Saint Corbinien
Évêque de Freising, en Bavière (+ 725)
SOURCE : https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1819/Saint-Corbinien.html
Franz Joseph Lederer (1676-1733). Porträtgemälde des
Hl. Korbinian, Bischof von Freising, im Fürstengang zwischen Fürstbischöflicher
Residenz und Freisinger Dom.
Saint Corbinien est né à Saint Germain de Châtres
(aujourd'hui Saint Germain lès Arpajon) en 680 où il créa un monastère. Sa
réputation grandissant, sa retraite devint un lieu de pèlerinage. En 716, il
part pour Rome voir le pape afin de lui demander de reconnaître son œuvre.
Ordonné évêque par Grégoire II, il repart en mission
en Gaule. Devenu encore plus célèbre il doit se retirer sept ans dans son
monastère de Saint Germain. Il retourne alors à Rome supplier le pape d'être
relevé de sa charge. Celui-ci lui demande cependant de continuer son
évangélisation.
Au cours d'un de ses voyages, pendant la traversée de
la Bavière, la légende raconte qu'il fut attaqué par un ours qui dévora son
âne. Corbinien, après avoir prié, lui ordonna de lui servir de monture. C'est
pourquoi il est souvent représenté accompagné d'un ours. Retenu par Grimoald, prince
de Bavière, il s'installa à Freising où il évangélisa la population et fit
bâtir une cathédrale. La ville devint le centre de la vie chrétienne bavaroise.
Il mourut le 8 septembre 730 au monastère de Weihenstephan, vénéré comme un
Père de la Foi. La châsse contenant les reliques du saint est conservée dans la
crypte de la cathédrale de Freising. Il est le Saint Patron du diocèse de
Munich-Freising.
Sa fête est célébrée le 8 septembre dans le diocèse
d'Évry et le 20 novembre en Bavière. L'ours de Saint Corbinien est représenté
sur les armoiries du pape Benoît XVI qui fut
archevêque de Munich-Freising. Ce dernier créa en 2010 le titre de cardinal-prêtre
de l'église San Corbiniano de Rome dont le premier titulaire est Monseigneur
Marx, l'archevêque de Munich-Freising.
Les tapisseries de
la cathédrale illustrent quelques passages importants de sa vie.
SOURCE : https://cathedrale-evry.net/textes/hommes.htm
S. Corbinianus adolescens - Castri vitam solitariam agit - Le jeune saint Corbinien mène une vie retirée à Châtres (Arpajon).
Hymne de Saint Corbinien
St. Corbinianus Romam venit et episcopus creatur - Saint Corbinien arrive à Rome où il est ordonné évêque.
Hymne an Sankt Korbinian
S. Corbinianus Adalbertum a supplicio liberat - Saint Corbinien libère Adalbert du supplice. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.
9 septembre
Saint Corbinien
Né à Châtres (Arpajon)1, fils du franc Valdéchise et de Corbinia qui
était peut-être celte, il reçut au baptême le nom de son père, mais élevé par
sa mère devenue veuve, il se fit appeler de son nom. Il vécut pendant une
quinzaine d'années en reclus, dans une cellule qu'il avait construit à côté
d'une église consacrée à saint Germain d'Auxerre (Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon) où
il formait des clercs pour le service pastoral.
Lors d'un pélerinage à Rome, il fut remarqué par
Grégoire II (715 + 731) qui lui conféra la consécration épiscopale et l'envoya
évangéliser les Gaules puis la Bavière où, aidé par le duc Grimoald de
Freising, il devint le premier évêque de ce qui sera plus tard une partie du
diocèse de Munich, encore que le premier évêque proprement résidentiel ne fut
que son successeur, Erimbert, installé et sacré par saint Boniface en 739.
On suppose qu'il mourut dans son diocèse le 8 ou le 9
septembre 725 : au matin, il prit un bain, se fit refaire la tonsure et,
après avoir célébré la messe, fut reconduit chez lui où, après avoir bu un peu
de vin et baisé le crucifix, il mourut paisiblement. Il avait demandé qu'on
l'enterra sur le Zeno-Berg, près Meran où sa dépouille resta jusqu'à ce qu'un
de ses successeurs, l'évêque Arbeo, qui fut aussi son biographe, le fit
transférer dans la crypte de la cathédrale Sainte-Marie de Freising (20
novembre 768).
En 1711, le curé de la paroisse Saint-Germain de Châtres (Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon) demanda au chapitre de Freising des reliques de saint Corbinien et il reçut une vertèbre, une côte entière et un fragment de côte qui furent mis dans une châsse de bois doré, exposée dans le mur, derrière le maître-autel ; le cardinal de Noailles permit l'établissement d'une confrérie ; les curés de Saint-Germain furent nommés chanoines honoraires de la cathédrale de Freising dont ils portaient l'habit.
1 Le
bourg et le prieuré d'Arpajon ne portent ce nom que depuis l'achat de la
terre et de la seigneurie de Châtres par Louis II marquis d'Arpajon, en 1720 ;
le prieuré Saint-Clément dépendait de l'abbaye Saint-Maur-des Fossés.
Sanctus Corbinianus urso sarcinas imponit - Saint Corbinien ordonne à l'ours de porter ses bagages. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.
S. Corbinianus a Grimoaldo honorifice excipitur -
Saint Corbinien est reçu avec respect par Grimoald. Tableau dans la crypte de
la cathédrale de Freising.
Also known as
Korbinian
Waldegiso
20 November (translation of relics)
8 November as
one of the Saints
of the Diocese of Evry
Profile
Son of Waldegiso, who may have died when
Corbinian was an infant.
Nothing else is known of his youth. Hermit for
fourteen years in a cell near the
church of Saint-Germain in Châtres, France.
His reputation for holiness, as a miracle worker,
and as a spiritual director soon spread. Students were attracted to him, and he
formed a community for them, but directing them took him away from his life
of prayer.
He wanted to return to the live of a hermit,
and since he had a personal devotion to Saint Peter
the Apostle, he moved to Rome, Italy.
There he asked for the blessing of Pope Saint Gregory
II. Gregory realized
that Corbinian should not hide his talents, and ordained him as a missionary bishop to Bavaria (in
modern Germany)
where he would be supported by Duke Grimoald.
He established his base in Freising,
and made many converts throughout
the region. Spiritual teacher of Saint Arbeo
of Freising. When Corbinian denounced the incestuous marriage of Duke Grimoald
to Biltrudis, the nobility turned against him, and Biltrudis even conspired to
have him killed.
Corbinian fled to Meran, Italy until
Grimoald was killed in battle and
Biltrudis carried off by the Franks; he then returned to Bavaria and
resumed the mission that
occupied the rest of his life.
Born
670 at
Châtres, France as Waldegiso
his mother soon
changed it to Corbinian
730 of
natural causes
buried at
the monastery at Meran, Italy
relics translated
to Freising, Germany in 765 by bishop Aribo, biographer of
Corbinian
Munich, Germany, archdiocese of
bishop making
a bear carry
his luggage because it has eaten his mule
bishop with
a bear and
mule in the background
bishop with Duke Grimoald
at his feet
Additional Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Francis
Xavier Weninger
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other sites in english
images
webseiten auf deutsch
sitios en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
sites en français
Abbé Christian-Philippe Chanut
fonti in italiano
MLA Citation
“Saint Corbinian“. CatholicSaints.Info. 9
September 2020. Web. 6 June 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/saint-corbinian/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-corbinian/
Sanctus Corbinian' Frisingae populum docet - Saint Corbinien prêche au peuple de Freising. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.
Weninger’s
Lives of the Saints – Saint Corbinian, Bishop of Frisingen
Article
Saint Corbinian was born in the department of Melun,
in France. He was the son of wealthy parents, and passed his youth in great
innocence and piety. Desiring to serve God and also to induce others to do the
same, he built a cell near the Church of Saint Germain, in which he spent
fourteen years in great holiness. The fame of his virtue and wisdom drew a great
many persons to him, who either sought his advice in matters of difficulty, or
who came to request his prayers. This greatly displeased the Saint, who desired
to serve God in solitude and quiet. Hence he went to Rome, and requested the
Pope to give him a place not far from Saint Peter’s, where he might live
unknown to the world. The Holy Father concluded, from his manner and address,
that he was a man of great virtue and abilities; and was no sooner convinced of
this, than he made Corbinian priest and afterwards bishop. After this, the Pope
bade him return, and exercise his episcopal functions for the salvation of
souls wherever he was needed.
Corbinian submitted to the decrees of Providence,
obeyed the Pope, and journeyed home through Lombardy and a great part of
France, preaching everywhere with eminent success. The holiness of Corbinian,
and the miracles which the Almighty wrought through him, caused everybody to
esteem and honor him. To avoid this, he returned to his former dwelling and
remained there several years. When, however, it became known where he was, and
the people again commenced to come to him, he undertook a second journey to
Rome. God led him this time through Bavaria, to the great benefit of its
inhabitants; for, when the holy bishop perceived the ignorance of the people in
matters of faith, he immediately began to instruct them. The pious Duke,
Theodore, who at that period reigned in Bavaria, was greatly rejoiced at the
good results of the Saint’s apostolic labors, and desired him to remain in his
domains. The same was also desired by Grimoald, a son of the Duke, whose
residence was at Frisingen. Corbinian, hastening to Rome, besought the Pope to
release him from his episcopal dignity, which request, however, was not
granted, and the holy father admonished him to continue zealously in his labors
for the salvation of souls. Hence, Corbinian returned to Bavaria. At Mais, a
borough and castle not far from Meran, which at that time belonged to Bavaria,
he remained several days at the tomb of Saint Valentine, who had been bishop of
Passau. Grimoald, who had been informed of his arrival, sent messengers to meet
him and invite him to Frisingen. The Saint accepted the invitation, but hearing
afterwards, that the Duke lived unlawfully with Pilitrudis, the wife of his
deceased brother, he sent one of his companions to say that he would not set
foot in the palace, until so enormous a scandal was removed. He added that the
words of the Apostle were and would be eternally true: “Neither fornicators nor
adulterers shall possess the kingdom of heaven.” Pilitrudis, greatly incensed
at the holy bishop’s fearless message, resolved, like another Herodias, to hire
an assassin and secretly murder him. But the exhortations of the priest, whom
the Saint had sent to Grimoald, made so deep an impression upon the Duke and
Pilitrudis, that both, recognizing and repenting of their fault, threw
themselves at the feet of Corbinian and promised to reform their lives. The
Saint received them kindly and earnestly advised them to do penance and give
alms.
After this, the bishop officiated for some time in the
Church of Frisingen, converting the wicked, inducing the lukewarm and slothful
to be more solicitous for their salvation; and animating the pious and zealous
to still greater fervor, by his sermons, admonitions and exhortations.
Pilitrudis, however, returned to her former vicious life, and, not to be
disturbed in her misdeeds, she ordered one of her minions, named Ninus, to kill
Corbinian. But before Ninus had surrounded the palace of the bishop with his
soldiers in order to execute his design, Corbinian, having been informed of it,
made his escape. Arrived at Mais, the holy prelate announced to Grimoald and
Pilitrudis, the divine punishment that would soon overtake them. His prophecy
was soon fulfilled. Grimoald was assassinated by one of his subjects, and
Pilitrudis, deprived of rank and wealth, ended her life in misery, which she
had drawn upon herself by her vicious conduct. Ninus, also, who intended to
assassinate the Saint, received his deserts; he was stabbed, and thus
unprepared was called before the Judgment-seat of the Almighty. Hugibert, a
younger son of the pious Duke Theodore, who succeeded Grimoald in the
government, besought the holy bishop most earnestly to return to his see, and
to forgive the wrongs done to him. The Saint consented, returned to Frisingen,
and was received with universal rejoicing by the inhabitants of the city.
Hardly had he arrived, when God revealed to him his last hour. After having
satisfactorily arranged all the affairs of his See, he clothed himself in his
episcopal robes, on the day which was to be his last upon earth, went to
Church, and said Mass. Returning home, he took some slight repast, blessed
himself, and calmly expired, in the presence of some priests, without having
been sick, and without giving any signs of pain or suffering. His holy body was
buried, with great solemnities, in the Cathedral; but as the Saint had desired
to have his tomb erected at Mais, the Almighty plainly manifested that this
wish should be fulfilled; for, soon after the funeral, the rain began to fall
in torrents, and ceased not, until the sacred relics of Corbinian had been
carried to the spot which he had chosen as his resting place. When, fifty years
later, the Lombards made an inroad into Tyrol, and devastated the land, the
pious bishop Aribo exhumed the holy body again and brought it back to
Frisingen, where it is still greatly venerated.
This Saint is generally represented with a bear at his
side, the reason of which is as follows: When the Bishop made his second
journey to Rome, and was obliged to remain one night in the open air, with
those who accompanied him a bear attacked his horse which was laden with what
the Saint needed on his journey. Corbinian, who did not arrive at the place
where this happened until the horse was partly devoured, commanded the bear, in
the name of the Most High, to take the burden which the horse had carried, and
bring it to Rome. The animal obeyed and patiently carried the burden laid upon
his back, to the end of the journey. Numerous persons witnessed this. It was
evidently the desire of the Almighty to glorify His faithful servant by this,
as well as by several other not less remarkable events.
Sanct' Corbinian' spiritum sanctissime reddit - Saint Corbinien rend l'âme très saintement. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.
Practical Considerations
• Saint Corbinian admonished Grimoald and Pilitrudis
on account of their criminal conduct. He did this, without doubt, from love to
God, and also from love to these two sinners, whose destruction he foresaw and
pitied. At first, both appeared to receive the admonition willingly and to repent,
but soon they returned to their vicious life and endeavored to repay good with
evil. If you have an opportunity to exhort others, do it from love to God and
to your neighbor, to prevent the offense of God, and your neighbor’s
destruction. Should anyone give you an admonition, receive it kindly,
especially when it comes from your confessor and pastor, who are obliged to
admonish you, and who in so doing, seek only your welfare. Why then should you
complain of it, why be offended? “It is better to be corrected by a wise man,
than to be deceived by the flatteries of a fool,” says the Holy Ghost. Saint
Chrysostom writes; “A sick man acts foolishly when he complains of a physician
who prescribes to him some remedy, useful or necessary for his health.” Much more
foolishly do you act, when you complain of your confessor, spiritual advisor or
pastor, who corrects your faults, out of love for you, and the desire to save
your soul. You may well believe that Grimoald and Pilitrudis have, for a long
time, repented in the other world, for not having followed Saint Corbinian’s
admonition. Many suffer in hell because they heeded not the exhortations of
their confessors. Take care that you do not find yourself among them.
• Saint Corbinian died happily, because he was always
prepared to die. There are a great many persons who defer their preparations
for death and their penance until the last hour has come. They think that the
best time to do penance will be when they are sick. How blind they are! Who has
promised that a sickness should be the forerunner of their death? Is it then
impossible that they should die suddenly, as has happened to so many? But even
if they should become sick, may it not be a disease that will rob them of their
reason, or be so painful that they will be unable to remember their sins and to
confess them rightly? How will they, under such circumstances, prepare
themselves for death? And furthermore, who knows if they will at that time,
desire to prepare themselves? Satan will whisper to them that there is no
danger, that they will soon be restored to health. Their relatives and
acquaintances, actuated by false compassion, will speak in a similar manner.
Many have thus been deceived. Be this as it may, one thing is certain: a late
repentance is seldom a true repentance. The time of death, the time of
sickness, is not the proper time for so great, so important an act as the
preparation for death, on which depends all eternity. If you wish to be sure,
prepare yourself in time, and defer not your penance until your end. The words
of Saint Augustine are true: “The penance of a sick person, is a sick penance,
and that of a dying I fear, is a dying or a dead one. Hence, whoever would seek
the mercy of God, let him do penance while his body and mind are in a state of
health, that he may find salvation in the world to come.” Elsewhere this great
and holy teacher says: “As it is unknown to us at what hour we shall be called
away, let us without delay, hasten from the left hand to the right. We must
neither trust to health nor to age. Whoever is uncertain of his life, must not
defer using the means that will assure his salvation. He who assures us that a
sinner will receive pardon for his iniquities whenever he repents, warns us at
the same time when he says: “Delay not to- be convened to the Lord and defer it
not from day to day.” (Eccles. 5) Let us therefore hasten to convert ourselves
while the means are still in our power.
MLA Citation
Father Francis Xavier Weninger, DD, SJ. “Saint
Corbinian, Bishop of Frisingen”. Lives of the
Saints, 1876. CatholicSaints.Info.
30 April 2018. Web. 6 June 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/weningers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-corbinian-bishop-of-frisingen/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/weningers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-corbinian-bishop-of-frisingen/
S. Corbiniani reliquiae Frisingam transferuntur -
Les reliques de saint Corbinien sont transportées à Freising. Tableau
dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.
Saint of the Day –
8 September – Saint Corbinian (c 670–c 730)
Posted on September
8, 2020
Saint of the Day – 8 September – Saint Corbinian (c
670–c 730) First Bishop of Freising and Founder of the Diocese, Hermit,
Missionary, Confessor. After living as a hermit near Chartres for fourteen
years, he made a pilgrimage to Rome. Pope Gregory II sent him to Bavaria. His
opposition to the marriage of Duke Grimoald to his brother’s widow, Biltrudis,
caused Corbinian to go into exile for a time. Also known as Latin: Corbinianus; French: Corbinien;
German: Korbinian, Waldegiso.
Corbinian was born
sometime around 670, not in today’s southern Germany but in what we now call
France, indeed very near the centre of modern northern France, at Chatres.
Corbinian’s life was recorded by Arbeo of Freising,
one of his successors as Bishop of Freising, who lived from 723-784. According
to Arbeo, Corbinian’s father, Waldegiso, after whom the boy was originally
named, died when he was a child. His father’s death was followed some years
later by that of his mother, who had renamed him after her own name,
Corbiniana. For some years after her death the young Corbinian lived as a
hermit in the forest not far from his home. Here he prayed and studied and
attracted a number of disciples. Dismayed
by the interruptions in his intended life of prayer that were being made by the
demands of his followers, he decided to journey to Rome and become a hermit.
On arrival in Rome
rumour of his spiritual prowess reached the ears of Pope Gregory II. Gregory
suggested that he should use his abilities not in withdrawal into a hermitage
but to bring the people of his homeland to the Gospel and he sent him back to
the north, ordaining him as a Missionary Bishop before he left. This was fairly
standard practice at this time, for a Missionary Bishop had the full power of
the Church behind him. He
could preach, offer the Eucharist, Baptise, Confirm and Ordain, thus enabling
him to plant new Churches with complete structure,s in areas outside the
surviving and functioning Roman towns, which still had resident Bishops.
Corbinian set out
as a pilgrim Bishop and was successful in the Frankish territories. Sometime
around 723 he returned to Rome and on the way there acquired his most famous
miracle and the symbol by which he is so well remembered.
According to the
story, as he travelled through the foothills of the Alps, his horse was
attacked and killed by a bear. Nothing daunted, Corbinian subdued
the bear and, as a penance for killing the horse, asked the bear to carry his
bags in it’s stead. The bear accepted the penance . Corbinian saddled it and
loaded his bags on its back. The bear was as good as its word, carrying them
all the way to the gates of Rome. At Rome, Corbinian released it back to the
wild with thanks. The bear
became the symbol of Saint Corbinian as well as the symbol for the town of
Freising.
After reporting to
Pope Gregory II on this second trip to Rome, Saint Corbinian was sent back to
the north to continue his Missionary work. He appears to have arrived in the
Freising region about 724 and established a Benedictine Monastery.
Almost immediately
he entered into a controversy with Grimoald, the duke then ruling the area now
called Bavaria, on behalf of the Frankish kings. Grimoald, who, as
a Frankish noble, was already a Christian, had contracted a marriage to his
brother’s widow, Biltrudis. This kind of marriage was considered incest if
undertaken without a dispensation (this is the very same issue that applied to
Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon hundreds of years later, causing
Henry to break away from the Catholic Church). Corbinian denounced the marriage
and was forced by threats from Grimoald and Biltrudis to leave the area,
retreating to northern Italy for a while. On their deaths he was able to return to Freising and
resume his work.
He died there on 8
September 730 and this day became his feast day. Of course, his feast day was
overshadowed by the greater feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
and it has subsequently been moved to 20 November in Freising in veneration of
the translation of St Corbinian’s relics.
Corbinian’s Bear
is used as the symbol of Freising in both civic and ecclesiastical heraldry. It
appeared on the arms of Pope Benedict XVI, who first adopted the symbol when,
still known as Joseph Ratzinger, he was appointed Archbishop of Freising-Munich
in March 1977. He retained
the bear in his revised coat of arms when he was elevated to Cardinal in June
of the same year and again on his Papal Coat of Arms when he was elected in
2005
In Catholic Iconography:
The scallop shell is a traditional reference to pilgrimage. For
Pope Benedict XVI, it also reminded him of the legend according to which one
day St Augustine, pondering the mystery of the Trinity, saw a child at the
seashore playing with a shell, trying to put the water of the ocean into a
little hole. Then, St Augustine heard the words: “This hole can no more
contain the waters of the ocean than your intellect can comprehend the mystery
of God.” The crowned Moor is a regional motif in heraldry often seen in
Bavaria, Benedict’s German homeland. Benedict has been quoted saying that, in addition to the obvious
reference back to Saint Corbinian, the Founder of the Diocese where Benedict
would become Bishop in 1977, the bear represents Benedict himself being “tamed
by God” to bear the spiritual burdens of Benedict’s own ministries first
as Bishop, then asCcardinal, and now as Pope.
Author: AnaStpaul
Passionate Catholic. Being Catholic is a way of life -
a love affair "Religion must be like the air we breathe..."- St John
Bosco Prayer is what the world needs combined with the example of our lives
which testify to the Light of Christ. This site will mainly concentrate on
Daily Prayers, Novenas and the Memorials and Feast Days of our friends in
Heaven, the Saints who went before us and the great blessings the Church
provides in our Catholic Monthly Devotions. "For the saints are sent to us
by God as so many sermons. We do not use them, it is they who move us and lead
us, to where we had not expected to go.” Charles Cardinal Journet (1891-1975)
This site adheres to the Catholic Church and all her teachings.
SOURCE : https://anastpaul.com/2020/09/08/saint-of-the-day-8-september-saint-corbinian-c-670-c-730/
Wednesday, September 09, 2020
Friedrich Pacher (etwa 1435 –
Nach 1508), Korbinianaltar, 1485er-Jahre
GREGORY DIPIPPO
In the Roman Martyology, one of the entries for
September 8th is that of St Corbinian, the first bishop of Freising in Bavaria,
which traditionally keeps his feast today, out of respect for Our Lady’s
Nativity, and celebrates the translation of his relics on November 20th. Born
and raised in the neighborhood of Chartres in France, he spent many years as a
hermit, before undertaking a pilgrimage to the tomb of St Peter. The Pope at
the time, St Gregory II, who took great interest in the evangelization of
Germany, consecrated him as bishop and sent him into Bavaria as a missionary,
as he sent St Boniface to the western parts. Corbinian established a monastery
near Freising as the center of his evangelizing activities, and for that
reason, he is traditionally called the first bishop of Freising, but a see was
not formally established there until about ten years after his death, when St
Boniface officially arranged the hierarchy in Bavaria.
In 1818, the seat of the diocese and the cathedral chapter of Freising were transferred to Münich, and the see renamed “Münich and Freising”; the eleventh bishop to hold this title (from March of 1977 to February of 1982) was Joseph Ratzinger, who was made a cardinal very shortly after his elevation to the episcopacy. One of the elements of his coat of arms as Pope Benedict XVI is a bear with a pack on its back, an element which derives from a legend of St Corbinian. The story is that when the Saint was travelling to Rome, a bear attacked and killed his pack horse; he therefore ordered the bear to take the horse’s place, and the animal thus tamed accompanied him the rest of the way to Rome. (In the pre-Tridentine Missal of Freising, a verse of the Sequence for his Mass reads, “By his order a bear is subdued, and burdened in place of the pack-horse which it killed.”)
In the northern Italian region of the Alto-Adige, in the province of Bolzano,
there is a beautiful collegiate church jointly dedicated to St Corbinian and to
a Saint named Candidus, and who has given his name to the surrounding town. He
is a figure of whom very little is known, apart from the fact that that he was
a bishop of Chartres, Corbinian’s native place. The area is so far north within
Italy that it was formerly part of the diocese of Freising. Here are pictures
taken by Nicola de’ Grandi during his recent visit to that area.
As is so often the case, a church has been built on the site several times,
first in 769, then again sometime before the year 1000; the crypt of this
second church is seen below. It was then rebuilt again in 1143, but
destroyed by a fire in 1200; the current Romanesque structure was consacrated
in 1284, and the bell-tower raised between 1320-26.
SOURCE : https://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2020/09/the-feast-of-st-corbinian.html
Ambito tedesco, San Corbiniano di Frisinga (XIX secolo); Frisinga, Concattedrale di Santa
Maria e San Corbiniano, cripta
San Corbiniano Vescovo, missionario in
Baviera
m. 8 settembre 725
Secondo il vescovo di Frisinga, Arbeone, Corbiniano
nasce a Castrum nel territorio di Melun, (oggi Arpajon in Francia), ma gli
studiosi sono diffidenti. La sua vita e l'opera da lui svolta rientrano nel
quadro delle missioni irlandesi sul continente e per questo Corbiniano è
ritenuto un monaco insulare. Dopo aver trascorso un periodo di vita ascetica,
Corbiniano si porta a Roma, presso Gregorio XI al quale sta a cuore
l'evangelizzazione della Baviera. Arrivato in Baviera, è bene accolto dal duca
Teodone e dal figlio Grimoaldo, residenti a Frisinga, e gli viene concesso di
esercitare il suo apostolato di vescovo missionario. Si stabilisce prima a Maia
presso Merano, per la devozione a san Valentino, antico vescovo della Rezia, e
di lì passa a Frisinga. È detto primo vescovo di Frisinga, ma erroneamente
perché la diocesi è eretta san Bonifacio non prima del 739. Muore l'8 settembre
del 725 e viene sepolto a Maia, presso la tomba di san Valentino. Verso il 765
il vescovo Arbeone ne fa trasportare il corpo a Santa Maria di Frisinga. <I>
(Avv.)</i>
Emblema: Orso
Martirologio Romano: A Frisinga nella Baviera, in
Germania, san Corbiniano, che, ordinato vescovo e mandato a predicare il
Vangelo in Baviera, raccolse frutti copiosi.
La fonte più importante su Corbiniano è la sua Vita scritta da Arbeone, vescovo di Frisinga (m. 783), su richiesta di Virgilio, vescovo di SalisbUrgo, in occasione della traslazione del corpo del santo, avvenuta nel 765. Eccellente testimonianza per quanto riguarda i rapporti di Corbiniano con i duchi di Baviera, essa è però meno sicura per quel che concerne l'origine e l'inizio della sua opera missionaria.
Secondo Arbeone, Corbiniano nacque a Castrum nel territorio di Melun, località identificata con Chátres (oggi Arpajon), ma gli studiosi sono diffidenti verso questi dati. La sua vita e l'opera da lui svolta rientrano nel quadro delle missioni irlandesi sul continente e per questo Corbiniano è ritenuto un monaco insulare. Anche la duchessa Pilitrude, che egli aveva richiamato all'osservanza delle leggi canoniche, lo dice: "Britannorum genere ortus". Dopo aver trascorso un periodo di vita ascetica, Corbiniano si portò a Roma, presso Gregorio 11, al quale stava molto a cuore l'evangelizzazione della Baviera. Neppure tale notizia è sicura, in quanto il biografo sembra anticipare in favore di Corbiniano i rapporti di s. Bonifacio con Roma, anzi lo Schneider e il Krusch non accettano il viaggio di Corbiniano alla volta di tale città. Lo Schneider, poi, attribuisce all'immaginazione fertile del biografo i sentieri segreti che il santo avrebbe seguito per passare i monti. Corbiniano, arrivato in Baviera, fu bene accolto dal duca Teodone e dal figlio Grimoaldo, residenti a Frisinga, e gli fu concesso di esercitare il suo apostolato di vescovo missionario. Egli si stabilì prima a Maia presso Merano, per la devozione a s. Valentino, un antico vescovo della Rezia, e di lì passò a Frisinga dove venne in urto con Grimoaldo il quale, contro i sacri canoni, aveva sposato Pilitrude, vedova di suo fratello Teobaldo. C. tornò nuovamente a Maia e in seguito a Frisinga, quando a Grimoaldo succedette Ucperto. Ivi, secondo l'usanza celtica, dimorava in un monastero, S. Maria, diventato poi cattedrale della diocesi. E' detto primo vescovo di Frisinga, ma erroneamente perché tale diocesi fu eretta da s. Bonifacio non prima del 739. Il nome di Corbiniano vescovo appare la prima volta nel libro delle confraternite di S. Pietro di Salisburgo, risalente al 784.
Morì l'8 settembre del 725, o poco dopo, e fu sepolto a Maia, presso la tomba di s. Valentino, secondo il suo desiderio, e verso il 765 il vescovo Arbeone ne fece trasportare il corpo a S. Maria di Frisinga. Un breviario della stessa città, dei secc. XIII-XIV, ricorda la traslazione delle reliquie al 20 novembre. Da allora il santo riposa nella cripta della cattedrale. Il suo giorno abituale passò nel Martirologio di Beda del cod. ora Monacense 15518 e, da questo, nel Martirologio Romano. In una litania di Frisinga, conservata in un manoscritto della seconda metà del sec. X, il nome di Corbiniano è scritto in lettere maiuscole. Nel 1710, una reliquia insigne fu inviata a Chátres-Arpajon. Ad Hótting, nei pressi di Innsbruck, in una cappella eretta in suo onore, si venerava il sangue uscito dal naso del santo durante il trasporto da Frisinga a Maia; raccolto in una ampolla era stato inumato, ma durante la traslazione del 765 era stato ritrovato e onorato nella cappella. Poiché il giorno anniversario della morte di Corbiniano era dedicato alla natività della Vergine, la festa del santo era stata spostata al giorno seguente, 9 settembre.
Autore: Filippo Caraffa
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/91940.html
Korbiniansschrein in der Domkrypta (1861)
Châsse de saint Corbinien dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising (1861)
Korbinian von Freising
auch: Corbinian, Corbinianus
Gedenktag katholisch: 8. September
nicht gebotener Gedenktag im Bistum Bozen-Brixen: 9. September
nicht gebotener Gedenktag für das deutsche Sprachgebiet: 20. November
Hochfest im Erzbistum München und Freising: 20. November
Übertragung der Gebeine: 6. November
Gedenktag evangelisch: 8. September
Name bedeutet: berühmter Walter (althochdt.)
erster Bischof von Freising
* um 680 in Arpajon bei
Évry in Frankreich (?) 1
† 8. September um 729 in Freising in
Bayern
Korbinian, Sohn von Waltekis und dessen Frau
Corbiniana, einer vornehmen Familie, verlor kurz nach der Geburt seinen Vater
und wurde von der Mutter erzogen. Er baute sich im Alter von 22 Jahren neben
seinem Elternhaus eine Zelle, um als Einsiedler zu leben. Sein Ruf eilte weit
ins Land und bis zu Pippin dem Mittleren, dem Hausmeier von Austrasien und Neustrien.
Als immer mehr Ratsuchende Korbinian bedrängten, pilgerte er vor 714 nach Rom zu
Papst Konstantin I., der ihn zum Priester und Bischof weihte und mit
Missionsarbeit beauftragte. Wie Kilian wurde
er vom Bayernherzog Theodo, den er um 716 in dessen Hof in
Regensburg aufsuchte, und von dessen Sohn und Mitregenten, Herzog Grimoald
aus Freising,
bei der Missionierung unterstützt; er arbeitete in der Schweiz, in Bayern und
im damals bayrischen Norditalien. Bei der Alpenüberquerung - offenbar mit
großem Gefolge - zu einem zweiten Besuch in Rom überfiel ihn, so wird
überliefert, ein Bär und tötete sein Maultier, woraufhin dieser Bär Korbinians
Gepäck nach Rom tragen musste.
In Rom erteilt
der Papst ihm die Erlaubnis, ein Kloster zu gründen und von dort aus zu wirken.
Korbinian erhielt von Theodos Sohn, Bayernherzog Grimoald, das Gebiet Cainina -
das heutige Kuens /
Caines - übertragen, Korbinian gründete dort um 718 ein Kanonikerstift
mit Meierhof und Kirche, die Zeno von Verona und Valentin
von Rätien geweiht wurde 2.
Er kultivierte das Gebiet, ließ Weinberge anlegen und Obstbäume pflanzen und förderte
so das Wohlergehen der Menschen.
Aus dieser Zeit stammt die Erzählung, dass Korbinians
Klösterchen eines Tages ein Fässchen Wein geschenkt wurde. Da der Wein noch
gärt, flog in der Nacht der Zapfen mit lautem Knall aus dem im Keller
gelagerten Fass; nur das sofortige Eingreifen würde den kostbaren Inhalt am
Ausfließen hindern. Korbinian hört das Geräusch durchaus, aber es berührte ihn
nicht, denn er war mitten im Gebet. Am nächsten Morgen sahen die Klosterbrüder,
dass der Wein aber trotz des geöffneten Spundloches nicht ausgelaufen war.
Schließlich wurde Korbinian von Grimoald wieder nach
Bayern zurückgerufen, denn Bonifatius hatte
im Auftrag von Papst Gregor III. ein
Bistum vorbereitet und ihm eine rechtliche Struktur gegeben, das nun 724 mit
Korbinian an der Spitze errichtet wurde. In Freising errichtete er eine Kirche zu
Ehren von Stephanus,
die später die Kirche der Abtei Weihenstephan wurde. Etwas unterhalb ließ er eine
als heilkräftig geltende Quelle entspringen,
über der später eine -
Korbinian warf dann seinem Förderer Grimoald dessen
illegitime Ehe mit Plektrudis, der Witwe seines Bruders, vor; die Ehe mit der
verwitweten Schwägerin war zwar nach römischen Recht erlaubt, nach kirchlichem
aber verboten. Grimoald trennte sich von seiner Frau, diese aber plante ein
Attentat gegen den Bischof, der deshalb um 724 in sein Stift nach Kains -
floh. Grimoalds Nachfolger im Amt des Herzogs, Hugibert, holte später Korbinian
zurück, der vom Volk begeistert begrüßt wurde, doch er starb bald darauf. Sein
Gefährte Ermbert wurde Nachfolger als Bischof in Freising.
Korbinians Leichnam wurde in der Zeno von Verona geweihten
Kapelle am Platz der heutigen Zeno-Burg in
Meran bestattet, am 20. November 765 aber wieder nach Freising zurück
gebracht. Bald schon begann dann die Wallfahrt zu
seinem Grab. Arbeo
von Freising verfasste um 770 die Lebensgeschichte seines verehrten
Vorbildes Korbinian. Die Bären-Legende entstand erst etwa 200 Jahre nach dem
Tod Korbinians. Eine Predigt zu seinem Fest aus dem 10. Jahrhundert weist auf
Wunder am Grab hin, aus dem 12. Jahrhundert liegt ein Wunderbericht vor. Bis
ins 16. Jahrhundert wurde die Berührung des Grabes praktiziert, die Hilfe in
Nöten versprach. Der Dom von Freising ist neben Maria Korbinian
geweiht und beherbergt seine Reliquien in
einem wertvollen Schrein.
1899 schenkte der Erzbischof von München-Freising der Pfarrkirche in
Kains eine Reliquie von
Korbinian, nun begann auch dort die Verehrung des Heiligen und wurde ein neuer
Hochaltar aufgestellt. 1901 wurde Kobinian zum Ortspatron ernannt. In Évry wurde
Korbinian die Kathedrale geweiht, er ist Diözesanpatron.
Korbinians Lebensgeschichte verfasste um 770
Bischof Arbeo
von Freising.
1942, aus der Kriegsnot geboren, unternahmen vier
junge Frauen eine Wallfahrt nach Freising;
nach dem Krieg nahm die diözesane Jugendkorbinians-Wallfahrt einen rasanten
Aufschwung.
Attribute: mit Gepäck beladener Bär
Patron der Diözese München-Freising und der Diözese Évry
1 Der Geburtsort Arpajon bei
Paris wird schon in der von Arbeo
von Freising verfassten Lebensgeschichte genannt; der evangelische
Theologe Lothar Vogel zeigte in seiner Doktorarbeit über diese Vita auf, dass
diese Angabe entstand durch Arbeos Bemühen, Korbianian in die Nähe von Kolumban zu
rücken und sieht die tatsächliche Herkunft aus der Gegend um Kains.
2 Dass Korbinian tatsächlich eine Kirche
in Kains bauen
ließ, konnte archäologisch nicht nachgeweisen werden; die erste urkundliche
Erwähnung der Kirche stammt aus dem Jahr 1291.
SOURCE : https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienK/Korbinian_von_Freising.html
Voir aussi : http://www.heiligenlegenden.de/literatur/bavaria-sancta/zweiter-abschnitt/corbinian/home.html
