Valentin de Boulogne, Martirio dei santi
Processo e Martiniano,
olio
su tela, 308 x 165, 1629, Città del Vaticano, Pinacoteca vaticana.
Saints Processus et
Martinien
Martyrs - 1er siècle
Martyrs romains, très
vénérés à Rome, ils avaient leur tombe et leur basilique à la voie Aurélienne.
Leur rencontre avec les apôtres Pierre et Paul, dans la prison n’est pas
historique (St Martinien serait un des officiers romains qui auraient permis
l’évasion de Pierre et de Paul des prisons de Rome, même si Pierre ne s’évada
pas longtemps puisqu’il retourna à Rome ; il fut converti par ses prisonniers).
Tous deux furent arrêtés
pour leur foi et furent mis à mort.
Leurs reliques reposent
actuellement dans la basilique de Saint-Pierre à Rome. Leur culte a été
confinés aux calendriers locaux en 1969.
SOURCE : http://viechretienne.catholique.org/saints/10912-sts-processus-et-martinien
Saints Processus et Martinien martyrs - 1er siècle
Martyrs romains, très
vénérés à Rome, ils avaient leur tombe et leur basilique à la voie Aurélienne.
Leur rencontre avec les apôtres Pierre et Paul, dans la prison n’est pas
historique (St Martinien serait un des officiers romains qui auraient permis
l’évasion de Pierre et de Paul des prisons de Rome, même si Pierre ne s’évada
pas longtemps puisqu’il retourna à Rome ; il fut converti par ses prisonniers).
Tous deux furent arrêtés pour leur foi et furent mis à mort.
Leurs reliques reposent
actuellement dans la basilique de Saint-Pierre à Rome. Leur culte a été
confinés aux calendriers locaux en 1969.
Saint Martinien
Martyrisé au Ier siècle
(1er s.)
Il aurait été le geôlier
de saint Pierre. Avec son compagnon Processus, il n'hésita pas à donner sa vie
au Christ qu'il avait découvert grâce à son prisonnier. C'est pourquoi le pape
Pascal 1er fit transporter leurs cendres dans la basilique Saint Pierre de Rome
où elles sont toujours.
Un tableau de Jean
Valentin dit aussi Valentin de Boulogne représentant le Martyre de Saint Procès
et Saint Martinien, 1629, se trouve à la Pinacothèque, salle XII, musée du
Vatican.
À Rome au cimetière de
Damase, au second mille de la voie Aurélienne, les saints Procès et Martinien,
martyrs.
Martyrologe romain
SOURCE : http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1426/Saint-Martinien.html
S. Processus et S.
Martinien
2 juillet
RÉSUMÉ :
Saint Pierre et saint Paul, enfermés dans la prison Mamertine, convertirent leurs deux gardes saint Processus et saint Martinien, et les baptisèrent. Amenés devant la statue de Jupiter, ces deux nouveaux Chrétiens refusèrent de l’adorer, et furent mis à mort.
Saint Processus et saint Martinien étaient du nombre de ceux auxquels les prédications et les miracles de saint Pierre et de saint Paul firent embrasser le christianisme à Rome. La Foi pénétra jusque dans le palais de Néron, et plusieurs personnes attachées à son service crurent en Jésus-Christ. Saint Paul en parle dans son Épître aux Philippiens (IV, 20).
Ce fut en 64 que Néron arma la cruauté des bourreaux contre les fidèles, dont le nombre augmentait de jour en jour. Le voyage qu’il fit dans la Grèce en 67, laissa un peu respirer l’Église de Rome. Il parcourut les principales villes de cette province, suivi d’une armée de pantomimes et de chanteuses qui portaient des instruments de musiques, des masques et des habits de théâtre. Il se fit déclarer vainqueur dans tous les jeux publics, et on lui adjugea dix-huit cents couronnes différentes. Après avoir massacré la noblesse du pays, confisqué les biens des personnes riches, et pillé les temples, il revint à Rome pour y faire couler de nouveaux flots de sang. Saint Pierre et saint Paul scellèrent alors leur Foi par un glorieux martyre. Saint Processus et saint Martinien leurs disciples ne tardèrent pas à les suivre. Il avaient, suivant l’auteur de leurs actes, la garde de la prison Mamertine, où les deux Apôtres les instruisirent et baptisèrent pendant qu’ils furent détenus.
Saint Grégoire le Grand
prêcha sa trente-deuxième homélie, sur leur fête, dans une église où reposaient
leurs corps. Les malades, dit ce Père, reçoivent la santé à leur tombeau ;
les énergumènes y sont délivrés, et les parjures y sont tourmentés par les
démons. L’ancienne église dont nous venons de parler étant tombée en ruines, le
Pape Pascal Ier transféra les reliques des deux Martyrs dans celle de
Saint-Pierre sur le mont Vatican. On lit leur nom dans les martyrologes de la
plus haute antiquité.
SOURCE : http://www.cassicia.com/FR/Vie-de-saint-Processus-et-de-saint-Martinien-Fete-le-2-juillet-No_601.htm
Saints Processus et
Martinien, martyrs
Les deux martyrs
reposèrent jusqu’au IXe siècle au 2ème mille de la via Aurélia. Au IVe siècle
fut érigée une basilique sur leurs tombes. Leur culte est attesté par le
martyrologe hiéronymien, par les Itinéraires, et les livres liturgiques romains
du VIIe siècle. Il s’est maintenu par la suite.
Depuis le IXe siècle, les
martyrs sont vénérés dans la basilique vaticane, où Pascal Ier transféra leurs
corps.
Leçon des Matines avant
1960 (Cette leçon prenait normalement la 9ème place aux Matines de la
Visitation pour commémorer les Sts Martyrs).
Neuvième leçon. Lorsque
Pierre et Paul étaient retenus prisonniers dans la prison Mamertine, sur le
mont Tarpéien, deux gardes nommés Processus et Martinien, avec quarante autres
personnes, furent tellement touchés par la prédication et les miracles des
Apôtres, qu’ils se convertirent à la foi de Jésus-Christ, et une source ayant
jailli tout d’un coup d’un rocher, ils furent baptisés. Alors ils permirent aux
Apôtres de s’en aller, si bon leur semblait. Mais Paulin, préfet militaire,
ayant appris cela, s’efforça de détourner Processus et Martinien du parti
qu’ils avaient pris. Voyant le temps s’écouler sans résultat, le préfet donna
l’ordre de leur frapper le visage et de leur briser la mâchoire à coups de
pierre. Amenés bientôt près de la statue de Jupiter, ils refusèrent avec la
même constance d’adorer l’idole. Alors le préfet ordonna de les tourmenter sur
le chevalet, d’appliquer sur leurs corps des lames rougies et de les battre
avec des bâtons. Au milieu de leurs tourments, on ne leur entendait dire que
cette parole : « Béni soit le nom du Seigneur ». Jetés enfin en prison, ils ne
tardèrent pas à avoir la tête tranchée, en dehors de Rome, sur la voie Aurélienne.
Lucine ensevelit leurs corps dans sa propriété, le six de nones de juillet ;
ils furent dans la suite transportés dans la Ville et déposés dans la basilique
du prince des Apôtres.
Dom Guéranger, l’Année
Liturgique
En ce jour où Satan voit
pour la première fois reculer son infernale milice devant l’arche sainte, deux
combattants de l’armée des élus font cortège à leur Reine. Députés vers Marie
par Pierre lui-même en son Octave glorieuse, ils ont dû cet honneur à la foi
qui leur fit reconnaître dans le condamné de Néron le chef du peuple de Dieu.
Le prince des Apôtres
attendait son martyre au fond de la prison Mamertine, lorsque la miséricorde
divine amena près de lui deux soldats romains, ceux-là mêmes dont les noms sont
devenus inséparables du sien dans la mémoire de l’Église. L’un se nommait
Processus, et l’autre Martinien. Ils furent frappés de la dignité de ce
vieillard confié à leur garde pour quelques heures, et qui ne devait remonter à
la lumière que pour périr sur un gibet. Pierre leur parla de la vie éternelle
et du Fils de Dieu qui a aimé les hommes jusqu’à donner son sang pour leur
rachat. Processus et Martinien reçurent d’un cœur docile cet enseignement
inattendu, ils l’acceptèrent avec une foi simple, et demandèrent la grâce de la
régénération. Mais l’eau manquait dans le cachot, et Pierre dut faire appel au
pouvoir de commander à la nature que le Rédempteur avait confié à ses Apôtres,
en les envoyant dans le monde. A la parole du vieillard, une fontaine jaillit
du sol, et les deux soldats furent baptisés dans l’eau miraculeuse. La piété
chrétienne vénère encore aujourd’hui cette fontaine, qui ne diminue ni ne
déborde jamais. Processus et Martinien ne tardèrent pas à payer de leur vie
l’honneur qu’ils avaient reçu d’être initiés à la foi chrétienne par le prince
des Apôtres, et ils sont honorés entre les martyrs [1].
Leur culte remonte aussi
haut que celui de Pierre même. A l’âge de la paix, une basilique s’éleva sur
leur tombe. Saint Grégoire y prononça, en la solennité anniversaire de leurs
combats, la trente-deuxième de ses Homélies sur l’Évangile ; le grand Pape rend
témoignage aux miracles qui s’opéraient dans ce lieu sacré, et il célèbre en
particulier le pouvoir que les deux saints martyrs ont de protéger leurs dévots
clients au jour des justices du Seigneur [2]. Plus tard, saint Paschal Ier
enrichit de leurs corps la basilique du prince des Apôtres. Ils occupent
aujourd’hui la place d’honneur dans le bras gauche de la croix latine formée
par l’immense édifice, et donnent leur nom à tout ce côté du transept où le
concile du Vatican a tenu ses sessions immortelles ; il convenait que l’auguste
assemblée poursuivît ses travaux sous le patronage des deux vaillants soldats,
gardiens de Pierre et sa conquête aux jours de sa glorieuse confession.
N’oublions point ces illustres protecteurs de l’Église. La fête de la
Visitation, d’institution plus récente que la leur, ne l’a cependant point
amoindrie ; si maintenant leur gloire se perd, pour ainsi dire, en celle de
Notre-Dame, leur puissance n’a pu que s’accroître à ce rapprochement avec la
douce souveraine de la terre et des deux.
[1] Sainte Cécile et la
société romaine aux deux premiers siècles.
[2] In Ev. Hom. XXXII,
7-9.
Bhx cardinal
Schuster, Liber Sacramentorum
Les martyrs Processus et
Martinien.
Station à leur basilique
sépulcrale, sur la voie Aurélienne.
Rome est en fête, parce
que l’octave des Apôtres se poursuit. Il faut donc aujourd’hui célébrer deux
Saints qui représentent d’une certaine manière les premiers fruits du sang de
leur martyre.
La station de ce jour sur
la voie Aurélienne nous est connue par le témoignage de saint Grégoire le Grand
qui, pour le natale des saints Processus et Martinien, y prononça sa XXXIIe
homélie sur les Évangiles, où nous trouvons ces paroles : Ad San-ctorum
Martyrum corpora consistimus, fratres mei [3].
Les Actes des deux
Martyrs sont d’époque tardive et peu sûrs. D’après eux, Processus et Martinien
seraient les geôliers de Pierre et de Paul, par eux convertis et baptisés dans
la prison. Après la décapitation des deux soldats sur la voie Aurélia, une
sainte femme nommée Lucine, qu’on a accoutumé de voir paraître en ces
circonstances, aurait embaumé et enseveli leurs corps iuxta formam aquæductus,
c’est-à-dire près de l’aqueduc de Trajan, qui côtoie maintenant la célèbre
villa Pamphili. C’est, en effet, sous ces allées ombragées que se déroulent les
galeries de leur cimetière, aujourd’hui en grande partie enterré et inexploré.
Les reliques des deux Martyrs, durant la période des grandes translations,
furent portées par Paschal Ier à Saint-Pierre, où on les vénère toujours.
Le biographe de ce
Pontife nous décrit l’oratoire somptueux élevé par lui en l’honneur des
Martyrs, les colonnes et les mosaïques qui l’ornaient. Il se trouvait près de
la porte de bronze, par conséquent dans le voisinage de la rotonde de
Sainte-Pétronille. Lors de la reconstruction de la basilique vaticane, la tombe
des deux saints fut érigée dans l’abside gauche du transept, et au Concile du
Vatican on pouvait voir Pie IX assis sur le trône papal établi à ce moment-là
sur le tombeau de Processus et de Martinien, les anciens geôliers des deux
Princes des Apôtres !
Dans le Missel,
l’antienne pour l’introït est celle du 9 juin ; cependant, dans l’Antiphonaire,
nous trouvons la suivante (Sap., XIII, 8) : « Les Saints sont devenus les juges
du monde ; ils dominent sur les peuples parce que leur Seigneur régnera à
jamais ». Cette antienne nous rappelle ce qu’on lit dans les Actes du martyre
des saintes Perpétue et Félicité. La veille de leur passion, tandis que les
païens se pressaient autour des victimes qui célébraient leur dernière agape,
un des prisonniers dit aux curieux : « Regardez-nous bien, afin de pouvoir nous
reconnaître au jour du jugement ».
Voici la collecte : «
Seigneur qui nous mettez à couvert et nous protégez par les mérites du glorieux
martyre de vos saints Processus et Martinien ; faites que nous profitions de
leur exemple, pour que nous puissions aussi nous réjouir de leur patronage ». Le
fondement théologique de cette consolante réversibilité des mérites
surabondants des justes sur tous les membres du corps mystique de Jésus-Christ,
est le dogme de la Communion des Saints et de notre unité avec le Divin
Sauveur.
La première lecture est
la même que pour le natale des martyrs Maris, Marthe, etc. le 19 janvier.
Le répons-graduel est
identique à celui de la messe des saints Innocents, car ces deux
soldats-martyrs représentent eux aussi, selon la tradition, des prémices,
celles de la foi apostolique à Rome. Ps. 123 : « Notre âme a été soustraite,
comme un passereau, au filet des chasseurs. Le lacs s’est brisé, et nous avons
été délivrés. Notre aide est dans le nom du Seigneur qui a fait le ciel et la
terre ». Le lacs s’est brisé, c’est-à-dire le corps sur lequel la Providence
avait permis que s’exerçât la cruauté du bourreau ; il a défailli dans la
douleur et il est demeuré entre les mains du persécuteur, mais l’âme libre
s’est envolée au ciel.
Le verset alléluiatique
est pris au psaume 67 qui chante les triomphes de Dieu sur ses ennemis. «
Alléluia, alléluia. Que les justes se réjouissent et jubilent devant Dieu,
qu’ils exultent d’allégresse. Alléluia ».
Le Missel assigne la même
lecture évangélique que pour saint Eusèbe de Verceil le 16 décembre. Saint
Grégoire le Grand la commenta aussi en effet dans la synaxe de ce jour.
Au contraire, le
Lectionnaire de Würzbourg indique celle qui commence par ces mots : Sedente
Iesu, comme pour le natale des martyrs Maris, Marthe, etc. Cette divergence,
que nous avons déjà notée en d’autres cas, indique que, durant tout le haut
moyen âge, la liste des lectures liturgiques de la messe et de l’office n’avait
pas encore assumé un caractère absolu de stabilité. Il y avait des lectures de
rechange, afin de rendre la liturgie plus variée et plus riche.
L’antienne pour
l’offrande des oblations est identique à celle indiquée pour la messe de saint
Basilide le 12 juin.
Voici la prière pour la
présentation des offrandes : « Recevez, Seigneur, nos oblations et nos prières,
rendues plus dignes de votre Majesté par l’intercession de vos saints ».
L’antienne durant la
Communion des fidèles est commune au natale des saints Maris, Marthe, etc. ;
quant à la prière d’action de grâces, en voici le texte : « Nous avons été
rassasiés, Seigneur, par la participation au Sacrifice du saint Corps et du
précieux Sang de votre Jésus ; faites que la promesse contenue dans le rite
sacré se réalise pour nous au moyen du salut éternel ». Il faut remarquer le
mot libamen employé aujourd’hui dans le Missel. Libamen, libamentum ou libum
c’est, au sens classique, l’effusion d’un liquide quelconque en sacrifice à la
divinité. Par la suite, libare ou prælibare signifia aussi goûter, ou
participer au sacrifice en buvant du liquide offert. Transporté dans le langage
liturgique, ce mot indique que la Communion des fidèles représente à la fois
leur participation rituelle au Sacrifice eucharistique et le Banquet du
Sacrifice.
[3] Mes Frères, nous nous
tenons près des corps des Saints Martyrs.
Dom Pius Parsch, Le Guide
dans l’année liturgique
Les saints Processus et
Martinien. — Au temps où saint Pierre et saint Paul étaient enfermés dans la
prison mamertine, sur la colline tarpéienne, les deux geôliers Processus et
Martinien, touchés par la prédication et par les miracles des deux Apôtres,
embrassèrent la foi chrétienne et furent baptisés aussitôt avec l’eau qui
jaillit tout à coup d’une roche. Ils voulurent alors aider les apôtres à
s’échapper de leur prison. Ils subirent le martyre pour leur foi (en 67
environ). Les reliques des deux martyrs sont actuellement à Saint-Pierre de
Rome.
SOURCE : http://www.introibo.fr/02-07-Sts-Processus-et-Martinien#nh1
.JPG)
Profile
Prison
guard at the Mamertine
prison in Rome, Italy.
Worked with Saint Martinian. Guarded Saint Peter
the Apostle and Saint Paul
the Apostle when they were imprisoned in Rome. Converted to Christianity and
was baptized by
them. Tortured and executed in
the persecutions of Nero. Martyr.
beheaded on
the Aurelian road outside Rome, Italy
relics in Saint
Peter’s Basilica, Vatican, Rome
publicly venerated from
the 4th
century
Additional
Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
books
Martyrologium
Hieronymianum
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other
sites in english
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
sites
en français
fonti
in italiano
Martirologio Romano, 2005 edition
MLA
CitatOion
“Saint Processus of
Rome“. CatholicSaints.Info. 30 May 2023. Web. 1 July 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-processus/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-processus/
.JPG)
Profile
Prison
guard at the Mamertine
prison in Rome, Italy.
Worked with Saint Processus.
Guarded Saint Peter
the Apostle and Saint Paul
the Apostle when they were imprisoned in Rome. Converted to Christianity and baptized by
them. Tortured and executed in
the persecutions of Nero. Martyr.
beheaded on
the Aurelian road outside Rome, Italy
relics in Saint
Peter’s Basilica, Vatican, Rome
publicly venerated from
the 4th
century
Additional
Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
books
Martyrologium
Hieronymianum
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other
sites in english
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
sites
en français
fonti
in italiano
Martirologio Romano, 2005 edition
MLA
Citation
“Saint Martinian of
Rome“. CatholicSaints.Info. 30 May 2023. Web. 1 July 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-martinian-of-rome/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-martinian-of-rome/
Book of
Saints – Processus and Martinianus
Article
(July
2) (Saints) Martyrs (1st
century) Two of the warders of
the Mamertine Prison in Rome in
which Saints Peter and Paul were confined.
A miracle,
wrought by the two Apostles, converted them
to Christianity and
they were baptised by Saint Peter.
They met with tranquil constancy the cruel death to
which on that account they were sentenced, and have ever been in great
veneration, not only in Rome,
but throughout Christendom.
MLA
Citation
Monks of Ramsgate.
“Processus and Martinianus”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info.
30 June 2016. Web. 1 July 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-processus-and-martinianus/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-processus-and-martinianus/
Sts. Processus and
Martinian
The dates of
these martyrs are
unknown. The "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" (ed. De Rossi-Duchesne,
85) gives under 2 July their names. The Berne manuscript of
the Martyrology also gives their burial-place, viz. at the second
milestone of the Via Aurelia. The old catalogues of the burial
places of the Roman martyrs likewise
mention the graves of both these saints on
this road (De
Rossi, "Roma sotterranea", I, 182-3). They were publicly venerated in Rome from
the fourth or perhaps the third century, although nothing further is known.
Alegend makes them the keepers of the prison of
Sts. Peter and Paul (Lipsius,
"Apokryphe Apostelgeschich. u. Apostellegenden", II, Brunswick, 1887,
92, 105 sqq., 110 sq.). It cannot be shown how the legend came to give them
this identification. Pope Paschal I (817-24) translated the bones of
the two martyrs to
a chapel in
the old basilica
of St. Peter; they still rest under the altar dedicated to
them in the right transept of
the present St. Peter's. Their feast is
celebrated on 2 July.
Sources
Acta SS., July, I, 303-4;
DUFOURCQ, Les Gesta martyrum romains, I (Paris, 1900), 170 sq., 233, 327
sqq.; MARUCCHI, Les catacombes romaines (2nd ed., Rome, 1903), 46
sqq.
Kirsch, Johann
Peter. "Sts. Processus and Martinian." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1911. 2 Jul.
2020 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12449a.htm>.
Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by Robert B. Olson. Offered to
Almighty God for the gift of courage for all members of His Holy Catholic
Church.
Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. June 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2021 by Kevin Knight.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12449a.htm
July 2
SS. Processus and
Martinian, Martyrs
BY the preaching and
miracles of SS. Peter and Paul at Rome, many were converted to the faith, and
among others several servants and courtiers of the emperor Nero, of whom St.
Paul 1 makes mention. 2 In the year 64 that tyrant first drew his sword against
the Christians, who had in a very short time become very numerous and
remarkable in Rome. A journey which he made into Greece in 67, seems to have
given a short respite to the Church in Rome. He made a tour through the chief
cities of that country, attended by a great army of singers, pantomimes, and
musicians, carrying instead of arms, instruments of music, masks, and
theatrical dresses. He was declared conqueror at all the public diversions over
Greece, particularly at the Olympian, Isthmian, Pythian, and Nemæan games, and
gained there one thousand eight hundred various sorts of crowns. Yet Greece saw
its nobility murdered, the estates of its rich men confiscated, and its temples
plundered by this progress of Nero. He returned to Rome only to make the
streets of that great city again to stream with blood. The apostles SS. Peter
and Paul, after a long imprisonment were crowned with martyrdom. And soon after
them their two faithful disciples Processus and Martinian gained the same
crown. Their acts tell us that they were the keepers of the Mamertine jail
during the imprisonment of SS. Peter and Paul, by whom they were converted and
baptized. St. Gregory the Great preached his thirty-second homily on their
festival, in a church in which their bodies lay, at which he says, the sick
recovered their health, those who were possessed by evil spirits were freed,
and those who had foresworn themselves were tormented by the devils. Their
ancient church on the Aurelian road being fallen to decay, Pope Paschal I.
translated their relics to St. Peter’s church on the Vatican hill, as Anastasius
informs us. Their names occur in the ancient Martyrologies. See Tillemont,
Hist. Eccl. t. 1. p. 179. and Hist. des Emp. Crevier, &c. 1
Note 1. 1 Phil. iv. 20.
Note 2. Nero reigned the
first five years with so much clemency, that once when he was to sign an order
for the death of a condemned person, he said, “I wish I could not write.” But
his master Seneca, and Burrhus, the prefect of the prætorium, to whom this his
moderation was owing, even then discovered in him a bent to cruelty, to correct
which they strove to give his passions another turn. With this view Seneca
wrote and inscribed to him a treatise On Clemency, which we still have. But
both Seneca and Burrhus connived at an adulterous intrigue in which he was
engaged in his youth: so very defective was the virtue of the best among the
heathen philosophers. If the tutors imagined that by giving up a part, they
might save the rest, and by indulging him in the softer passions they might
check those which seemed more fatal to the commonwealth, the event showed how
much they were deceived by this false human prudence, and how much more
glorious it would have been to have preferred death to the least moral evil,
could paganism have produced any true martyrs of virtue. The passions are not
to be stilled by being soothed: whatever is allowed them is but an allurement
to go farther, and soon makes their tyranny uncontrollable. Of this Nero is an
instance. For, availing himself of this indulgence, he soon gave an entire
loose to all his desires, especially when he began to feel the dangerous
pleasure of being master of his own person and actions. He plunged himself
publicly, and without shame or constraint, into the most infamous debaucheries,
in which such was the perversity of his heart, that, as Suetonius tells us, he
believed nobody to be less voluptuous and abandoned than himself, though he
said they were more private in their crimes, and greater hypocrites;
notwithstanding, at that very time, Rome abounded with most perfect examples of
virtue and chastity among the Christians.
There is a degree of
folly inseparable from vice. But this in Nero seemed by superlative malice to
degenerate into downright phrenzy. All his projects consisted in the
extravagances of a madman; and nothing so much flattered his pride as to
undertake things that seemed impossible. He forgot all common rules of decency,
order, or justice. It was his greatest ambition to sing or perform the part of
an actor on the stage, to play on musical instruments in the theatre, or to
drive a chariot in the circus. And whoever did not applaud all his
performances, or had not the complaisance to let him carry the prize at every
race or public diversion, his throat was sure to be cut, or he was reserved for
some more barbarous death; for cruelty was the vice which above all others has
rendered his name detestable. At the instigation of Poppæa, a most infamous
adulteress, he caused his mother Agrippina to be slain in the year 58, and from
that time it seemed to be his chief delight to glut his savage mind with the
slaughter of the bravest, the most virtuous, and the most noble persons of the
universe, especially of those who were the nearest to him. He put to death his
wife Octavia after many years ill-usage, and he cut off almost all the most illustrious
heads of the empire.
Rev. Alban Butler
(1711–73). Volume VII: July. The Lives of the Saints. 1866.
SOURCE : http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/022.html
The Holy Martyrs
Processus and Martinian were pagans and they served as guards at the
Mamertine prison in Rome.
State criminals were held
in this prison, among them some Christians. Watching the Christian prisoners
and listening to their preaching, Processus and Martinian gradually came to the
knowledge of the Savior. When the holy Apostle Peter was locked up at the
Mamertine prison, Processus and Martinian came to believe in Christ. They
accepted holy Baptism from the apostle and released him from prison.
The jailer Paulinus
learned about this, and he demanded that Sts Processus and Martinian renounce
Christ. But they fearlessly confessed Christ, and they spat at the golden
statue of Jupiter. Paulinus ordered that they be slapped on the face, and then
seeing the resolute stance of the holy martyrs, he subjected them to torture.
The martyrs were beaten with iron rods, scorched with fire, and finally, thrown
into prison.
A certain illustrious and
pious woman, by the name of Lucina, visited them in prison and gave them help
and encouragement. The torturer Paulinus was soon punished by God. He fell
blind and died three days later. The son of Paulinus went to the city ruler
demanding that the martyrs be put to death. Sts Processus and Martinian were
beheaded by the sword (+ ca. 67).
Lucina buried the bodies
of the martyrs. Today their tomb is in the south transept of St Peter’s
Basilica in Rome.
SOURCE : http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/04/11/101056-martyr-martinian-of-rome
St. Processus and
Martinian
Feastday: July 2
Death: 65
Martyrs buried on
the Aurelian Way.
According to tradition, they were two Roman martyrs who were much venerated in
the Eternal City, including having a basilica on
the Aurelian. They joined the Apostles Peter
and Paul in the Mamertine Prison in Rome before
their executions. A spring flowed miraculously in the prison, and Processus and
Martinian, both wardens, were baptized in the miraculous waters.
Their relics are
preserved in St. Peter's Basilica. Their cults have been limited to local
calendars since 1969.
SOURCE : https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5485
Saint Martinian of Rome -
Martyr
Saint of the Day : July
2
Died :
• Beheaded on the
Aurelian road outside Rome, Italy
• Relics in Saint Peter's
Basilica, Vatican, Rome
By the preaching and
miracles of Saints Peter and Paul at Rome, many were converted to the faith,
and among others several servants and courtiers of the emperor Nero, of whom
Saint Paul makes mention. In the year 64 that tyrant first drew his sword
against the Christians, who had in a very short time become very numerous and
remarkable in Rome. A journey which he made into Greece in 67, seems to have
given a short respite to the Church in Rome. He made a tour through the chief
cities of that country, attended by a great army of singers, pantomimes, and
musicians, carrying instead of arms, instruments of music, masks, and theatrical
dresses. He was declared conqueror at all the public diversions over Greece,
particularly at the Olympian, Isthmian, Pythian, and Nemæan games, and gained
there one thousand eight hundred various sorts of crowns. Yet Greece saw its
nobility murdered, the estates of its rich men confiscated, and its temples
plundered by this progress of Nero. He returned to Rome only to make the
streets of that great city again to stream with blood. The apostles Saints
Peter and Paul, after a long imprisonment were crowned with martyrdom. And soon
after them their two faithful disciples Processus and Martinian gained the same
crown. Their acts tell us that they were the keepers of the Mamertine jail
during the imprisonment of Saints Peter and Paul, by whom they were converted
and baptized. Saint Gregory the Great preached his thirty-second homily on
their festival, in a church in which their bodies lay, at which he says, the
sick recovered their health, those who were possessed by evil spirits were
freed, and those who had foresworn themselves were tormented by the devils.
Their ancient church on the Aurelian road being fallen to decay, Pope Paschal I
translated their relics to Saint Peter’s church on the Vatican hill, as
Anastasius informs us. Their names occur in the ancient Martyrologies.
SOURCE : https://saintscatholic.blogspot.com/2015/07/saint-martinian-of-rome-martyr.html
Saturday, July 02, 2016
Saints
Processus and Martinian
GREGORY DIPIPPO
For many centuries
before the
feast of the Visitation was instituted, July 2nd was kept as the feast of
the martyrs Ss Processus and Martinian, who remain as a commemoration on that
day in the Extraordinary Form. According to a legend current since the sixth
century, they were the jailers in charge of keeping Ss Peter and Paul in the
Mamertine prison in Rome during the reign of the Emperor Nero, and having been
converted by the Apostles, allowed them to escape. For this, they were put to
death after a long series of torments, through which they simply said over and
over again, “Blessed be the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ, whom his blessed
Apostles have preached!” Originally buried in a cemetery off the via Aurelia,
their remains were transferred to the ancient Basilica of St Peter by Pope
Paschal I in the early ninth century. The north transept of the new basilica is
named for them, where their relics are kept under the middle of the three
altars.
The central altar is
where this painting of their martyrdom, by the French painter Valentin de
Boulogne (1629) was originally displayed; it is now replaced by a mosaic copy.
Since the windows of St Peter’s Basilica are so high up, the marble
walls are never exposed to direct sunlight for any great length of time,
and generally remain cooler than the air. In the summertime, when Italy is
often very hot and humid, a great deal of moisture comes into the building and
condenses on the cooler marble. In the middle of the 18th century, it was
realized that the paintings over the altars were being destroyed because they
had a slick of condensation over them for several months of the year; there
were therefore all taken down and replaced by mosaics. The original is now in
the Painting Gallery of the Vatican Museums.
Valentin was an unabashed plagiarist of Caravaggio, in terms of both style and
subject. One of the latter’s more prestigious commissions was a series of three
paintings of the life of St Matthew in the Contarelli Chapel of the church of
San Luigi dei Francesi. The angel whom Valentin shows here bringing the palm of
victory to the martyrs is essentially a cross between the two angels painted by
Caravaggio, one inspiring St Matthew in the writing of the Gospel, and the
other bringing him the palm of martyrdom.
SOURCE : https://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2016/07/saints-processus-and-martinian.html
The Holy Martyrs
Processus and Martinian
(April 11)
They were warders in the
Roman prison where the Apostles Peter and Paul were held captive. Hearing the
words and seeing the mira-cles of these apostles, they were baptised and
released the apostles from prison. The apostles left Rome, but the Lord appeared
to Peter on the Appian Way. 'Lord, whither goestThou?', asked Peter of Him, and
the Lord replied: `I'm going to Rome, to be crucified afresh.' The apostles
returned to Rome in shame, where they were arrested and killed; the two
courageous martyrs, Processus and Martinian, being beheaded along with Paul.
SerbianOrthodoxChurch.net
* From "The Prologue from Ochrid", by Bishop Nikolai Velimirovic -
Lazarica Press - Birmingham 1985
Four Book Edition - Translated by Mother Maria - Dates based on old church calendar.
Please see our calendar for
conversion between old and new calendar dates
SOURCE : http://www.serbianorthodoxchurch.net/cgi-bin/saints.cgi?view=716313443454
Martyrs Processus and
Martinian of Rome
Commemorated on April
11
The Holy Martyrs
Processus and Martinian were pagans and they served as guards at the Mamertine
prison in Rome.
State criminals were held
in this prison, among them some Christians. Watching the Christian prisoners and
listening to their preaching, Processus and Martinian gradually came to the
knowledge of the Savior. When the holy Apostle Peter was locked up at the
Mamertine prison, Processus and Martinian came to believe in Christ. They
accepted holy Baptism from the apostle and released him from prison.
The jailer Paulinus
learned about this, and he demanded that Saints Processus and Martinian
renounce Christ. But they fearlessly confessed Christ, and they spat at the
golden statue of Jupiter. Paulinus ordered that they be slapped on the face,
and then seeing the resolute stance of the holy martyrs, he subjected them to
torture. The martyrs were beaten with iron rods, scorched with fire, and
finally, thrown into prison.
A certain illustrious and
pious woman by the name of Lucina visited them in prison and gave them help and
encouragement. The torturer Paulinus was soon punished by God. He fell blind
and died three days later. The son of Paulinus went to the city ruler demanding
that the martyrs be put to death. Saints Processus and Martinian were beheaded
by the sword (+ ca. 67).
Lucina buried the bodies
of the martyrs. Today their tomb is in the south transept of Saint Peter’s
Basilica in Rome.
SOURCE : https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2023/04/11/101055-martyrs-processus-and-martinian-of-rome
https://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/v/valentin/stprocess.html
The Mamertine Prison (Carcere Mamertinum) near the Forum Romanum, Rome, with an altar commemorating the imprisonment of Saints Peter and Paul there
.jpg)
The Mamertine
Prison (Italian: Carcere Mamertino), in antiquity
the Tullianum, was a prison (carcer) with a dungeon (oubliette)
located in the Comitium in ancient
Rome. Saints Martinian and Processus, guards from
the same prison. After being baptized by St. Peter, both were imprisoned
awaiting execution.
Santi Processo e
Martiniano Martiri
Martirologio Romano : A
Roma nel cimetero di Damaso al secondo miglio della via Aurelia santi Processo
e Martiniano, martiri.
Il Martirologio Geronimiano li commemora tre volte: al 31 magg., al 1° e al 2 lugl. indicando il loro sepolcro al II miglio della via Aurelia. L'ultima data è il vero dies natalis, che è anche attestato dai Sacramentari Gregoriano e Gelasiano di S. Gallo e dal Calendario marmoreo di Napoli. In loro onore fu edificata una chiesa, non lungi dall'attuale basilica di S. Pancrazio, efficiente e visitata dai pellegrini nel sec. VII come attestano gli Itinerari. Questa chiesa, secondo una notizia del Praedestinatus (PL, LIII, col. 616), alla fine del sec. IV fu occupata da un prete montanista con lo specioso pretesto che i due santi sarebbero stati di origine frigia e quindi appartenenti a quella setta; l'intruso però fu cacciato da un decreto imperiale e la chiesa ritornò ai cattolici, ed in essa il papa Gregorio Magno recitò un'omelia nell'anniversario della festa dei martiri (PL, LXXVI, coll. 1232-38). Il discorso del pontefice non dà notizie sui due santi, ma, dopo aver accennato che presso i loro sepolcri accorrevano molti malati, riferisce un episodio accaduto al tempo dei Goti e secondo il quale una donna avrebbe visto i due santi apparirle sub peregrino habitu, vestiti come monaci. Questo particolare è in forte contrasto con le fonti letterarie, che presentano i martiri come militari e custodi degli apostoli Pietro e Paolo nel carcere Mamertino e da loro convertiti. Naturalmente neanche le fonti letterarie sono di ineccepibile valore storico, ma le accennate divergenze suscitano dei problemi sulla consistenza della tradizione romana a proposito della esistenza e della cronologia dei martiri, come sulla mutua dipendenza delle stesse fonti letterarie.
Questi problemi sono stati studiati da Pio Franchi de' Cavalieri, ma tutte le sue conclusioni non sembrano inoppugnabili. Secondo il dotto agiografo, già nel sec. V fu composta una passio molto generica senza precise notizie cronologiche (più o meno simile al cap. II dell'attuale redazione) in cui si narrava il loro martirio e la loro sepoltura sulla via Aurelia; poco dopo, all'inizio del sec. VI, fu composta una nuova passio (BHL, II, p. 1011, n. 6947) nella quale i due santi erano presentati come carcerieri degli apostoli e da loro convertiti e battezzati (attuale cap. I). Queste notizie deriverebbero dalla falsa interpretazione delle scene scolpite sul sarcofago che custodiva le spoglie dei martiri, o di un altro lì vicino, nelle quali erano rappresentati episodi del ciclo di s. Pietro e precisamente: 1) Mosè-Pietro che fa scaturire le acque dalla rupe da cui bevono due soldati ebrei; 2) Pietro col bastone tra due guardie; 3) Pietro in colloquio con Gesù Cristo. Infine l'episodio dei due carcerieri fu preso e divulgato anche dall'apocrifo Martirio di Pietro dello pseudo-Lino.
La genesi della leggenda, delineata da Franchi de' Cavalieri, ha molte probabilità di verosimiglianza almeno in linea di massima; invece è da rivedere, forse, la questione dell'interdipendenza tra la Passio e il Martirio, dal momento che quest'ultimo è attribuito al sec. IV. Comunque, quale che sia il giusto giudizio sulla dipendenza delle fonti, si può con certezza affermare che dei santi P. e M. niente si conosce di sicuro, né sulla loro identità, né sul tempo del loro martirio; ma ciò non pregiudica affatto la loro esistenza storica e il culto loro tributato fin dall'antichità e attestato da documenti degni di fede.
Autore: Agostino Amore
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91719
SANTI PROCESSO E
MARTINIANO, MARTIRI ROMANI
Processo e Martiniano,
martiri. Sono sepolti al II miglio di via Aurelia a Roma, nei pressi
dell’attuale basilica di san Pancrazio. Si ritiene che i due fossero i
carcerieri dei santi Apostoli Pietro e Paolo, imprigionati presso il carcere
Mamertino. La tradizione ritiene che Processo e Martiniano si convertirono,
furono battezzati e successivamente martirizzati.
I dati storici lasciano
però più di qualche perplessità, anche perché pare che tutto sia nato alla luce
delle scene scolpite sul sarcofago che custodiva le spoglie dei martiri. Lì
erano rappresentati episodi del ciclo di san Pietro che, come Mosè, fece
scaturire le acque dalla rupe da cui bevono i due soldati ebrei; una seconda
scena, Pietro col bastone tra le guardie; infine, Pietro in colloquio con Gesù.
Al di là delle incertezze
storiche, la testimonianza dei santi Processo e Martiniano ha sostenuto e
incoraggiato non pochi cristiani nel restare saldi nella fede, fino al dono
della vita.
Il Carcere Mamertino (o
Carcer Tullianum)
La tradizione li ritiene
i due carcerieri dei santi apostoli Pietro e Paolo nel carcere Mamertino,
anticamente conosciuto come il Carcer Tullianum, il più antico di Roma e
quindi, molto probabilmente, luogo dove vissero gli ultimi giorni i santi
Apostoli prima di essere martirizzati. Pare che il luogo risalga al VII secolo
a.C., scavato nella cinta muraria che proteggeva il Campidoglio: ma la sua
posizione – davanti al Foro dove si svolgeva in gran parte la vita pubblica –
era anche un chiaro richiamo rivolto ai cittadini.
Santi Processo e Martiniano
Martiri
(† Secolo I)
Due convertiti di san
Pietro. In questo giorno in cui Satana vede per la prima volta
indietreggiare davanti all’arca santa la sua infernale milizia, due combattenti
dell’esercito degli eletti fanno da corteo alla loro Regina. Inviati verso
Maria da Pietro stesso , dovettero tale onore alla fede che fece loro
riconoscere nel condannato da Nerone il capo del popolo di Dio. I loro Atti (di
tarda epoca e sfortunatamente poco sicuri) ci riferiscono che il principe degli
Apostoli aspettava il martirio in fondo al carcere Mamertino, quando la misericordia
divina condusse accanto a lui due soldati romani. Uno si chiamava Processo,
l’altro Martiniano. Essi furono colpiti dalla dignità di quel vecchio affidato
per alcune ore alla loro custodia e che doveva risalire alla luce del sole
unicamente per morire sul patibolo. Pietro parlò loro della vita eterna e del
Figlio di Dio che ha amato gli uomini fino a dare il proprio sangue per il loro
riscatto. Processo e Martiniano ricevettero con cuore docile quell’insegnamento
inatteso, l’accettarono con iningenua fede, chiesero la grazia della
rigenerazione e ricevettero il battesimo. Non tardarono a pagare con la vita
l’onore di essere stati iniziati alla fede cristiana dal Principe degli
Apostoli, e sono venerati fra i martiri.
Le reliquie dei due
santi. Il loro culto risale tanto indietro quanto quello dello stesso san
Pietro. Dopo l’èra delle persecuzioni, sulle loro tombe sorge una basilica. San
Gregorio vi pronunciò nell’anniversario del loro martirio la sua trentaduesima
omelia sul Vangelo. Il grande Papa rende testimonianza ai miracoli che
avvenivano in quel sacro luogo e celebra in particolare il potere che hanno i
due santi martiri di proteggere i loro devoti nel giorno della morte. Nel IX
secolo san Pasquale I pose i loro corpi accanto a quello del Principe degli
Apostoli nella basilica vaticana. Essi occupano oggi il posto d’onore, in fondo
al transetto di destra al quale hanno dato il loro nome. Fu qui che si tenne il
Concilio Vaticano. Non dimentichiamo questi insigni protettori della Chiesa. Se
la loro gloria si perde ora in quella della Madonna della Visitazione, la loro
potenza ha potuto tuttavia solo ingrandirsi in questo raccostamento con la
dolce regina della terra e dei cieli.
Dom Prosper
Guéranger, L’anno liturgico, II. Tempo Pasquale e dopo la Pentecoste,
trad. it. L. Roberti, P. Graziani e P. Suffia, Alba, 1959
SOURCE : https://sanctoral.com/it/santi/santi_processo_e_martiniano.html
Voir aussi : http://www.newmanconnection.com/faith/saint/saint-processus-and-martinian
http://cosaque.over-blog.net/article-saint-martyr-processus-de-rome-73183834.html
