La chiesa di sant'Eusebio è un luogo di culto cattolico monastico
di Roma (Rione Esquilino), dedicata al martire del IV secolo Eusebio di Roma[1].
L'edificio, attualmente in posizione seminascosta, è incastrato fra i palazzi del Piano regolatore del 1873 nell'angolo fra piazza Vittorio Emanuele II e via Napoleone III. Chiesa titolare e parrocchia, ma non basilica minore, è uno dei monumenti cristiani più insigni del Rione.
Saint Eusèbe
Prêtre fondateur d'une église à Rome (4ème s.)
À Rome, peut-être au IVe siècle, saint Eusèbe,
fondateur du titre de son nom sur l’Esquilin.
Martyrologe romain
14 August (church
of San Eusebio, Rome, Italy)
Profile
Imperial Roman patrician. Priest. Pope Liberius subscribed
to the Arian formula
of Sirmium; when he was permitted by the Emperor Constantius to return to Rome,
Eusebius, an ardent defender of the Nicene Creed, publicly denounced them both.
He was imprisoned,
and died seven
months later. Confessor.
357 of
maltreatment in prison in Rome, Italy
relics in
church of San Eusebio, Rome
Additional Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Francis
Xavier Weninger
Pictorial
Lives of the Saints, by John Dawson Gilmary Shea
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other sites in english
sitios en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
sites en français
fonti in italiano
MLA Citation
“Saint Eusebius of Rome“. CatholicSaints.Info. 15
October 2018. Web. 8 April 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/saint-eusebius-of-rome/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-eusebius-of-rome/
St. Eusebius
A presbyter at Rome; date of birth
unknown; d. 357(?). He was a Roman patrician and priest, and is mentioned
with distinction in Latin martyrologies. The
ancient genuine martyrology of
Usuard styles him confessor at Rome under
the Arian emperor
Constantius and adds that he was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Some
later martyrologies call
him a martyr.
The "Acta Eusebii", discovered in 1479 by
Mombritius and reproduced by Baluze in his
"Miscellanea" (1678-1715), tell the following story: When Pope Liberius was
permitted by Constantius to return to Rome, supposedly at the
price of his orthodoxy,
by subscribing to the Arian formula
of Sirmium,
Eusebius, a priest,
an ardent defender of the Nicene Creed, publicly
preached against both pope and
emperor, branding them as heretics. When the orthodox party who
supported the antipope Felix
were excluded from all the churches, Eusebius continued to hold Divine service
in his own house. He was arrested and brought before Liberius and Constantius.
Here he boldly reproved Liberius for
deserting the Catholic Faith. In consequence he
was placed in a dungeon, four feet wide (or was imprisoned in his
own house), where he spent his time in prayer and died
after seven months. His body was buried in the cemetery of Callistus with the
simple inscription: "Eusebio homini Dei". This act of kindness was
performed by two priests,
Gregory and Orosius, friends of Eusebius. Gregory was put into the same prison and also
died there. He was buried by
Orosius, who professes to be the writer of the Acts.
It is generally admitted that these Acts were a forgery either
entirely or at least in part, and written in the same spirit if not by the same
hand, as the notice on Liberius in
the "Liber
Pontificalis". The Bollandists and Tillemont point out
some grave historical difficulties in the narrative, especially the fact
that Liberius,
Constantius and Eusebius were never in Rome at the same
time. Constantius visit Rome but once, and
remained there for about a month, and Liberius was then
still in exile. Some, taking for granted the alleged fall of Liberius, would overcome
this difficulty by stating that, at the request of Liberius, who resented
the zeal of
the priest,
the secular power interfered
and imprisoned Eusebius.
It is not at all certain whether Eusebius died after the return of Liberius, during his
exile, or even much before that period.
The feast of St. Eusebius is kept on 14 August. The
church of the Equiline in Rome dedicated to
him, said to have been built on the site of his house, is mentioned in the acts
of a council held in Rome under Pope Symmachus in
498 (Manai, VIII, 236-237), and was rebuilt by Pope Zacharias. Formerly
it had a statio on the Friday after the fourth Sunday in Lent. It once belonged
to the Celestines (an
order now extinct); Leo
XII gave it to the Jesuits. A good picture
representing the triumph of Eusebius, by Raphael Menge, 1759 is
on the ceiling. San Eusebio is the title of the cardinal-priest. The
title was transferred by Gregory XVI, but
restored by Pius IX.
Sources
Am. Cath. Q. Rev., VIII, 529; STOKES in Dict. Of Chr. Biogr., a.v.; Acta SS., Aug., II, 166, and Sept., VI, 297; ARMELLINI, La Chiese di Roma (Rome 1887);c f. DUCHESNE, Liber Pontificalis (Paris 1886-92), I, s.v. Liberius, also the Introduction; DUFOURCQ, Les Gesta Martyrum Romains (Paris 1904).
Mershman, Francis. "St.
Eusebius." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York:
Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 8 Apr.
2021 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for
New Advent by C.A. Montgomery.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. May
1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop
of New York.
Copyright © 2020 by Kevin Knight.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615a.htm
Sant’ Eusebio di Roma Prete
Roma 319 ca. – Roma, 14 agosto 353 ca.
Martirologio Romano: A Roma, sant’Eusebio,
fondatore della basilica del suo titolo sul colle Esquilino.
Vi sono ben 42 santi o beati con questo nome, certamente uno dei più diffusi nella agiografia cristiana; il s. Eusebio di cui parliamo era un prete di Roma al tempo dell’imperatore Costanzo II (318-361) figlio di Costantino il Grande, che dopo la morte dei fratelli Costante e Costantino II, rimase unico imperatore nel 353.
Eusebio per aver rimproverato al papa Liberio (352-366) la sua debolezza di fronte all’arianesimo di Costanzo II, che fu l’iniziatore in quel periodo del cosiddetto “cesaropapismo”, ossia l’ingerenza del potere civile negli affari ecclesiastici, fu rinchiuso per ordine dell’imperatore, in una piccola stanza.
L’arianesimo fu l’eresia di Ario (320) secondo cui il Verbo, incarnato in Gesù non è della stessa sostanza del Padre, ma rappresenta la prima delle sue creature; condannata dai Concili di Alessandria (321) e di Nicea (325) venne combattuta da s. Atanasio, il quale venne difeso da papa Liberio nei confronti di Costanzo II.
Eusebio soffrì in questa piccola stanza per sette mesi, dove morì alla fine, il
14 agosto del 353 ca.; il suo corpo fu sepolto nel cimitero di Callisto dai
presbiteri Gregorio ed Orosio, i quali misero sulla tomba anche l’iscrizione
“Eusebio homini Dei”, in seguito alcuni storici biografi lo riportano come
‘martire’.
Egli è ricordato nel ‘Martirologio Geronimiano’ al 14 agosto come santo, a cui
è intitolato il “titulus” omonimo, cioè l’antica chiesa sull’Esquilino; questa
chiesa esisteva già nel IV secolo, come l’attesta un graffito del lettore
Olimpo, ritrovato in un cimitero romano.
La chiesa viene nominata o ricordata in varie citazioni dei secoli successivi, sancendo un culto antico ma affermato di s. Eusebio prete, il cui nome poi entrò nei Martirologi storici e anche nel celebre Calendario Marmoreo di Napoli.
Autore: Antonio Borrelli
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91373
San Eusebio de Roma. s. IV.
Martirologio Romano: En Roma, san Eusebio,
fundador de la iglesia que lleva su nombre en el monte Esquilino.
Era un presbítero romano del rango de los patricios
que fundó en el Esquilino la iglesia parroquial llamada con su nombre
"titulus Eusebii". Según las Actas de Eusebio era un
sacerdote que se opuso al emperador arriano Constancio, apoyó al antipapa «san»
Félix II, y predicó públicamente contra el papa san Liberio y siguió celebrando
en su casa los sagrados misterios cuando se le prohibió hacerlo en las
iglesias. Por ello, fue encarcelado en una reducida habitación de su propia
casa, donde murió siete meses más tarde, pero todo esto es falso y no tiene
ningún valor histórico. Desde 1969 su culto se ha limitado a su iglesia de
Roma.
SOURCE : http://hagiopedia.blogspot.com/2013/08/otros-santos-del-dia_14.html
