View of Port Mooar, Maughold with North
Barrule in the background.
Saint Maughold
Évêque de l'île de Man (+ 488)
C'était un brigand irlandais que saint
Patrick convertit. Puis il l'envoya dans l'île de Man dont il devint
l'évêque.
Aussi connu sous les noms de Malcan, Malcaut, Machan,
Maugen, Mawan, Meugan, Meygan, Moygan, Migan, Maugand, Malgand, Magaldus...
Dans l’île de Man, entre le pays de Galles et
l’Irlande, au Ve siècle, saint Macal ou Maugan, évêque, doté d’une sainteté
d’or. (au 27 avril au martyrologe romain)
Martyrologe romain
April 25
St. Macull, of Ireland,
Confessor
[In Latin,
Macallius; called by the common people Maughold.] HE was an Irish
prince, and captain of robbers, or freebooters, whom St. Patrick converted to
the faith. By baptism he was so changed into a new man, as to appear at once to
have put on perfectly the spirit of Christ. To cut off all dangerous occasions
and commerce, he renounced the world, and retired into the Isle of Man, about
thirty English miles long, and nine broad, situated towards the coast of
Lancashire, in England. In the acts of this saint, and in Gildas, it is called
Eubonia, by Ptolemy Monoëda, from the British Moneitha, i. e. the
further or more northern Mona, to distinguish it from the Isle of Anglesey, on
the coast of Wales, called by the ancients Mona. St. Patrick had before sent to
this island St. Germanus, whom he had ordained bishop, that he might plant a
church there. He is honoured as the apostle of this island, and in his name is
the cathedral church in Peel-castle dedicated. Upon the death of St. Germanus,
St. Patrick sent thither two other preachers, named Conindrius and Romulus. In
their time, St. Macull arrived there in an open boat, and, after their death,
he is said to have been chosen bishop in 498, by the unanimous consent of the
Manks nation. He had till then led an austere penitential life, in the
mountainous tract, which, from him, is called St. Maughold, and where a city
was afterwards built, which bears the same name, though now scarcely a village,
Ramsey being the only town within this tract or parish. The saint, by his
labours and example, exceedingly enlarged the kingdom of Christ in this island.
In what year he died is uncertain. He is honoured in the British and Irish
Calendars.
A famous
monastery formerly flourished in this island, at Russin, now, from its
wonderful castle, called Castletown, the present capital of the island, and
residence of the governor.—In Peeling, the ancient capital, besides the
cathedral, there is a parish church, of which St. Patrick is titular, and the
old palace of the bishop. Out of the eighteen parishes of the island, St.
Maughold gives name to that of the part about Ramsey.—In the church-yard is St.
Maughold’s well of very clear water, received in a large stone coffin. The
saint’s chair, as it is called, is placed above, in which a person was formerly
seated to drink a glass of the water for the cure of several disorders,
especially from poison. His shrine was formerly shown there, but was dispersed
since the change of religion. See his life in Colgan’s MS. Lives of Irish
Saints, on the 25th of April.—Also the Description of the Isle of Man, given by
Sacheverell, the governor, p. 11 and 110.
Rev. Alban
Butler (1711–73). Volume IV: April. The Lives of the Saints. 1866
Maughold of Man B (AC)
(also known as Macaille, Maccaldus, Machalus, Machella, Maghor, Maccul) Died c.
488; feast day formerly December 28.
Saint Maughold was an Irish
prince and reputedly a captain of robbers who was converted by Patrick. Upon
his conversion, he became a new man by putting on the spirit of Christ. One
version of the legend says that Patrick told him to put to sea in a coracle
without oars as a penance for his evil deeds. Another says that he set sail in
order to avoid the temptations of the world. In both stories, he retired to the
Isle of Man (Eubonia) off the coast of Lancashire, England.
Earlier Patrick had sent
his nephew, Saint Germanus, as bishop to plant the Church on the island.
Germanus was succeeded by Saints Romulus and Conindrus during whose time
Maughold arrived on the island and began to live an austere, penitential life
in the mountainous area now named after him Saint Maughold. After their deaths,
Maughold was unanimously chosen as bishop by the Manks.
In one of the 18 parish
churchyards on the island can be found Saint Maughold's well. The very clear
water of the well is received in a large stone coffin. Those seeking cures of
various ailments, particularly poisoning, are seated in the saint's chair just
above the well and given a glass of well-water to drink. Maughold's shrine was
here until the relics were scattered during the Reformation.
Maughold, commemorated in
both the British and Irish calendars, is described in the Martyrology of Oengus
as "a rod of gold, a vast ingot, the great bishop MacCaille." Many
topological features on the Isle of Man, which he divided into 25 parishes,
bear Maughold's name. A church at Castletown, Scotland, is dedicated to him.
William Worcestre said that he was a native of the Orkneys, and that his shrine
was on the Isle of Man (Attwater, Benedictines, Encyclopedia, Farmer, Gill,
Husenbeth, Montague).
Also
known as
- Apostle of the Isle of Man
- Macaille
- Macaldus
- Macallius
- Macc Cuill
- Maccaldus
- Maccul
- Machalus
- Machaoi
- Machella
- Macull
- Maghor
- Maguil
- Mawgan
- Morgan
- Mauchold
Profile
It was on the Isle of Man that this saint is said to have landed on from
Ireland. He has a number of variations to his name: one is Machalus
and another is MacCaille. Is he the patron saint of the Isle of Man? Patrick
Duffy writes about some of the traditions associated with him.
Kirk Maughold
Towards the north-east corner of the Isle of Man near Ramsey is the
parish of Kirk Maughold. It has a headland called Maughold Head (373 feet),
which derives its name from St. Maughold, or Machalus. Tradition says the saint
landed at the foot of this headland towards the close of the 5th century and
established himself in a cave in the mountain side.
An Irish prince and pirate
The legend about Maughold or Machalus is that he was an Irish prince who
was a pirate. It is said that St Patrick baptised him and then urged him to
change his life: as a penance for his previous crimes, Patrick ordered him to
abandon himself to God in a wicker boat without oars. Maughold is said to have
come ashore on the Isle of Man at the headland known today by his name. He
entered into a cave in the mountains there and lived a life of austerity and
piety. He was eventually chosen by the local people as their bishop.
St Maughold’s Well Holy Well or Sacred Spring
St Maughold’s Well
There is still a church and graveyard dedicated to the saint at the
place near where he landed. On the brow of the hill not far away there is a
holy well. A ledge of rock nearby is called St Maughold’s “chair”. A favourite
devotion of pilgrims has been to sit on the ledge, invoke the saint’s help,
drink the water of the well, which is said to prevent poison.
Martyrology of Oengus
The Martyrology of Oengus describes our saint as
“a rod of gold,
a vast ingot,
the great bishop MacCaille.”
Another Machalus? St MacCaille of Croghan, Co
Offaly
There is another saint of this name: St MacCaille, a bishop, associated with
Croghan, Co Offaly. St Brigid is said to have approached him with seven
companions wanting to dedicate themselves as virgins to God. He received their
vows. Later they moved to Ardagh and St Brigid came to St Mel for
profession. St MacCaille was present during the ceremony. A
mysterious manifestation of the Holy Spirit caused St Mel inadvertently to read
over her the prayer episcopal consecration. When St MacCaille protested, Mel said
he was convinced that this had happened according to the will of God and
insisted that the consecration should stand.
And another!
There was a chapel near Chapeltown in Banffshire, Scotland, known as
Kilmaichlie, which seems to refer to the Isle of Man saint, who may
have had some connection with Scotland – either through himself or his
disciples.
ST. MAUGHOLD the sixth Bishop of Man, was an
Irish Prince, who had formerly been the chief of banditti, and having been
converted and baptized by St, Patrick, he resolved to avoid temptation by
abandoning the world. He embarked in a wicker boat, which drifted before the
north wind towards the Isle of Man, where he was cast ashore at the headland
still known by his name. He afterwards retired to a cave in the mountains,
where, by the austerity of his manners and fervent piety, he became so eminent
that he was unanimously chosen Bishop of Man by the natives, A.D. 498.
I'LL tell you
the legend as well as, I can,
Of St. Maughold, a pious old Bishop of Man.
This man (like
his father)
Was profligate, rather
At least he had been
In an earlier scene,
If his sins we could fish up,
Before he was bishop;
He led his poor wife,
It is said, a sad life,
Would cheat her and beat her,
And often ill-treat her;
Nay, threaten to kick her,
When he was in liquor,
Though now a saint, yet he
Was once-of banditti
The captain or leader, as
fierce as could be,
In that island which Moore calls the " Gem of the sea."
And wherever he
went,
He on. plunder was bent,
But after a few years began
to repent;
So they sent him
afloat
In a flat leather boat,
In very rough weather,
His hands tied together,
With bolts on his feet,
And no victuals to eat;
So he sang (while on waves
he continued to ride)
I'm afloat, I'm afloat, on the fierce rolling tide,
At length he was
thrown
On an island unknown;
Or at least very few,
At that period knew,
That where the boat ran,
Was the Island of Man;
And St Patrick (the Saint),
Pick'd him up rather faint.
Yet this man became-and
believe it who can
A worthy respectable Bishop of Man.
Ay, and such was
his fame,
That he got a great name,
And then lost her heart, say some folks (as a quiz at him),
And soon took
the veil,
When she saw him so pale,
With fasting so much of late,
His follies to expiate,
So thus he became ay,
believe it who can
worthy respectable Bishop of Man.
And in Mona's
fair Isle,
This saint lived for a while,
Where there's now a famed well,
Which contains, as they tell,
On account of its famous medicinal virtues.
But then, don't
you see?
That its efficacy,
To Man's sons and daughters
Who drank of these waters,
Was chiefly enhanced
(though they tasted like paint)
By drinking them off in the chair of the saint -
Not a modem
stuffed chair,
But a hard one and bare,
Which no one now, to sit in would care,
Where the saint, with hair shirt,
And all covered with dirt,
Would repent his misdeeds,
And count over his beads.
So I've given the tale, as
well told as I can,
In verse, of St. Maughold, the Bishop of Man.
Saint MAUGHOLD
Macc Cuill (Manx Maughold) bishop 489 d.498
Feast day April 25 (Farmer quotes April 27)
Kneen quotes Nov 15 (from Machud
Episcopus in 'Martyrology of Donegal') which was known in Manx
as Laa'l Maghald geuree Maughold's winter feast day and August 11th
as Laa'l Maghald toshee Maugholds first feast day. On both days fairs
were held in Maughold.
The April feast day may be a result of confusion with
St Machalus who in the Scottish Calendar had this feast day and of whom was
stated 'He is called also Machella and Mauchold. He sat bishop in AD 498 and
518'.
According to Farmer nothing is known about him except
the legend that he was a robber from Druimm moccu Echach in Ulster, converted
by St Patrick. It is likely that this story (possibly elaborated from existing
Ulster legends) was due to Jocelin, of Furness Abbey, in his life of St Patrick
written c1185 mainly to please John de Courci, Anglo-Norman conqueror of Ulster
and brother in law to the King of Mann.
Demsey gives a vivid account of the Manx legend that
Mac Cuill, feigning sickness to deceive St Patrick was actually found to be
dead by his companions and had life breathed back into him by St Patrick. On
Mac Cuill's instant conversion Patrick required that he depart alone in a small
boat, with no provisions and upon reaching land was to fetter his feet and
throw away the key. Following these instructions Mac Cuill reached Mann and
being received by the original bishops Coniunri and Romul welcomed him and after
examination found his conversion genuine. He was eventually raised to holy
orders and after the miraculous discovery, in the belly of a fish, of the key
to his fetters was ordained and appointed bishop on the death of his
benefactors. A somewhat less reverent retelling is given in Mona
Miscellany p220
Patron saint of Maughold
Parish
References
J.J.Kneen The Place-Names of the Isle of Man
Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh (The Manx Society) 1925- Republished
1970
Olaf Kolsrud The Celtic Bishops in the Isle of Man, the Hebrides and
Orkney
Zeitschrift fur Celtic Philologie IX pp357/79 1913
D.H.Farmer The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 1978
William S Demsey,. History of the Catholic Church in the Isle of Man Wigan:
Birchly Hall Press 1958
SOURCE : http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/parishes/md/stmaugh.htm
Den hellige Maughold av Isle of Man (d. ~498)
Minnedag: 27.
april
Den hellige Maughold (Machalus, Machella, Macaille,
Maguil, Maccul, Macull, Maghor, Machaoi, Mawgan, Macc Cuill; lat: Maccaldus)
æres på øya Isle of Man i Irskesjøen, hvor karakteristiske topografiske trekk
bæres hans navn. Han kalles for øyas fjerde (eller sjette) biskop. Charles
O’Conor (1764-1828) skriver i Rerum Hibernicarum scriptores veteres: A.D.
471, Germano primo Mannias episcopo defuncto duo successores a S. Patricio
ordinati sunt, Conindrus et Romulus, quibus postea successit Maccaldus. Vi
kjenner ingen detaljer om hans liv, bare legender.
I biografien om den hellige Patrick av Irland (385-461)
(Pádraig) heter det at Maughold var en blodtørstig sjørøver fra Druimm moccu
Echach i provinsen Ulster i det nordlige Irland. Han plyndret reisende og hadde
ikke noen respekt verken for denne misjonsbiskopen eller den Gud som han
forkynte. Da Patrick var i Saul, la Maughold og hans gjeng planer for et
komplott. En av røverne, Garban, skulle spille død, bli dekket av en kappe og
ligge i veikanten. Når Patrick kom forbi, ville Maughold spørre ham om å be
over den døde, og når han avdekket «liket», ville hele banden gå løs på ham.
Men komplottet gikk ikke etter planen. Da kappen ble
løftet opp, var Garban virkelig død. Sjokket for røverne var så enormt at de
falt på kne for den gode biskopen, bekjente sin skyld og tryglet ham om å
hjelpe deres kamerat. Patrick ba over dem, og Garban ble brakt tilbake til
livet. Biskopen ga dem ordre om å levere alt røvet gods tilbake til de
rettmessige eierne.
Som bot for Maugholds tidligere ugjerninger forviste
Patrick ham fra Irland og ba ham sette seg i en coracle [liten bred
båt av vier trukket med skinn] uten årer og tjene Gud der fartøyet måtte bringe
ham. En annen versjon sier at han satte seil for å unngå denne verdens
fristelser. I begge versjonene drev han til øya Evonia (Man) utenfor kysten av
Lancashire i England. Han ble påsatt en fotlenke og nøkkelen kastet i havet-
Tidligere hadde
Patrick sendt sin nevø Germanus for å plante kristendommen på øya. Germanus
ble etterfulgt av de hellige biskopene Rumilus og
Conindrius, og Maughold ble mottatt av disse to misjonærene da han kom til
øya. Legenden forteller at de tidligere samme dag hadde fanget en fisk som
viste seg å ha en nøkkel i magen. Denne nøkkelen passet i Maugholds fotjern,
slik at han ble fri fra dem. Biskopene tok ham inn i sitt hushold, og han ble
deres tjener. De lærte ham å lese og skrive, og med tiden ble han viet til
prest. Mens de to biskopene levde, synes Maughold å ha levd som eremitt på
nordøstsiden av øya, i et fjellområde som nå er oppkalt etter ham, Saint
Maughold.
Ved de to biskopenes død rundt 450 ble Maughold
enstemmig valgt til biskop av folket på øya og fortsatte
evangeliseringsarbeidet. Han blir svært anakronistisk tilskrevet oppdelingen av
øya i sytten sogn. Han skal ha besøkt Skottland og Wales, men han satte aldri
sine ben i Irland igjen.
Maughold skal ha
blitt biskop i 489. Han døde rundt 498 og han ble gravlagt i
den kirken som bærer hans navn. Hans minnedag er 27. april, men 28. desember
nevnes også (samme dag som Rumilus og Conindrius). Maughold minnes i både
britiske og irske kalendere. Han minnes i erkebispedømmet Liverpool. 15.
november var på manx kjent som Laa'l Maghald geuree (Maugholds
vinterfestdag) og 11. august som Laa'l Maghald toshee (Maugholds
første festdag). Begge dager ble det holdt markeder i Maughold.
På en av de atten sognekirkegårdene på øya, finner man
Saint Maughold’s well. Det svært klare vannet mottas i en stor steinkiste. De
som søkte helbredelse for ulike sykdommer, spesielt forgiftning, setter seg i
helgenens stol like overfor kilden og får et glass med vann fra kilden å
drikke. Maugholds skrin var her inntil relikviene ble spredt under
reformasjonen.
Man-krønikene, som ble skrevet av munkene ved
klosteret Rushen på øya og nå er i British Museum, forteller at en viking en
gang etter et slag i Ramsey planla å rane kirken, men den natten fikk han besøk
av Maughold, som slo ham på brystet tre ganger med staven sin. Han døde av et
hjerteanfall, og hans ledsagere skyndte seg å seile av gårde. Det gamle
våpenskjoldet for Isle of Man viste en biskop som sto i en båt med en stjerne
og en nøkkel over seg. Maughold er Isle of Mans fremste skytshelgen.
En kirke i Skottland er viet til ham i Castleton.
William Worcestre (ca 1415-85) forteller at han kom fra Orknøyene og at hans
skrin var på Isle of Man. Maughold er den lokale formen av hans navn på Man –
på irsk kalles han MacCuill, Maguil eller Maccul. I den hellige Oengus’
martyrologium (Félire) beskrives han som «en kvist av gull, en enorm
barre, den store biskop MacCaille», men dette synes nå å være en annen irsk
helgen og biskop, den hellige Macaille av Croghan i grevskapet Offaly, som
minnes den 25. april.
Kilder: Attwater/John, Attwater/Cumming, Farmer,
Butler (IV), Benedictines, Bunson, KIR, CSO, Patron Saints SQPN, Infocatho,
santiebeati.it, en.wikipedia.org, celt-saints, isle-of-man.com - Kompilasjon og
oversettelse: p. Per Einar Odden
Opprettet: 28. oktober 2011
SOURCE : http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/maughold
