Blessing of Friulli-slavic Army by Aquilean Patriarch
Paulinus II before the War aganst the Avars. Photo from the Cathedral of
Aquilea.
Saint
Paulin d'Aquilée
Patriarche d'Aquilée (✝ 804)
On ignore s'il était d'origine allemande ou italienne.
Il passa pour être l'un des hommes les plus savants de son époque, écrivant
aussi bien en prose qu'en vers. Alcuin le
considérait comme son maître et l'empereur Charlemagne l'appela à sa cour pour
en faire l'un de ses conseillers en matière religieuse. C'est lui qui le fit
nommer évêque d'Aquilée, dans le Frioul italien. Selon ses contemporains, il
fut "la lumière de la chrétienté" sans pour autant négliger le soin
de son propre diocèse. Il fut l'un des grands défenseurs du
"Filioque" ajouté dans le texte latin du Concile de Nicée. Il
évangélisa les Avars et les Slovènes.
À Frioul aux confins de la Vénétie, en 802, saint
Paulin, évêque d’Aquilée, qui entreprit de convertir à la foi les Avares et les
Slovènes et adressa à Charlemagne un poème remarquable sur la règle de la foi.
Le Verbe très saint du Père, tout-puissant et
absolument parfait, se répand en toutes choses. Il déploie partout sa
puissance. Il éclaire toutes choses, visibles et invisibles. Il les contient en
lui et les rassemble en lui. Il n’en laisse aucune en dehors de sa puissance,
mais il donne vie et protection à toutes choses, en tout lieu, à chacune en
particulier et à toutes ensemble.
Saint Athanase, dans le Livre des heures de ce
jour
Erwähnung Frankfurts im Libellus sacrosyllabus des
Paulinus von Aquileia aus dem Jahr 794. Die ersten zwei Drittel des in Latein
verfassten Textes sind mit der Feder in der Schriftart Halbunziale geschrieben,
das mit der Initiale beginnende untere Drittel in der Karolingischen
Minuskel. Die Marginalie in der linken Spalte ist frühneuzeitlich, bei ihr
beginnt fol. 42v. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, clm 14468, fol. 42-42v,
821 in Regensburg geschrieben und bis zur Säkularisation in St. Emmeram
Saint Paulin d’Aquilée
Patriarche d’Aquilée (+ 804)
Peut-être originaire d’Alsace,
ce professeur avait tant de renommée que Charlemagne ne prenait jamais une
décision sans le consulter. En 776, l’Empereur lui fit don d’une terre en
Lombardie. Losque le diocèse d’Aquilée se trouva sans évêque, il fut préssenti
mais refusa longuement avant d’accepter. Il fut missionnaire auprès des peuples
encore païens et prit part aux Conciles d’Aix-la-Chapelle (789), de Rastibonne
(792) et de Francfort (794). Il fut canoniser à la vue des miracles qui eurent
de son vivant et après sa mort.
Saint Paulin d'Aquilée
Patriarche d'Aquilée (+ 804)
On ignore si Paulin est d'origine allemande ou italienne.
Il passe pour être l'un des hommes les plus savants de son époque, écrivant
aussi bien en prose qu'en vers. L'empereur Charlemagne l'appelle à la cour pour
en faire l'un de ses conseillers en matière religieuse. C'est lui qui le fait
nommer évêque d'Aquilée, dans le Frioul italien. Le savant Alcuin le considére
comme son maître. Il fut l'un des grands défenseurs du "Filioque"
ajouté dans le texte latin du Concile de Nicée.
Saint Paulin d'Aquilée (né avant 750 - mort en 802)
En latin Paulinus Aquileiensis, évêque, théologien et poète
italien du VIIIe siècle. C'est un saint de l'Église catholique, qui fut évêque
d'Aquilée. Paulin d'Aquilée fut l'un des éléments moteurs de la Renaissance
carolingienne. Il est sans doute d'origine italienne, peut-être lombarde. On ne
sait rien de sa jeunesse et de ses années de formation, mais son oeuvre montre
qu'il a reçu une solide éducation classique et chrétienne. Son nom apparaît en
776 dans un acte de transfert de bien-fonds en sa faveur par Charlemagne et où
il est indiqué comme maître de grammaire ("grammaticae magister"). Il
fait partie aux côtés d'Alcuin du cercle de savants de la cour franque, où il
porte le surnom de "Thimotée". En 787 Charlemagne le fait nommer
évêque d'Aquilée, dans le Frioul italien. Il s'engage dans la réforme de
l'église et la lutte contre l'hérésie adoptianiste qui tend à voir en Jésus
Christ le fils adoptif de Dieu. Ses écrits polémiques en font un champion de
l'orthodoxie. Son activité de patriarche est fondamentale dans la région du
Frioul durant les années difficiles du passage de la domination lombarde à
celle carolingienne. Il prend part aux conciles d'Aix-la-Chapelle (789), de
Ratisbonne (792) et de Francfort (794). Il est l'auteur de traités
théologiques, d'un livre d'exhortations destinés aux princes et de poèmes. Il
meurt à Cividale en 802.
St. Paulinus II,
Patriarch of Aquileia
Born at Premariacco,
near Cividale, Italy, about 730-40; died 802. Born
probably of a Roman family during Longobardic rule
in Italy, he was brought up in
the patriarchal schools at Cividale. After ordination he became master
of the school. He acquired a
thorough Latin culture, pagan and Christian. He had also a
deep knowledge of jurisprudence, and
extensive Scriptural, theological, and patristic training.
This learning won him the favour of Charlemagne. After the destruction of
the Kingdom of the Longobards in
774, Charles invited Paulinus to France in 776, to be
royal master of grammar". He assisted in restoring civilization in
the West. In 777 Paulinus made his first acquaintance with
Petrus of Pisa, Alcuin, Arno, Albrico, Bona, Riculph, Raefgot, Rado,
Lullus, Bassinus, Fuldrad, Eginard, Adalard, and Adelbert, the
leading men of that age. His devotion to Charlemagne was rewarded by
many favours, among them the gift of the property of Waldand, son of
Mimo of Lavariano, with a diploma dated from Ivrea, and his appointment
by Charles as Patriarch of Aquileia in
787. Paulinus took a prominent part in the important matters of his
day. In his relations with the churches of Istria, or with
the Patriarch of Grado, the representative
of Byzantine interests, he showed the greatest prudence and pastoral zeal. Paulinus obtained
diplomas for the free election of the future patriarchs, and
other privileges for the Church of Aquileia, viz. the monastery of St.
Mary in Organo, the church of St. Laurence of Buia,
the hospitals of St. John at
Cividale and St. Mary at Verona. He helped in preparing the
new Christian legislation, and amongst the "Italic Capitularia"
we find some canons of his synods. In 792 he was present at
the Council of Ratisbon, which condemned the heresy of Adoptionism taught by Eliphand
and Felix, Bishop of Urgel. In 794 he took a leading part in
the national Synod of Frankfort-on-the-Main, where Adoptionism was again
condemned, and wrote a book against it which was sent to Spain in the name of
the council. Leaving Frankfort Paulinus paid a visit to
Cividale and accompanied Pepin against the Avars.
At Salzburg he presided over a synod of bishops, in which were
discussed the evangelization of the barbarians, and baptism, as we learn from
letters of Charles, Alcuin, Arno, and Paulinus.
Returning from the expedition the patriarch once more opposed the Adoptionists at
the Synod of Cividale in 796. Paulinus expounded the Catholic doctrine about the Blessed Trinity, especially about
the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and
the Son. At this synod fourteen "canons" on ecclesiastical discipline, and on
the sacrament of marriage, were framed and a copy of
the Acts was sent to the emperor. Paulinus is said to have
assisted at the Council of Altinum,
but Hefele has proved that a council was
never held there. In 798 he was "Missus Dominicus" of Charlemagne at Pistoia,
with Arno and ten other bishops; and afterwards he went to Rome as imperial legate to the Pope. The activity
of Paulinus as metropolitan is clear from the "Sponsio Episcoporum ad
S. Aquileiensem Sedem . Among his works are: Libellus Sacrosyllabus
contra Elipandum ; Libri III contra Felicem ;
the protocol of the conference with Pepin and the bishops on the Danube, a
work very important for the history of that
expedition. Paulinus was also a poet, and we till possess some of his
poetical productions: "Carmen de regula fidei ; the rhythmus or elegy
for the death of his friend, Duke Heric, killed in battle, 799;
another rhythm on the destruction of Aquileia; eight rhythms or hymns to be sung in his
own church for Christmas, the Purification, Lent, Easter, St. Mark,
Sts. Peter and Paul, the dedication, and "Versus de
Lazaro". He died revered as a saint. In manuscripts prior to
the Martyrology of Usuard his feast is recorded on 11 Jan. In
the calendars of saints of the thirteenth,
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, used in the Church of Aquileia and Cividale,
his feast has a special rubric. The first appearance of the
name St. Paulinus in the Liturgy occurs in the
"Litaniae" of Charles the Bald of the ninth century. It appears also
in the "Litaniae Carolinae", in the "Litaniae a
S. Patribus constitutae", and finally in the Litaniae" of
the Gertrudian manuscript of the tenth century. Down to
the sixteenth century the feast was celebrated on 11 Jan., during
the privileged octave of the Epiphany.
The patriarch Francesco Barbaro at the beginning of the
seventeenth century translated the feast to 9 Feb. The Church of Cividale keeps
his feast on 2 March. After several
translations the relics of
the saintly patriarch were laid to rest under
the altar of the crypt of the basilica of
Cividale del Friuli.
Cossio,
Aluigi. "St.
Paulinus II, Patriarch of Aquileia." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 2 Jan. 2016 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11586a.htm>. Transcription. This article was transcribed for
New Advent by Michael C. Tinkler.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. February
1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal
Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2020 by Kevin Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11586a.htm
Paulinus of Aquileia B
(AC)
Born at Cividale (near Fruili), Italy, c. 726; died at Aquileia, Italy, 804;
feast day formerly January 11. Although Saint Paulinus was born on a farm to
parents of modest means, himself tilled the soil, and studied on his own in his
leisure, he was well-educated and earn a reputation as a scholar. For this
reason he was summoned to Charlemagne's court in 776 after the destruction of
the Lombard Kingdom in 774. Here he became fast friends with Blessed Alcuin. In
784, Paulinus was elevated to patriarch of Aquileia, near his hometown in
northern Italy. During his episcopacy Paulinus was active. He took part in
several church councils in which he took the lead in defending the filioque,
and competently wrote much against Adoptionism, a heresy which was then spreading
throughout Spain. He also carried on missionary work among the Avars, but, in
concert with Pepin of Italy and the Danubian bishops, he condemned the baptism
of uninstructed or unwilling converts. In addition to theological tracts,
Paulinus wrote poems, hymns, and a book of spiritual direction for use by Duke
Henry of Friuli (Attwater, Attwater2, Benedictines, Coulson).
SOURCE :
http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0128.shtml
Cividale, Italy. Museo Cristiano: Baptistry of
Callixtus - Paulinus relief ( 8th century ).
San Paolino d'Aquileia Vescovo
11 gennaio
† Cividale, 802
Teologo
e musicista, Paolino è originario di Cividale, nell’attuale Friuli. Voluto da
Carlo Magno tra i sette saggi che dovevano unificare l’Europa, nel 787 è
vescovo di Aquileia e opera per la riforma della Chiesa. Evangelizzatore della
Slovenia, partecipa ai concili fino alla morte, nell’802.
Martirologio
Romano: A Cividale del Friuli, san Paolino, vescovo di Aquileia, che si
adoperò nel convertire alla fede gli Avari e gli Sloveni e dedicò al re Carlo
Magno un celebre poema sulla regola di fede.
La storia di Paolino, nato a Cividale, nel ducato
longobardo del Friuli, verso l’anno 730, è strettamente legata al progetto
coltivato da Carlo Magno di unificare l’Europa (con l’appoggio del Papa e sotto
il segno della Croce di Cristo): fu nella storia il primo vero progetto di
Unità europea, intesa anche in senso culturale. A tale scopo il sovrano aveva
riunito ad Aquisgrana, nell’'Accademia Palatina' (il prototipo delle future
università), un gruppo di sette saggi (il nome più celebre è quello di Alcuino
di York) che dovevano aiutarlo nell’impresa, stringendo fra loro una forte
amicizia ed elaborando assieme le linee culturali del progetto. E Paolino fu
chiamato a farne parte. Gli amici lo definirono «Luce di Ausonia» (cioè
d’Italia). Nel 787 fu nominato patriarca di Aquileia (il cui governo
abbracciava l’Istria, il Friuli, Padova, Vicenza, Verona, Trento) e si dedicò
subito alla riforma della sua Chiesa, riportandone la liturgia all’antica
bellezza. Partecipò ai concili del tempo per combattere le sempre insidiose
eresie, e intraprese un’ampia attività missionaria verso la Slovenia. Era di
ingegno ampio e versatile: s’intendeva di teologia (e ci ha lasciato importanti
trattati dottrinali), di letteratura e perfino di musica. Ma le sue
composizioni poetico-musicali, che piaceranno perfino a Manzoni e Carducci,
avevano sempre un intento didattico. E non c’è quasi comunità cristiana che non
abbia una volta o l’altra cantato quell’inno Ubi Caritas et Amor («Dov’è carità
e Amore») che ci è stato appunto regalato da san Paolino.
Paolino, di origine e formazione cividalese, dopo
l’occupazione franca del ducato longobardo del Friuli, divenne familiare di
Carlo Magno che lo associò alla sua scuola palatina ; nel 787 divenne patriarca
d’Aquileia. Si impegnò in un grande rinnovamento della sua Chiesa, come
testimoniano, tra l’altro, gli atti del Concilio di Cividale del 796 e la
riforma dell’antica liturgia aquileiese. Poeta sensibile, fu autore di diverse
composizioni sacre. Contribuì attivamente a confutare l’eresia adozionista,
partecipando ai Concili di Ratisbona (792) e di Francoforte (796) e scrivendo
notevoli trattati polemici (Libellus sacrosyllabus; Contra Felicem, libri
tres). La sua personalità e la sua opera gli meritarono un posto di preminenza
anche nella cultura europea del tempo. Organizzò l’attività missionaria fra le
vicine popolazioni slave.
Morì a Cividale nell’802.
Autore: P. Renzo Bon
