Raphael (1483–1520), Papa Urbano I tra la Giustizia e la Carità, circa 1520, Sala di Constantino, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican
Sala di Constantino Fresco Sala di Constantino, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican
Saint Urbain Ier
Pape (17e) de 222 à
230 (+ 230)
Son pontificat s'écoula entre deux persécutions et il dut en panser les plaies et consolider les bases de l'Église ébranlée par tant d'attaques. Mais on ne sait rien de plus précis sur son action. Saint Urbain est le patron de la paroisse de Thionville-Guentrange 57100. Nous y trouvons sa statue, des vitraux, d'anciennes bannières à son effigie; la grosse cloche de l'église porte son nom.
...Personne ne sait plus dire pourquoi les habitants de Busigny ont porté une si grande dévotion au pape St Urbain, mais cela est très ancien. Avant d'être élu pape en l'année 222, cet évêque était peut-être passé en Gaule... A-t-il permis quelques miracles? On ne sait pas. Mais il a été une occasion de rassemblement de prière pour de grandes foules pendant de nombreuses années... (Saint Urbain - diocèse de Cambrai)
- Un internaute nous signale: 'Il y a des éléments sur Urbain 1er dans les actes de Ste Cécile (+Sts Valère, Tiburce, Maximo). Voir le livre de Dom Guéranguer abbé de Solesmes sur Ste Cécile et la Rome antique. Enterré à Ste Cécile du Trastévère avec ceux qu'il avait contribué à convertir (si je ne me trompe pas) afin de réunir ceux qui à peu de choses près avaient été liés dans le martyr.'
À Rome, au cimetière de Calliste sur la voie Appienne, en 230, saint Urbain
Ier, pape, qui, après le martyre de saint Calliste,
dirigea fidèlement l'Église romaine pendant huit ans. (19 mai au martyrologe
romain)
Martyrologe romain
SOURCE : http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1220/Saint-Urbain-Ier.html
Saint Urbain Ier, pape et
martyr
A la fin du Ve siècle, la
Passion de sainte Cécile identifie un martyr inhumé au cimetière de Prétextat
avec le pape Urbain Ier qui mourut le 19 mai 230 et fut inhumé dans la crypte
des papes au cimetière de Callixte. Au VIIe siècle, le sacramentaire grégorien
entérine cette identification, à la suite du Liber Pontificalis.
Leçon des Matines avant
1960
Neuvième leçon. Urbain
était de Rome. Sous l’empereur Alexandre-Sévère il convertit, par son
enseignement et la sainteté de sa vie, un grand nombre de personnes à la foi
chrétienne. De ce nombre étaient Valérien, époux de la bienheureuse Cécile, et
Tiburce, frère de Valérien, qui, dans la suite, subirent très courageusement le
martyre. Urbain a écrit ces paroles au sujet des biens attribués à l’Église : «
Les choses que les fidèles offrent au Seigneur ne doivent être employées que
pour les besoins de l’Église et des Chrétiens, nos frères, ou des indigents ;
parce que ce sont les oblations sacrées des fidèles, des aumônes faites en vue
de racheter les péchés, et le patrimoine des pauvres ». Ce Pape siégea six ans,
sept mois et quatre jours ; ayant reçu la couronne du martyre, il fut enseveli
dans le cimetière de Prétextât, le huit des calendes de juin. En cinq
ordinations faites au mois de décembre, il ordonna neuf Prêtres, cinq Diacres
et sacra huit Évêques pour divers lieux.
Column shrine in front of Sokol house in Syrovice ; Q12042035, Brno-Country District, South Moravian Region, Czechia ; Reliefs in Brno-Country District ; Reliefs of Urbanus I
Column shrine in front of Sokol house in Syrovice ; Q12042035, Brno-Country District, South Moravian Region, Czechia ; Reliefs in Brno-Country District ; Reliefs of Urbanus I
Dom Guéranger, l’Année
Liturgique
Cette journée est marquée
par le triomphe de deux saints papes, et le septième Grégoire, en quittant la
terre, est introduit dans le séjour céleste par un de ses prédécesseurs :
Urbain, martyr par l’effusion de son sang ; Grégoire, martyr par les douleurs
qu’éprouva sa grande âme. La cause était la même. Urbain donnait sa vie plutôt
que de céder à la puissance terrestre qui eût voulu courber toute âme généreuse
devant les idoles des faux dieux ; Grégoire préféra encourir toutes les
disgrâces de cette vie plutôt que de laisser la sainte Église sous le joug de
César. Tous deux embellissent le cycle pascal de leurs palmes et de leurs couronnes.
Jésus ressuscité avait dit à Pierre : « Suis-moi [1]. » Pierre suivit son
Maître jusqu’à la croix. Héritiers de Pierre, Urbain et Grégoire se sont
attachés à la suite du même chef, et nous saluons leur commun triomphe, en
lequel brille la force invincible que le triomphateur de la mort a communiquée
dans tous les siècles à ceux qu’il a choisis pour rendre témoignage ici-bas à
la vérité de sa résurrection.
Saint Pontife, nous
célébrons votre triomphe avec une joie augmentée encore par l’anniversaire du
départ de votre illustre successeur pour le séjour où vous l’attendiez dans la
gloire. Du haut du ciel vous aviez suivi ses combats, et vous aviez reconnu que
son courage n’était pas au-dessous de celui des martyrs. Lui, sur sa couche
funèbre à Salerne, s’animait à la dernière lutte par la pensée de votre dernier
combat en ce même jour. O lien merveilleux de l’Église triomphante et de
l’Église militante ! ô sublime fraternité des saints ! ô espérance immortelle
pour nos cœurs ! Jésus ressuscité nous convie à nous réunir à lui pour
l’éternité. Chaque génération lui envoie ses élus, et ils viennent tour à tour
se grouper au-dessous de ce divin Chef, comme autant de membres qui forment la
plénitude de son corps. Il est « le premier-né entre les morts », et il nous
fera participer à sa vie, selon que nous aurons participé à ses souffrances et
à sa mort. Priez, ô Urbain, afin que le désir de nous réunir à Jésus qui est «
la voie, la vérité et la vie », s’enflamme en nous toujours plus. Rendez-nous
supérieurs aux calculs terrestres, et donnez-nous de sentir toujours que tant
que nous restons en ce monde, « nous sommes exilés du Seigneur [2] ».
[1] Johan. XXI, 19.
[2] II Cor. V, 6.
Pomnik
św. Urbana I Patrona Zielonej Góry
Bhx Cardinal
Schuster, Liber Sacramentorum
Station dans le cimetière
de Prétextat.
Aujourd’hui le
Hiéronymien annonce le natalis d’un saint Urbain, enseveli sur la voie Appienne
dans le cimetière de Prétextat, et qui fut, à Rome, l’objet d’une grande
vénération. Selon toute probabilité, il faut pourtant distinguer cet évêque
martyr dont le souvenir est lié au triopium d’Hérode Atticus, du pape du même
nom, enseveli dans la crypte papale du cimetière de Callixte (224-233), où l’on
a retrouvé un fragment du couvercle de marbre de son sarcophage, avec
l’épigraphe : En effet, pour de nombreuses raisons d’ordre chronologique et
hagiographique que nous ne pouvons exposer ici, il semble que le saint Urbain
du cimetière de Prétextat, mis par les actes de sainte Cécile en relation avec
les martyrs Tiburce et Valérien, ait été évêque d’un de ces petits villages qui
s’étaient développés autour du triopium et comme il en existait alors plusieurs
dans la campagne romaine.
Urbain fut victime de la
persécution où furent aussi mis à mort sainte Cécile, Tiburce, Valérien et
Maxime. Il fut enseveli par une femme nommée Marmenia ou Armenia dans le
cimetière local de Prétextat, dans la crypta magna, où, en effet, nous
l’indiquent constamment les Itinéraires des anciens pèlerins. Intrabis in
speluncam magnam, et ibi invenies sanctum Urbanum episcopum et confessorem
(Itin. de Salzbourg). Jean, abbé de Monza au VIe siècle, recueillit l’huile de
sa lampe sépulcrale qu’il unit aux autres huiles des tombeaux des martyrs
vénérés dans les deux cimetières Ad Catacumbas et de Prétextat.
Le corps de saint Urbain
demeura en ce lieu jusqu’au temps de Paschal Ier qui transporta dans la
basilique transtévérine de Sainte-Cécile les ossements de l’évêque Urbain comme
il avait transféré les reliques de saint Urbain Ier à Sainte-Praxède, et il
repose en paix, maintenant encore, près de la vierge Cécile, de Tiburce, de
Valérien, de Maxime et du pape Lucius.
A proximité du cimetière
de Prétextat, on dédia de bonne heure à la mémoire de saint Urbain un vieil
édifice classique que les archéologues identifient communément avec le temple
dédié par Hérode Atticus, précepteur de Marc-Aurèle, à la mémoire d’Annia
Regilla (165), sa première femme. L’action missionnaire de saint Urbain s’était
déroulée dans ces parages ; aussi fut-ce très à propos qu’on donna son nom à ce
qui représentait peut-être le monument le plus considérable du triopium. Cette
église, ornée d’anciennes et très importantes peintures, conserva longtemps le
souvenir du martyr dans cette région de la voie Appienne jadis évangélisée par
lui ; souhaitons que, après une longue période de désolation, elle soit de
nouveau rendue au culte de cet ancien évêque de la campagne romaine.
Au temps pascal [3], la
messe est celle du Commun des Martyrs : Protexisti, avec des collectes
spéciales. Hors du temps pascal, la messe emprunte divers éléments des communs
d’un pontife.
Le graduel Inveni est le
même que le 6 décembre, fête de saint Nicolas ; le verset alléluiatique est
tiré du commencement du psaume 131 : « Souvenez-vous, Seigneur, de David et de
toutes ses souffrances. »
La vie d’un évêque est
comme un nouveau crucifiement, parce que dans son Église, où il tient la place
du Christ, il en partage aussi les labeurs et les opprobres.
La lecture évangélique
rapporte la parabole des cinq talents ; elle est empruntée à la messe des
Confesseurs Pontifes. Les évêques ont atteint dans l’Église le sommet de la
dignité hiérarchique. Le Seigneur exige d’eux en retour, non seulement qu’ils
lui rendent les cinq talents, mais qu’ils lui en apportent cinq autres en plus.
Le Sacramentaire
Grégorien en assigne une autre postcommunion : Beati Urbani martyris lui atque
pontificis, Domine, intercessione placatus, praesta, quaesumus, ut quae temporali
celebramus actione, perpétua salvatione capiamus.
Bien qu’au moyen âge cet
évêque Urbain, des Actes de sainte Cécile, ait été identifié à tort avec le
Pape du même nom, les reliques de ce dernier ont néanmoins une histoire tout à
fait distincte de celles du saint Urbain du cimetière de Prétextat. Le corps de
saint Urbain pape, comme en fait foi l’épigraphe du pape Paschal Ier qui se
trouve à Sainte-Praxède, fut transféré le 20 juillet 818 dans cette basilique,
où, aujourd’hui encore, il est conservé dans la crypte, sous l’autel majeur.
[3] Avant 1942.
Mozaika
św. Urbana I z bazyliki św. Pawła za Murami w Rzymie
A portrait of Pope Saint Urban I ;
Médaillon de la frise des papes à Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs. Il s'agit d'une mosaïque représentant Urbain Ier, 17e pape de l'Église catholique (222-230). Il fait parie de la série de médaillons voulue par Grégoire XVI destinée à remplacer ceux de l'ancienne basilique après l'incendie de 1823.
Dom Pius Parsch, le Guide
dans l’année liturgique
Saint Urbain fut le
successeur de saint Callixte 1er (v. 14 octobre). Il gouverna l’Église de
222-230. Pendant son pontificat, l’Église connut le calme, car l’empereur
Alexandre Sévère n’appliqua pas les décrets de persécution. Ce qui est
intéressant pour nous, c’est la décision concernant les offrandes des fidèles
au moment de l’Offertoire de la messe : « Les dons des fidèles qui sont offerts
au Seigneur ne doivent pas servir à autre chose qu’aux besoins ecclésiastiques
ou aux besoins généraux soit de la communauté chrétienne, soit des nécessiteux.
Ce sont, en effet, des offrandes sacrées des fidèles, l’expiation des péchés et
le patrimoine des pauvres » (Bréviaire). Le corps du saint pape fut transporté
en 818 dans l’église de Sainte-Praxède où il repose encore aujourd’hui.
SOURCE : http://www.introibo.fr/25-05-St-Urbain-Ier-pape-et-martyr#nh1
Papst Urban I. mit den heiligen Rupert und Elisabeth. Öl auf Leinwand. 43,5 x 35
Profile
Son of Pontianus. Pope during
a time of relative peace and growth in the Church.
Continued the orthodox papal opposition
to Hippolytus of Rome and
his schismatics.
Born
Papal Ascension
–
Additional
Information
A
Garner of Saints, by Allen Banks Hinds, M.A.
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Lives
and Times of the Popes, by Alexis-François Artaud de Montor
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
Saints
and Their Attributes, by Helen Roeder
other
sites in english
images
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
fonti
in italiano
MLA
Citation
“Pope Saint Urban
I“. CatholicSaints.Info. 28 June 2024. Web. 14 June 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/pope-saint-urban-i/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/pope-saint-urban-i/
Papa
Urbano I
Domenico Maggiotto, Gesù Bambino con i santi Antonio, Francesco di Paola e Urbano, 1758, Valnogaredo (Cinto Euganeo, Veneto), chiesa di San Bartolomeo -
Domenico Maggiotto, Child Jesus with saints Anthony, Francis of Paola and Urban, 1758, Valnogaredo (Cinto Euganeo, Veneto, Italy), Saint Bartholomew church
Article
(Saint) Pope, Martyr (May 25) (3rd
century) A Roman who succeeded Saint Callistus
as Pope (A.D. 223)
in an age of persecution.
He is chiefly known on account of the encouragement and help he gave to Saint Cecilia and
to other famous Martyrs of
his time. He died A.D. 230.
MLA
Citation
Monks of Ramsgate. “Urban
I”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info.
27 June 2017. Web. 14 June 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-urban-i/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-urban-i/
Św. Urban I Patron Zielonej Góry
Obraz św. Urbana I w kościele pod jego wezwaniem w Zielonej Górze
St. Urban
Feastday: May 25
Death: 230
St. Urban Pope and Martyr May
25 He succeeded St. Calixtus in
the year 223, the third of the emperor Alexander, and sat seven years. Though
the church enjoyed peace under that mild reign, this was frequently disturbed
by local persecutions raised by the people or governors. In the acts of St.
Cecily, this zealous pope is said to have encouraged the martyrs, and converted
many idolaters. He is styled a martyr in
the sacramentary of St. Gregory, in the Martyrology of St. Jerome published
by Florentinius, and in the Greek liturgy. It appears from Fortunatus, and
several ancient missals, that the festival of St. Urban was
celebrated in France with
particular devotion in the sixth age. A very old church stood on the Appian
road, dedicated to God in
honor of this saint near the place where he was first interred in the cemetery
of Praetextatus His body was there found, together with those of SS. Cecily,
Tiburtius, and Valerian, in 821, and translated by pope Paschal into the church
of St Cecily. Papebroke shows that it is the body of another martyr of
the same name, famous in ancient records, which Nicholas I. sent, in 862, to
the monks of St. Germanus of
Auxerre, and which now adorns the monastery of Saint Urban, in the diocese of
Challons on the Marne, near Joinville it is exposed in a silver shrine. See
Tillemont, t. 3, p. 258.
SOURCE : https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=718
Saints of
the Day – Urban I, Pope, Martyr
Article
Born in Rome, Italy; died
there on May 23, 230. Pope Saint Urban, son of Pontianus, was elected pope
c.222 to succeed Pope Saint Callistus I. He ruled during a relatively peaceful
period of the early Church. Although he died on May 23, he was buried on May
25, which is celebrated as his feast day (Benedictines, Delaney, Gill). At
least one epistle survives him. Saint Urban is portrayed in art after his
beheading, with the papal tiara near him. Otherwise, he may be depicted (1) as
idols fall from a column while he is beheaded; (2) scourged at the stake; (3)
seated in a landscape as a young man (Saint Valerian) kneels before him and a
priest holds a book; or (4) sometimes as a pope with a bunch of grapes
(confused with the bishop, Saint Urban of Langres). He is invoked against storm
and lightning (Roeder).
MLA
Citation
Katherine I
Rabenstein. Saints of the Day, 1998. CatholicSaints.Info.
28 June 2024. Web. 14 June 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-urban-i-pope-martyr/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-urban-i-pope-martyr/
Schwabach
- City Church. Altar of Saint Sebastian ( 1490 ) - Left wing: Two holy popes;
to the right pope Urbanus I holding a hops plant.
Schwabach - Stadtkirche. Sebastiansaltar ( 1490 ) - Linker Flügel: Zwei heilige Päpste; rechts Urban I mit einer Hopfendolde.
Golden Legend –
Life of Saint Urban
Here followeth of Saint
Urban, and first of the interpretation of his name.
Urbanus is said of
urbanity, that is courtesy, or it is said of ur, that is to say fire or light
and banal, that is to say response or answer. He was light by honest
conversation, fire by charity, and answer by doctrine. Or he was light, for the
light is good to behold, and it is immaterial in essence, in setting celestial,
and profitable in working. And thus this saint was amiable in conversation,
celestial in love of God, and profitable in predication.
Of Saint Urban.
Saint Urban was pope
after Saint Calixtus, and the christian people were in his time in over great
persecution, but the mother of the emperor, whom Origen had converted, prayed so much her son that he left
the christian people in peace. Nevertheless there was one, Almachius, provost
of Rome, and was their principal governour of the city, and he had cruelly
smitten off the head of Saint Cecilia. This man was marvellously cruel against
christian men, and did diligently enquire where Saint Urban was, and by one of
his servants, named Carpasius, he was found in a dark place and a secret with
three priests
and three deacons. He commanded to put him in prison, and after, he did him to
be brought tofore him and accused him that he had deceived five thousand people
with Saint Cecilia, and the noble men Tiburtius and Valerian, and made all them
do sacrilege, and above this he demanded him the treasure of Saint Cecilia and
of the church. To whom Urban said: I see now that covetise moveth thee more to
persecute the christian men than doth the sacrifice of thy gods; the treasure
of Saint Cecilia is ascended into heaven by the hands of poor people. Then did
he do beat Saint Urban with plummets and also his fellows with him, and he
praised the name of god Elyon, and the tyrant smiling said: This old fellow
would be reputed wise, for he speaketh and saith words that he understandeth
not. And when he saw that he might not overcome him, he commanded him and sent
him to prison again, whereas Saint Urban converted three captains of the town
with the keeper of the prison, which was named Anolinus, and baptized them.
When the tyrant heard that Anolinus was become christian, he did do bring him
tofore him, and because he would do no sacrifice to his gods he did do smite
off his head. And when Saint Urban and his fellows were brought tofore the
idols, to the end that they should sacrifice and cense tofore the gods, Saint
Urban began to make his orison to God; and anon the idol fell down and slew
twenty-two priests
of the law that held fire for to make sacrifice. Then were they beaten cruelly,
and after brought for to make sacrifice, and then they spit in the idol and
after made the sign of the cross in their foreheads, and kissed each other, and
received capital sentence, that is to say they were beheaded, and so suffered
death under Alexander the emperor, which began to reign the year of our Lord
two hundred and twenty. And anon after Carpasius was taken of the fiend in
blaspheming his gods and in magnifying the christian men against his will, he
was strangled of the fiend, which thing his wife seeing, called Armenia, with
her daughter Lucina and all her household received baptism of Saint
Fortunatus, priest.
And after that the bodies of the saints were right honorably buried.
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/golden-legend-life-of-saint-urban/
Artaud
de Montor (1772–1849). The Lives and Times of the Popes (1842), New York: The
Catholic Publication Society of America, 1911.
The
Lives and Times of the Popes – Saint Urban I – A.D. 223
Article
On the death of Saint
Calixtus, Saint Urban I, a noble Roman, was created pontiff, in 223. He
baptized many persons belonging to the Roman nobility, among others Saint
Cecilia and her husband Valerianus. He ordered that all the vessels used in the
sacred mysteries should be of silver. It is not astonishing, therefore, that
silver chalices were in use before this pontificate. On this subject Novaes
tells us that when Saint Boniface was asked whether it was allowable to
celebrate with vessels of wood, he replied: “Formerly golden priests used
wooden chalices; now wooden priests use golden chalices.”
It was Urban who ordered
that Christians should receive the chrism only from the hands of the bishops,
whence has been mistakenly attributed to him the institution of the sacrament
of confirmation. It is as certain that that sacrament was instituted before
Saint Urban as it is that Christ and the apostles preceded that pope.
It is affirmed that he
ordered that the thrones of the bishops should be made higher, so that they
might judge the faithful; and it was on that account that those thrones are
also called tribunals.
He suffered martyrdom in
the year 230, under Alexander Severus. But let us not on that account withdraw
the praises we have bestowed upon that emperor. Caesarotti has well explained
that, when that prince was absent from Rome, men who were obstinately attached
to the old laws irritated the populace and consigned the Christians to
martyrdom. Many preceding decrees allowed the maltreatment of the Christians
under various pretexts, and the imprisonment of Romans who conspired against
the state. The condemnation, therefore, could easily mention some legally
punishable offence without saying that the only real cause of proceeding
against the accused was because they were Christians.
In five ordinations Saint
Urban I created eight bishops, five priests, and nine deacons.
He was buried in the
cemetery of Pretextatus, on the Appian Way, near the gate of Saint Sebastian.
The head of that pontiff
is venerated in the Church of Saint Mary, in the Trastevere, in the chapel of
the Madonna of Strada Cupa, which was richly ornamented and consecrated by
Cardinal the Duke of York, commendatory of that basilica. The ceremony took
place on the 14th of November, 1762. That chapel had been given by the chapter
to that cardinal, who was brother of Prince Charles Edward. His Eminence was
the last of the Stuarts, and died in 1788. He had on his medals the title of
Henry IX, King of England.
MLA
Citation
Alexis-François Artaud de
Montor. “Saint Urban I – A.D. 223”. The
Lives and Times of the Popes, 1911. CatholicSaints.Info.
28 July 2022. Web. 14 June 2025. <https://catholicsaints.info/the-lives-and-times-of-the-popes-saint-urban-i-a-d-223/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/the-lives-and-times-of-the-popes-saint-urban-i-a-d-223/
-WUS07598.jpg)
School
of Württemberg, Heiliger Urban und Heilger Valentin,
1509, 139.9 x 56, Museum of
the Diocese of Rottenburg
A Garner of
Saints – Pope Saint Urban I
Article
Succeeded Calixtus in 223
at a time when a fierce persecution was raging against the Christians. On the
succession of Alexander, whose mother had been converted by Origen, the
persecution abated somewhat, but Almachius, the governor who had beheaded St Cecilia,
continued to hunt the faithful. Having discovered Urban in a cavern, where he
had taken refuge in company with three priests, the governor put them all in
prison. Calling the pope before him, the governor accused Urban of having
seduced Valerian, Tiburtius and Cecilia, and demanded the riches of the latter.
When Urban replied that the riches of Cecilia had been transported to heaven,
the governor caused him to be beaten with rods, and as he and his companions
remained unshaken, they were taken back to prison. Here Urban baptized three
tribunes who came to him, as well as the gaoler, who was afterwards beheaded
for the faith. Urban and his companions were next brought before the idols and
commanded to sacrifice, but as the holy man prayed the idol fell down and
crushed twenty-two priests who were maintaining the sacred fire. Upon this the
martyrs were beaten, but making the sign of the cross, they spat upon the idol,
and having given one another the kiss of peace, they were led away to die.
Immediately Carpasius, who had arrested them, was seized by a devil and
strangled, blaspheming his gods. On seeing this his wife and all his household
were baptized by the priest Fortunatus, and they gave the bodies of the martyrs
honourable burial. 25th
May.
MLA
Citation
Allen Banks Hinds, M.A.
“Pope Saint Urban I”. A Garner of Saints, 1900. CatholicSaints.Info.
26 April 2017. Web. 14 June 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/a-garner-of-saints-pope-saint-urban-i/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/a-garner-of-saints-pope-saint-urban-i/
.jpg)
Papež
Urban, 1868, panjska končnica, 13 x 28, Museum of
Apiculture, Radovljica, Radovljica, Municipality of Radovljica,
Slovenia
Pope Urban I
Reigned 222-30, date of
birth unknown; died 23 May, 230. According to the
"Liber Pontificalis," Urban was aRoman and
his father's name
was Pontianus. After the death of Callistus
I (14 October, 222) Urban was elected Bishop
of Rome, of which Church he was the head for eight years,
according to Eusebius (Church
History VI.23). The document called the Liberian catalogue
of popes puts
the beginning of his pontificate in the year 223 and its close in the year 230.
The dissension produced in the Roman
Church by Hippolytuscontinued
to exist during Urban's pontificate. Hippolytus and
his adherents persisted in schism;
it was probably during the reign of Urban that Hippolytus wrote
his "Philosophumena", in which he attacked Pope
Callistus severely. Urban maintained the same attitude towards
the schismatical party
and its leader that his predecessor had adopted.
The historical authorities say nothing of any other factious troubles
in the life of the Roman
Church during this era. In 222 Alexander
Severus became Roman emperor. He favoured
a religious eclecticism and also protected Christianity.
His mother, Julia Mammaea, was a friend of the Alexandrine teacher Origen,
whom she summonded to Antioch. Hippolytus dedicated his
work on the Resurrection to her. The result of the favourable opinion
of Christianity held
by the emperor and his mother was that Christians enjoyed
complete peace in essentials, although their legal status was
not changed. The historian Lampridius(Alex. Sever., c. xxii) says
emphatically that Alexander
Severus made no trouble for the Christians:
"Christianos esse passus est." Undoubtedly the Roman
Church experienced the happy results
of these kindly intentions and was unmolested during this emperor's reign
(222-235). The emperor even protected Roman Christians in
a legal dispute over the ownership of a piece of land. When they
wished to build a church on a piece of land in Rome which
was also claimed by tavern-keepers, the matter was brought before the
imperial court, and Severus decided in favour of the Christians,
declaring it was better that God should
be worshippedon that spot (Lampridius, "Alex. Sever.", c. xlix).
Nothing
is known concerning the personal labours of Pope Urban. The
increase in extent of various Roman
Catacombs in the first half of the third
century proves that Christians grew
largely in numbers during this period.
The legendary Acts of St.
Cecilia connect the saint,
as well as her husband and brother-in-law, with Urban, who is said to have baptized her
husband and her brother-in-law. This narrative, however, is purely legendary,
and has no historical value whatever; the same is true of
the Acts of the martyrdom of Urban himself,
which are of still later date than the legend of St.
Cecilia. The statement of the "Liber
Pontificalis"that Urban converted many by his sermons,
rests on the Acts of St. Cecilia. Another statement on the same
authority, that Urban had ordered the making of silver liturgical vessels,
is only an invention of the later editor of the biography early in the sixth
century, who arbitrarily attributed to Urban the making of certain vessels,
including the patens for
twenty-five titular churches of his own time. The particulars of the
death of Urban are unknown, but, judging from the peace of
his era, he must have died a natural death. The "Liber
Pontificalis"states that he became a confessor in the reign
of Diocletian;
the date added is without authority. His name does not appear in the
"Depositio Episcopoirum" of the fourth century in the
"Kalendarium Philocalianum".
Two different statements
are made in the early authorities as to the grave of Urban, of
which, however, only one refers to the pope of
this name. In the Acts of St. Cecilia and the "Liber
Pontificalis" it is said that Pope
Urban was buried in the Catacomb of
Praetextatus on the Via Appia. The Itineraries of the seventh century
to the graves of the Roman martyrs all
mention the grave of an Urban in connexion with the graves of several martyrs who
are buried in the Catacomb of
Praetextatus. One of the Itineraries gives this Urban the
title "Bishop and Confessor." Consequently, from the fourth
century, all Roman tradition has venerated the pope of
this name in the Urban of the Catacomb of
Praetextatus. In excavating a double chamber of the Catacomb of St.
Callistus, De
Rossi found, however, a fragment of the lid of
a sarcophagus that bore the inscription OUPBANOCE [piskopos]. He
also proved that
in the list of martyrs and confessors buried in
the Catacomb ofSt.
Callistus, drawn up by Sixtus
III (432-40), the name of an Urban is to be found. The
great archaeologist De
Rossi therefore came to the conclusion that
the Urban buried in St. Callistus was the pope,
while the saint of
the same name buried in St. Praetextatus was the bishop of
another see who died at Rome and
was buried in this catacomb.
Most historians agree with this opinion, which, however, chiefly
founded on the Acts of St. Cecilia. The lettering of the
above-mentioned epitaph of an Urban in St.
Callistus indicates a later period, as a comparison with the lettering of
the papal epitaphs
in the papal crypt proves.
In the list prepared by Sixtus
IIIand mentioned above, Urban is not given in
the succession of popes,
but appears among the foreign bishops who
died at Rome and
were buried in St. Callistus.
Thus it seems necessary to
accept the testimony that Pope Urban was buried in
the Catacomb of
Praetextatus, while the Urban lying in St.
Callistus is a bishop of
a later date from some other city. This view best reconciles the statements of
the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum". Under date of 25 May (VIII
kal. Jun.) is to be found the notice: "Via nomentana miliario VIII
natale Urbani episcopi in cimiterio Praetextati" ("Martyr.
Hieronym.", ed. De Rossi-Duchesne, 66). The catacomb on
the Via Nomentana, however, is that which contains the grave of Pope
Alexander, while the Catacomb of
Praetextatus is on the Via Appia. Duchesne has proved (Lib. Pontif.,
I, xlvi-xlvii) that in the list of graves of the popes from
which this notice is taken a line dropped out, and that it originally stated
that the grave of Pope Alexander was on the Via Nomentana, and the
grave of Pope Urban on the Via Appia in the Catacomb of
Praetextatus. Consequently 25 May is the day of
the burial of Urban in this catacomb.
As the same martyrology contains
under the date of
19 May (XIV kal.Jun.) a long list of martyrs headed
by the two Roman martyrs Calocerus
and Partenius, who are buried in the Catacomb of St.
Callistus, and including an Urban, this Urban is apparently the
foreign bishop of
that name who lies buried in the same catacomb.
Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Pope Urban I." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1912. 30 May 2015 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15209a.htm>.
Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by Carol Kerstner.
Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2023 by Kevin Knight.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15209a.htm
Leopold
Layer (1752–1828), Sv. Cecilija in Valerijan pred papežem Urbanom I, 68
x 48, Slovenian
Museum of Christianity, Stična, Municipality of Ivančna Gorica,
Slovenia
May 25
St. Urban, Pope and
Martyr
HE succeeded St. Calixtus
in the year 223, the third of the emperor Alexander, and sat seven years.
Though the church enjoyed peace under that mild reign, this was frequently
disturbed by local persecutions raised by the people or governors. In the acts
of St. Cecily this zealous pope is said to have encouraged the martyrs, and
converted many idolaters. He is styled a martyr in the sacramentary of St.
Gregory, in the Martyrology of St. Jerom published by Florentinius, and in the
Greek liturgy. It appears from Fortunatus and several ancient missals, that the
festival of St. Urban was celebrated in France with particular devotion in the
sixth age. A very old church stood on the Appian road dedicated to God in
honour of this saint, near the place where he was first interred, in the
cemetery of Prætextatus. His body was there found together with those of SS.
Cecily, Tiburtius, and Valerian in 821, and translated by Pope Paschal into the
church of St. Cecily. Papebroke shows that it is the body of another martyr of
the same name, famous in ancient records, which Nicholas I. sent in 862 to the
monks of St. Germanus of Auxerre, and which now adorns the monastery of Saint
Urban in the diocess of Challons on the Marne, near Joinville. It is exposed in
a silver shrine. See Tillemont, t. 3. p. 258.
Rev. Alban
Butler (1711–73). Volume V: May. The Lives of the Saints. 1866.
SOURCE : http://www.bartleby.com/210/5/252.html
Grazio
Cossali, Saint Cecilia in front of Pope
Urban, Chiesa di San Gaetano church in Brescia.
Grazio Cossali, Santa Cecilia inginocchiata davanti a Papa Urbano Egitto, nella Chiesa di San Gaetano a Brescia. Le tele restaurate della chiesa di San Gaetano in Brescia
Sant' Urbano I Papa
m. 230
(Papa dal 222 al 230)
Romano. Di lui si hanno poche notizie certe e documentate. Una fonte riferisce
che papa Urbano I convertì e battezzò, tra gli altri, il nobile Valeriano,
della famiglia dei Valerii, sposo di santa Cecilia.
Martirologio Romano: A
Roma nel cimitero di Callisto sulla via Appia, sant’Urbano I, papa, che, dopo
il martirio di san Callisto, resse per otto anni fedelmente la Chiesa di Roma.
C’è una collina a
separare la città abruzzese di Chieti dal borgo di Bucchianico. Attorno alla
metà del 1300 le due località sono impegnate in una delle tante guerre di
confine. Chieti decide che è l’ora di attaccare e far capitolare la gente del
piccolo borgo, ostinatamente arroccata dentro e attorno al castello che domina
la vallata. Un giorno – racconta la storia che molto deve alla leggenda –
un’armata forse di mercenari muove verso Bucchianico con intenzioni facilmente
intuite dalle vedette del borgo. Gli abitanti sono pochi ma il loro comandante
militare, il “Sergentiere”, ha un colpo di genio: ordina ai pochi uomini, e si
dice pure alle donne, di indossare corazze e ogni tipo di armatura e di
cominciare a muoversi dentro il castello e sul fianco della collina senza
interruzione. Gli assalitori notano da lontano quel viavai che sembra di un
gigantesco esercito in manovra e desistono dai propositi bellicosi.
Un Papato tranquillo
In realtà, secondo la tradizione, lo stratagemma fu ispirato al Sergentiere,
sembra in sogno, da Papa Sant’Urbano e ancora oggi nel piccolo borgo l’episodio
viene rievocato ogni anno con una grande manifestazione popolare. Al pari di
quell’evento, la storia certifica poco della vita di Sant’Urbano I. Eusebio di
Cesarea scrive nella sua celebre “Storia Ecclesiastica” che Urbano sale al
Soglio dopo la morte di Papa Callisto. Siamo attorno al 223 e fino al maggio
230 il Pontificato di quel Papa, probabilmente originario di Teano, scorre via
senza scossoni sotto l’impero di Settimio Severo. In realtà imperversa ancora
l’antipapa Ippolito, che aveva dato del filo da torcere a Callisto, ma si narra
che Urbano agisca con lui con la medesima fermezza del predecessore.
Fermezza e carità
Le questioni di cui si occupò Papa Urbano offrono uno spaccato delle
problematiche della Chiesa della prima ora. Intenta una complessa causa civile
contro dei produttori di ostie, revoca il decreto di Papa Zefirino che imponeva
calici di vetro per i sacrifici e obbliga all’uso di calici d’argento, è tenace
nel rivendicare le proprietà ecclesiali. Dai biografi dell’epoca emerge il
profilo di un uomo caritatevole e insieme risoluto, capace di portare al
Battesimo molti pagani tra cui la casata romana dei Valerii.
Storie incerte
Molte nebbie si addensano anche sulla morte di Papa Urbano, naturale per alcune
fonti, violenta per altre che riferiscono di un’uccisione per mano del prefetto
Almenio. Una tarda “Passio” lo vuole martire e legato alla storia di Santa
Cecilia, ma i documenti non sono chiari sul punto. Secondo il “Liber
Pontificalis”, la più autorevole biografia dei Papi del primo Medioevo, le
spoglie di Papa Urbano riposano nel cimitero di Callisto sulla Via Appia a
Roma.
Cromolitografia
in L. Tripepi, Ritratti e biografie dei romani pontefici: da S. Pietro a Leone
13, Roma, Vaglimigli Davide, 1879. Municipal
Library of Trento
Romano, papa dal 222 al 230, fu seppellito o nel Cimitero di Callisto o in quello di Pretestato.
Secondo il Liber Pontificalis, sarebbe nato a Roma durante l'impero di Diocleziano, mentre la sua elezione sarebbe avvenuta sotto l'impero di Alessandro Severo.
Dopo i tumulti anticristiani ai quali non sopravvisse il suo predecessore, il suo pontificato fu relativamente tranquillo. La famiglia imperiale stessa, attraverso la volontà di Giulia Mamea, madre dell'imperatore, accolse assieme ai riti pagani anche quelli cristiani.
Urbano venne particolarmente ricordato per la sua tenacia nel rivendicare le proprietà appartenenti alla chiesa, in particolar modo una causa civile contro un'associazione di ostie quindi il "dio Bacco" a proposito della proprietà di un edificio adibito al culto cristiano.Revocò il decreto di papa Zeferino, che stabiliva l’uso di vasi vitrei nei sacrifizi, prescrivendo che da tutti e dovunque si usassero calici d’argento.
Una tarda “Passio” lo vuole martire e legato alla storia di S.Cecilia. E’ ricordato nel Martirologio Romano il 25 maggio: A Roma, sulla via Nomentana, il natale del beato Urbano primo, Papa e Martire, per la cui esortazione e dottrina molti (fra i quali Tiburzio e Valeriano) abbracciarono la fede di Cristo, e per essa subirono il martirio. Egli pure, nella persecuzione di Alessandro Severo, dopo aver molto sofferto per la Chiesa di Dio, da ultimo con la decapitazione ottenne la corona del martirio.
Nell’arte è raffigurato come un pontefice canuto con ampia tonsura e breve barba.
Autore: Giovanni Sicari
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/89017
Giovanni Battista de'Cavalieri (1525–1601), Calcografia in Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, Pontificum Romanorum effigies, Roma, Basa Domenico\Zanetti Francesco, 1580. Municipal Library of Trento
URBANO I, santo
di Federico Fatti
Enciclopedia dei Papi
(2000)
I soli dati storici sicuri relativi a U. si riducono a quanto attesta Eusebio nell'Historia ecclesiastica: successe a Callisto nel 222, e fu a capo della Chiesa di Roma fino al 230, per circa otto anni. Il Catalogo Liberiano fornisce invece le date consolari 223-230 e parla di quasi nove anni di pontificato (così Eusebio nel Chronicon, che lo fa durare però erroneamente dal 224 al 235). Che fosse romano, figlio di un Ponziano, lo si ricava dal Liber pontificalis, la cui biografia è però dubbia: il testo dice infatti che U. fu papa per cinque anni e che fu confessore al tempo di Diocleziano, riferendo inoltre notizie leggendarie. Nulla si sa del suo pontificato (durante il quale proseguì lo scisma di Ippolito), ma è presumibile che abbia tratto beneficio dal clima di tolleranza che si crede instaurato da Alessandro Severo. Non ha probabilmente fondamento, comunque, la notizia del Liber secondo cui avrebbe introdotto l'uso dei vasi sacri e delle patene in argento (che Zefirino aveva voluto di vetro), il cui numero di venticinque è fatto corrispondere a quello dei tituli presbiterali di Roma. Fin dal V secolo il profilo storico di U. è stato profondamente alterato da una tradizione agiografica formatasi, come sembra, a seguito di una confusione prodottasi tra il papa e un suo omonimo romano, confessore (probabilmente al tempo della persecuzione di Decio), ricordato più volte nell'epistolario di Cipriano e nell'Historia ecclesiastica di Eusebio. Tale confusione risulta già avvenuta nella leggendaria Passio sanctae Caeciliae, ove U. compare accanto ai protagonisti della storia della santa con la qualifica di confessor. A dipendenza dalla leggenda ceciliana (forse conosciuta in una versione diversa da quella attualmente nota, ciò che spiegherebbe alcune incongruenze) è dovuta l'attribuzione al pontefice nel Liber pontificalis della medesima qualifica, nonché del merito della conversione di Valeriano "sposo di santa Cecilia". Intendono completare il racconto della Passio i tardi Acta di U. (forse del IX secolo), che fanno del papa senz'altro un martire. Nella biografia di U. riportata dal Liber pontificalis il pontefice risulta morto il 19 maggio e sepolto nel cimitero di Pretestato sulla via Appia. Altre fonti scritte riferiscono il medesimo luogo di sepoltura: l'itinerario Notitia ecclesiarum ("intrabis in speluncam magnam et invenies sanctum Urbanum episcopum et confessorem") e lo stesso Liber pontificalis alla biografia di Adriano I, ricordando i restauri del pontefice a Pretestato. Sulla base di questi documenti G.B. de Rossi e F. Tolotti hanno cercato di individuare, nell'area della galleria detta "spelunca magna" della catacomba di Pretestato, il sepolcro del pontefice. Sulla scorta di una prima ipotesi del de Rossi, Tolotti localizza la tomba di U. in un vasto ambiente quadrato della "spelunca" (Ax), che, per una suggestiva coincidenza, corrisponde al luogo in cui U. fu sepolto secondo la descrizione riportata dagli Acta del martire ("ingens antrum quadratum et firmissimae fabricae, marmoreis tabulis omni ex parte conglutinas [Marmenia] contexit parietem"). L'identificazione del sepolcro del pontefice nel cubicolo Ax resta tuttavia ancora problematica, in considerazione del fatto che nell'ambiente sono assenti quegli elementi strutturali normalmente legati alla monumentalizzazione e, soprattutto, al culto di una tomba venerata. La presenza della tomba di U. nel cimitero di Pretestato è d'altra parte negata da L. Duchesne nell'edizione del Liber pontificalis (I, p. 143), il quale ritiene che il papa sia stato confuso con un santo omonimo di quel cimitero. La tesi di Duchesne si fonda essenzialmente sul rinvenimento di un epitaffio sepolcrale che cita un "vescovo Urbano" nella cripta dei papi della catacomba di Callisto (Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae, nr. 10664) e sulla presenza del nome di U. nella lista di vescovi sepolti nello stesso ambiente iscritta su una lastra marmorea commissionata dal pontefice Sisto III (ibid., nr. 9516). Tuttavia l'epitaffio era stato già riferito da G. Wilpert non a U. romano, ma ad un vescovo straniero e alla stessa conclusione era giunto G.B. de Rossi che, ordinando la lista dei nomi dei pontefici, aveva riscontrato nell'elenco una successione dei vescovi stranieri a quelli romani, sistemando Urbanus nel secondo gruppo. È da rilevare infine che il nome di U. non compare nella Depositio episcoporum contenuta nel Cronografo del 354 e che nel Martyrologium Hieronymianum alla data del 19 maggio (quella cioè indicata nel Liber pontificalis come il "dies natalis" del pontefice) il luogo di sepoltura di un U. (senza ulteriore specificazione) risulta essere il cimitero di Callisto, mentre alla data del 25 maggio un U. vescovo è venerato nella catacomba di Pretestato. Del tutto leggendaria è la notizia del Martyrologium Romanum, che, a seguito dei martirologi storici medievali, ricorda al 25 maggio il "dies natalis" di U. papa e martire, autore della conversione di Valeriano, decapitato durante la persecuzione di Alessandro Severo. L'incertezza circa la reale identità di U. non consente di appurare se davvero siano appartenute al papa le reliquie che Pasquale I fece traslare nella chiesa di S. Cecilia in Trastevere, prendendole, come sembra, dal cimitero di Pretestato, parte delle quali fu poi donata da Niccolò I ai messi di Carlo il Calvo, che nell'862 le portarono ad Auxerre. Per effetto di una ulteriore confusione con un omonimo vescovo di Langres (V secolo), al quale una leggendaria Vita del X secolo attribuisce il potere di far piovere e quindi la fecondità delle vigne, U. è considerato, in area francese e tedesca, il patrono delle vigne e dei vignaioli, culto al quale sono dovute rappresentazioni del pontefice con l'attributo del grappolo d'uva, assente nell'iconografia italiana. È apocrifa l'epistola riportata a suo nome compresa nella collezione delle false decretali pseudoisidoriane. Il Calendarium Romanum ne celebra la memoria il 25 maggio.
Fonti e Bibl.: Acta martyrii per Notarios Romanae
Ecclesiae conscripta, in Acta Sanctorum [...], Maii, VI, Antverpiae 1688, pp.
11-4; Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina [...], I-II, Bruxellis 1898-1901: I, p.
224 Caecilia (1495); II, pp. 1212-13 Urbanus (8372-8392); Eusebius, Historia
ecclesiastica VI, 21, 2; 23, 3; 43, 6 per l'U. confessore, a cura di E.
Schwartz, Leipzig 1908 (Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller. Eusebius
Werke, II, 2), pp. 566-68, 570, 614-16; H. Delehaye, Commentarius perpetuus in
Martyrologium Hieronymianum [...], in Acta Sanctorum Novembris [...], II, pars
posterior, Bruxellis 1931, pp. (261) 262, (271) 273; Passio sanctae Caeciliae,
in H. Delehaye, Étude sur le Légendier Romain. Les Saints de novembre et de
décembre, ivi 1936, pp. 194-220; Martyrologium Romanum [...] scholiis
historicis instructum, in Propylaeum ad Acta Sanctorum Decembris, ivi 1940, p.
(206) 207; Le Liber pontificalis, a cura di L. Duchesne, I-II, Paris 1955; III,
a cura di C. Vogel, ivi 1957: I, pp. XCIII-XCIV, CCXLVI-CCXLVII, pp. 4 e 5
(Catalogo Liberiano), pp. 62 e 63, 143-44 (Urbanus), p. 509 (Hadrianus); II, p.
56 (Paschalis); III, p. 74; Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, a cura di Ph.
Jaffé-G. Wattenbach-S. Loewenfeld-F. Kaltenbrunner-P. Ewald, I, Graz 1956
(rist. anast. dell'ediz. Lipsiae 1885²), nr. 87, pp. 13-4, per l'epistola
apocrifa; Eusebius, Chronicon, ad a. 225, a cura di R. Helm, Berlin 1984³ (Die
Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller. Eusebius Werke, VII), p. 215;
Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina, Novum Supplementum, a cura di H. Fros,
Bruxellis 1986, p. 172 Caecilia (1495), p. 846 Urbanus (8376-8390b); Cyprianus,
Epistulae, 49, 51, 53, 54, a cura di G.F. Diercks, Turnholti 1994 (Corpus
Christianorum, Series Latina, 3B), pp. 231-37, 240-42, 250, 251-55;
Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae. Nova series, IV, a cura di G.B. de
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Glorie, in Itineraria et alia geographica, a cura di P. Geyer, Turnholti 1965
(Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, 175), p. 293 (Pittacia X, 83/84; Olea,
84), p. 308 (Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae 21,106-107), p. 317 (De locis
sanctis martyrum 12,61), p. 327 (Itinerarium Malmesburiense 10,75), p. 331
(Itinerarium Einsidlense, itin. 7); G.B. de Rossi, La Roma sotterranea
cristiana, II, Roma 1867, pp. XX-XXI, XXIII-XXV, XLI, 24, 33-48, 51-4, 132,
148-52, tav. II, 3; H. Quentin, Les Martyrologes historiques du Moyen-Âge,
Paris 1908, pp. 44, 102, 334, 428, 482; G. Wilpert, La cripta dei papi e la
cappella di Santa Cecilia nel cimitero di Callisto, Roma 1910, pp. 15, 17-8,
25, 33-4, tav. II, 8; E. Caspar, Geschichte des Papsttums, I, Tübingen 1930,
pp. 23, 35, 42, 46, 48; P. Allard, Storia critica delle persecuzioni, I,
Firenze 1931, pp. 393-94, 399-401; II, ivi 1935, p. 186; E. Josi, Il cimitero
di Callisto, Roma 1933, pp. 20-1; H. Delehaye, Étude sur le Légendier Romain.
Les Saints de novembre et de décembre, Bruxelles 1936, pp. 80-1; C. Grelier,
L'Église et le culte de Saint Urbain, "Société d'Émulation de la
Vendée", 1961-62, pp. 13-8; J. Dubois, Le Martyrologe d'Usuard, Bruxelles
1965 (Subsidia hagiographica, 40), p. 234; W. Lühmann, St. Urban. Beiträge zur
Vita und Legende, zum Brauchtum und zur Ikonographie, Würzburg 1968; J.
Zeiller, in Storia della Chiesa, a cura di A. Fliche-V. Martin, II, Torino
1972³, pp. 560, 581; F. Tolotti, Ricerca dei luoghi venerati nella Spelunca
Magna di Pretestato, "Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana", 53, 1977,
pp. 7-102. V. inoltre le seguenti voci: Vies des Saints et des Bienheureux, V,
Paris 1947, s.v., p. 485; Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, XV, 2, ivi
1950, s.v., coll. 2268-69; E.C., XII, s.v., coll. 904-05; A. Amore-M.C.
Celletti, Urbano I, in B.S., XII, coll. 837-40, 840-41; Lexikon für Theologie
und Kirche, X, Freiburg 1986², s.v., coll. 541-42; J.N.D. Kelly, The Oxford
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© Istituto della
Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani - Riproduzione riservata
SOURCE : https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-urbano-i_(Enciclopedia-dei-Papi)/
