dimanche 19 janvier 2014

Saint HENRI d'UPPSALA (de FINLANDE), évêque et martyr


Saint Henri

Martyr et patron de la Finlande ( v. 1157)

D'origine anglaise, il accompagna Nicolas Breakspear, le futur pape Adrien IV, en Suède où il fut évêque d'Uppsala en 1152. Soutenu par le roi saint Eric IX, il l'accompagna en Finlande où il fut tué à Abo-Turku, par un opposant à la réforme qu'il entreprenait dans cette Eglise. Il fut canonisé en 1158 par la voix populaire. Considéré comme un martyr, il est patron de la Finlande et son nom est inscrit au martyrologe romain. 

Henry ou Eric. 


Il était anglais de naissance, comme bien des évangélisateurs de la Scandinavie. Il fut d'abord apôtre en Norvège, puis en Suède où il fut sacré évêque d'Uppsala par Nicolas Breakspeare, son compatriote, qui deviendra Pape sous le nom d'Adrien IV. Il alla porter la lumière de la foi en Finlande et, au sortir de sa messe, à Turku, il fut assassiné.

En Finlande, vers 1157, saint Henry, évêque et martyr. Né en Angleterre, il dirigea l’Église d’Uppsala et employa le plus grand zèle à annoncer l’Évangile aux Finnois. Il fut enfin mis à mort par un meurtrier qu’il s’était efforcé de redresser selon la discipline de l’Église.



R. W. Ekman. Saint Henri baptisant les Finnois durant le printemps de Kuppis

Saint Henri (+ 1157)

D’origine anglaise, il accompagna Nicolas Breakspear, le futur pape Adrien IV, en Suède où il fut évêque d’Uppsala en 1152. Soutenu par le roi saint Eric IX, il l’accompagna en Finlande où il fut tué à Abo-Turku, par un opposant à la réforme qu’il entreprenait dans cette Eglise. Il fut canonisé en 1158 par la voix populaire. Considéré comme un martyr, il est patron de la Finlande et son nom est inscrit au martyrologe romain.

"Dans la mesure où l’on accueille l’amour de Dieu dans le fond de son âme, dans cette mesure on a l’amour de Dieu. C’est pourquoi désormais un tel homme vit dans une ardente passion pour l’illumination de la connaissance jusqu’à ce qu’il goûte une grande plénitude intérieure. Alors, il ne se connaît plus lui-même, il est entièrement transformé par l’amour de Dieu."
(Diadoque de Photicé – Au livre des heures de ce jour)

SOURCE : http://www.eglise.catholique.fr/actualites-et-evenements/agenda/saint-du-jour.html


St. Henry of Uppsala

St. Henry of Uppsala, the Patron of Finland, was an Englishman of the twelfth century residing at Rome. In 1152, he was consecrated Bishop of Uppsala, Sweden, by the Papal Legate Nicholas Breakspear, who later became Pope Adrian IV.

In 1154, St. Eric, King of Sweden, led a punitive expedition against the Finns in retaliation for their marauding activity into Sweden, and Henry accompanied him. Eric offered peace and the Christian Faith to the people of Finland, but they refused. A battle ensued and the Swedes won.  Henry baptized the defeated people in the Spring of Kuppis near Turku. When Eric returned to Sweden, Henry remained behind, working to convert more of the Finns.

To this end he built a church at Nousis, which became his headquarters. In time, Henry met a violent death on account of his love of God. A converted Finnish soldier named Lalli had murdered a Swedish soldier. After careful consideration of the facts and assiduous prayer, Henry imposed the penalty of excommunication on the murderer. Lalli became enraged and slew the saintly bishop with an ax. Henry was buried at Nousis, and miracles were reported at his tomb.

SOURCE : http://www.ucatholic.com/saints/saint-henry-of-uppsala/

St. Henry of Uppsala


Feast: January 19

Henry was an Englishman living in Rome. He accompanied the papal legate, Cardinal Breakspear (later Pope Adrian IV) to Scandinavia in 1151 and was consecrated bishop of Uppsala, Sweden, the next year by the cardinal. During the reign of Saint Erik, King of Sweden, he was a missionary bishop for the Baltic area, living in Uppsala, Sweden, and working energetically for the establishment of the Christian faith. He took part in a crusade to Finland, organised by the king in 1155. When the king had returned home with his troops, Bishop Henry remained in Finland to continue organising ecclesiastical life. St. Henry was the first bishop of Finland. He died a martyr's death the winter after the crusade (on 19 or 20 January in 1156). A peasant named Lalli, who had been excommunicated for manslaughter, killed Henry on the ice of Lake Köyliö. Bishop Henry was first buried in the village church of Nousiainen but on 18 June, 1300, his earthly remains were transferred to the cathedral of Turku. On a small man-made island at the place where Saint Henry was killed, a memorial chapel was built, apparently in the 14th century. The chapel eventually fell into ruin and all that remains of it now are some scattered stones and timber. The island became a popular place of pilgrimage during the Middle Ages, and to this day Finnish Catholics gather there annually on a Sunday in mid-June to venerate the memory of St. Henry and to thank God for the grace he has shown to Finland and the Finns through the saint and his successors. No documents have been preserved of the canonisation of Bishop Henry. The first document in which he is referred to as "saint" is a letter of Pope Boniface VIII from the year 1296. St. Henry became the patron of the Cathedral of Turku and later the patron of the church and nation of Finland.




Henry of Uppsala BM (RM)
(also known as Henry of Finland)


Born in England; died in Finland c. 1156; canonized in 1158; feast of the translation of his relics to Abo, June 18. Saint Henry, an Englishman living in Rome, became an apostle to Scandinavia. He accompanied the papal legate, Nicholas Cardinal Breakspear (later Pope Adrian IV), to Scandinavia in 1151 and was consecrated bishop of Uppsala, Sweden, the following year by the cardinal at the council of Linköping.



Henry was with King Saint Eric of Sweden during the latter's crusade into Finland, in 1154, to punish to Finnish pirates who repeatedly invaded Sweden. Eric offered peace and the Christian faith, both of which were refused by the Finns. In the ensuing battle, Eric prevailed. Thereafter, Henry baptized the defeated Finns in the spring of Kuppis near Abo.

When Eric returned home, Henry remained in Turku to continue his efforts at evangelization. Unfortunately, he was less tactful than zealous, and the warlike circumstances under which he arrived in Finland were not a good recommendation for Christianity. Nevertheless, Henry built a church at Nousis and made it his headquarters. After a few years, Henry was martyred on Kirkkosaari in Lake Kjulo with an axe by an angry convert named Lalli, upon whom Henry had imposed a heavy penance, including excommunication, for the murder of a Swedish soldier. Soon after his burial in Nousis, miracles began to occur. The union of Finland and Sweden wrought by Henry and Eric lasted much longer than they did--until the 14th century.

On June 18, 1300, Henry's relics were translated to Abo cathedral, and, in 1370, a magnificent Flemish sepulchral brass was placed on his original tomb. This brass, which depicts Henry's life, death, and miracles, still exists. Henry's cultus spread to Sweden, where Uppsala cathedral has a cycle of murals devoted to him. An English chapel in the Carmelite church in Great Yarmouth is also dedicated to him. The Russians took the relics from Abo in 1720 (Attwater, Benedictines, Delaney, Encyclopedia, Farmer, Gill).
SOURCE : http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0119.shtml

In Sweden, Saint Henry is generally portrayed in art as a bishop being murdered at Mass together with young King Eric, patron saint of Sweden (Roeder). In medieval churches in Finland, Henry is depicted trampling on Lalli--Finland's primary contribution to iconography. He is also included in Niccolo Circignani's series of paintings of English martyrs completed in 1582 for the English College in Rome. Henry is considered the patron saint of Finland and is especially invoked by the local seal-fishermen during storms (Farmer).

Sant' Enrico di Uppsala Vescovo e martire


Inghilterra - XII secolo - Finlandia

Martirologio Romano: In Finlandia, sant’Enrico, vescovo e martire, che, nato in Inghilterra, ebbe l’incarico di reggere la Chiesa di Uppsala, adoperandosi con grande zelo nell’evangelizzazione dei Finni; fu, infine, crudelmente trucidato da un omicida, che egli aveva cercato di correggere secondo la disciplina ecclesiastica. 

Sant’Enrico visse nel XII secolo e divenne apostolo della Finlandia. Originario dell’Inghilterra, operò in Svezia lottando contro il paganesimo anche se purtroppo non sappiamo di preciso quando giunse in Scandinavia. Verso la metà del XII secolo compare quale vescovo di Uppsala, ove secondo la tradizione locale avrebbe innaugurato la nuova cattedrale edificata da Sant’Erick IX, re di Svezia. In seguito accompagnò il sovrano in una crociata volta alla cristianizzazione della Finlandia e si fermò nella regione per continuare l’opera intrapresa. Vinti i capi locali, li battezzò forzataemente alla fonte di Kuppis, nei pressi di Abo. Poche notizie sono comunque state tramandate circa la sua attività missionaria: secondo la tradizione sarebbe giunto sino al villaggio di Ylistaro, nella contrada di Kumo, ove ancora oggi sopravvivono le rovine della casa in cui il santo vescovo avrebbe predicato.

Enrico trovò la morte nel primo inverno dal suo arrivo in Finlandia per mano di un indigeno di nome Lalli, cui egli aveva imposto penitenza per un precedente omicidio. L’omicidio avvenne nella palude di Kjulo e secondo le leggende Lalli avrebbe anche staccato il pollice del vescovo al quale era infilato l’anello pastorale sulla cui pietra era inciso il suo sigillo. In primavera il dito con l’anello ancora infilato fu rinvenuto su un pezzo di ghiaccio galleggiante ed un cieco riacquistò immediatamente la vista stroppiciandosi gli occhi con la reliquia. Il capitolo del duomo di Abo, in Finlandia, assunse e conserva ancora oggi quale suo sigillo particolare l’immagine del dito con l’anello.

Enrico avrebbe predetto per tempo la sua morte e diede disposizione ai suoi compagni che il suo cadavere fosse attaccato ad un paio di buoi e ove questi lo avrebbero casualmente trascinato fosse sepolto e venisse eretta una chiesa. Così avvenne presso Nouis, ma in seguito i suoi resti furono racchiusi in un prezioso reliquiario e traslati nel nuovo duomo di Abo. Durante l’occupazione russa della Finlandia, lo zar Pietro I nel 1720 fece spedire in Russia il reliquiario e da allora scomparve. La sua tomba originaria nella chiesa di Nouis continuò comunque ad essere considerata un luogo sacro, tanto che dopo secoli vi fu eretto un monumento recante l’immagine del santo ed alcune scene della sua vita.

Ufficialmente pare che Enrico di Uppsala non sia mai stato canonizzato, ma abitualmente al suo nome da tempo immemorabile venne anteposto l’attributo di “santo”. Invocato quale particolare protettore della Finlandia, gli furono dedicate le feste del 20 gennaio e del 18 giugno ed in molte chiese finlandesi e svedesi era posta la sua effige. Oggi la cristianità Finlandia è difisa fra cattolicesimo, luteranesimo ed ortodossia, ma ormai da tempo è iniziata una consuetudine secondo cui ogni anno il 20 gennaio, festa che cade provvidenzialmente durante la Settimana di Preghiera per l’Unità dei Cristiani, una delegazione ecumenica dalla Finlandia si reca in visita dal Vescovo di Roma.

Autore: 
Fabio Arduino