoring of the healed, and the proof of those that are loosed.
17. They deny that the blind man received sight, but he denies not that he is healed. He says: I who could not see now see. He says: I ceased to be blind, and proves it by the fact. They deny the benefit, who are unable to deny the fact.23 The man is known: so long as he was well he was employed in the public service; his name is Severus, a butcher by trade. He had given up his occupation when this hindrance betel him. He calls for evidence those persons by whose kindness he was supported; he adduces those as able to affirm the truth of his visitation whom he had as witnesses of his blindness. He declares that when he touched the hem of the robe of the martyrs, wherewith the sacred relics were covered, his sight was restored.
18. Is not this like that which we read in the Gospel? For we praise the power of the same Author in each case, nor does it be a work or a gift, since He confers a gift in His works, and works in His gift. For that which He gave to others to be done, this His Name effects in the work of others. So we read in the Gospel, that the Jews, when they saw the gift of healing in the blind man, called for the testimony of his parents, and asked: "How doth your son see?" when he said: "Whereas I was blind, now I see."24 And in this case the man says, "I was blind and now I see." Ask others if you do not believe me; ask strangers if you think his parents are in collusion with me. The obstinacy of these men is more hateful than that of the Jews, for the latter, when they doubted, at least asked his parents; the others enquire in secret and deny in public, incredulous not as to the work, but as to its Author.
19. But I ask what it is that they do not believe; is it whether any one can be aided by the martyrs? This is the same thing as not to believe Christ, for He Himself said: "Ye shall do greater things than these."25 How? By those martyrs whose merits have been long efficacious, whose bodies were long since found? Here I ask, do they bear a grudge against me, or against the holy martyrs? If against me, are any miracles wrought by me? by my means or in my name? Why, then, grudge me what is not mine? If it be against the martyrs (for if they bear no grudge against me, it can only be against them), they show that the martyrs were of another faith than that which they believe. For otherwise they would not have any feeling against their works, did they not judge that they have not the faith which was in them, that faith established by the tradition of our forefathers, which the devils themselves cannot deny, but the Arians do.
21. We have to-day heard those on whom hands were laid say, that no one can be saved unless he believe in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; that he is dead and buried who denies the Holy Spirit, and believes not the almighty power of the Trinity. The devil confesses this, but the Arians refuse to do so. The devil says: Let him who denies the Godhead of the Holy Spirit be so tormented as himself was tormented by the martyrs.
22. I do not accept the devil's testimony but his confession. The devil spoke unwillingly, being compelled and tormented. That which wickedness suppresses, torture extracts. The devil yields to blows, and the Arians have not yet learned to yield. How great have been their sufferings, and yet. like Pharaoh, they are hardened by their calamities! The devil said, as we find it written: "I know Thee Who Thou art, Thou art the Son of the living God."26 And the Jews said: "We know not whence He is."27 The evil spirits said to-day, yesterday, and during the night, We know that ye are martyrs. And the Arians say, We know not, we will not understand, we will not believe. The evil spirits say to the martyrs, Ye are come to destroy us. The Arians say, The torments of the devils are not real but fictitious and made-up tales. I have heard of many things being made up, but no one has ever been able to feign that he was an evil spirit. What is the meaning of the torment we see in those on whom hands are laid? What room is there here for fraud? what suspicion of pretence?
23. But I will not make use of the voice of evil spirits in support of the martyrs. Their holy sufferings are proved by the benefits they confer. These have persons to judge of them, namely, those who are cleansed, and witnesses, namely, those who are set free. That voice is better than that of devils, which the soundness of those utters who came infirm; better is the voice which blood sends forth, for blood has a loud voice reaching from earth to heaven. You have read how God said: "Thy brother's blood crieth unto Me."28 This blood cries by its colour, the blood cries by the voice of its effects, the blood cries by the triumph of its passion. We have acceded to your request, and have postponed till to-day the deposition of the relics which was to have taken place yesterday.
Notes
51 Phil. ii. 7, Phil. ii. 8.
52 Rom. v. 19.
53 Ps. lxiv. [lxiii.] 7.
54 S. Luke xx. 4.
55 Isa. ix. 6.
56 Eph. iv. 5.
1 This was probably the church now known as Sant Ambrogio, at Milan, where St. Ambrose and his brother, together with SS. Gervasius and Protasius, now rest. Of course the church has been rebuilt, though in ancient times. The church of SS. Nabor and Felix is that now called San Francisco.
2 This laying on of hands was not confirmation, but for the exorcising of those possessed of evil spirits, the energameni. See Dict. Chr. Ant. s.v. "Exorcism."
3 [Urna.] But it would seem, though all ms. authority supports this reading, as though una, "a woman," must be the true one. For from the context it would seem plain that one of those brought in was thrown prostrate, and there is no connection in which an "urn" could be brought into the narrative. See Fleury, XVIII. 47.
4 Now SS. Vitalis and Agricola.
5 This statement is corroborated by St. Augustine, Conf. IX. 7; De Civ. Dei. XXII. 8, 2; and Sermo de Diversis, CCLXXVI. 5.
6 Ps. xix. [xviii.] 1.
7 Phil. iii. 20.
8 S. Mark iii. 17.
9 S. John i. 1.
10 S. John i. 17, John i. 18.
11 Job xxxiii. 4.
12 Ps. xix. [xviii.] 2.
13 Ps. cxiii. [cxii.] 5, Ps. cxiii. [cxii.] 6.
14 Ps. cxiii. [cxiii.] 7.
15 Ps. cxiii. [cxii.] 8.
16 Ps. xix. [xviii.] 2.
17 1 Cor. xv. 41.
18 3 This would seem to refer to the persecution stirred up by Justina, in order to gain one of the churches for Arian use. The following sentence: "Tales ego ambio defensores," was inscribed by St. Charles Borromeo on a banner of SS. Gervasius and Protasius, which he caused to be made and carried in procession through Milan at the time of the great plague.
19 Ps. xx. [xix.] 8.
20 2 [4] Kings vi. 16.
21 Ps. xix. [xviii.] 2.
22 S. Matt. viii. 29.
23 The truth of this miracle, of which, unless it took place, St. Ambrose could not have spoken in a public address, is also supported by St. Augustine, who was at this time in Milan, and if not himself on the spot, as he may well have been, would at least know whether such an event had taken place. See St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei. XXII. 8, and specially, Sermo in natali Martyrum Gervasii et Protasii.
24 S. John ix. 25.
25 S. John xiv. 12.
26 S. Mark i. 24.
27 S. John ix. 30.
28 Gen. iv. 10.
1 Ps. cxix. [cxviii.] 46.
2 Ezek. iii. 17, Ezek. iii. 20, Ezek. iii. 21.
3 2 Tim. iv. 2.
4 S. Matt. x. 19, Matt. 20.
5 Rom. x. 2
6 S. Matt. xviii. 15 ff.
7 Proevaricator, in a civil case, one who acts collusively with the defendant, and betrays the other side. Hence in ecclesiastical Latin the word came to mean Apostate.
8 A Canon [60] of the Council of Elvira, a.d. 305 or 6, lays down that if any one is killed for breaking idols, he is not to be reckoned as a martyr, but perhaps St. Ambrose here considers the burning of the synagogue as a retaliation for the destruction of churches.
9 The miracles of this nature which prevented the rebuilding of the Jewish Temple are mentioned by the usual ecclesiastical historians, and confirmed by the heathen Ammianus Marcellinus, XXIII. I.
10 Jer. vii. 14.
Source.
Early Church Fathers. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. X
@ Christian Classics Ethereal Libary
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Il 7 giugno 386, nella zona cimiteriale di Porta Vercellina (nell'area compresa tra la basilica di S. Ambrogio, l'Università Cattolica e la caserma Garibaldi), nel sottosuolo antistante la basilica cimiteriale dei SS. Nabore e Felice, s. Ambrogio fece operare uno scavo: vi si trovarono i corpi dei due martiri il cui ricordo era andato praticamente perduto nella Chiesa di Milano: tuttavia i vecchi, ad invenzione avvenuta, affermarono di averne sentito, un tempo, i nomi e di averne letta l'iscrizione sepolcrale. S. Agostino, presente a Milano in quegli anni e Paolino di Milano, segretario e biografo di s. Ambrogio dicono che il santo ebbe una rivelazione (i due scritti sono rispettivamente del 397-401 e del 422); s. Ambrogio, invece, scrivendo alla sorella Marcellina la cronaca di quegli avvenimenti, parla solo di un presentimento.
La sera del 18 giugno le sacre spoglie furono trasportate nella vicina basilica Fausta per una veglia notturna di preghiere: il giorno seguente, venerdí 19 giugno, esse furono solennemente traslate, con un grandissimo, entusiastico concorso di popolo, nella basilica detta attualmente di S. Ambrogio, che si era appena finito di costruire, per consacrarla con questa deposizione di reliquie. S. Ambrogio dice d'aver predisposto il luogo sotto l'altare della nuova basilica come sua tomba: scoperti i corpi dei due martiri, cedette loro dexteram portionem.
Da quanto consta dalle fonti sopraindicate, sembra da escludersi in modo assoluto che l'invenzione dei corpi dei martiri Gervasio e Protasio sia stata un espediente di Ambrogio per meglio resistere, attraverso l'entusiasmo delle folle, alla corte in generale ed a Giustina in particolare, che pretendevano la consegna agli ariani di una basilica milanese; parimenti affatto gratuita è l'opinione che i due martiri siano una trasposizione cristiana dei Dioscuri.
La traslazione delle reliquie dei martiri Gervasio e Protasio fatta da Ambrogio a scopo liturgico, sull'esempio delle traslazioni liturgiche orientali, ebbe un influsso notevole in tutto l'Occidente, segnando una svolta decisiva nella storia del culto dei santi e delle loro reliquie.
I due santi godettero subito di una notevole popolarità, soprattutto in Occidente: furono particolarmente venerati in Italia, a Ravenna, a Brescia ed a Roma, dove, sotto il pontificato di Innocenzo I (402-417), la matrona Vestina eresse una chiesa dedicata in loro onore, l'attuale S. Vitale in via Nazionale; in Gallia, a Vienne ed a Rouen; in Spagna, a Carmona; in Africa, a Cartagine. L'anniversario della invenzione dei loro corpi ben presto entrò nei piú importanti Calendari e Sacramentari, come il Calendario Cartaginese, il Sacramentario Gregoriano ed il Martirologio Geronimiano che li ricordano tutti, concordemente, il 19 giugno Il Geronimiano, poi, li ricorda anche altre volte: il 20 maggio (sembra per un errore di lettura e di trascrizione); il 28 luglio, giorno dei ss. Nazario e Celso, nei cui Atti si parla anche dei ss. Gervasio e Protasio ed il 30 ottobre (per cause ignote).
Data la fama dei due santi e la scarsità delle notizie che li concernevano, tra la fine del sec, V e l'inizio del VI, un autore rimasto anonimo, ne compose la passio, inserendola in una lettera falsamente attribuita a s. Ambrogio, nella quale, autore della passio stessa, figura nientemeno che Filippo, il primo grande benefattore della Chiesa di Milano al tempo del vescovo s. Caio, il quale avrebbe sepolto i due santi nella sua casa.
La passio presenta Gervasio e Protasio come figli gemelli dei ss. Vitale e Valeria. Morti i genitori, i due fratelli vendettero i beni di famiglia, ne distribui rono il ricavato ai poveri e si ritirarono in una casetta ove passarono dieci anni in preghiera e me ditazione. Denunziati come cristiani ad Astasio, di passaggio per Milano diretto alla guerra contro i Marcomanni, non vollero assolutamente sacrificare e perciò furono condannati a morte. Gervasio morí sotto i colpi dei flagelli, Protasio venne invece decapitato.
La leggenda intorno ai nostri martiri si arricchì di ulteriori precisazioni: la Datiana historia eccle siae Mediolanensis afferma che i due santi furono convertiti al Cristianesimo, assieme ai loro genitori, nobilissimi cittadini di Milano, dal vescovo s. Caio che avrebbe retto la Chiesa della città dal 63 all'85 e il loro martirio sarebbe avvenuto ai tempi di Nerone (54-68).
In realtà sembra che il martirio di Gervasio e Protasio si debba attribuire o alla persecuzione di Diocleziano (e perciò all'inizio del sec. IV) o molto piú probabilmente a qualcuna delle persecuzioni della metà del sec. III (di Decio o Valeriano).
Importante è la ricognizione delle reliquie dei ss. Ambrogio, Gervasio e Protasio avvenuta poco dopo la metà del sec. scorso, e precisamente negli anni 1864 e 1871. Il 13 gennaio 1864, sotto l'altare maggiore della basilica di S. Ambrogio, furono trovati due loculi: verso nord (e cioè a destra di chi celebra con la faccia rivolta verso il popolo) il loculo piú grande dei due martiri, a sinistra, quello piú stretto di s. Ambrogio. I corpi erano rimasti in quei due loculi fino all'anno 835, circa, allorché l'arcivescovo Angelberto II, in occasione del rifacimento totale della cadente basilica del sec. IV e della costruzione dell'altare d'oro del maestro Wolvinio, li riuní in una sola urna di porfido (anch'essa scoperta, ma non aperta nel 1864) che venne disposta in senso trasversale sopra i ,due loculi che furono lasciati vuoti in situ. L'8 agosto 1871, per ordine dell'arcivescovo Luigi Nazari di Calabiana, I'urna di porfido fu scoperchiata. Era per due terzi piena di acqua limpida; sul fondo stavano i tre scheletri che, esaminati diligentemente, risultarono appartenenti ad uomini che misuravano rispettivamente cm. 163 (s. Ambrogio), 180 e 181 (Gervasio e Protasio). Risulterebbe da indagini fatte allora ed in seguito, che una ricognizione dei loro corpi doveva essere avvenuta tra la fine del sec. V e l'inizio del VI.
Quando nel 1871 si annunciò la scoperta milanese dei corpi dei ss. Gervasio e Protasio, cinque città asseritono di possederli anch'esse e proteste vivacissime presso la cur1a di Milano furono fatte soprattutto dalla città di Alt Breisach sul Reno.
La festa dei due martiri viene celebrata il 19 giugno anniversario della loro solenne traslazione del 386 nella basilica di S. Ambrogio; il 14 maggio la liturgia ambrosiana ricorda la reposizione dei corpi dei ss. Ambrogio, Gervasio e Protasio nella nuova, attuale urna preziosa, eseguita nell'anno 1874, dopo la ricognizione del 1871.
Autore: Antonio Rimoldi
Santi Gervasio e Protasio Martiri
sec. II-III
A
chi visita la basilica milanese di Sant'Ambrogio il nome di Gervaso e Protaso,
martiri del II secolo, potrà dire poco. Ma se si scende nella cripta ecco le
loro reliquie accanto alla tomba del vescovo. Fu infatti Ambrogio a far scavare
davanti alla basilica dei santi Nabore e Felice, a Porta Vercellina. E lì
rinvenne i resti dei due martiri vissuti due secoli prima e quasi dimenticati.
Dopo la traslazione nella basilica sono diventati "pietre angolari"
della diocesi.
Etimologia: Gervasio = dalla lancia acuta, dal
tedesco
Emblema: Palma
Martirologio
Romano: A Milano, commemorazione
dei santi Gervasio e Protasio, martiri, i cui corpi furono rinvenuti da
sant’Ambrogio e in questo giorno solennemente traslati nella nuova basilica da
lui costruita.
GERVASIO e PROTASIO,
santi, martiri a MILANO
Le notizie piú antiche sui santi Gervasio e Protasio risalgono al 386, anno della invenzione dei loro corpi a Milano ad opera di s. Ambrogio.
Le notizie piú antiche sui santi Gervasio e Protasio risalgono al 386, anno della invenzione dei loro corpi a Milano ad opera di s. Ambrogio.
Il 7 giugno 386, nella zona cimiteriale di Porta Vercellina (nell'area compresa tra la basilica di S. Ambrogio, l'Università Cattolica e la caserma Garibaldi), nel sottosuolo antistante la basilica cimiteriale dei SS. Nabore e Felice, s. Ambrogio fece operare uno scavo: vi si trovarono i corpi dei due martiri il cui ricordo era andato praticamente perduto nella Chiesa di Milano: tuttavia i vecchi, ad invenzione avvenuta, affermarono di averne sentito, un tempo, i nomi e di averne letta l'iscrizione sepolcrale. S. Agostino, presente a Milano in quegli anni e Paolino di Milano, segretario e biografo di s. Ambrogio dicono che il santo ebbe una rivelazione (i due scritti sono rispettivamente del 397-401 e del 422); s. Ambrogio, invece, scrivendo alla sorella Marcellina la cronaca di quegli avvenimenti, parla solo di un presentimento.
La sera del 18 giugno le sacre spoglie furono trasportate nella vicina basilica Fausta per una veglia notturna di preghiere: il giorno seguente, venerdí 19 giugno, esse furono solennemente traslate, con un grandissimo, entusiastico concorso di popolo, nella basilica detta attualmente di S. Ambrogio, che si era appena finito di costruire, per consacrarla con questa deposizione di reliquie. S. Ambrogio dice d'aver predisposto il luogo sotto l'altare della nuova basilica come sua tomba: scoperti i corpi dei due martiri, cedette loro dexteram portionem.
Da quanto consta dalle fonti sopraindicate, sembra da escludersi in modo assoluto che l'invenzione dei corpi dei martiri Gervasio e Protasio sia stata un espediente di Ambrogio per meglio resistere, attraverso l'entusiasmo delle folle, alla corte in generale ed a Giustina in particolare, che pretendevano la consegna agli ariani di una basilica milanese; parimenti affatto gratuita è l'opinione che i due martiri siano una trasposizione cristiana dei Dioscuri.
La traslazione delle reliquie dei martiri Gervasio e Protasio fatta da Ambrogio a scopo liturgico, sull'esempio delle traslazioni liturgiche orientali, ebbe un influsso notevole in tutto l'Occidente, segnando una svolta decisiva nella storia del culto dei santi e delle loro reliquie.
I due santi godettero subito di una notevole popolarità, soprattutto in Occidente: furono particolarmente venerati in Italia, a Ravenna, a Brescia ed a Roma, dove, sotto il pontificato di Innocenzo I (402-417), la matrona Vestina eresse una chiesa dedicata in loro onore, l'attuale S. Vitale in via Nazionale; in Gallia, a Vienne ed a Rouen; in Spagna, a Carmona; in Africa, a Cartagine. L'anniversario della invenzione dei loro corpi ben presto entrò nei piú importanti Calendari e Sacramentari, come il Calendario Cartaginese, il Sacramentario Gregoriano ed il Martirologio Geronimiano che li ricordano tutti, concordemente, il 19 giugno Il Geronimiano, poi, li ricorda anche altre volte: il 20 maggio (sembra per un errore di lettura e di trascrizione); il 28 luglio, giorno dei ss. Nazario e Celso, nei cui Atti si parla anche dei ss. Gervasio e Protasio ed il 30 ottobre (per cause ignote).
Data la fama dei due santi e la scarsità delle notizie che li concernevano, tra la fine del sec, V e l'inizio del VI, un autore rimasto anonimo, ne compose la passio, inserendola in una lettera falsamente attribuita a s. Ambrogio, nella quale, autore della passio stessa, figura nientemeno che Filippo, il primo grande benefattore della Chiesa di Milano al tempo del vescovo s. Caio, il quale avrebbe sepolto i due santi nella sua casa.
La passio presenta Gervasio e Protasio come figli gemelli dei ss. Vitale e Valeria. Morti i genitori, i due fratelli vendettero i beni di famiglia, ne distribui rono il ricavato ai poveri e si ritirarono in una casetta ove passarono dieci anni in preghiera e me ditazione. Denunziati come cristiani ad Astasio, di passaggio per Milano diretto alla guerra contro i Marcomanni, non vollero assolutamente sacrificare e perciò furono condannati a morte. Gervasio morí sotto i colpi dei flagelli, Protasio venne invece decapitato.
La leggenda intorno ai nostri martiri si arricchì di ulteriori precisazioni: la Datiana historia eccle siae Mediolanensis afferma che i due santi furono convertiti al Cristianesimo, assieme ai loro genitori, nobilissimi cittadini di Milano, dal vescovo s. Caio che avrebbe retto la Chiesa della città dal 63 all'85 e il loro martirio sarebbe avvenuto ai tempi di Nerone (54-68).
In realtà sembra che il martirio di Gervasio e Protasio si debba attribuire o alla persecuzione di Diocleziano (e perciò all'inizio del sec. IV) o molto piú probabilmente a qualcuna delle persecuzioni della metà del sec. III (di Decio o Valeriano).
Importante è la ricognizione delle reliquie dei ss. Ambrogio, Gervasio e Protasio avvenuta poco dopo la metà del sec. scorso, e precisamente negli anni 1864 e 1871. Il 13 gennaio 1864, sotto l'altare maggiore della basilica di S. Ambrogio, furono trovati due loculi: verso nord (e cioè a destra di chi celebra con la faccia rivolta verso il popolo) il loculo piú grande dei due martiri, a sinistra, quello piú stretto di s. Ambrogio. I corpi erano rimasti in quei due loculi fino all'anno 835, circa, allorché l'arcivescovo Angelberto II, in occasione del rifacimento totale della cadente basilica del sec. IV e della costruzione dell'altare d'oro del maestro Wolvinio, li riuní in una sola urna di porfido (anch'essa scoperta, ma non aperta nel 1864) che venne disposta in senso trasversale sopra i ,due loculi che furono lasciati vuoti in situ. L'8 agosto 1871, per ordine dell'arcivescovo Luigi Nazari di Calabiana, I'urna di porfido fu scoperchiata. Era per due terzi piena di acqua limpida; sul fondo stavano i tre scheletri che, esaminati diligentemente, risultarono appartenenti ad uomini che misuravano rispettivamente cm. 163 (s. Ambrogio), 180 e 181 (Gervasio e Protasio). Risulterebbe da indagini fatte allora ed in seguito, che una ricognizione dei loro corpi doveva essere avvenuta tra la fine del sec. V e l'inizio del VI.
Quando nel 1871 si annunciò la scoperta milanese dei corpi dei ss. Gervasio e Protasio, cinque città asseritono di possederli anch'esse e proteste vivacissime presso la cur1a di Milano furono fatte soprattutto dalla città di Alt Breisach sul Reno.
La festa dei due martiri viene celebrata il 19 giugno anniversario della loro solenne traslazione del 386 nella basilica di S. Ambrogio; il 14 maggio la liturgia ambrosiana ricorda la reposizione dei corpi dei ss. Ambrogio, Gervasio e Protasio nella nuova, attuale urna preziosa, eseguita nell'anno 1874, dopo la ricognizione del 1871.
Autore: Antonio Rimoldi