Master
Of The Avignon School, Vision of Cardinal Pierre de Luxembourg, circa 1450
Enguerrand Quarton, La visione di Pietro di
Lussemburgo (1460 circa); olio
su tavola, 78 x 58, Musée du Petit Palais, Avignone.
Bienheureux Pierre de
Luxembourg
Cardinal évêque de Metz (+ 1387)
Pierre est le fils du comte de Ligny (Meuse) et de la comtesse de saint Pol,
puissante famille qui donne des rois à la Bohême et des empereurs au Saint
Empire.
Né en 1369, orphelin à 10 ans, il est élevé par sa tante, la comtesse
d'Ossièges, qui l'envoie étudier à Paris.
Évêque de Metz en 1384, cardinal en 1387, il meurt la même année.
Pierre de Ligny-Luxembourg, cardinal (1384-1387)
- Pierre, issu de la famille des comtes de Luxembourg, naquit à
Ligny-en-Barrois le 20 juillet 1369. Évêque de Metz et cardinal, il mourut le 2
juillet 1387 et fut béatifié en 1527. Il se fit remarquer, très jeune, par son
humilité, ses pénitences et son culte envers la Vierge Marie. Son tombeau est
vénéré à Villeneuve-lès-Avignon. (Diocèse de Metz)
- Pierre, fils du comte Guy de Luxembourg et de la comtesse Mahaut de
Châtillon, naquit au château de Ligny-en-Barrois, en Lorraine, le 20 juillet
1369. Orphelin très jeune, il fut envoyé dés l’âge de 8 ans à Paris pour
étudier. Ce fut un élève précoce et brillant, aimant chanter et danser, mais
aussi pieux et mystique, se confessant tous les jours, charitable envers les
pauvres et pacificateur dans une université turbulente. (Pierre de Luxemburg -
diocèse d'Avignon)
- Pierre de Luxembourg, de la famille des comtes de Luxembourg, naquit le 19
juillet 1369. Tout jeune, il fut livré aux Anglais comme otage en remplacement
de son frère, qui était libéré pour pourvoir à sa rançon. Il fit preuve d'une
éminente sainteté. Nommé évêque de Metz, malgré ses 15 ans, et, peu après,
cardinal, il vint en Avignon sur l'ordre du pape. Il mourut à Villeneuve lès
Avignon, âgé de 18 ans. Son tombeau devint un lieu de miracles: deux ans après
sa mort, on en comptait plus de deux mille. Clément VII le mit au rang des
bienheureux en 1527. Ses reliques, conservées dans l'église des Célestins
d'Avignon, furent dispersées pendant la Révolution. (Les Saints du diocèse de
Nîmes)
À Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, en 1387, le trépas du bienheureux Pierre de
Luxembourg, évêque de Metz. Apparenté à l’empereur et aux rois, ordonné évêque
et promu cardinal par Clément VII, alors qu’il n’avait pas encore quinze ans,
il ne put résider en paix dans son diocèse. Sans cesse désireux avant tout
d’austérités et de prière, il quitta ce monde quelques jours avant ses dix-huit
ans, en demandant à être enterré dans le cimetière des pauvres.
Martyrologe romain
SOURCE : http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1429/Bienheureux-Pierre-de-Luxembourg.html
Unknown
painter of the second half of XV century, Miracle of a resurrection
accomplished by Blessed Peter of Luxembourg, fresco, Ivrea Cathedral, Piedmont.
Duomo (Ivrea) - Frescos ; Pierre de Luxembourg
Pittore
ignoto del XV secolo, Miracolo di una resurrezione compiuto dal Beato
Pietro di Lussemburgo, Ivrea, Duomo.
BIENHEUREUX PIERRE de
LUXEMBOURG
Cardinal
(1369-1387)
Ce bienheureux vint au
monde le 20 juillet 1369, d'une famille illustre parmi les plus illustres de
l'Europe entière. Sa mère ne voulut jamais permettre qu'il fût nourri d'un
autre lait que du sien, afin de l'éloigner de toute influence perverse, et de
répandre en son coeur, avec le lait, les premiers germes de la vertu. Ses
moeurs intègres, son humilité, sa modestie, attirèrent sur lui l'admiration de
tout le monde; sa dévotion savait s'allier avec les exigences extérieures, et
il se faisait remarquer, en même temps que par sa gravité, par une aisance et
une amabilité charmante.
A six ans, il voua à Dieu
sa virginité, et poussa au même voeu sa soeur Jeanne, âgée de douze ans. Ayant
appris que la charité était une vertu traditionnelle dans sa famille, il
l'exerça dès son enfance avec le plus grand soin.
Chanoine à quinze ans, il
dut, à seize ans, accepter l'évêché de Metz, sans toutefois avoir reçu encore
les ordres sacrés, et il gouverna ce diocèse, ayant pour coadjuteur un évêque
choisi dans l'Ordre de Saint-Dominique. L'épiscopat était au-dessus de l'âge de
Pierre, mais non au-dessus de ses mérites. Il fit son entrée à Metz pieds nus
et monté sur un âne: il bannit de son palais et de son entourage tout luxe et
tout éclat; il ne fut magnifique qu'à l'égard des pauvres et pour la
construction de nouveaux temples au Seigneur.
Il avait une extrême
délicatesse de conscience et tenait son corps dans une grande servitude. Il
vécut dans une telle pureté de coeur, que, de l'aveu de ceux qui dirigeaient
son âme, il ne commit jamais un péché mortel, ce qui ne l'empêchait pas de se
regarder comme le plus grand des pécheurs. Il s'exhalait de sa personne une
odeur si suave, qu'on eût cru qu'il se parfumait; mais ce n'était que la bonne
odeur de Jésus-Christ.
Plein de Dieu, il ne Le
perdait jamais de vue, et sa vie fut une oraison continuelle; la prière,
l'étude, le soin de son diocèse, occupaient tout son temps: "Puisqu'on a
voulu me faire évêque, disait-il, il n'est plus de saison d'être un jeune
homme." Plus d'une fois on le vit tomber en extase, environné de lumière.
Le Pape, frappé de sa
sainteté, le créa cardinal; mais, dix mois après, Pierre tomba malade; sentant
venir sa fin, il obligea ses domestiques à le flageller, pour expier les
scandales qu'il disait leur avoir donnés. Il mourut à l'âge de dix-huit ans.
Abbé L. Jaud, Vie des
Saints pour tous les jours de l'année, Tours, Mame, 1950.
SOURCE : http://magnificat.ca/cal/fr/saints/bienheureux_pierre_de_luxembourg.html
Fête
de Pierre de Luxembourg à Châteauneuf-du-Pape.
Processie in Châteauneuf-du-Pape voor de zalige Peter van Luxemburg
Bienheureux Pierre de
Luxembourg
Évêque - 2 juillet
Article publié le jeudi 24 avril 2008
Pierre, fils du comte Guy de Luxembourg et de la comtesse Mahaut de Châtillon,
naquit au château de Ligny-en-Barrois, en Lorraine, le 20 juillet 1369.
Orphelin très jeune, il fut envoyé dés l’âge de 8 ans à Paris pour étudier. Ce
fut un élève précoce et brillant, aimant chanter et danser, mais aussi pieux et
mystique, se confessant tous les jours, charitable envers les pauvres et
pacificateur dans une université turbulente.
En 1380, pendant plusieurs mois, il fut livré en otage aux Anglais à Calais
pour la libération de son frère aîné. Il avait à peine 15 ans quand il fut
nommé évêque de Metz par l’entremise de son frère et il accepta par obéissance
et à regret. Mais des situations conflictuelles le contraignirent bientôt à
abandonner son diocèse et à revenir dans sa ville natale. Créé cardinal-diacre
par le pape d’Avignon Clément VII, il reçut l’ordination diaconale à Pâques
1384 en la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris dont il était chanoine.
Selon le désir du pape, il se rendit à Avignon pour résider à la cour
pontificale. Depuis six ans déjà, le grand schisme d’Occident divisait l’Église
et le jeune cardinal, qui souffrait beaucoup de cette déchirure, fut tout ce
qui était en son pouvoir pour y mettre un terme. Il s’imposait à cette fin des
nuits en prière, des jeûnes et de très grandes mortifications en affirmant :
"L’Église de Dieu n’a rien à attendre des hommes, de la science ni de la
force armée, c’est par la piété, la pénitence et les bonnes œuvres qu’elle doit
être relevée et elle le sera. Vivons de manière à attirer la miséricorde
divine".
Déjà marqué par la souffrance et par une santé chétive, il avait une grande
dévotion pour la passion et la croix du Christ, qui lui valut la grâce d ’une
vision extatique de Jésus Crucifié au cours d’une visite à Châteauneuf-du-Pape.
En 1386, sa santé donna de très sérieuses inquiétudes et il dut résider à
Villeneuve, de l’autre côté du Rhône. Déchargé désormais de toute obligation,
il allait prier longuement à la Chartreuse proche de sa demeure. Mais ses
forces déclinèrent rapidement car le mal s’aggravait ; il restait cependant
calme, patient, peu exigeant et toujours souriant. Alors qu’il n’avait pas
encore tout à fait 18 ans, il mourut le 2 juillet 1387 en murmurant :
"C’est en Jésus Christ mon Sauveur et la Vierge Marie que j’ai remis
toutes mes espérances". A sa demande, il fut enterré à Avignon dans le
cimetière Saint-Michel des pauvres. Aussitôt les miracles se multiplièrent sur
sa tombe et sa réputation de sainteté ne cessa pas de grandir, entraînant
l’ouverture de son procès de canonisation. Néanmoins, par suite de diverses
vicissitudes historiques, il ne fut béatifié que le 9 avril 1527 par le pape
Clément VII. Ses reliques, conservées jusqu’à la Révolution dans l’église du
Couvent des Célestins édifié pour les garder, sont vénérées depuis 1854 dans
l’église Saint-Didier d’Avignon, à Châteauneuf-du-Pape et à Ligny-en-Barrois.
Son chapeau cardinalice, sa dalmatique et son étole diaconale sont encore
visibles en l’église Saint-Pierre d’Avignon.
Saint françois de Sales, qui avait pour lui une profonde dévotion depuis son
enfance, voulut venir prier sur son tombeau en novembre 1622, un mois juste
avant sa mort, et il déclara alors : "Je n’ai jamais rien lu qui m’eût
donné autant de confusion sur ma vocation ecclésiastique que la vie de ce jeune
cardinal".
SOURCE : http://diocese-avignon.fr/spip/Bienheureux-Pierre-de-Luxemburg
Pierre de Luxembourg
Biographie
Né en 1369 — Mort à
Villeneuve-lès-Avignon en 1387
Après des études de
théologie à Paris, il est nommé évêque de Metz (à l'âge de 14 ans!) puis
cardinal diacre par le pape Clémet VIII.
Dictionnaires
et encyclopédies
Œuvres:
Le
livret de saint Pierre de Luxembourg
Généralités
Bacourt, Étienne Fourier
de, Vie du Bienheureux Pierre de Luxembourg, étudiant de l'Université de
Paris, évêque de Metz et cardinal, 1369-1387, avec portrait, lettres et pièces
justificatives, Paris, Berche et Tralin, 1882, 352 p. + [1] pl.
Canron,
Augustin, Le Bienheureux Pierre de Luxembourg, sa vie, ses œuvres, ses
miracles et son culte. Deuxième édition, revue, corrigée et considérablement
augmentée, Avignon, Bonnet fils, 1866, xii + 204 p. [Gallica]
Wahlund,
Carl, « Hel. Peter af Luxemburg (1369-1387), honom ägnade biografier, honom
tillskrifven uppbyggelsebok », Studier i modern språkvetenskap, 4, 1908,
p. 1-44. [GB] [HT] [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2]
SOURCE : https://www.arlima.net/mp/pierre_de_luxembourg.html
_PK-2007-P-1637.jpg)
Frans
Van Den Wijngaerde (1614-1679), Portraits of cardinals: Pierre de Luxembourg,
bishop of Metz (1369-1387), Universitaire Bibliotheken Leiden - https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/item/1631115
Also
known as
Peter of Metz
4 July on
some calendars
5 July on
some calendars
Profile
Son of Guy of Luxembourg, count of
Ligny, Belgium. Orphaned at
age four. Raised in Paris, France. Canon at
Notre Dame, Chartres,
and Cambrai. Arch-deacon of
Dreux, France.
Held for a while in his early teens by the English as
hostage for the return of his brother. Bishop of Metz, France in 1384 at
age fourteen. Created cardinal of
San Georgio, Velabro in 1386 at
age sixteen by decree of anti-pope Clement
VII, he used armed troops to
take possession of his see,
fighting against the forces of Pope Urban
VI.
A noted reformer of
his diocese,
known for his personal austerity and penance, his prayer life,
and genuine piety. He was driven from Metz and
joined Clement in Avignon where
he died,
still in his teens. Thrown into the politics of the state and of the Church during
a period of schism;
Peter was wholly unequipped for it, being a child,
and a simple one at that. He chose the wrong side in the dispute over the papacy,
but was immediately recognized for his personal holiness.
Born
1387 at
the Carthusian monastery,
Villeneuve, France of
a fever
1527 by Pope Clement
VII
–
in France
presenting a donor to
the Virgin
Martyr
before the crucifix
young cardinal with
a shield bearing
a rampant lion nearby
Additional
Information
Book of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
Short
Lives of the Saints, by Eleanor Cecilia Donnelly
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
Saints
and Their Attributes, by Helen Roeder
other
sites in english
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
sites
en français
fonti
in italiano
MLA
Citation
“Blessed Peter of
Luxembourg“. CatholicSaints.Info. 27 January 2024. Web. 22 October 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-peter-of-luxembourg/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-peter-of-luxembourg/
Mausolée
de Pierre de Luxembourg, ex-voto, XVIIe siècle, musée Calvet
Book of Saints – Peter
of Metz
Article
(Saint) Bishop (July 5)
(14th
century) A nobleman of Luxembourg, for some time a prisoner or
hostage in England.
He afterwards embraced the Ecclesiastical state and became Archbishop of Metz
and Cardinal. He illustrated these high dignities by his holy and humble manner
of life. He died A.D. 1387,
and was canonised A.D. 1527.
MLA
Citation
Monks of Ramsgate. “Peter
of Metz”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info.
7 July 2016. Web. 24 October 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-peter-of-metz/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-peter-of-metz/
St. Peter of Luxembourg
Feastday: July 4
Birth: 1369
Death: 1387
Cardinal and bishop.
Peter was the son of Guy of Luxembourg, count of Ligny, in Lorraine, but was
orphaned at the age of four. Taken to Paris, he became a canon at
Notre Dame, Chartres, and Cambrai and was appointed arch.. deacon of Dreux. For
a time he
was held by the English as a hostage at Calais for his brother, and then, in
1384, he was named bishop of Metz at
the age of fourteen. Two years later, he became a cardinal by decree of
the antipope Clement
VII. Owing to the political strife which attended the schism, Peter needed
armed troops to take possession of his see against the followers of Pope Urban
VI. Despite the reforms he introduced to the diocese, he was driven from Metz and
joined Clement at Avignon. He died at the age of eighteen at the Carthusian
monastery at Villeneuve, France. Peter was well known for his austerity and
holiness.
SOURCE : https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5384
PETER OF LUXEMBURG, BL.
Cardinal deacon; b.
Ligny-en-Baurrois, Lorraine, July 20, 1369; d. Villeneuve-les-Avignon, July 2,
1387. He was the son of Guy of Luxemburg, count of Ligny. Despite his extreme
youth, Peter was appointed to several ecclesiastical offices and finally, in
1384, was named bishop of Metz and cardinal by the antipope clement vii.
Clement hoped to strengthen the avignon papacy through Peter's well-founded
reputation for extraordinary asceticism and charity and through his family
attachments in Luxemburg. Weary of the controversies accompanying the western
schism, Peter renounced his bishopric in 1386 and, leaving Avignon, retired to
a nearby Carthusian monastery, where he died, at age 18. He was beatified by
the valid Pope clement vii on April 9, 1527; his relics are now in
Saint-Didier, Avignon.
Feast: July 2 (formerly
July 4).
Bibliography: Acta
Sanctorum July 1:428–551. H. François, La Vie du B. Pierre de
Luxembourg (Nancy 1927). J. L. Baudot and L. Chaussin, Vies des
saints et des bienheureux selon l'ordre du calendrier avec l'historique des fêtes (Paris
1935–56) 7: 51–59. A. Butler, The Lives of the Saints (New
York 1956) 3:9–10. J. Cambell, Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche (Freiburg
1957–65) 8:369.
[J. C. Moore]
New Catholic Encyclopedia
SOURCE : https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/peter-luxemburg-bl
Luxembourg, Pierre De
Luxembourg, Pierre de a
French prelate, was born at the castle of Ligny-sur-Ornain, July 20, 1369. He
began to study theology at Paris in 1377. While still a child, he was made
canon of Paris in 1379, and of Cambray in 1382. At the age.of fourteen he was
provided with the bishopric of Metz by Clement VII. At sixteen the same pontiff
appointed him cardinal. deacon at Avignon. He died July 2, 1387, and was buried
at the cemetery of St. Michael, at Avignon. There are a few books which have
been erroneously attributed to him, for which see Hoefer, Nouv. Biog.
Generale, s.v.
SOURCE : https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/L/luxembourg-pierre-de.html
Tunique,
galero et étole de Pierre de Luxembourg, conservés dans la basilique Saint Pierre
d'Avignon.
July 5
St. Peter of Luxemburgh, Cardinal, Bishop of Metz, Confessor
From his life, written by John de la Marche, his professor in laws, the year after his death, with the notes of Pinius the Bollandist, Julij, t. 1, p. 486. See also the bull of his beatification in Miræus, and a history of a great number of miracles wrought by his intercession and relics in Pinius, ib. His life is compiled by a Celestine monk from original authentic MSS. kept in the houses of the Celestines at Avignon, Paris, Nantes, &c. printed at Paris in 1681
A.D. 1387
THE MOST illustrious houses of the Dukes and Counts of Luxemburg and St. Pol, not only have held for several centuries the first rank among the nobility of the Low Countries, but vie with most royal families in Europe; the former having given five emperors to the Germans, several kings to Hungary and Bohemia, a queen to France, and innumerable renowned heroes, whose great actions are famous in the histories of Europe and the East. But none of their exploits have reflected so great a lustre on these families as the humility of our St. Peter. He was son to Guy of Luxemburgh, Count of Ligny, and to Maud, countess of St. Pol; and was born at Ligny, a small town in Lorrain, in the Diocess of Toul, in 1369. He was nearly related to the Emperor Wenceslas, Sigismund, king of Hungary, and Charles VI. king of France. He lost his pious father at three years of age, and his most virtuous mother a year after; but his devout aunt, the Countess of Orgieres and Countess Dowager of St. Pol, 1 took care of his education, and made a prudent choice of most virtuous persons whom she placed about him. By the excellent example and precepts of his masters, and the strong impressions of an early grace, he seemed formed by nature to perfect virtue. In his tender age the least sallies of the passions seemed rather prevented than subdued; and his ardour in the pursuit of virtue so far surpassed the ordinary capacity of children of his tender age, that it was a matter of astonishment to all who knew him. His assiduity and fervour in prayer, his secret self-denials, great abstemiousness, and, above all, his love of humility in an age when others are usually governed only by the senses, seemed a miracle of divine grace. He made a private vow of perpetual chastity before he was seven years of age, and he contrived by a hundred little artifices that no poor person should ever be dismissed wherever he was without an alms. At ten years of age he was sent to Paris, where he studied Latin, philosophy, and the canon law. In the mean time his eldest brother Valeran, Count of St. Pol, was taken prisoner by the English in a battle in which they defeated the French and Flemings in Flanders. Upon the news that his brother was made prisoner and sent to Calais, Peter, in 1381, interrupted his studies, went over to London, and delivered himself up a hostage for his brother till his ransom should be paid. The English were charmed with his extraordinary virtue, and after he had stayed a year in London, generously gave him his liberty, saying his word was a sufficient pledge and security for the ransom stipulated. King Richard II. invited him to his court; but Peter excused himself, and hastened back to Paris to his studies. His watchings and fasts were very austere, and he made no visits but such as were indispensable, or to persons of extraordinary virtue, from whose conversation and example he might draw great spiritual advantage for the benefit of his own soul. With this view he often resorted to Philip of Maisiers, a person eminently endowed with the double spirit of penance and prayer, who having been formerly chancellor of the kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus, led for twenty-five years a retired life in the convent of the Celestines in Paris, without taking any vows, or professing that Order. From this devout servant of God our saint received important instructions and advice, which gave him great light in the exercises of prayer, and in the paths of interior spiritual perfection.
In 1383 his brother, the Count of St. Pol, obtained for him a canonry in our Lady’s at Paris; which ecclesiastical preferment was to him a new motive to increase his fervour in the divine service. His devotion and assiduity in choir, his charity towards all, his innocence, his perfect spirit of mortification, and his meekness, edified exceedingly the whole city; and the modesty with which he endeavoured to conceal his virtues was like a fine transparent veil through which they shone with redoubled lustre. His humility was most conspicuous, of which the following instance, among others, is recorded: When a young clerk refused to carry the cross at a solemn procession, the new canon took it up and carried it with so much devotion, that the whole city was struck with admiration to see him. Peter strove only to advance in humility and Christian perfection: this was the sole point which he had in view in all his actions and undertakings; and he was very far from aspiring to the least ecclesiastical dignity. But the reputation of his extraordinary sanctity reaching Avignon, Clement VII. who, in the great schism, was acknowledged by France for true pope, nominated him archdeacon of Dreux, in the diocess of Chartres, and soon after, in 1384, bishop of Metz, his great sanctity and prudence seeming to many a sufficient reason for dispensing with his want of age. But Peter’s reluctance and remonstrances could only be overcome by a scruple which was much exaggerated to him, that by too obstinate a disobedience he would offend God. He made his public entry at Metz barefoot, and riding on an ass, to imitate the humility of our divine Redeemer. He would suffer no other magnificence on that occasion than the distribution of great alms and largesses among the poor; nor would he admit any attendants but what might inspire modesty and piety.
He had no sooner taken possession of his church than with the suffragan, Bertrand, a Dominican, who was given him for his assistant, and consecrated bishop of Thessaly, he performed the visitation of his diocess, in which he every where corrected abuses, and gave astonishing proofs of his zeal, activity, and prudence. He divided his revenues into three parts, allotting one to his church, a second to the poor, and reserving a third for himself and family, though the greater share of this he added to the portion of the poor. On fast-days commanded by the church he took no other sustenance than bread and water; and he fasted in the same austere manner all Advent, and all Mondays, Fridays, and Saturdays throughout the year. When several towns had revolted from him and created for themselves new magistrates, his brother, the Count of St. Pol, reduced them to their duty by force of arms. The holy bishop was exceedingly mortified at this accident, and out of his own patrimony made amends to every one even among the rebels for all losses they had sustained, which unparalleled charity gained him all their hearts. Though he was judged, by those who were best acquainted with his interior, during his whole life never to have stained his baptismal innocence by any mortal sin, he had so high an idea of the purity in which a soul ought always to appear in the divine presence, especially when she approaches the holy mysteries, that he went every day to confession with extraordinary compunction, and bewailed the least imperfections with many tears. The very shadow of the least sloth or failing in any action affrighted him. In the year 1384, Clement VII. soon after he had nominated him bishop, created him cardinal, under the title of St. George, and in 1386 called him to Avignon, and obliged him to reside there near his person. Peter continued all his former austerities in the midst of a court, till Clement commanded him to mitigate them for the sake of his health, which seemed to be in a declining condition. His answer was: “Holy Father, I shall always be an unprofitable servant, but I can at least obey.” He desired to compensate for what he lost in the practices of penance by redoubling his alms-deeds. By his excessive charities his purse was always empty; his table was most frugal, his family very small, his furniture mean, and his clothes poor, and these he never changed till they were worn out. It seemed that he could not increase his alms, yet he found means to do it by distributing his little furniture and his equipage among the indigent, and selling for them the episcopal ring which he wore on his finger. Everything about him breathed an extraordinary spirit of poverty, and published his affection for the poor. At his death his whole treasure amounted only to twenty pence. In all his actions he seemed attentive only to God; and he fell into raptures sometimes in the street, or whilst he waited on the pope at court. An ancient picture of the saint is kept in the collegiate church of our Lady at Autun, in which he is painted in an ecstacy, and in which are written these words which he was accustomed frequently to repeat: “Contempt of the world, contempt of thyself: rejoice in thy own contempt, but despise no other person.”
Ten months after his promotion to the dignity of cardinal, the saint was seized with a sharp fever, which so much undermined his constitution that his imperfect recovery was succeeded by a dangerous slow fever. For his health he was advised to retire to Villeneuve, an agreeable town situate opposite to Avignon, on the other side of the Rhone. He was glad by this opportunity to see himself removed from the noise and hurry of the court. During his last illness he went to confession twice every day, never passed a day without receiving the holy communion; and the constant union of his soul with God, and the tenderness of his devotion seemed continually to increase as he drew near his end. His brother Andrew coming to see him, the saint spoke to him with such energy on the vanity of the world, and on the advantages of piety, that his words left a deep impression on his heart during his whole life. This brother afterwards taking holy orders was made bishop of Cambray, and became one of the most holy prelates of that age. Our saint recommended to him in particular his sister Jane of Luxemburg, whom he had induced to make a vow of perpetual chastity, and whose whole life was a perfect pattern of Christian perfection. St. Peter sent her by this brother a small treatise containing certain rules of perfection, which he had drawn up for her. Finding his strength quite exhausted, he desired and received the last sacraments; after which he called all his servants, and as they stood weeping round his bed, he begged their pardon for not having edified them by his example as he ought to have done. He then conjured them all to promise to do for his sake one thing which he was going to ask of them. To this they most readily engaged themselves. But they were much surprised when he ordered them to take a discipline which lay under his pillow, and every one to give him many stripes on his back, in punishment for the faults he had committed in regard to them, who were, as he said, his brethren in Christ and his masters. Notwithstanding their extreme unwillingness, they were obliged to comply with his request in order to satisfy him. After this act of penance and humiliation, he conversed with God in silent prayer till he gave up his innocent soul into his hands, on the 2nd of July, 1387, being eighteen years old, wanting eighteen days. Though he had the administration of a diocess, he had not received priestly orders, but seems to have been deacon, and his dalmatic is shown at Avignon. He was buried without pomp, according to his orders, in the church-yard of St. Michael.
On account of many miracles that were wrought both before and after his interment, the citizens of Avignon built a rich chapel over his grave. The convent and church of the Celestines have been since built over that very spot, and in this church is the saint’s body, at present enshrined under a stately mausoleum. The history of the miracles which have been wrought at his tomb fills whole volumes. A famous one in 1432, moved the city of Avignon to choose him for its patron. It is related as follows: A child about twelve years old fell from a high tower in the palace of Avignon upon a sharp rock, by which fall his skull was split, his brains dashed out, and his body terribly bruised. The father of the child, almost distracted at this accident, ran to the place, and falling on his knees, with many tears implored the intercession of St. Peter. Then gathering up the scattered bloody pieces of the child’s skull, he carried them with the body in a sack, and laid them on the saint’s tomb. The people and the Celestine monks joined their earnest prayers: and after some time the child returned to life, and was placed upon the altar that all might see him thus wonderfully raised from the dead. This miracle happened on the 5th of July, on which day the festival of the saint has ever since been celebrated at Avignon. After juridical informations on his life and miracles, the bull of his beatification was published by the true pope Clement VII., of the family of Medicis, in 1527.
St. Peter was a saint
from the cradle, because he always strove to live only for God, and his divine
honour. If one spark of that ardent love of God which inflamed the saints in
their actions animated our breasts, it would give wings to our souls in all we
do. We should devote ourselves every moment to God with our whole strength; and
by our fidelity, and by the purity and fervour of our intention, we should with
the saints make all our actions perfect sacrifices of our hearts to him. “God
considers not how much, but with how ardent an affection the thing is given,”
says St. Cyprian. 2 And,
as St. Ambrose writes, 3 “Thy
affection stamps the name and value on thy action. It is just rated at so much
as is the ardour from which it proceeds. See how just is this judge—He asks thy
own soul what value he is to set on thy work.”
Note 1. She was
widow of Guy of Chatillon, count of St. Pol, brother to Maud. [back]
Note 2. St. Cypr. l.
de Oper. et Eleem. [back]
Note 3. L. 1, de
Offic. c. 30. [back]
Rev. Alban
Butler (1711–73). Volume VII: July. The Lives of the
Saints. 1866
SOURCE : http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/051.html
Miniature
Lives of the Saints – Saint Peter of Luxemburg
Article
Peter of Luxemburg,
descended both by his father and mother from the noblest families in Europe,
was born in Lorraine in the year 1369. When but a schoolboy, twelve years of
age, he came over to London as a hostage for his brother, the Count of San Pol,
who had been taken prisoner. The English were so won by Peter’s holy example
that they released him at the end of the year, taking his word for the ransom.
Richard II now invited him to remain at the English court, but Peter returned
to Paris, determined to have no master but Christ. At the early age of fifteen
he was appointed, on account of his prudence and sanctity, Bishop of Metz, and
made his public entry into his see barefoot and riding an ass. He governed his
diocese with all the zeal and prudence of maturity, and divided his revenues
into three parts: for the Church, the poor, and his household. His charities
often left him personally destitute, and he had but twenty pence left when he
died. Created Cardinal of San George, his austerities in the midst of a court
were so severe that he was ordered to moderate them. Peter replied, “I shall
always be an unprofitable servant, but I can at least obey.” Ten months after
his promotion he fell sick of a fever, and lingered for some time in a sinking
condition, his holiness increasing as he drew near his end. He died A.D. 1387,
aged eighteen years.
Saint Peter teaches us
how by self-denial, rank, riches, the highest dignities, and all this world can
give, may serve to make a Saint.
“Contempt of the world!
contempt of thyself! Rejoice in thy own contempt, but despise no other
person.” — words of Saint Bernard inscribed on Saint Peter’s portrait at
Autun
Saint Peter, it was
believed, never stained his soul by mortal sin; yet, as he grew in grace, his
holy hatred of self became more and more intense. At length, when he had
received the last Sacraments, he forced his attendants each in turn to scourge
him for his faults, and then lay silent till he died. But God was pleased to
glorify His servant. Among other miracles is the following. On 5 July 1432 a
child about twelve years old was killed by falling from a high tower in the
palace of Avignon upon a sharp rock. The father, distracted with grief, picked
up the scattered pieces of the skull and brains, and carried them in a sack
with the mutilated body of his son to Saint Peter’s shrine, and with many tears
besought the Saint’s intercession. After a while the child returned to life,
and was placed upon the altar for all to witness. In honour of this miracle,
the city of Avignon chose Saint Peter as its patron Saint.
“If any man will come
after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me.” –
Matthew 16:14
MLA
Citation
Henry Sebastian Bowden.
“Saint Peter of Luxemburg”. Miniature Lives of the
Saints for Every Day of the Year, 1877. CatholicSaints.Info.
24 February 2015. Web. 24 October 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/miniature-lives-of-the-saints-saint-peter-of-luxemburg/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/miniature-lives-of-the-saints-saint-peter-of-luxemburg/
Chapelle
Saint Pierre de Luxembourg, Église
Saint-Symphorien-les-Carmes
Pictorial
Lives of the Saints – Saint Peter of Luxemburg
Article
Peter of Luxemburg,
descended both by his father and mother from the noblest families in Europe,
was born in Lorraine, in the year 1369. When but a schoolboy, twelve years of
age, he went to London as a hostage for his brother, the Count of Saint Pol, who
had been taken prisoner. The English were so won by Peter’s holy example that
they released him at the end of the year, taking his word for the ransom.
Richard II now invited him to remain at the English court; but Peter returned
to Paris, determined to have no master but Christ. At the early age of fifteen,
he was appointed, on account of his prudence and sanctity, Bishop of Metz, and
made his public entry into his see barefoot and riding an ass. He governed his
diocese with all the zeal and prudence of maturity, and divided his revenues in
three parts for the Church, the poor, and his household. His charities often
led him personally destitute, and he had but twenty pence left when he died.
Created Cardinal of Saint George, his austerities in the midst of a court were
so severe that he was ordered to moderate them. Peter replied, “I shall always
be an unprofitable servant, but I can at least obey.” Ten months after his
promotion, he fell sick of a fever, and lingered for some time in a sinking
condition, his holiness increasing as he drew near his end. Saint Peter, it was
believed, never stained his soul by mortal sin; yet, as he grew in grace, his
holy hatred of self became more and more intense. At length, when he had
received the last Sacraments, he forced his attendants each in turn to scourge
him for his faults, and then lay silent till he died. But God was pleased to
glorify His servant. Among other miracles is the following: On July 5th, 1432,
a child about twelve years old was killed by falling from a high tower, in the
palace of Avignon, upon a sharp rock. The father, distracted with grief, picked
up the scattered pieces of the skull and brains, and carried them in a sack,
with the mutilated body of his son, to Saint Peter’s shrine, and with many tears
besought the Saint’s intercession. After a while, the child returned to life,
and was placed upon the altar for all to witness. In honor of this miracle, the
city of Avignon chose Saint Peter as its patron Saint. He died A.D. 1387, aged
eighteen years.
Reflection – Saint
Peter teaches us how, by self-denial, rank, riches, the highest dignities, and
all this world can give, may serve to make a Saint.
MLA
Citation
John Dawson Gilmary Shea.
“Saint Peter of Luxemburg”. Pictorial Lives of the
Saints, 1922. CatholicSaints.Info.
11 December 2018. Web. 24 October 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/pictorial-lives-of-the-saints-saint-peter-of-luxemburg/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/pictorial-lives-of-the-saints-saint-peter-of-luxemburg/
Short
Lives of the Saints – Saint Peter of Luxembourg, Bishop
Entry
Saint Peter was the
boy-bishop of Metz, having been appointed to that office in 1384 by Pope
Clement VII, when he was not yet fifteen years of age. His mind and character,
however, were maturely developed, and he had been carefully trained to virtue
from his infancy. His brother being a prisoner of war at the court of England,
the young prelate was sent there as a hostage; but afterwards entering on his
episcopal duties at Metz, he, in imitation of our Divine Lord, made his entry
into his diocese, barefoot, and mounted on an ass. He was, thenceforth, a model
to his people of humility, meekness, and merciful charity to sinners and the
poor. The Pope created him cardinal at the age of seventeen; but Saint Peter
died when he was only eighteen, without having been consecrated.
As a cherished flower
grows more fair,
And blooms each season with a sweeter breath.
– William Seton
Favorite Practice – To
remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth.
MLA
Citation
Eleanor Cecilia Donnelly.
“Saint Peter of Luxembourg, Bishop”. Short
Lives of the Saints, 1910. CatholicSaints.Info.
17 April 2021. Web. 24 October 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/short-lives-of-the-saints-saint-peter-of-luxembourg-bishop/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/short-lives-of-the-saints-saint-peter-of-luxembourg-bishop/
The Cardinals of the Holy
Roman Church
Biographical Dictionary
[Antipope] Clement VII (1378-1394)
Consistory of April 15, 1384 (IV)
Celebrated in Avignon
(1) 1. LUXEMBOURG, Pierre de (1369-1387)
Birth.
July 20, 1369, Ligny-en-Barrois, Meuse, France. Second of the six children of
Guy de Luxembourg, count of Ligny and Saint-Pol, and Mahaut de Châtillon. Uncle
of Cardinal Louis de Luxembourg (1439).
Grand-uncle of Quasi-Cardinal Thibaud de Luxembourg,
O.Cist. (1474). Great-grand-uncle of Cardinal Philippe de
Luxembourg (1495).
Education. Studied in
Paris.
Early life. Canon of the
cathedral chapter of Paris in 1379, when he was ten years old. Cleric of the
diocese of Chartres; canon of its cathedral chapter in 1381. Archdeacon of
Cambrai in 1382. Archdeacon of Dreux, Chartres.
Episcopate. Elected
bishop of Metz, February 10, 1384; he was fifteen years old. At the instances
of the king of France and the duke of Berry, he was promoted to the cardinalate
by Antipope Clement VII.
Cardinalate. Created
pseudocardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro in the consistory of April 15,
1384; he retained the administration of his see; he could never take possession
nor receive its revenues. He entered Avignon on June 4, 1386. He worked
ceaselessly for the end of the schism.
Death. July 2, 1387, of
languor (caused by the austerity of his life), Villeneuve-lès-Avignon. Buried,
at his request, in the common cemetery of paupers in that location; miracles
started happening in his tomb shortly after his death; his brother Jean ordered
on March 16, 1395, the construction of a church dedicated to Pope St. Celestine
V, where the body of Pseudocardinal Pierre was to be deposited; a convent of
Celestin monks was built next to the church; the remains of Antipope Clement
VII were transferred from the cathedral of Avignon to this church in 1401.
Beatification. Beatified
by Pope Clement VII on March 24 (or April 9), 1527; the beatification had been
requested by Queen Maria of Naples on February 1, 1388; Philippe le Bon,
duke of Bourgogne; the fathers of the Council of Basle; the emperor; the king
of France; and other princes. In 1629, Pope Urban VIII granted to the
Carthusians the celebration of a Mass and the recitation of the divine office
in memory of the blessed and fixed his feast on July 5.
Bibliography. Cardella,
Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome :
Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, III, ; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ
Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque
ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II,
col. 684-686; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du
Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931.
Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 151; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik,
Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431).
Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua :
Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 50 and 338.
Webgraphy. His engraving
and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de
naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François
Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, pp. 700-704, Gallica; his genealogy,
A2 E2, euweb.cz; his portrait,
Web Gallery of Art; same
portrait, toward 1470, Ecole française, musée du Petit Palais, Avignon,
France; his
image, miniature of the 15th century, Ministère de la Culture; another
miniature, ca.1510, Ministère de la Culture; his statue, 19th
century, Tréveray, département de la Meuse, région Lorraine, France.
SOURCE : https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1384a.htm#Luxembourg
Nicolas Mignard (1606–1668), Le
Vice-légat Frédéric Sforza place la ville d'Avignon sous la protection de saint
Pierre de Luxembourg, 1641, 260 x 184, Calvet
Museum, Avignon. Collection
de la ville d'Avignon, entrée au musée en 1839.
Beato Pietro di
Lussemburgo Vescovo
Festa: 2 luglio
Ligny-en-Barrois,
Francia, 20 luglio 1369 - Villeneuve-les-Avignon, Francia, 2 luglio 1387
Nacque il 20 luglio 1359
a Ligny-en-Barrois, vicino Nancy, sesto figlio di Guido di Lussemburgo e di
Mahaut di Châtillon. Rimasto orfano di entrambi i genitori, venne educato dalla
zia Giovanna di Châtillon, a Saint-Pol. Nel 1377 divenne allievo del Collegio
di Navarra a Parigi, dove conobbe il teologo Pietro d’Ailly. Nel 1378 venne
nominato canonico di Parigi dall’antipapa Clemente VII; aveva appena otto anni.
Lo stesso Clemente VII lo nominò, nel 1382, canonico di Cambrai e arcidiacono
di Dreux e di Bruxelles. Il 10 febbraio 1384 gli diede la nomina a vescovo di
Metz e il successivo 15 aprile lo creò cardinale. Pietro prese possesso della
sede vescovile, ma nel 1385 rinunciò alla carica, a causa dei contrasti tra
l’antipapa e il papa legittimamente eletto, Urbano VI. Il 23 settembre 1386 fu
chiamato alla corte dell’antipapa ad Avignone, dove visse in modo austero e
penitente. A causa di una grave malattia, si trasferì a Villeneuve-les-Avignon,
dove morì il 2 luglio 1387; aveva diciott’anni. È stato beatificato il 9 aprile
1527.
Martirologio Romano: A
Villeneuve presso Avignone in Francia, transito del beato Pietro di
Lussemburgo, vescovo di Metz, sempre dedito alle penitenze e alla preghiera
Pietro era il sesto figlio di Guido di Lussemburgo, conte di Ligny, e di Mahaut di Châtillon. Nacque il 20 luglio 1359 a Ligny-en-Barrois, vicino Nancy, nella regione francese della Lorena.
A due anni rimase orfano di padre; due anni dopo, perse anche la madre. Per questa ragione venne educato dalla zia Giovanna di Châtillon, a Saint-Pol. Nel 1377 si trasferì a Parigi, dove divenne allievo e amico del teologo Pietro d’Ailly, suo insegnante al Collegio di Navarra.
A soli nove anni, nel 1378, venne nominato canonico di Parigi dall’antipapa Clemente VII, ovvero il cardinale Roberto di Ginevra, che fu eletto papa dal 1378 al 1394, dai cardinali francesi riuniti a Fondi. Con quell’atto iniziò lo Scisma d’Occidente, in contrapposizione al papa legittimamente eletto, Urbano VI, che aveva definitivamente spostato la sede pontificia da Avignone a Roma.
Lo stesso Clemente VII nominò Pietro, nel 1382, canonico di Cambrai e arcidiacono di Dreux e di Bruxelles. Il 10 febbraio 1384 gli diede la nomina a vescovo di Metz, e il successivo 15 aprile lo creò cardinale.
Tuttavia, nella lotta fra il papa Urbano VI e l’antipapa Clemente VII, la città di Metz era una sede contesa da ambo le parti. Il re Venceslao IV di Boemia, che appoggiava il papa legittimo, aveva nominato vescovo Thilmann Vuss.
Pietro, aiutato dall’intervento dei soldati del proprio fratello Valeriano, prese possesso della sede episcopale, ma nel settembre del 1384 si dovette allontanare per andare a Ligny, ad assistere il fratello Roberto morente. Il nemico ne approfittò, avanzando fino a Metz.
Di nuovo fu necessario l’intervento del fratello Valeriano, ma costui, pur non volendo, produsse devastazioni nel territorio attorno a Metz. A quel punto, Pietro non ritenne più opportuno rimanere come vescovo, rinunciando alla carica nel 1385: si ritirò a Ligny e poi a Parigi.
L’antipapa Clemente VII, il 23 settembre 1386, lo chiamò alla sua corte di Avignone. Qui il giovane nobile non poté sottrarsi alle responsabilità politiche che l’appartenenza alla sua famiglia comportava, nonostante la giovane età.
Pietro, più che nei suoi scritti ascetici, si dimostrò austero nel modo di vivere, anche alla corte papale. In questo periodo avignonese si adoperò con successo per la divulgazione in tutto il mondo della festa della Presentazione di Maria Vergine. Essendosi ammalato, fu impedito nel realizzare il suo progetto di recarsi dai re d’Inghilterra e di Francia, per indurli a stendere un trattato di pace.
A causa della grave malattia che lo colpì, nel marzo del 1387 si trasferì a Villeneuve-les-Avignon, dove morì il 2 luglio 1387, a diciott’anni. Secondo il suo desiderio fu sepolto nel cimitero dei poveri di San Michele ad Avignone.
Subito dopo la sua prematura morte, il popolo lo venerò come santo e taumaturgo, moltiplicando le sue raffigurazioni in miniature, dipinti, affreschi con i segni che lo distinsero: tratti di adolescente, abito vescovile a volte cardinalizio, in atteggiamento di profonda preghiera.
Avignone, nel 1432, lo dichiarò suo patrono, nonostante che il processo di beatificazione fosse stato interrotto per quattro volte: nel 1389, nel 1390, nel 1433 e nel 1435. Il 9 aprile 1527, infine, venne beatificato. Le diocesi di Avignone, Metz, Parigi, Verdun e Lussemburgo lo celebrano il 2 luglio.
L’antipapa Clemente VII, che tanto l’aveva apprezzato e protetto in vita, nel 1395 fondò sulla sua tomba un convento per i Celestini. Quasi tutte le sue reliquie furono disperse durante la rivoluzione francese; quelle rimaste sono venerate nella chiesa di St-Didier ad Avignone.
Autore: Antonio Borrelli
SOURCE : https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90235
Chapelle
Saint Pierre de Luxembourg à Chateauneuf du Pape, Vaucluse, France
Luxembourg Pierre de
Bischof von Metz; Seliger
* 20. Juli 1369 in Ligny-en-Barrois
† 2. Juli 1387 in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
bestattet auf dem
Friedhof Saint-Michel zu Avignon
V.: Guy de Luxembourg,
Comte de Ligny-en-Barrois († 1369); M.: Mahaut de Châtillon († 1373), Comtesse
de Saint-Pol
Vetter des französischen
Königs Charles VI des Wahnsinnigen
bis 1376 Jugendzeit bei
der Tante Jeanne, Comtesse d'Orgières, auf Schloss St. Pol
1376-1377 Aufenthalt bei
seinem Bruder Valéran
1377 Unterricht an die
Domschule von Paris
1378 Verleihung einer
Domherrnstelle in Paris durch Gegenpapst Clemens VII.
1379 Immatrikulation am
Kolleg von Navarra zum Studium der Philosophie; Freundschaft zu Pierre d’Ailly,
den späteren Kardinalpriester von S. Chrisogono
1380 Unterbrechung des
Studiums; neunmonatige Geiselhaft für seinen Bruder Valéran in Calais
1381 Ernennung zum Archidiakon
von Dreux und von Brüssel durch Clemens VII.
1382 Ernennung zum
Domherrn von Cambrai; Fortsetzung des Studium in Paris
10. Februar 1384
Ernennung zum Bischof von Metz durch Clemens VII.
15. April 1384 Erhebung
zum Kardinaldiakon von S. Giorgio al Velabro
Weihe zum Diakon in Paris
zum Diakon
29. Mai 1384 Einzug in
Metz
Visitationsreise durch
das Bistum gemeinsam mit Weihbischof Martin d’Amance
Anfang 1385 Widerstand
der Bürgerschaft die bischöfliche Bestellung der Treize jurés wegen der
fehlenden Bischofsweihe
Militäreinsatz des
Bruders Valéran gegen Metz;: harte Friedensbeingungen
Rückzug nach Ligny;
Einladung von Clemens VII. nach Avignon
Übergabe der
Administration seiner Diözese an Straßburger Bischof Friedrich von Blankenheim
1386 Reise nach Paris
September 1386 Reise an
den päpstlichen Hof nach Avignon; Erhebung zum Kardinal
März 1387 Übersiedlung
nach Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
1389 Eröffnung des
Seligsprechungsprozesses durch Papst Clemens VII. auf Bitten von Kardinal Peter
d’Ailly
Bau eines
Cölestinerkloster beim Grab Pierres
1432 Erwählung zum Patron
der Stadt Avignon
9. April 1527
Seligsprechung
Lit.: Die Bischöfe des Hl. Röm. Reiches 1198-1448, S. 449-450
Con
Abb.: Museum Calvet Avignon
SOURCE : https://web.archive.org/web/20120111065630/http://www.saarland-biografien.de/Luxembourg-Pierre-de
Hanno Wijsman « Les manuscrits de Pierre de Luxembourg (ca 1440-1482) et
les bibliothèques nobiliaires dans les Pays-Bas bourguignons de la deuxième
moitié du XVe siècle », Le Moyen Age 3/2007 (Tome CXIII), p. 613-637.
URL : www.cairn.info/revue-le-moyen-age-2007-3-page-613.htm
Généalogie
de Pierre de Luxembourg [archive], Geneanet : https://gw.geneanet.org/pierfit?lang=fr&n=de+luxembourg&oc=0&p=pierre
