Saint Serge de Radonège
Ermite, fondateur du
monastère de la Trinité-Saint-Serge (+ 1392)
Né à Rostov au nord de
Moscou, le jeune Barthélémy (le futur moine Serge) émigre à Radonège avec les
siens, fuyant l'avance des Tatares. Le garçon, peu doué pour les études, ne
rêve que de vie monastique. A la mort de ses parents, il se retire avec son frère
aîné dans la forêt pour y vivre en ermite au milieu des loups et des ours. Les
deux frères bâtissent une chapelle dédiée à la Sainte Trinité. Avec le temps,
l'ermitage devient un monastère (le monastère de la Sainte Trinité), peuplé de
moines vivant une pauvreté radicale dans une grande liberté. Le patriarche de
Constantinople dont dépend alors la Russie, impose à Serge l'adoption de la
Règle cénobitique du Studion, qui instaure entre les moines une vie commune
plus stricte. Serge se soumet à regret. Il ne reste pas confiné dans son
monastère. Il se sent responsable de son pays en pleine ébullition politique.
Les princes sollicitent ses conseils et ses prières. En 1380, il bénit le
grand-prince Dimitri de Moscou avant la bataille de Koulikovo qui inaugure la
fin du joug mongol en Russie. On pourrait la comparer en France à la bataille
de Poitiers sur les Musulmans. Il mène encore des missions de conciliation
entre les princes russes et fonde de nombreux autres monastères. Le monastère
de la Trinité Saint Serge, à 70 km de Moscou, resta, même aux jours les plus
sombres du communisme, un grand pèlerinage et l'un des centres théologiques et
spirituels de l'Église Russe.
Il fut canonisé en 1452.
Au monastère de la Sainte
Trinité, aux environs de Moscou, en 1392, saint Serge de Radonez, qui vécut
d’abord en ermite dans des forêts sauvages, puis pratiqua la vie cénobitique et
la propagea, une fois élu higoumène, homme plein de douceur, conseiller des
princes et consolateur des fidèles.
Martyrologe romain
SOURCE : http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1447/Saint-Serge-de-Radonege.html
La Vie du Saint Père Théophore Serge de Radonège,
Thaumaturge et Protecteur de la Russie
Saint Serge naquit en 1313 à Rostov. Ses parents,
Cyrille et Marie, lui donnèrent au baptême le nom de Barthélémy. Dès le sein de
sa mère, Dieu laissa prévoir la gloire future de son serviteur. C'est ainsi
qu'une fois, au cours de la liturgie avant la lecture de l'Évangile, l'enfant
se mit à crier dans le sein de sa mère, si fort que sa voix fut entendue par
d'autres. Au moment de l'hymne des chérubins, la voix de l'enfant se mit encore
à retentir, ce qui effraya Marie. Lorsque le prêtre prononça l'ecphonèse : «Ce
qui est saint aux saints !», l'enfant poussa un cri pour la troisième fois, et
sa mère commença à pleurer. Ceux qui étaient présents à la liturgie
souhaitaient voir l'enfant; mais la mère fut contrainte de dire qu'il criait
non pas sur ses bras, mais dans son sein. Après cet événement inhabituel,
Marie, pendant toute la période de sa grossesse, ne mangeait ni viande ni lait
ni poisson; elle se nourrissait exclusivement de pain et d'eau, et vaquait à la
prière. Lorsqu'il eut sept ans, on envoya l'enfant étudier. Or, contrairement à
ses frères Etienne et Pierre qui apprenaient bien, Barthélémy éprouvait des
difficultés. Le maître le punissait, ses camarades se moquaient de lui, ses
parents le réprimandaient; mais Barthélémy, malgré toute sa bonne volonté, ne
parvenait pas à apprendre. C'est alors que se produisit le même phénomène
qu'avec Saül. Un jour, alors que son père l'avait envoyé au champ chercher des
chevaux, Barthélémy aperçut un moine âgé sous un chêne, qui priait en versant
des larmes. Le jeune garçon s'approcha doucement, attendant la fin de la prière
du staretz, qui lui dit: «Que te faut-il, mon enfant?» Barthélémy répondit: «Je
ne puis apprendre malgré mes efforts. Prie Dieu pour moi, saint père, pour que
je puisse apprendre les lettres». Le staretz, en prononçant une prière, donna
un morceau de prosphore à l'enfant et lui dit: «Ne t'afflige point. A partir de
ce jour, le Seigneur te donnera la compréhension des lettres!» Alors que le
staretz voulait sortir, Barthélémy tomba à ses pieds et lui demanda de visiter
la maison de ses parents. Il ajouta: «Mes parents aiment fort les personnes
semblables à toi, Père». L'Ancien, en souriant, se rendit à la maison des
parents de l'enfant, qui le reçurent avec grande considération. Ils le prièrent
de partager leur repas, puis le staretz entra dans la chapelle familiale.
Prenant l'enfant avec lui, le vieux moine lui ordonna de lire les heures.
Cependant, Barthélémy, troublé, répondit qu'il ne pouvait pas lire. Le staretz
réintima l'ordre, et l'enfant, ayant pris sa bénédiction, commença à lire le
psautier correctement et distinctement, à l'étonnement général. A table, les
parents racontèrent au moine ce qui s'était produit à l'église quand l'enfant
était encore dans le sein de sa mère. Le staretz, avant de se séparer d'eux,
dit ces paroles énigmatiques: «Cet enfant va devenir la demeure de la Sainte
Trinité, et amènera une multitude à la compréhension de Sa volonté». Après
cela, Barthélémy commença à fréquenter avec ardeur l'église et à lire la sainte Écriture. Après un certain temps, alors qu'il était âgé de douze ans, il se mit
à observer une stricte tempérance, s'abstenant de toute nourriture le mercredi
et le vendredi et se contentant, les autres jours, de pain sec et d'eau. En
raison de certains malheurs qui le frappèrent à Rostov, le père de Barthélémy,
Cyrille, partit à Radonège avec sa famille. Là, Barthélémy continua son ascèse.
Alors que ses deux frères s'étaient mariés, il demanda à ses parents la
permission de s'engager dans la vie monastique. Ceux-ci le prièrent d'ajourner
son désir jusqu'à leur mort. Cependant, peu de temps après, ils entrèrent
eux-mêmes au monastère et décédèrent bientôt. Pendant quarante jours,
Barthélémy pria sur leur tombe, nourrit les pauvres et fit servir des offices
de requiem. Ensuite, il fit don de ses biens à son frère cadet Pierre et décida
d'accomplir son désir. Son frère aîné Etienne, dont la femme était décédée,
effectua sa profession monastique au monastère de Khotov, où ses parents
étaient enterrés. Barthélémy, qui souhaitait une profonde solitude, convainquit
Etienne de rechercher un endroit qui conviendrait mieux à la vie ascétique. Ils
cheminèrent longtemps dans les forêts, puis trouvèrent un endroit approvisionné
en eau et éloigné des chemins battus, à dix verstes de Radonège et de Khotov.
Ils bâtirent une cellule avec une petite église. Le frère cadet, obéissant à
l'aîné, demanda en quel nom serait construite l'église. Barthélémy, se
rappelant les paroles du staretz, répondit qu'il convenait de dédier l'église à
la Sainte Trinité. Le frère cadet dit alors que telle était aussi sa pensée.
L'église fut consacrée avec la bénédiction du métropolite Théognoste. Ayant
demandé à l'higoumène Métrophane de venir, Barthélémy reçut la tonsure
monastique avec le nom de Serge. Il avait alors vingt-quatre ans (1337).
Etienne, quant à lui, parti peu de temps après au monastère de la Theophanie à
Moscou.
Et voici que Serge se trouva seul dans cette forêt, où
les loups hurlaient près de sa cellule. Les ours aussi s'approchaient du lieu
où vivait le saint. Une fois, Serge s'aperçut qu'un ours n'était pas tant
féroce qu'affamé, et il commença à éprouver de la pitié pour cet animal, puis
lui donna de la nourriture. Le fauve s'éprit du père et vint souvent recevoir de
lui sa pitance. Le saint la lui donnait à chaque fois, partageait son dernier
morceau de pain avec cet animal, et allait même jusqu'à se priver de nourriture
pour lui. Saint Serge resta seul pendant trois ans jusqu'à ce que des zélateurs
de la piété commencent à lui demander de vivre sous sa direction spirituelle.
Peu à peu, douze frères se rassemblèrent, et chacun d'entre eux construisit sa
propre cellule. L'office de minuit, les matines, les heures, les vêpres et les
complies étaient quotidiennement célébrées à l'église. Pour la célébration de
la liturgie, les frères appelaient un prêtre de l'extérieur, car il n'y en
avait pas encore parmi eux. Enfin, l'higoumène Métrophane, qui avait tonsuré
Serge, vint vivre avec eux. Mais, peu de temps après, cet ancien mourut. Quant
à Serge, il ne voulait pas, par humilité, devenir higoumène. Les frères se
réunirent alors, vinrent voir le saint et lui dirent: «Père, nous ne pouvons
vivre sans higoumène, et nous souhaitons que ce soit toi qui remplisses cette
fonction. Ainsi, lorsque nous viendrons te révéler nos péchés, nous recevrons
des enseignements et l'absolution. Il convient également que la liturgie soit
célébrée et que nous recevions les saints Mystères de tes pures mains».
Cependant Serge refusa et, quelques jours après, la communauté se réunit de
nouveau chez le saint, en le priant d'accepter la charge d'higoumène. «Il ne
m'appartient pas d'accomplir le ministère angélique; il m'appartient de pleurer
mes péchés», répondit-il. Les frères pleurèrent et dirent enfin: «Si tu ne veux
pas prendre soin de nos âmes, nous serons contraints de quitter ce lieu, nous
errerons alors comme des brebis égarées, et tu devras en répondre devant Dieu.»
«Je préfère me soumettre que de commander, dit Serge; mais, craignant le jugement
de Dieu, je laisse ce problème à la volonté du Seigneur». Prenant avec lui deux
des moines les plus âgés, il se rendit à Péréïaslavl, chez Athanase, l'évêque
de Volynie, auquel S. Alexis, alors à Constantinople, avait remis les affaires
du diocèse métropolitain.
En 1354, Serge fut ordonné prêtre et élevé au rang
d'higoumène par l'évêque Athanase. Il célébrait quotidiennement la sainte
liturgie, et arrivait le premier à l'église pour chaque office. Il fabriquait
lui-même les cierges et les prosphores, ne permettant jamais à quiconque de
participer à cette dernière tâche. Pendant trois ans, le nombre des moines
resta identique, le premier qui fit augmenter ce nombre fut l'archimandrite
Simon de Smolensk, qui préférait obéir à S. Serge plutôt que commander ailleurs.
Le soir après les complies, et sauf en cas de besoin
urgent, nul n'avait l'autorisation de se rendre dans la cellule d'un autre
moine. Car les heures de la nuit devaient être réservées à Dieu seul. Le reste
du temps, ils restaient dans le silence à alterner la prière et le travail
manuel. A la fin de la prière que les frères devaient accomplir dans leur
cellule, le saint faisait secrètement le tour de celles-ci. S'il entendait de
vaines conversations ou des rires, il frappait à la fenêtre pour les faire
cesser et s'en allait tout triste. Le matin, il réunissait les fautifs, et «de
loin», à l'aide de paraboles et sur un ton humble et doux, il les instruisait.
Il n'employait une sévérité toute mesurée que pour ceux qui refusaient de faire
pénitence et persistaient dans leurs fautes. Il aimait tant la pauvreté qu'il
institua comme règle stricte de ne jamais faire de quête au profit du
monastère: quels que soient ses besoins. Le dépouillement était extrême dans la
communauté: On s'éclairait avec des tisons pour l'office, et les livres étaient
faits en écorce de bouleau. Un jour, le monastère se trouva réduit à une si
extrême misère qu'on ne pouvait plus y trouver ni pain ni eau. Après avoir
passé trois jours sans nourriture, Serge se rendit chez le frère Daniel et lui
dit: «J'ai entendu que tu voudrais construire une entrée devant ta cellule. Je
te la construirai afin que mes mains ne restent pas oisives. Cela ne te coûtera
pas cher, je veux du pain avarié et tu en as.» Daniel lui apporta donc des morceaux
de pain moisis qu'il avait chez lui. «Garde-les, lui dit le saint, jusqu'à la
neuvième heure; je ne prends pas de salaire avant d'avoir travaillé». Ayant
achevé son travail, Serge pria, bénit le pain, en mangea, puis but de l'eau, ce
qui constitua son repas. En raison de l'absence de nourriture, les frères
commencèrent à manifester leur mécontentement: «Nous mourons de faim», dirent
les faibles, «et tu ne permets pas de demander l'aumône. Demain, nous partirons
d'ici, chacun de son côté, et nous ne reviendrons plus ! » Le saint les
persuada alors de ne pas affaiblir leur espoir en Dieu. «Je crois, dit-il, que
Dieu ne délaissera pas les habitants de ce lieu». A ce moment, on entendit
quelqu'un frapper à la porte. Le portier vit que l'on avait apporté beaucoup de
pains. Il accourut tout joyeux, et dit à l'higoumène: «Père, on nous a apporté
beaucoup de pains. Donne-nous ta bénédiction afin que nous les prenions! » Le
saint ordonna de laisser entrer les bienfaiteurs, et convia tous les frères à
table, ayant au préalable célébré un office d'action de grâces. «Où sont ceux
qui nous ont apporté ces dons ?» demanda-t-il. «Nous les avons invites à table
et leur avons demandé qui les avait envoyés», répondit le moine, «et ils nous
dirent que c'était quelqu'un qui aime le Christ, qui les avait envoyés; mais
que, ayant une autre tâche accomplir, ils devaient partir».
Une autre fois, le saint, tard dans la soirée, priait
pour les frères de son monastère. Soudain, il entendit une voix lui dire:
«Serge! » Ayant terminé une prière, il ouvrit la fenêtre et aperçut une lumière
inhabituelle qui descendait du ciel, et la voix continua: «Serge ! Le Seigneur
a entendu la prière pour tes enfants; vois quelle multitude s'est rassemblée
autour de toi au nom de la Sainte Trinité». Alors, le saint vit une multitude
d'oiseaux merveilleux, volant non seulement dans le monastère, mais également
tout autour. «Ainsi, poursuivit la voix, se multipliera le nombre de tes
disciples et il ne te manquera point de successeurs pour marcher sur tes
traces».
Peu de temps après, le patriarche Philothée fit
parvenir au saint une croix et encore d'autres présents avec une lettre, dont
voici le contenu : «Par la Miséricorde Divine, l'archevêque de Constantinople,
patriarche œcuménique, Philothée, à Serge, fils dans le Saint-Esprit et
concélébrant de notre humble personne. Que la grâce, la paix et notre
bénédiction soient avec vous tous! Nous avons entendu parler de ta vie
vertueuse, nous l'approuvons, et nous en glorifions Dieu. Mais il te manque une
chose: la vie commune (cénobitique). Tu sais, Père très semblable au Christ,
que le parent de Dieu, le prophète David, qui saisissait tout par son esprit,
loua la vie commune. «Qu'y a-t-il de meilleur et de plus beau pour des frères
gue de vivre ensemble» ? (Ps 132). Pour cela, je vais vous donner un conseil
utile: instituez le cénobitisme. Que la miséricorde de Dieu et notre
bénédiction soient avec vous! » Suivant le conseil du patriarche, le saint,
avec la bénédiction du métropolite Alexis, introduisit la vie commune intégrale
dans son monastère. Il construisit les bâtiments nécessaires, définit les
devoirs propres à cette vie, et ordonna que toute chose soit commune,
interdisant d'avoir sa propriété ou d'appeler quelque chose «sien». Le nombre
des disciples s'accrut alors et l'abondance régna au monastère. On introduisit
l'hospitalité, on nourrit les pauvres et on donna l'aumône à ceux qui le
demandaient. Saint Serge s'était soumis à ce conseil du patriarche par esprit
d'obéissance. Bien qu'il demeurât amant de la solitude, il accepta d'assumer
cette forme plus rigide de direction, sans cesser pourtant d'être un père et un
éducateur plutôt qu'un administrateur. Mais il devait bientôt subir de cruelles
épreuves. Un samedi, le saint se trouvait dans le sanctuaire, célébrant les
vêpres. Son frère, revenu au monastère, demanda au canonarque: «Qui t'a donné
ce livre ?» «L'higoumène», répondit celui-ci. «Qui est higoumène ici ?»
répondit à son tour Etienne, avec colère. «N'ai-je pas fondé ce lieu en premier
?» A ceci, il ajouta de violentes paroles. Le saint entendait tout cela dans le
sanctuaire, et il comprit que cette manifestation de mécontentement était due
en fait au nouvel ordre qui régnait dans le monastère. Mécontents du
cénobitisme, certains quittèrent en secret le monastère, et d'autres
souhaitaient ne plus avoir Serge pour higoumène. Le saint, laissant ceux qui
voulaient vivre selon leur volonté face à leur conscience, ne rentra même pas
dans sa cellule, mais s'éloigna du monastère. Les meilleurs moines étaient inquiets,
mais pensaient encore que Serge reviendrait. Toutefois, leur attente fut déçue.
Le saint s'installa à Kirjatch. Sur la demande de certains, saint Alexis
dépêcha une délégation auprès de saint Serge, afin qu'il revînt au monastère où
il était si utile. Mais saint Alexis, sentant sa mort prochaine, souhaitait
trouver en la personne de Serge son successeur. Il le fit venir chez, lui fit
cadeau de sa croix épiscopale. Mais saint Serge, par humilité, la refusa en
disant: «Pardonne-moi, Seigneur, mais depuis mon enfance je n'ai jamais porté
d'or et maintenant, je souhaite d'autant plus rester dans le dépouillement».
«Je le sais, bien-aimé, mais accepte par obéissance!» répondit Alexis. Ce
faisant, il lui passa la croix autour du cou et lui annonça qu'il le désignait
comme son successeur. «Pardonne-moi, vénéré pasteur, mais tu veux me charger
d'un fardeau qui dépasse mes forces. Tu ne trouveras pas en moi ce que tu
cherches. Je suis le plus pécheur et le pire de tous.»
Lorsque les hordes tatares déferlèrent sur la terre
russe, et alors que la population était effrayée, le grand Duc Dimitri
Ioannovitch, qui avait une grande foi en saint Serge, lui demanda s'il devait
entrer en guerre contre les impies Tatares. Le saint bénit le grand Duc pour
entrer en guerre et lui dit: «Avec l'aide de Dieu, tu seras victorieux et tu
sortiras de la bataille sain et sauf et couvert d'honneurs.». Au moment de la
bataille de Koulikovo*, le saint était en prière avec ses frères et parlait du
déroulement heureux des combats. Il citait même les noms de ceux qui tombaient,
faisant une prière pour eux. Conformément à la prédiction de saint Serge, le
grand Duc remporta la célèbre victoire de Koulikovo, qui constituait le début
de la délivrance du joug tatare.
Une nuit, alors que saint Serge chantait l'Acathiste à
la Mère de Dieu et lui adressait de ferventes prières pour le monastère devant
son icône, il s'interrompit un instant pour dire à son disciple Michée: «Sois
vigilant, mon enfant, car nous allons recevoir une visite miraculeuse!» A peine
avait-il prononcé ces paroles qu'il entendit une voix: «La Très Pure arrive! »
Il se précipita à l'entrée de sa cellule et, soudain, une lumière inhabituelle
l'entoura, plus éclatante encore que le soleil. Il vit la Très Sainte Mère de
Dieu, accompagnée des Apôtres Pierre et Jean, rayonnante d'une gloire
indescriptible. Le saint se prosterna à terre, mais la Mère de Dieu le toucha
de sa main et dit: «Ne crains point, mon élu! Je suis venue te visiter, car
j'ai entendu ta prière pour tes disciples et pour ce lieu. Dorénavant je ne
quitterai pas ton monastère, durant ta vie comme après ta mort, et je le
protégerai». Après cela, le saint resta sans sommeil toute la nuit, méditant
avec piété sur la miséricorde céleste.
Six mois avant son trépas, le saint, appelant sa
communauté, la recommanda à Nicon, et se consacra lui-même à la solitude et à
la prière. En septembre, il pressentit la maladie, appela de nouveau les frères
et leur donna à tous ses dernières instructions. Il mourut le 25 septembre 1391,
à l'âge de 78 ans.
* Bataille décisive pour la Russie, que l'on peut
comparer à la bataille de Poitiers en France.
Macaire, moine de Simonos Petras
"Le Synaxaire. Vies des Saints de l'Eglise
Orthodoxe"
Editions "To Perivoli tis Panaghias", © S. M.
Simonos Petras, Mont Athos
SOURCE : http://www.orthodoxa.org/FR/orthodoxie/synaxaire/StSergeRadonege.htm
_2.jpg)
San Sergio di Radonež
Sergius
of Radonezh vita icon, XVII c., Yaroslavl museum
Сергий
Радонежский с житием. Школа или худ. центр: Ярославль. Середина XVII в. 176 ×
113 см. Ярославский историко-архитектурный и художественный музей заповедник,
Ярославль, Россия. Инв. И-394. http://www.icon-art.info/masterpiece.php?mst_id=1139&where=library
Saint
Serge de Radonège + 1392
Ermite, fondateur de la Laure
de la Sainte Trinité-Saint-Serge (+ 1392)
Serguiev Posad - Сергиев
Посад (appelé Zagorsk - Загорск à l'époque soviétique), à 75 km au nord de
Moscou
Ce monastère fondé dans
les années 1340 par saint Serge, eut un rayonnement exceptionnel jusqu'au XXe
siècle.
En 1920, la laure est
fermée par les bolchéviques et ne sera réouverte qu'après le IIe guerre
mondiale : « cadeau » de Staline à l'Église
Le monastère de la
Trinité Saint Serge, resta même aux jours les plus sombres du soviétisme un
grand lieu de pèlerinage et l'un des centres théologiques et spirituels de
l'Église russe.
1919 - Profanation des
reliques de saint Serge de Radonège YOU
TUBE
Né à Rostov au nord de
Moscou, le jeune Barthélémy (le futur moine Serge) émigre à Radonège avec les
siens, fuyant l'avance des Tatares. Le garçon, peu doué pour les études, ne
rêve que de vie monastique. A la mort de ses parents, il se retire avec son frère
aîné dans la forêt pour y vivre en ermite au milieu des loups et des
ours.
Les deux frères bâtissent
une chapelle dédiée à la Sainte Trinité. Avec le temps, l'ermitage devient un
monastère (le monastère de la Sainte Trinité), peuplé de moines vivant une
pauvreté radicale dans une grande liberté. Le patriarche de Constantinople dont
dépend alors la Russie, impose à Serge l'adoption de la Règle cénobitique du
Studion, qui instaure entre les moines une vie commune plus stricte. Serge se
soumet à regret. Il ne reste pas confiné dans son monastère. Il se sent
responsable de son pays en pleine ébullition politique. Les princes sollicitent
ses conseils et ses prières.
En 1380, il bénit le
grand-prince Dimitri de Moscou avant la bataille de Koulikovo qui inaugure la
fin du joug mongol en Russie. On pourrait la comparer en France à la bataille
de Poitiers sur les Musulmans. Il mène encore des missions de conciliation entre
les princes russes et fonde de nombreux autres monastères.
Il fut canonisé en
1452.
"Rencontre de
Barthélémy avec le moine", par Mikhail Nesterov (1890).
Сведения
по делу о вскрытии большевиками мощей Св. Сергия Преподобного (Радонежского) в
Троицко-Сергиевской Лавре, близ Москвы.
YOU
TUBE
В № 82 издаваемой в
Москве газеты Российской коммунистической партии "Правда" от 16
апреля 1919 года приведён протокол вскрытия мощей Сергия Радонежского .
Произошло это кощунственное святотатство 11 апреля 1919 года, а статья в
"Правде"называлась "Святые чудеса".
Протокол этот, надо
заметить, судя по содержанию носит официальный характер и начинается с
перечисления всех присутствующих при этом лиц. Всё это большевики,
представители партии коммунистов, члены "технической комиссии по вскрытию
мощей", представители волостей, уездов и врачей (доктора медицины
Ю.А.Гвоздикова и доктора И.П. Попова) представителей духовенства и пр.
Ровно в 20час.50 мин. По
приказанию председателя Сергиевского исполкома - финна Ванханена, один из
иеромонахов (Иона) и игумен Лавры, вынуждены были под дулами пистолетов
приступить к кощунственному акту вскрытия мощей одного из наиболее чтимых
святых угодников Православной церкви. Им пришлось в течении двух часов
разбирать покровы и мощи Св.Сергия, который более пятисот лет тому назад
благословлял русский народ на борьбу с татарским игом во имя спасения и
объединения России. У стен монастыря собралась огромная толпа, а в самом храме
народ спешил в последний раз приложиться к святым мощам, слышались возгласы
"Мы веровали и будем веровать!".
В это время в пределе
храма устанавливались камеры кинематографа, стали щёлкать фотоаппараты и не
смотря на протесты народа, кощунственный акт вскрытия мощей был приведён в
исполнение.
В 22час. 30мин. позорное
дело было закончено, а протокол был скреплён 50 подписями. В нём есть отметка,
что вскрытие сопровождалось киносъёмкой.
Мы приводим только один
случай подобного вандализма и надругания над святыней, но их множество. В то же
время были вскрыты мощи преп. Тихона Задонского в Ельце и Митрофания
Воронежского при большом скоплении народа. Красноармейцы эти мощи надевали на
штыки, производили кощунства и надругательства. В Ярославле были вскрыты мощи
благоверных князей Василия и Константина, а в Спасском монастыре князя Фёдора и
его чад Давида и Константина. Всем руководили местные комиссары. Советские
"Известия"пишут об извлечении мощей в соборе св.Софии в Новгороде.
Священников, отказывавшихся от заявлений, что "якобы кости сгнили",
большевики расстреливали на месте.
Rédigé par Parlons
d'orthodoxie le 8 Octobre 2013 à 05:30
SOURCE : http://www.egliserusse.eu/blogdiscussion/Saint-Serge-de-Radonege-1392_a304.html
San Sergio di Radonež
Стеллецкий
Дмитрий Семенович. Икона Святого Сергия
Dmitry
Stelletski Icon of Sergius of Radonezh
Boris
ZAÏTSEV : Saint Serge de Radonège
Bibliographie des
œuvres de Boris Zaïtsev et en russe Boris
ZAÏTZEFF
Plus de six cents ans se sont écoulés depuis la naissance de saint Serge1, plus
de cinq cents depuis sa mort. Sa vie calme, sainte et pure, a duré près d’un
siècle. Le modeste adolescent, qui s’appelait d’abord Barthélemy et qui prit
plus tard le nom de Serge, devint une des plus grandes gloires de la Russie.
Par sa sainteté, Serge est grand pour l’univers, car il a vécu pour l’humanité
entière. Mais son harmonie parfaite avec son peuple, ce qu’il y a de typique
dans sa nature, qui réunit les traits disséminés du caractère russe, lui
donnent quelque chose de particulièrement émouvant pour nous.
De là proviennent la vénération tout exceptionnelle dont il est entouré en
Russie et la canonisation tacite dont il a été l’objet, et par laquelle le peuple
russe le reconnaît pour son saint par excellence ; privilège que personne
d’autre ne partage avec lui.
Saint Serge vivait aux temps du joug tartare. Il n’en souffrait pas
personnellement : les forêts de Radonège l’en préservaient. Mais il n’est pas resté
indifférent à l’oppression tartare. Tout ermite qu’il fût, il n’en éleva pas
moins la croix pour la Russie avec la résolution calme qui caractérisait tous
ses actes ; il bénit Dimitri Donskoï, en l’envoyant à la bataille de Koulikovo2
qui, grâce à son geste, a gardé un sens symboliquement mystique jusqu’à nos
jours.
Par ce combat avec le
khan mongol où s’engagèrent les Russes, le nom de Serge est resté lié à jamais
à l’œuvre de la construction de la Russie.
Aussi bien était-il doué pour l’action comme pour la contemplation. Cinq
siècles ont considéré son œuvre comme la juste cause.
Tous ceux qui venaient vénérer ses reliques à la Laure (couvent de la
Sainte-Trinité et de saint Serge) y étaient émus par la simplicité et la
sainteté qui y régnaient. L’esprit héroïque du moyen âge qui donna naissance à
tant de sainteté se manifestait là.
Rien de plus naturel que de juger d’une société et d’une époque d’après leur
manière d’apprécier un homme comme celui-là.
Saint Serge est un ennemi
pour tous ceux qui haïssent le Christ, qui s’affirment en niant la vérité. Ils
sont nombreux de notre temps où les « déchirures » du monde sont devenues si
grandes. Les Tartares, s’ils s’étaient approchés de son couvent, ne l’auraient
probablement pas attaqué ; ils savaient respecter la religion. Le métropolite
Pierre (contemporain de saint Serge) avait obtenu une charte de protection pour
le clergé russe de la part du khan Ouzbec.
Mais notre siècle s’est cru en droit de démolir la Laure, d’insulter les
reliques du saint. Pourtant il est hors de son pouvoir d’obscurcir son image.
Ceux qui habitent les environs du couvent ont déjà créé une légende, d’après
laquelle les reliques authentiques se seraient enfoncées dans la terre : le
saint se serait ainsi éloigné de ce monde grossier, comme il l’avait fait
jadis, dans l’expectative de temps meilleurs.
Qu’on le croie ou non, il reste indiscutable que l’image de Serge, après la
profanation de ses reliques, répand une lumière encore plus pure et plus
attirante. Le Christ a vaincu après sa crucifixion. B.Z. SUITE
Parmi les livres qui donnent un aperçu de la spiritualité orthodoxe, le Roseau
d’Or a choisi pour ses lecteurs l’ouvrage de M. Boris Zaïtzeff (1881-1971), qui
présente une des figures les plus populaires de la piété russe. Il importe en
effet que le public occidental soit informé sur ces questions par des documents
authentiques, lui procurant une connaissance directe. (N. D. E. 1927)
Rédigé par Parlons
D'orthodoxie le 18 Juillet 2020 à 06:30 | 0
commentaire | Permalien
SOURCE : https://www.egliserusse.eu/blogdiscussion/Boris-ZAITSEV-Saint-Serge-de-Radonege_a3847.html
Saint Sergius of Moscow
Also
known as
Sergius of Radonezh
Sergius of Radonez
Bartholomew of….
Memorial
25
September
Profile
Born to the nobility, his
family moved to Radonezh to escape attack against the city of Rostov, losing
their fortune and becoming peasants in
the process. Following the deaths of
his parents, Sergius and his brother Stephen became hermits at
Makovka in 1335,
then each left separately to become a monk.
As Sergius’s reputation for holiness spread, he attracted so many students that
he founded the Holy Trinity monastery for
them; following his ordination at
Pereyaslav Zalesky, he served as its first abbot. His
brother joined the monastery,
but when he opposed Sergius’s strict rule, Sergius left the community to live
again as a hermit.
However, the monastery began
to decline, causing the metropolitan of Moscow to
order Sergius to return as abbot.
Advisor to the Prince of Moscow,
he encourged the campaign that ended with the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380 which
ended the Mongol domination of Russia.
In the Russia that
followed he founded forty monasteries.
Late in life he resigned his position and retired to live his last few months
as a prayerful monk.
He is venerated as the foremost saint of Russia.
Born
c.1314 near
Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia as Bartholomew
of Radonezh
Died
25
September 1392 at
the Trinity Lavra of Saint Sergius of natural causes
Canonized
1449 by Pope Nicholas
V
Patronage
Russia
Additional
Information
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
Oxford Dictionary of Saints, by David Hugh Farmer
other
sites in english
Catholic Ireland
Catholic
Online
Catholic
Online
Christian
Biographies, by James E Keifer
Independent
Catholic News
Wikipedia
images
Santi e Beati
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
fonti
in italiano
Cathopedia
Santi e Beati
Readings
O God, whose blessed Son
became poor that we through his poverty might be rich: Deliver us from an
inordinate love of this world, that we, inspired by the devotion of your servant
Sergius of Moscow, may serve you with singleness of heart, and attain to the
riches of the age to come; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy
Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.
MLA
Citation
“Saint Sergius of
Moscow“. CatholicSaints.Info. 19 November 2023. Web. 8 September 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sergius-of-moscow/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sergius-of-moscow/
San Sergio di Radonež
Vyacheslav
Klykov. Saint Sergius of Radonezh. Statue in Danube Park, Novi Sad, Serbia,
1992.
Dunavski
park u Novom Sadu - skulptura ruskog igumana Sergija Radonješkog
St. Sergius of Radonezh
Feastday: September 25
Patron: of Russia
Birth: 1314
Death: 1392
One of the foremost
Russian saints and mystics. Born to a noble family near
Rostov, he was christened Bartholomew. At the age of fifteen, he fled with
his family to
Radonezh, near Moscow, to escape a campaign against Rostov by the rulers of
Moscow. As their wealth was all but wiped out, the family became
peasant farmers until 1335 when, after the death of his parents, he and his
brother Stephen became hermits at
Makovka. Stephen left to become a monk, and Sergius received a tonsure from
a local abbot. Increasingly well-known as a profoundly spiritual figure in the
Russian wilderness, he attracted followers and eventually organized them into a
community that became the famed Holy Trinity Monastery. He was ordained at
Pereyaslav Zalesky. Serving as abbot, he thus restored the great monastic
tradition which had been destroyed some time before
during the Mongol invasions of Russia. Sergius was soon joined by Stephen, who
opposed his stern cenobitical regulations and caused Sergius to leave the
community and to become a hermit again. As his departure brought swift decline
to the monastery, Sergius was asked to return by none other
than Alexis, metropolitan of
Moscow. As he was respected by virtually every segment of society, Sergius was
consulted by Prince flirnitry Donskoi of Moscow encouraging
the ruler to embark upon the campaign against the Mongols which culminated in
the triumphant Battle of Kulikovo (1380), thus breaking the Mongol domination
of Russia, Sergius sought to build upon this victory by promoting peace among
the ever-feuding Russian princes and building monasteries; in all he founded
around forty monastic communities. In 1378 he declined the office of
Metropolitan, resigning his abbacy in 1392 and dying six months later on
September 25, Canonized in 1449, he is venerated as the fore-most saint in
Russian history.
SOURCE : https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2508
San Sergio di Radonež
Mikhail Nesterov. Vision to the Youth Bartholomew, 1889,
160 x 211, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. One of a series of works depicting the acts of
the Venerable St Sergius of Radonezh (c.1321-91), baptised Bartholomew or
Varfolomei, shown here encountering a monk who helps him learn to read by
sharing a piece of holy bread
St Sergius of Radonezh
Celebrated on September
25th
Patron of Moscow and all
Russia, Sergius was born in Rostov of a noble family in 1315, about 100 years
after the Tartars conquered Russia. His family lost everything when he was 15
years old, in the civil war between Moscow and Rostov. Forced to flee, they
settled at Radonezh, living as poor peasants 50 miles north of Moscow.
After the death of their parents, Sergius and his brother Stephen went to live
as hermits in wild forests outside the town. They built a log cabin and a tiny
wooden church dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Eventually the elder brother found
the harsh conditions and lack of food too hard to bear and left.
Sergius stayed in the wilderness and was professed a monk by a local abbot. But
his hopes of staying alone did not work out. More and more people came to him
for advice and prayers. Many begged to join him. Russian monasticism had
virtually died out under Tartar rule. The new community that grew around
Sergius was to form the nucleus of a new and vibrant religious life in Russia.
He never turned anyone away.
In 1380 Dimitri Donskoi, Prince of Moscow, came to him for advice about how to
free Russia from the brutal Tartar occupation. Sergius said that if the Russian
troops had faith, their country would be freed. Dimitri believed him and his
army was victorious over the Tartars.
The saint now devoted himself to bringing peace to the divided country,
reconciling rival factions. In 1378 he refused to be consecrated Patriarch of
Moscow.
"Since the days of my youth I have never worn gold," he said.
"Now that I am an old man, more than ever I cling to my poverty."
Sergius cared for his community and founded another 40 before he resigned as
abbot and died peacefully shortly afterwards, in 1382.
SOURCE : https://www.indcatholicnews.com/saint/280
San Sergio di Radonež
Sergei Kirillov. Sergius of Radonezh,
1992
Кириллов,
Сергей Алексеевич. «Преподобный Сергий
Радонежский
.
(Благословение). Вторая часть трилогии «Святая Русь». 1992. Х.м. 100 x 80
SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
ABBOT OF HOLY TRINITY (25
SEPT 1392)
To the people of Russia, Sergius is a national hero and an example of Russian
spiritual life at its best.
Sergius was born around
1314, the son of a farmer. When he was twenty, he and his brother began to live
as hermits in a forest near Moscow. Others joined them in what became the
Monastery of the Holy Trinity, a center for the renewal of Russian
Christianity. Pilgrims came from all Russia to worship and to receive spiritual
instruction, advice, and encouragement. The Russians were at the time largely
subservient to the neighboring (non-Christian) Tatar (or Tartar) people.
Sergius rallied the people behind Prince Dimitri Donskoi, who defeated the
Tatars in 1380 and established an independent Russia.
Sergius was a gentle man,
of winning personality. Stories told of him resemble those of Francis of
Assisi, including some that show that animals tended to trust him. He had the
ability to inspire in men an intense awareness of the love of God, and a
readiness to respond in love and obedience. He remained close to his peasant
roots. One contemporary said of him, "He has about him the smell of fir
forests." To this day, the effect of his personality on Russian devotion
remains considerable.
(The following material
is taken with minor alterations from The Lives of the Saints, by Sabine
Baring-Gould, author of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers. The reader
will note that this account was written before the Communist Revolution, at a
time when the Czar was still ruler of Russia, and the Russian Orthodox Church
was the official religion of the country.)
The name of Sergius is as
dear to every Russian's heart as that of William Tell to a Swiss, or that of
Joan of Arc to a Frenchman. He was born at Rostoff in the early part of the
14th century, and when quite young left the house of his parents, and, together
with his brother Stephen, settled himself in the dense forests of Radonege with
bears for his companions, suffering from fierce cold in winter, often from
famine. The fame of his virtues drew disciples around him. They compelled him
to go to Peryaslavla-Zalessky, to receive priestly orders from Athanasius,
Bishop of Volhynia, who lived there. Sergius built by his own labor in the
midst of the forest a rude church of timber, by the name of the Source of Life,
the Ever Blessed Trinity, which has since grown into the greatest, most
renowned and wealthy monastery in all Russia--the Troitzka (=Trinity) Abbey,
whose destiny has become inseparable from the destinies of the capital.
Princes and prelates applied to Sergius not only for advice,
but also for teachers trained in his school, who might become in their realms
and dioceses the heads of similar institutions, centers whence light and wisdom
might shine. Tartar invasion had quenched the religious fervor of the Russians:
a new era of zeal opened with the foundation of the Troitzka monastery and the
labors of Sergius. At the request of Vladimir, Athanasius, a disciple of
Sergius, founded the Visotsky monastery at Serpouchoff; and another of his
pupils, Sabbas, laid the foundation of the convent of Svenigorod, while his
nephew Theodore laid that of Simonoff in Moscow. In the terrible struggle
against the Tartars, the heart of the Grand-Prince Demetrius failed him; how
could he break the power of this inexhaustible horde which, like the locusts of
the prophet Joel, had the garden of Eden before them and left behind them a
desolate wilderness? It was the remonstrance, the prayers of Sergius, that
encouraged the Prince to engage in battle with the horde on the fields of the
Don. No historical picture or sculpture in Russia is more frequent than that
which represents the youthful warrior receiving the benediction of the aged
hermit. Two of his monks, Peresvet and Osliab, accompanied the Prince to the
field, and fought in coats of mail drawn over their monastic habit; and the
battle was begun by the single combat of Peresvet with a gigantic Tartar,
champion of the Horde.
The two chief convents in the suburbs of Moscow still
preserve the recollection of that day. One is the vast fortress of the Donskoi
monastery, under the Sparrow Hills. The other is the Simonoff monastery already
mentioned, founded on the banks of the Mosqua, on a beautiful spot chosen by
the saint himself, and its earliest site was consecrated by the tomb which
covers the bodies of his two warlike monks. From that day forth he stood out in
the national recollection as the champion of Russia. It was from his convent
that the noblest patriotic inspirations were drawn, and, as he had led the way
in giving the first great repulse to the Tartar power, so the final blow in
like manner came from a successor in his place. In 1480, when Ivan III wavered,
as Demetrius had wavered before him, it was by the remonstrance of Archbishop
Bassian, formerly prior of the Troitzka monastery, that Ivan too was driven,
almost against his will, to the field. "Dost thou fear death?" so he
was addressed by the aged prelate. "Thou too must die as well as others;
death is the lot of all, man, beast, and bird alike; none avoid it. Give these
warriors into my hands, and, old as I am, I will not spare myself, nor turn my
back upon the Tartars." The Metropolitan, we are told, added his
exhortations to those of Bassian. Ivan returned to the camp, the Khan of the
Golden Horde fled without a blow, and Russia was set free for ever. [Note: The
reader will remember that Constantinople (also called New Rome) fell to the
Turks in 1453, and thus the Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire came to an end.
This same Ivan III married the niece of the last Byzantine Emperor, and so
claimed for himself a position in the line of Christian Emperors beginning with
Constantine, and for Moscow the position of Third Rome, the capital thenceforth
of the Christian world.]
Now back to the time of Sergius.
The Metropolitan, Alexis, being eighty-four years old,
perceived that his end was approaching, and he wished to give Sergius his
blessing and appoint him as his successor. But the humble monk, in great alarm,
declared that he could not accept and wear the sacred picture of the Blessed
Virgin suspended by gold chains, which the primate had sent him from his own
breast on which it had hung. "From my youth up," said he, "I
have never possessed or worn gold, and how now can I adorn myself in my old
age?" St. Sergius died at an extremely advanced age in 1392, amidst the
lamentations of his contemporaries.
by James Kiefer
SOURCE : http://www.satucket.com/lectionary/Sergius.htm
San Sergio di Radonež
Миниатюра
"Сергий Радонежский благословляет Пересвета перед Мамаевым побоищем"
из Лицевого летописного свода Иоанна Грозного. Вторая половина 16 века. «Тогда
же
преподобного
игумена Сергия Радонежского изящный его послушник инок Пересвет начал говорить
великому князю и всем князям: „Нисколько о не сем смущайтесь, велик Бог наш и
великая крепость от него. Я хочу Божиею помощию, и пречистой его матери, и всех
святых его, и преподобного игумена Сергия молитвами с ним встретиться“. Был же
сей Пересвет, когда в мире был, славный богатырь, великую силу и крепость имел,
ростом и широтою плеч всех превосходил, и смышлен был весьма к воинскому делу»
(Татищев.
История Российская). XVI century (1558-1576)
The Life of our Venerable
Father Amongst the Saints St. Sergius of Radonezh
Part 1 Childhood & the Hermitage
Our holy Father Sergius
was born of noble, Orthodox, devout parents. His father was named Cyril and his
mother Mary. They found favour with God; they were honourable in the sight of
God and man, and abounded in those virtues which are well-pleasing unto God.
Cyril had three sons, Stephen, Bartholomew, and Peter, whom he brought up in
strict piety and purity.
Stephen and Peter quickly learned to read and write, but the second boy did not
so easily learn to write, and worked slowly and inattentively; his master
taught him with care, but the boy could not put his mind to his studies, nor
understand, nor do the same as his companions who were studying with him. As a
result he suffered from the many reproaches of his parents, and still more from
the punishments of his teacher and the ridicule of his companions. The boy
often prayed to God in secret and with many tears: "O Lord, give me
understanding of this learning. Teach me, Lord, enlighten and instruct
me." His reverence for God prompted him to pray that he might receive
knowledge from God and not from men.
One day his father sent him to seek for a lost foal. On his way he met a monk,
a venerable elder, a stranger, a priest, with the appearance of an angel. This
stranger was standing beneath an oak tree, praying devoutly and with much
shedding of tears. The boy, seeing him, humbly made a low obeisance, and
awaited the end of his prayers.
The venerable monk, when he had ended his prayers, glanced at the boy and,
conscious that he beheld the chosen vessel of the Holy Spirit, he called him to
his side, blessed him, bestowed on him a kiss in the name of Christ, and asked:
"What art thou seeking, or what dost thou want, child?" The boy
answered, "My soul desires above all things to understand the Holy
Scriptures. I have to study reading and writing, and 1 am sorely vexed that 1
cannot learn these things. Will you, holy Father, pray to God for me, that he
will give me understanding of book-learning?" The monk raised his hands
and his eyes toward heaven, sighed, prayed to God, then said, "Amen."
Taking out from his satchel, as it were some treasure, with three fingers, he
handed to the boy what appeared to be a little bit of white wheaten bread
prosphora, saying to him: "Take this in thy mouth, child, and eat; this is
given thee as a sign of God's grace and for the understanding of Holy
Scriptures. Though the gift appears but small, the taste thereof is very
sweet."
The boy opened his mouth and ate, tasting a sweetness as of honey, wherefore he
said, "Is it not written, How sweet are thy words to my palate, more than
honey to my lips, and my soul doth cherish them exceedingly?" The monk
answered and said, "If thou believest, child, more than this will be
revealed to thee; and do not vex thyself about reading and writing; thou wilt
find that from this day forth the Lord will give thee learning above that of
thy brothers and others of thine own age."
Having thus informed him of divine favour, the monk prepared to proceed on his
way. But the boy flung himself, with his face to the ground, at the feet of the
monk, and besought him to come and visit his parents, saying, "My parents
dearly love persons such as you are, Father." The monk, astonished at his
faith, accompanied him to his parents' house.
At the sight of the stranger, Cyril and Mary came out to meet him, and bowed
low before him. The monk blessed them, and they offered him food, but before
accepting any food, the monk went into the chapel, taking with him the boy
whose consecration had been signified even before birth, and began a recitation
of the Canonical Hours, telling the boy to read the Psalms. The boy said,
"I do not know them, Father." The monk replied, "I told thee
that from today the Lord would give thee knowledge in reading and writing; read
the Word of God, nothing doubting." Whereupon, to the astonishment of all
present, the boy, receiving the monk's blessing, began to recite in excellent
rhythm; and from that hour he could read.
His parents and brothers praised God, and after accompanying the monk to the
house, placed food before him. Having eaten, and bestowed a blessing on the
parents, the monk was anxious to proceed on his way. But the parents pleaded,
"Reverend Father, hurry not away, but stay and comfort us and calm our
fears. Our humble son, whom you bless and praise, is to us an object of marvel.
While he was yet in his mother's womb three times he uttered a cry in church
during holy Liturgy. Wherefore we fear and doubt of what is to be, and what he
is to do."
The holy monk, after considering and becoming aware of that which was to be,
exclaimed, "O blessed pair, 0 worthy couple, giving birth to such a child!
Why do you fear where there is no place for fear? Rather rejoice and be glad,
for the boy will be great before God and man, thanks to his life of
godliness." Having thus spoken the monk left, pronouncing an obscure
saying that their son would serve the Holy Trinity and would lead many to an
understanding of the divine precepts. They accompanied him to the doorway of
their house, when he became of a sudden invisible. Perplexed, they wondered if
he had been an angel, sent to give the boy knowledge of reading.
After the departure of the monk, it became evident that the boy could read any
book, and was altogether changed; he was submissive in all things to his
parents, striving to fulfil their wishes, and never disobedient. Applying
himself solely to glorifying God, and rejoicing therein, he attended
assiduously in Gods church, being present daily at Matins, at the Liturgy, at
Vespers. He studied holy scripts, and at all times, in every way, he
disciplined his body and preserved himself in purity of body and soul.
Cyril, devout servant of God, led the life of a wealthy and renowned boyar, in
the province of Rostov, but in later years he was reduced to poverty. He, like
others, suffered from the invasions of Tatar hordes into Russia, from the
skirmishes of troops, the frequent demands for tribute, and from repeated bad
harvests, in conjunction with the period of violence and disorder which
followed the great Tatar war.
When the principality of Rostov fell into the hands of the Grand Duke Ivan
Danilovich of Moscow, distress prevailed in the town of Rostov, and not least
among the princes and boyars. They were deprived of power, of their properties,
of honours and rank, of all of which Moscow became the possessor. By order of
the Grand Duke they left Rostov, and a certain noble, Vasilii Kochev, with
another called Minas, were sent from Moscow to Rostov as voevodas (messengers).
On arrival in the town of Rostov these two governors imposed a levy on the town
and on the inhabitants. A severe persecution followed, and many of the
remaining inhabitants of Rostov were constrained to surrender their estates to
the Muscovites, in exchange for which they received wounds and humiliations,
and went forth empty-handed and really as beggars. In brief, Rostov was
subjected to every possible humiliation, even to the hanging, head downward, of
their governor, Averkii, one of the chief boyars of Rostov.
Seeing and hearing of all this, terror spread among the people, not only in the
town of Rostov but in all the surrounding country. Cyril, Gods devout servant,
avoided further misfortune by escaping from his native town. He assembled his
entire household and family and with them removed from Rostov to Radonezh,
where he settled near the church dedicated to the Birth of Christ, which is
still standing to this day.
Cyril's two sons, Stephen and Peter, married, but his second son, Bartholomew,
would not contemplate marriage, being desirous of becoming a monk. He often
expressed this wish to his father, but his parents said to him, "My son,
wait a little and bear with us; we are old, poor and sick, and we have no one
to look after us, for both your brothers are married." The wondrous youth
gladly promised to care for them to the end of their days, and from henceforth
strove for his parents' well-being, until they entered the monastic life and
went one to a monastery, and the other to a convent. They lived but a few
years, and passed away to God. Blessed Bartholomew laid his parents in their
graves, mourned for them forty days, then returned to his house.
Calling his younger brother Peter, he bestowed his share of his father's
inheritance on him, retaining nothing for himself. The wife of his elder
brother, Stephen, died also, leaving two sons, Clement and Ivan. Stephen soon
renounced the world and became a monk in the Monastery of the Theotokis at
Khotkov. Blessed Bartholomew now came to him, and begged him to accompany him
in the search for some desert place. Stephen assented, and he and the saint
together explored many parts of the forest, till finally they came to a waste
space in the middle of the forest, near a stream. After inspecting the place
they obeyed the voice of God and were satisfied.
Having prayed, they set about chopping wood and carrying it. First they built a
hut, and then constructed a small chapel. When the chapel was finished and the
time had come to dedicate it, Blessed Bartholomew said to Stephen, "Now,
my lord and eldest brother by birth and by blood, tell me, in honour of whose
feast shall this chapel be, and to which saint shall we dedicate it?"
Stephen answered: "Why do you ask me, and why put me to the test? You were
chosen of God while you were yet in your mother's womb, and he gave a sign
concerning you before ever you were born, that the child would be a disciple of
the Blessed Trinity, and not he alone would have devout faith, for he would
lead many others and teach them to believe in the Holy Trinity. it behoves you,
therefore, to dedicate a chapel above all others to the Blessed Trinity."
The favoured youth gave a deep sigh and said, "To tell the truth, my lord
and brother, I asked you because I felt I must, although I wanted and thought
likewise as you do, and desired with my whole soul to erect and dedicate this
chapel to the Blessed Trinity, but out of humility I inquired of you." And
he went forthwith to obtain the blessing of the ruling prelate for its
consecration.
From the town came the priest sent by Feognost, Metropolitan of Kiev and all
Russia, and the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the the Most Holy
Trinity in the reign of the Grand Duke Semion Ivanovich, we believe in the
beginning of his reign. The chapel being now built and dedicated, Stephen did
not long remain in the wilderness with his brother. He realised soon all the
labours in this desert place, the hardships, the all-pervading need and want,
and that there were no means of satisfying hunger and thirst, nor any other
necessity.
As yet no one came to the saint, nor brought him anything, for at this time,
nowhere around was there any village, nor house, nor people; neither was there
road or pathway, but everywhere on all sides were forest and wasteland.
Stephen, seeing this, was troubled, and he decided to leave the wilderness, and
with it his own brother the saintly desert-lover and desert-dweller. He went
from thence to Moscow, and when he reached this city he settled in the
Monastery of the Epiphany, found a cell, and dwelt in it, exercising himself in
virtue. Hard labour was to him a joy, and he passed his time in ascetic
practices in his cell, disciplining himself by fasting and praying, refraining
from all indulgence, even from drinking Kvas (a mild russian beer).
Part 2 Hermetic Life
Aleksei, the future
metropolitan, who at this time had not been raised to the rank of bishop, was
living in the monastery of the Theotokis in Khotkov, leading a quiet monastic
life. Stephen and he spent much time together in spiritual exercises, and they
sang in the choir side by side. The Grand Duke Simion came to hear of Stephen
and the godly life he led and commanded the Metropolitan Theognost to ordain him
priest and, later, to appoint him abbot of the monastery. Aware of his great
virtues, the Grand Duke also appointed him as his confessor. Our saint,
Sergius, had not taken monastic vows at this time for, as yet, he had not
enough experience of monastic life, and of all that is required of a
monk.
After a while, however,
he invited a spiritual elder, who held the dignity of priest and abbot, named
Mitrofan, to come and visit him in his solitude. In great humility he entreated
him, "Father, may the love of God be with us, and give me the tonsure of a
monk. From childhood have I loved God and set my heart on Him these many years,
but my parents' needs withheld me. Now, my lord and father, I am free from all
bonds, and I thirst, as the hart thirsteth for the springs of living
water." The abbot forthwith went into the chapel with him, and gave him
the tonsure on the 7th day of October on the feast day of the blessed martyrs
Sergius and Bacchus. And Sergius was the name he received as monk. In those
days it was the custom to give to the newly tonsured monk the name of the saint
whose feast day it happened to be.
Our saint was
twenty-three years old when he joined the order of monks. Blessed Sergius, the
newly tonsured monk, partook of the Holy Sacrament and received the grace of
God and the gift of the Holy Spirit. From one whose witness is true and sure,
we are told that when Sergius partook of the Holy Sacrament the chapel was
filled with a sweet odour; and not only in the chapel, but all around was the
same fragrant smell. The saint remained in the chapel seven days, touching no
food other than one consecrated loaf given him by the abbot, refusing all else
and giving himself up to fasting and prayer, having on his lips the Psalms of
David.
When Mitrofan bade
farewell, St. Sergius in all humility said to him: "Give me your blessing,
and pray regarding my solitude; and instruct one living alone in the wilderness
how to pray to the Lord God; how to remain unharmed; how to wrestle with the evil
one and with one's own temptation to fall into pride, for I am but a novice and
a newly tonsured monk." The abbot was astonished and almost afraid. He
replied, "You ask of me concerning that which you know no less well than
we do, 0 Reverend Father."
After discoursing with
him for a while on spiritual matters, and commending him to God, Mitrofan went
away, leaving St. Sergius alone to silence and the wilderness. Who can recount
his labours? Who can number the trials he endured living alone in the wilderness?
Under different forms, and from time to time, the devil wrestled with the
saint, but the demons beset St. Sergius in vain; no matter what visions they
evoked, they failed to overcome the firm and fearless spirit of the ascetic. At
one moment it was Satan who laid his snares; at another, incursions of wild
beasts took place, for many were the wild animals inhabiting this wilderness.
Some of these remained at a distance; others came near the saint, surrounded
him and even sniffed him.
In particular a bear used
to come to the holy man. Seeing the animal did not come to harm him, but in
order to get some food, the saint brought a small slice of bread from his but,
and placed it on a log or stump, so the bear learned to come for the meal thus
prepared for him, and having eaten it went away again. If there was no bread,
and the bear did not find his usual slice, he would wait about for a long while
and look around on all sides, rather like some moneylender waiting to receive
payment of his debt.
At this time Sergius had
no variety of foods in the wilderness, only bread and water from the spring,
and a great scarcity of these. Often, bread was not to be found; then both he
and the bear went hungry. Sometimes, although there was but one slice of bread,
the saint gave it to the bear, being unwilling to disappoint him of his
food.
He diligently read the
Holy Scriptures to obtain a knowledge of all virtue, in his secret meditations
training his mind in a longing for eternal bliss. Most wonderful of all, none
knew the measure of his ascetic and godly life spent in solitude. God, the
beholder of all hidden things, alone saw it. Whether he lived two years or more
in the wilderness alone we do not know; God knows only. The Lord, seeing his
very great faith and patience, took compassion on him and, desirous of
relieving his solitary labours, put into the hearts of certain god-fearing
monks to visit him. The saint inquired of them, "Are you able to endure
the hardships of this place, hunger and thirst, and every kind of want?"
They replied, "Yes, Reverend Father, we are willing with God's help and
with your prayers."
Holy Sergius, seeing
their faith and zeal, marvelled, and said: "My brethren, I desired to
dwell alone in the wilderness and, furthermore, to die in this place. If it be
Gods will that there shall be a monastery in this place, and that many brethren
will be gathered here, then may God's holy will be done. I welcome you with
joy, but let each one of you build himself a cell. Furthermore, let it be known
unto you, if you come to dwell in the wilderness, the beginning of
righteousness is the fear of the Lord."
To increase his own fear
of the Lord he spent day and night in the study of God's word. Moreover, young
in years, strong and healthy in body, he could do the work of two men or more.
The devil now strove to wound him with the darts of concupiscence. The saint,
aware of these attacks of the enemy, disciplined his body and exercised his
soul, mastering it with fasting, and thus was he protected by the grace of
God.
Although not yet raised
to the office of priesthood, dwelling in company with the brethren, he was
present daily with them in church for the reciting of the offices, Nocturnes,
Matins, the Hours, and Vespers. For the Liturgy a priest, who was an abbot,
came from one of the villages. At first Sergius did not wish to be raised to
the priesthood and especially he did not want to become an abbot; this was by
reason of his extreme humility. He constantly remarked that the beginning and
root of all evil lay in pride of rank, and ambition to be an abbot. The monks
were but few in number, about a dozen.
They constructed themselves cells, not very large ones, within the enclosure,
and put up gates at the entrance. Sergius built four cells with his own hands,
and performed other monastic duties at the request of the brethren; he carried
logs from the forest on his shoulders, chopped them up and carried them into
the cells. The monastery, indeed, came to be a wonderful place to look upon.
The forest was not far distant from it as now it is; the shade and the murmur
of trees hung above the cells; around the church was a space of trunks and
stumps; here many kinds of vegetables were sown. But to return to the exploits
of St. Sergius. He flayed the grain and ground it in the mill, baked the bread
and cooked the food, cut out shoes and clothing and stitched them; he drew
water from the spring flowing nearby, and carried it in two pails on his
shoulders, and put water in each cell. He spent the night in prayer, without
sleep, feeding only on bread and water, and that in small quantifies; and never
spent an idle hour.
Within the space of a
year the abbot who had given the tonsure to St. Sergius fell ill, and after a
short while, he passed out of this life. Then God put it into the hearts of the
brethren to go to blessed Sergius, and to say to him: "Father, we cannot
continue without an abbot. We desire you to be the guide of our souls and
bodies." The saint sighed from the bottom of his heart, and replied,
"I have had no thought of becoming abbot, for my soul longs to finish its
course here as an ordinary monk."
Part 3 His Abbothood
Within the space of a
year the abbot who had given the tonsure to St. Sergius fell ill, and after a
short while, he passed out of this life. Then God put it into the hearts of the
brethren to go to blessed Sergius, and to say to him: "Father, we cannot
continue without an abbot. We desire you to be the guide of our souls and
bodies." The saint sighed from the bottom of his heart, and replied,
"I have had no thought of becoming abbot, for my soul longs to finish its
course here as an ordinary monk."
The brethren urged him again and again to be their abbot; finally, overcome by
his compassionate love, but groaning inwardly, he said: "Fathers and
brethren, I will say no more against it, and will submit to the will of God. He
sees into our hearts and souls. We will go into the town, to the bishop."
Aleksei, the Metropolitan of all Russia, was living at this time in
Constantinople, and he had nominated Bishop Afanasii of Volynia in his stead in
the town of Pereiaslavl. Our blessed Sergius went, therefore, to the bishop,
taking with him two elders; and entering into his presence made a low
obeisance.
Afanasii rejoiced exceedingly at seeing him, and kissed him in the name of
Christ. He had heard tell of the saint and of his beginning of good deeds, and he
spoke to him of the workings of the Spirit. Our Blessed Father Sergius begged
the bishop to give them an abbot, and a guide of their souls. The venerable
Afanasii replied, "Thyself, son and brother, God called in thy mother's
womb. It is thou who wilt be father and abbot of thy brethren." Blessed
Sergius refused, insisting on his unworthiness, but Afanasii said to him,
"Beloved, thou hast acquired all virtue save obedience." Blessed
Sergius, bowing low, replied-. "May God's will be done. Praised be the Lord
forever and forever." They all answered, "Amen." Without delay
the holy bishop, Afanasii, led blessed Sergius to the church, and ordained him
subdeacon and then deacon.
The following morning the saint was raised to the dignity of priesthood, and was
told to say the holy liturgy and to offer the bloodless Sacrifice. Later,
taking him to one side, the bishop spoke to him of the teachings of the
Apostles and of the holy fathers, for the edification and guidance of souls.
After bestowing on him a kiss in the name of Christ, he sent him forth, in very
deed an abbot, pastor, and guardian, and physician of his spiritual brethren.
He had not taken upon himself the rank of abbot; he received the leadership
from God; he had not sought it, nor striven for it; he did not obtain it by
payment, as do others who have pride of rank, chasing hither and thither,
plotting and snatching power from one another. God himself led his chosen
disciple and exalted him to the dignity of abbot.
Our revered father and abbot Sergius returned to his monastery, to the abode
dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and the brethren, coming out to meet him, bowed
low to the ground before him. He blessed them, and said: "Brethren, pray
for me. I am altogether ignorant, and I have received a talent from the
Highest, and 1 shall have to render an account of it, and of the flock
committed to me." There were twelve brethren when he first became abbot,
and he was the thirteenth. And this number remained, neither increasing nor
diminishing, until Simon, the archimandrite of Smolensk, arrived among them.
From that time onward their numbers constantly increased. This wondrous man,
Simon, was chief archimandrite, excellent, eminent, abounding in virtue. Having
heard of our Reverend Father Sergius' way of life, he laid aside honours, left
the goodly city of Smolensk, and arrived at the monastery where, greeting our
Reverend Father Sergius with the greatest humility, he entreated him to allow
him to live under him and his rules in all submission and obedience: and he
offered the estate he owned as a gift to the abbot for the benefit of the
monastery. Blessed Sergius welcomed him with great joy.
Simon lived many years, submissive and obedient, abounding in virtue, and died
in advanced old age. Stephen, the saint's brother, came with his younger son,
Ivan, from Moscow and, presenting him to Abbot Sergius, asked him to give him
the tonsure. Abbot Sergius did so, and gave him the name of Theodore; from his
earliest years the boy had been taught abstinence, piety, and chastity,
following his uncle's precepts; according to some accounts he was given the
tonsure when he was ten years old, others say twelve. People from many parts,
towns and countries, came to live with Abbot Sergius, and their names are written
in the book of life. The monastery bit by bit grew in size.
It is recorded in the Paterikon -that is to say, in the book of the early
fathers of the Church - that the holy fathers in assembly prophesied about
later generations, saying that the last would be weak. But, of the later
generations, God made Sergius as strong as one of the early fathers. God made
him a lover of hard work, and to be the head over a great number of monks. From
the time he was appointed abbot, the holy Liturgy was sung every day. He
himself baked the holy bread; first he flayed and ground the wheat, sifted the
flour, kneaded and fermented the dough; he entrusted the making of the holy
bread to no one. He also cooked the grains for the "kutia," and he
also made the candles.
Although occupying the chief place as abbot, he did not alter in any way his
monastic rules. He was lowly and humble with all people, and was an example to
all. He never sent away anyone who came to him for the tonsure, neither old nor
young, nor rich nor poor; he received them all with fervent joy; but he did not
give them the tonsure at once. He who would be a monk was ordered, first, to
put on a long, black cloth garment and to live with the brethren until he got
accustomed to all the monastic rules; then, later, he was given full monk's
attire of cloak and hood. Finally, when he was deemed worthy, he was allowed
the "schema," the mark of the ascetic.
After Vespers, and late at night, especially on long dark nights, the saint
used to leave his cell and do the rounds of the monk's cells. If he heard
anyone saying his prayers, or making genuflections, or busy with his own
handiwork, he was gratified and gave thanks to God. If, on the other hand, he
heard two or three monks chatting together, or laughing, he was displeased,
rapped on the door or window, and passed. on. In the morning he would send for
them and, indirectly, quietly and gently, by means of some parable, reprove
them. If he was a humble and submissive brother he would quickly admit his
fault and, bowing low before St. Sergius, would beg his forgiveness. If,
instead, he was not a humble brother, and stood erect thinking he was not the
person referred to, then the saint, with patience, would make it clear to him,
and order him to do a public penance.
In this way they all learned to pray to God assiduously; not to chat with one
another after Vespers, and to do their own handiwork with all their might; and
to have the Psalms of David all day on their lips.
In the beginning, when the monastery was first built, many were the hardships
and privations. A main road lay a long way off, and wilderness surrounded the
monastery. Here the monks lived, it is believed, for fifteen years. Then, in
the time of the Grand Duke Ivan Ivanovich Christians began to arrive from all
parts and to settle in the vicinity. The forest was cut down; there was no one
to prevent it; the trees were hewn down, none were spared, and the forest was
converted into an open plain as we now see it. A village was built, and houses;
and visitors came to the monastery bringing their countless offerings. But in
the beginning, when they settled in this place, they all suffered great
privations. At times there was no bread or flour, and all means of subsistence
was lacking; at times there was no wine for the Eucharist, nor incense, nor wax
candles. The monks sang Matins at dawn with no lights save that of a single
birch or pine torch.
One day there was a great scarcity of bread and salt in the whole monastery.
The saintly abbot gave orders to all the brethren that they were not to go out,
nor beg from the laity, but to remain patiently in the monastery and await
God's compassion. He himself spent three or four days without any food. On the
fourth day, at dawn, taking an axe, he went to one of the elders, by name
Daniel, and said to him: "I have heard tell that you want to build an
entrance in front of your cell. See, 1 have come to build it for you, so that
my hands shall not remain idle." Daniel replied, "Yes, I have been waiting
for it a long while, and am as yet awaiting the carpenter from the village; but
I am afraid to employ you, for you will require a large payment from me."
Sergius said to him: "I do not require a large sum of money. Have you any
mildewed loaves? I very much want to eat some such loaves. 1 do not ask from
you anything else. Where will you find another carpenter like me?" Daniel
brought him a few mildewed loaves, saying, "This is all I have."
Sergius said: "That will be enough, and to spare. But bide it until
evening. I take no pay before the work is done." Saying which, and
tightening his belt, he chopped and worked all day, cut planks and put up the
entrance.
At the close of day, Daniel brought him the sieveful of the promised loaves.
Sergius, offering a prayer and grace, distributed the bread to the brethren,
ate his portion of bread and drank some water. He had neither soup nor salt;
the bread was both dinner and supper. Several of the brethren noticed something
in the nature of a faint breath of smoke issuing from his lips, and turning to
one another they said, "Oh, brother, what patience and self-control has
this man!" But one of the monks, not having had anything to eat for two
days, murmured against Sergius, and went up to him and said: "Why this
mouldy bread? Why should we not go outside and beg for some bread? If we obey
you we shall perish of hunger. Tomorrow morning we will leave this place and go
hence and not return; we cannot any longer endure such want and scarcity."
Not all of them complained, only the one brother, but because of this one,
Sergius, seeing they were enfeebled and in distress, convoked the whole
brotherhood and gave them instruction from Holy Scriptures: "God's Grace
cannot be given without trials; after tribulations comes joy. It is written, at
evening there shall be weeping but in the morning gladness. You, at present,
have no bread or food, and tomorrow you will enjoy an abundance." And as
he was yet speaking there came a rapping at the gates.
The porter, peeping through an aperture, saw that a store of provisions had
been brought; he was so overjoyed that he did not open the gates but ran first
to St. Sergius to tell him. The saint gave the order at once, "Open the
gates quickly, let them come in, and let those persons who have brought the
provisions be invited to share the meal"; while he himself, before all
else, directed that the bell should be sounded, and with the brethren he went
into the church to sing a Moleben of Thanksgiving. Returning from church, they
went into the refectory, and the newly arrived, fresh bread was placed before
them. The bread was still warm and soft, and the taste of it was of an
unimaginable strange sweetness, as it were honey mingled with juice of barley
and spices.
When they had eaten, the saint remarked: "And where is our brother who was
murmuring about mouldy bread? May he notice that it is sweet and fresh. Let us
remember the prophet who said, 'Ashes have I eaten for bread and mixed my drink
with tears.' Then he inquired whose bread it was, and who had sent it. The
messengers announced, "A pious layman, very wealthy, living a great
distance away, sent it to Sergius and his brotherhood." Again the monks,
on Sergius' orders, invited the men to sup with them, but they refused, having
to hasten elsewhere. The monks came to the abbot in astonishment, saying,
"Father, how has this wheaten bread, warm and tasting of butter and
spices, been brought from far?"
The following day more food and drink were brought to the monastery in the same
manner. And again on the third day, from a distant country. Abbot Sergius,
seeing and hearing this, gave glory to God before al] the brethren, saying,
"You see, brethren, God provides for everything, and neither does he
abandon this place." From this time forth the monks grew accustomed to
being patient under trials and privations, enduring all things, trusting in the
Lord God with fervent faith, and being strengthened therein by their holy
Father Sergius.
According to an account by one of the elders of the monastery, Blessed Sergius
never wore new clothing, nor any made of fine material, nor coloured, nor
white, nor smooth and soft; he wore plain cloth or kaftan; his clothing was old
and worn, dirty, patched. Once they had in the monastery an ugly, stained, worn
bit of cloth, which all the brethren threw aside; one brother had it, kept it
for a white and discarded it, so did another, and a third and so on to the
seventh. But the saint did not despise it, he gratefully took it, cut it out and
made himself a habit, which he wore, not with disdain but with gratitude, for a
whole year, till it was fully worn out and full of holes.
So shabby were his clothes, worse than that of any of the monks, that several
people were misled and did not recognise him. One day a Christian from a nearby
village, who had never seen the saint, came to visit him. The abbot was digging
in the garden. The visitor looked about and asked, "Where is Sergius?
Where is the wonderful and famous man?" A brother replied, "In the
garden, digging; wait a while, until he comes in." The visitor, growing
impatient, peeped through an aperture, and perceived the saint wearing shabby
attire, patched, in holes, and face covered with sweat; and convinced himself
that this was not he of whom he had heard. When the saint came from the garden,
the monks informed him, "This is he whom you wish to see." The
visitor turned from the saint and mocked at him: "I came to see a prophet
and you point out to me a needy-looking beggar. I see no glory, no majesty and
honour about him. He wears no fine and rich apparel; he has no attendants, no
trained servants; he is but a needy, indigent beggar."
The brethren, reporting to the abbot, said, "We hardly dare tell you,
Reverend Father, and we would send away your guest as a good-for-nothing rude
fellow; he has been discourteous and disrespectful about you, reproaches us,
and will not listen to us." The holy man, fixing his eyes on the brethren
and seeing their confusion, said to them: "Do not do so, brethren, for he
did not come to see you. He came to visit me." And, since he expected no
obeisance from his visitor, he went toward him, humbly bowing low to the ground
before him, and blessed and praised him for his right judgement. Then, taking him
by the hand, the saint sat him down at his right hand, and bade him partake of
food and drink.
The visitor expressed his regret at not seeing Sergius, whom he had taken the
trouble to come and visit; and that his wish had not been fulfilled. The saint
remarked, "Be not sad about it, for such is God's Grace that no one ever
leaves this place with a heavy heart." As he spoke a neighbouring prince
arrived at the monastery, with great pomp, accompanied by retinue of boyars,
servants, and attendants.
The armed attendants, who preceded the prince, took the visitor by the
shoulders and removed him out of sight of the prince and of Sergius. The prince
then advanced and, from a distance, made a low obeisance to Sergius. The saint
gave him his blessing and, after bestowing a kiss on him, they both sat down
while everyone else remained standing. The visitor thrust his way through, and
going up to one of those standing by, asked, "Who is the monk sitting on
the princes right hand? Tell me." The man turned to him and said,
"Are you then a stranger here? Have you indeed not heard of Blessed Father
Sergius? It is he who is speaking with the prince." Upon hearing this, the
visitor was overcome with remorse, and after the prince's departure, taking
several of the brethren to intercede for him, and making a low obeisance before
the abbot, he said: "Father, 1 am but a sinner and a great offender.
Forgive me and help my unbelief." The saint readily forgave, and with his
blessing and some words of comfort, he took leave of him.
From henceforth, and to the end of his days, this man held a true, firm faith
in the Holy Trinity and in St. Sergius. He left his village a few years later,
and came to the saint's monastery, where he became a monk, and there spent
several years in repentance and amendment of life before he passed away to God.
Part 4 His Miracles and
the Ceonobitic Monastery
We shall now turn to the
miracles God performs through his elect. Owing to lack of water near the
monastery, the brotherhood suffered great discomfort, which increased with
their numbers and having to carry water from a distance. Some of the monks even
complained to the abbot, "When you set out to build a monastery on this
spot, why did you not observe that it was not near water?" They repeated
this query with vexation, often. The saint told them: "I intended to
worship and pray in this place alone. But God willed that a monastery such as
this, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, should arise."
Going out of the monastery, accompanied by one of the brethren, he made his way
through a ravine below the monastery, and finding a small pool of rainwater, he
knelt down and prayed. No sooner had he made the sign of the cross over the
spot, than a bubbling spring arose, which is still to be seen to this day, and
from whence water is drawn to supply every need of the monastery. Many cures
have been granted to the faithful from the waters; and people have come from
long distances to fetch the water and carry it away and to give it to their
sick to drink. From the time it appeared, and for a number of years, the spring
was named after Sergius. The wise man, not seeking renown, was displeased, and
remarked: "Never let me hear that a well is called by my name. 1 did not
give this water; God gave it to us unworthy men."
A certain devout Christian living close by the monastery, who believed in the
sanctity of St. Sergius, had an only son, a child, who fell ill. The father
brought the boy to the monastery, and entreated the saint to pray for him: but
while the father was yet speaking the boy died. The man, with his last hope
gone, wept and bemoaned, "It would have been better had my son died in my
own house." While he went to prepare a grave, the dead child was laid in
the saint's cell. The saint felt compassion for this man, and falling on his
knees prayed over the dead child. Suddenly the boy came to life, and moved. His
father, returning with preparations for the burial, found his son alive,
whereupon, flinging himself at the feet of God's servant, gave him thanks. The
saint said to him, "You deceive yourself, man, and do not know what you
say. While on your journey hither your son became frozen with cold, and you
thought he had died. He has now thawed in the warm cell, and you think he bas
come to life. No one can rise again from the dead before the Day of
Resurrection." The man however insisted, saying, "Your prayers
brought him to life again." The saint forbade him to say this; "If
you noise this abroad you will lose your son altogether." The man promised
to tell no one and, taking his son, now restored to health, he went back to his
own home. This miracle was made known through the saint's disciples.
Living on the banks of the Volga, a long distance away from the Lavra, was a
man who owned great possessions, but who was afflicted incessantly, day and
night, by a cruel and evil spirit. Not only did he break iron chains, but ten
or more strong men could not hold him. His relatives, hearing tell of the
saint, journeyed with him to the monastery, where dwelt the servant of the
Lord. When they came to the monastery the madman broke loose from his bonds,
and flung himself about, crying, I will not go, I will not. I will go back from
whence I came.' They informed the saint, who gave the order to sound the bell
and when the brethren were assembled they sang the Moleben for the sick. The
madman grew calmer little by little, and when he was led into the monastery,
the saint came out of church, carrying a cross, whereupon the sufferer, with a
loud cry, fled from the spot, and flung himself into a pool of rainwater
standing nearby, exclaiming, "O horrible, O terrible flame." By the
grace of God and the saint's prayers he recovered, and was restored to his
right mind. When they inquired what he meant by his exclamation, he told them,
"When the saint wanted to bless me with the cross, 1 saw a great flame
proceeding from him, and it seized hold of me. So I threw myself into the
water, fearing that I should be consumed in the flame."
One day the saint, in accordance with his usual rule, was keeping vigil and
praying for the brotherhood late at night when he heard a voice calling,
"Sergius!" He was astonished, and opening the window of the cell he
beheld a wondrous vision. A great radiance shone in the heavens; the night sky
was illumined by its brilliance, exceeding the light of day. A second time the
voice called: "Sergius! Thou prayest for thy children; God has heard thy
prayer. See and behold great numbers of monks gathered together in the name of
the Everlasting Trinity, in thy fold, and under thy guidance." The saint
looked and beheld a multitude of beautiful birds, flying, not only on to the
monastery, but all around; and he heard a voice saying, "As many birds as
thou seest by so many will thy flock of disciples increase; and after thy time
they will not grow less if they will follow in thy footsteps." Anxious to
have a witness of this vision the saint called aloud for Simon, he being the
nearest. Simon ran to him with all haste, but he was not found worthy to behold
this vision; he saw no more than a ray of its light, but even so was greatly
astonished. Filled with awe and wonder at this glorious vision, they rejoiced
together.
One day some Greeks arrived from Constantinople, sent by the patriarch to visit
the saint. Making a deep obeisance they said to him, "The all-powerful
Patriarch of Constantinople, Philotheus, sends you his blessing" and they
presented him with gifts from the patriarch, a cross and a
"paramand," and also handed him a letter from him. The saint asked:
"Are you sure you have not been sent to someone else? How can I, a sinner,
be worthy of such gifts from the most illustrious patriarch They replied,
"We have indeed been sent to you, holy Sergius." The elder went then
to see the metropolitan, Aleksei and took with him the epistle brought from the
patriarch. The metropolitan ordered the epistle to be read to him. It ran.
"By the Grace of God, the Archbishop of Constantinople, the Ecumenical
Patriarch Philotheus, by the Holy Spirit, to our son and fellow servant
Sergius. Divine grace and peace, and our blessing be with you. We have heard
tell of your godly life dedicated to God, wherefore we greatly praise and
glorify God. One thing, however, has not been established: you have not formed
a community.
Take note, Blessed One, that even the great prophet and our father in God,
David, embracing all things with his mind, could not bestow higher praise than
when he said, 'But now, however good and however perfect, yet, above all, is
abiding together in brotherly love.' Wherefore I counsel you to establish a
community. That God's blessing and his grace be always upon you." The
elder inquired of the metropolitan, "Revered teacher, what would you have
us do?" The metropolitan replied, "With all our heart we approve, and
return thanks." From henceforth life on the basis of community was
established in the monastery.
The saint, wise pastor, appointed to each brother his duties, one to be
cellarer, others to be cooks and bakers, another to care for the sick, and for
church duties, an ecclesiarch, and a subecclesiarch, and sacristans, and so
forth. He further announced that the ordinances of the holy fathers were to be
strictly observed; all things were to be possessed in common, no monk was to
hold property of his own. His community having been established with much
wisdom, the numbers of his followers soon increased. Also, the larger the
supply of offerings to the monastery, the more hospitality‚ was extended.
No person in need ever left the monastery empty-handed; and the saint gave
orders that the poor and all strangers were to be allowed to rest in the
monastery, and no suppliant to be refused, adding, "If you will follow my
precepts and continue in them faithfully, God will reward you, and when I leave
this life our monastery will prosper and continue to stand with the Lord's
blessing for many years." And to the present day it has remained standing.
Part 5 Monastery Life
Before long dissension
arose; the devil, hating the propitiation of goodness amongst mankind, put the
idea of disputing the authority of Sergius into several of the monks. One
Saturday, white Vespers were being sung, and the Abbot Sergius, wearing his
vestments, was at the altar, his brother, Stephen, who was standing by the
choir, on the left, asked the canonarch, "Who gave you that book?"
The canonarch replied, "The abbot gave it to me." The other said,
"What has the abbot to do with it? Did not I sit in that place
before?" and adding other silly remarks. Although the saint was standing
by the altar, he heard what was said, but kept silence. When they all came out
of church he did not go to his cell; he walked away from the monastery, unknown
to all. When he arrived at the monastery of Makrishch, he asked the abbot, Stephen,
if one of his monks could lead him to some desert place.
Together they searched and finally discovered a beautiful spot close to a river
called the Kerzhach. The brotherhood, hearing about the saint, took to visiting
him, in two's and three's, and more. Our Father Sergius sent two of his
followers to the Metropolitan Aleksei, with the request for his blessing and
permission to erect a church. Aided by divine favour, a church was erected in a
short while, and many brethren gathered there.
Soon several monks from the Holy Trinity, unable any longer to bear the
separation from their spiritual father, went to the metropolitan and said:
"Holy Lord, we are living like sheep without a shepherd. Command our abbot
to return to his monastery, that he may save us from perishing and dying of
grief without him." The metropolitan dispatched two archimandrites,
Gerasim and Paul, to the abbot with the message: "Your father, Aleksei the
Metropolitan, sends you his blessing. He has rejoiced exceedingly to hear that
you are living in a distant wilderness. But, return now to the monastery of the
Holy Trinity; those persons who were dissatisfied with you shall be removed
from the monastery." Whereupon, hearing this, the saint sent reply,
"Tell my lord the metropolitan, all from his lips, as from those of
Christ, I receive with joy and do disobey in nothing."
The metropolitan, glad at his prompt obedience, instantly dispatched a priest
to consecrate the church to the Annunciation of the Immaculate and Blessed Virgin,
Theotokis. Sergius selected one of his followers, called Roman, to be the abbot
of the new monastery, and sent him to the metropolitan to be raised to the
priesthood. The saint then returned to the monastery of the Holy Trinity. When
the news reached the monastery that the saint was returning, the brethren went
out to meet him. On beholding him it appeared as if a second sun were shining;
and they were so filled with joy that some of the brethren kissed the fathers
hands, others his feet, while others seized his clothing and kissed that. There
was loud rejoicing and glorifying God for the return of their spiritual father.
And what of the father? He rejoiced with his whole heart at seeing this
gathering of his flock.
Now Bishop Stephen, a god-fearing and devout man, had for St. Sergius a deep
spiritual affection. One day he was travelling from his episcopacy of Perm to
the capital, Moscow. The road along which the bishop journeyed lay about seven
miles from St. Sergius' monastery. When the godly bishop came opposite the
saint's monastery, he stopped and said, bowing low toward the direction of the
saint, "Peace be with thee, brother in God!" The saint, at this hour,
was seated at the trapeza table with his brethren. Perceiving in spirit what
Bishop Stephen was doing, he rose from the supper table, stood for an instant
in prayer, then bowing said aloud, "Be joyful, thou shepherd of Christ's
flock; the peace of God be always with thee."
At the end of supper his disciples inquired of him what he meant. He openly
told them, "At that hour Bishop Stephen, going on his way to Moscow, did
reverence to the Holy Trinity, and blessed us humble folk." He pointed out
to them, also, where this had taken place.
One time, when Theodore, son of Stephen, was with Blessed Sergius in the
monastery, he was taking part in the divine liturgy which was being sung by the
saint, and with the aforenamed Stephen, the saint's brother. Of a sudden Isaac,
who had taken the vow of silence, saw a fourth person serving at the altar with
them, of a bright, shining appearance, and in dazzling apparel. Isaac inquired
of Father Makary, who was standing by his side, "What miraculous
apparition is this?" Makary replied: "I do not know, brother; I see a
fearful and ineffable vision. But I think, brother, that someone came with the
prince." (Prince Vladimir was at this time in the monastery.) One of the
prince's attendants was asked whether a priest had come with him; but, no, they
knew of no one.
When the divine Liturgy was at an end, seizing a favourable moment, one of the
brethren approached St. Sergius and questioned him. But he, anxious not to
disclose the secret, asked, "What wonder did you see, brother? My brother,
Stephen, was saying the Liturgy; also his son, Theodore and I, unworthy as I
am. No other priest whatever was serving with us." His disciples insisted,
entreating the saint to reveal the mystery to them, whereupon he said,
"Beloved brethren, what the Lord God has revealed can I keep secret? He
whom you beheld was an angel of the Lord, and not only this time but every time
I unworthy as I am, serve with this messenger of the Lord. That which you have
seen tell no one, so long as I am on this earth." And his disciples were
astonished beyond measure.
Part 6 St. Sergius &
Russia
A rumour spread that Khan
Mamai was raising a large army as a punishment for our sins and that with all
his heathen Tatar hordes he would invade Russian soil. Very great fear
prevailed amongst the people at hearing this report. The puissant and reigning
prince, who held the sceptre of all Russia, great Dimitry having a great faith
in the saint, came to ask him if he counselled him to go against the heathen in
battle. The saint, bestowing on him his blessing, and strengthened by prayer,
said to him: "It behoveth you, Lord, to have a care for the lives of the
flock committed to you by God. Go forth against the heathen; and upheld by the
strong arm of God, conquer; and return to your country sound in health, and
glorify God with loud praise." The grand duke replied, "If indeed God
assist me, Father, I will build a monastery to the Immaculate Theotokos."
And with the saint's blessing he hurriedly went on his way.
Assembling all his armies, he marched against the heathen Tatars to meet them on
the field of battle at Kulikova, where
the rivers of Don and Nepryadva meet. Prince Dimitry and his generals, upon
seeing the multitudes of the Horde, began to doubt of obtaining victory. The
generals were perplexed, not knowing what to do, when of a sudden, a courier
from the Monastery of the Holy Trinity arrived in all haste with a message from
the saint stating: "Be in no doubt, Prince Dimitry; go forward with faith
and confront the enemy's ferocity; and fear not, for God will be on your
side." Forthwith, the Grand Duke Dimitry and all his armies, were filled
with a spirit of temerity; and went into battle against the pagans. They
fought, and many fell, but God was with them and helped the great and
invincible Dimitry, who vanquished the ungodly Tatars.
In that same hour the saint, with his brethren, was engaged before God in
prayer for victory over the pagan Hordes. Within an hour of the final defeat of
the ungodly, the saint, who was a seer, announced to the brotherhood what had
happened, the victory, the courage of the Grand Duke Dimitry, and the names,
too, of those who had died at the hands of the pagans; and he made intercession
for them to all-merciful God.
The Grand Duke Dimitry returned to his country with great joy in his heart, and
hastened to visit the holy, venerable Sergius. Rendering thanks for the prayers
of the saint and of the brotherhood, he gave a rich offering to the monastery
and, in fulfilment of his vow, expressed his wish to build at once the
monastery of the Immaculate Theotokos.
After searching for a favourable place, venerable Sergius fixed upon one by the
banks of the river Dubenka, and with the consent of the grand duke a church to
the Dormition of our Blessed Virgin Theotokos was established by St. Sergius.
As abbot, the saint appointed one of his followers, Sabbas by name, a man of
exceeding great virtue.
A community was formed, and many brethren joined it. Once again the Grand Duke
Dimitry entreated St. Sergius to come to Kolomna, to consecrate a site for the
building of a monastery to be dedicated to the Holy Theophany of our Lord.
It was the saint's custom to go everywhere on foot. Obedient to the grand duke,
he went to Kolomna, consecrated the site, and a church was erected and, at the
grand duke's request, he sent him one of his disciples for the founding of the
monastery, a priest-monk, Gregory, a devout man and of great virtue. In time a
stone church was built, which is standing to this day.
Another time the illustrious Prince Vladimir begged St. Sergius, likewise, to
come to his part of the country, to the town of Serpukhov, and consecrate a
place by the river Nar, and dedicate a church to the Conception of the
Theotokos. Once again the saint obeyed the request. This god-fearing prince
also begged him to send one of his disciples, Afanasii by name. Although the
saint found it hard to grant this request, love prevailed, and he consented.
Afanasii being a man of rare virtue, exceedingly learned in Holy
Scriptures-many valuable writings by his hand bear witness to him to the
present day-the saint loved him dearly. To him the saint entrusted the founding
of the monastery, and the forming of the community. Aided by the prayers of the
saint, the monastery was built, wonderful and beautiful, and named "On the
Heights."
But why pursue further the saint's planting of ecclesiastical fruit? It is well
known how many monasteries were founded by God's own chosen servant. And,
offspring of his offspring, burning bright as stars, they are everywhere
radiating a serene and wondrous life, and a blessing to all.
The Metropolitan Aleksei, being old, and seeing his weakness increasing, sent
for St. Sergius. While they conversed, the metropolitan asked to have a certain
cross with the "paramand" that was adorned with gold and precious
stones brought to him, to give it to the saint; but he, bowing low in great
humility, refused it, saying, "Forgive me, Lord, 1 have worn no gold
ornaments since childhood, wherefore all the more do 1 wish in old age to
continue in poverty." The bishop insisted, and said I know, beloved, that
thou art fulfilling a vow, but be obedient, and take this which we offer thee
with a blessing." Further, he said to the saint: "Dost know why I
sent for thee? I desire, while I yet live, to find a man able to feed Christ's
flock. I have doubted of them all; thee alone have I chosen as worthy. I know
with all certainty that, from the highest prince to the lowliest of his people,
thou art the one they want."
On hearing this the saint was deeply grieved, regarding honour for himself as a
thing of naught, he pleaded with the bishop: "Forgive me, Lord, but this
of which you speak is beyond my powers, and you never will find it in me. What
am 1 but a sinner, and the least of men?"
The bishop quoted many sayings from Holy Scriptures, but the saint, unyielding
in his humility, said, "Gracious Lord, if you do not wish to drive away my
poverty from your Holiness, speak no more about my poor self, nor permit anyone
else, for no one can make me otherwise."
The bishop, understanding that the saint would not yield, allowed him to return
to his monastery. Before long the Metropolitan Aleksei left this life, in the
year 1378 (6885); and once more the princes implored the saint to accept the
rank of bishop; but, firm as adamant, he would in no way consent.
Then a certain archimandrite, Michael, was raised to the bishopric; but this
man, with great presumption, not only invested himself with the episcopal robes
but also proceeded to plot against the saint, in the belief that the venerable
Sergius would put a check on his audacity, wishing to occupy the episcopal
throne himself. Blessed Sergius, hearing of Michael's threats against him,
remarked to his disciples that Michael, vaunting himself of his sacred
appointment, would not obtain his wish, for, overcome by pride, he would not
reach the imperial city.
The saint's prophecy was fulfilled. On his way by boat to Constantinople,
Michael fell ill and died. Thereupon everyone regarded St. Sergius as one of
the prophets.
Part 7 St. Sergius's
Repose and Miracles
One day the blessed
father was praying, as was his wont, before the image of the Mother of our Lord
Jesus Christ. Having sung "Meet it is" to the Blessed Virgin, he sat
down to rest a while, saying to his disciple, Micah, "Son, be calm and be
bold, for a wonderful and fearful event is about to happen." Instantly a
voice was heard, "The Blessed Virgin is coming."
Hearing this the saint hurried from his cell into the corridor. A dazzling
radiance shone upon the saint, brighter than the sun, and he beheld the Blessed
Virgin, with the two Apostles Peter and John, in ineffable glory. Unable to
bear so resplendent a vision, the saint fell to the ground.
The Blessed Virgin, touching the saint with her hand, said: "Be not
afraid, mine own elect, I have come to visit thee. Thy prayers for thy
disciples for whom thou prayest, and for thy monastery, have been heard. Be not
troubled; from henceforth it will flourish, not only during thy lifetime but
when thou goest to the Lord, I will be with thy monastery, supplying its needs
lavishly, providing for it, protecting it." Having thus spoken, she
vanished.
The saint, in ecstasy, stood in trembling awe and wonder. Returning slowly to
his senses, he saw his disciple, terror-struck, lying on the ground, whereupon
he raised him up; but the other flung himself down at the feet of the elder,
saying, "Tell me, Father, for Gods sake what miraculous vision was this?
For my spirit almost loosed its bonds with the flesh from so resplendent a
vision." The saint, so filled with ecstasy that his face glowed therewith,
was unable to answer other than a few words, "Wait a white, son, for I,
too, am trembling with awe and wonder at this miraculous vision."
They continued in silent adoration until, finally, the saint said to his
disciple, "Son, call hither Isaac and Simon." When these two came, he
recounted to them all that had happened, how he bad beheld the Blessed Virgin
with the Apostles, and what a wonderful promise she had given him. Hearing this
their hearts were filled with indescribable joy, and they all sang the "Magnificat,"
and glorified God.
All night long the saint remained in meditation on this ineffable vision. After
a while, a Greek bishop came from Constantinople to Moscow, but, although he
had heard a great deal about the saint, his doubt about him prevailed, for, he
reasoned, "How can such a light have appeared in this savage land, more
especially in these latter days?" He therefore resolved to go to the
monastery and see the saint. When he drew near to the monastery, fear entered
his soul, and as soon as he entered the monastery and beheld the saint,
blindness fell upon him.
The venerable Sergius took him by the hand and led him to his cell. The bishop,
with tears, confessed his doubts to the saint, and prayed for the recovery of
his sight. The gentle lover of humility touched his blinded pupils, and, as it
were, scales fell from his eyes, and instantly he recovered his sight. The
bishop proclaimed to all that the saint was indeed a man of God and that in
God's mercy he himself had been deemed worthy to behold a celestial man and an
earthly angel.
A moneylender, living near the saint's monastery, and who, like the strong in
all ages, oppressed the poor, ill-treated a certain poor orphan, and, moreover,
carried off his pig which was being fattened, and without paying for it had it
killed. The ill-used orphan went to the saint in great distress and, weeping,
begged for help. The saint, moved by compassion, sent for the offender,
convicted him of wrongdoing, and said, "My son, do you believe that God is
a judge of the righteous and of sinners; a father to widows and orphans; that
he is quick to avenge and that it is a fearful thing to come under the wrath of
God?" Having reproached him and told him he must pay what he owed to the
orphan, he added, "Above all, do not oppress the poor." The man,
overcome by fear, promised to amend and to pay the orphan, then returned to his
own house.
Little by little the effect of the saint's rebuke grew faint, and he decided
not to pay his debt to the orphan. And, thinking it over in his mind, he went
as usual into his larder, where he found the pig half devoured and swarming
with maggots, although it was midwinter. He was stricken with fear, and without
delay paid the debt; and ordered the pig to be thrown to the dogs and birds to
eat, but they would not touch it and clear the usurer of his offence.
Now, again, one day, the saint was reciting the divine liturgy with one of his
disciples, venerable Simon, the ecclesiarch, of whom we have already spoken,
when a wonderful vision was vouchsafed to Simon. While the saint was saying the
liturgy, Simon saw a flame pass along the altar, illuminating it and
surrounding the holy table; as the saint was about to partake of the Blessed
Sacrament the glorious flame coiled itself and entered the sacred chalice; and
the saint thus received Communion. Simon, who saw this, trembled with fear.
The saint, when he moved away from the altar, understood that Simon had been
deemed worthy of this miraculous vision, and telling him to approach, asked,
"Son, why are you fearful?" The other replied, "Master, I beheld
a miraculous vision; the grace of the Holy Spirit operating with you." The
saint forbade him to speak of it: "Tell no one of this which you have
seen, until the Lord calls me away from this life."
The saint lived a number of years, continually chastening himself with fasting,
and working unceasingly. He performed many unfathomable miracles, and reached
an advanced age, never failing from his place at divine service; the older his
body grew, the stronger grew his fervour, in no way weakened by age.
He became aware of his approaching end six months before, and assembling the
brotherhood he appointed his dearest disciple to take his place, one perfect in
all virtue, following his master in all things, small of stature, but in mind a
'continual blossoming, whose name was Nikon. The saint exhorted him to guide
Christ's flock with patient care and justice.
The great ascetic soon began to lose strength and in September was taken
seriously ill. Seeing his end, he again assembled his flock and delivered a
final exhortation. He made them promise to be steadfast in orthodoxy and to
preserve amity amongst men; to keep pure in body and soul; to love truth; to
avoid all evil and carnal lusts; to be moderate in food and drink; above all,
to be clothed with humility; not to forget love of their neighbour; to avoid
controversy, and on no account to set value on honour and praise in this life,
but rather to await reward from God for the joys of heaven and eternal
blessings.
Having instructed them in many things, he concluded, "I am, by God's will,
about to leave you, and 1 commit you to Almighty God and the Immaculate Virgin,
Mother of God, that they may be to you a refuge and rock of defence against the
snares of your enemies." his soul was about to leave his body, he partook
of the sacred Body and Blood, supported in the arms of his disciples raising
his hands to heaven, with a prayer on his lips, he surrendered his pure, holy
soul to the Lord, in the year 1393 (6900), September 25th, as was supposed, at
the age of seventy-eight. After his death an ineffable sweet odour flowed from
the saint's body.
The entire brotherhood gathered around him and, weeping and sobbing, laid on
its bier the body of him who in life had been so noble and unresting, and
accompanied him with psalms and funeral orisons. The saint's face, unlike that
of other dead, glowed with the life of the living, or as one of Gods angels,
witnessing to the purity of his soul, and God's reward for all his labours. His
body was laid to rest within the monastery of his own creation.
Many were the miracles that took place at his death and after, and still are
taking place, giving strength to weaker members of the community, deliverance
from the crafts and wiles of evil spirits, and sight to the blind. The saint
had no wish during his life for renown, neither in death, but by God's Almighty
Power he was glorified. Angels were present at his passing into the heavens,
opening for him the gates of paradise and leading him toward the longed-for
blessings, into the peace of the righteous, the ever-looked-for glory of the
Blessed Trinity.
SOURCE : http://www.st-sergius.org/life1.html
San Sergio di Radonez Eremita,
egumeno
25
settembre
Rostov, Russia, 1314 c. -
Monastero della Trinità, Serghiev Posad, Russia, 25 settembre 1392
Sergio e i suoi genitori
furono scacciati dalla loro casa dalla guerra civile e dovettero guadagnarsi da
vivere facendo i contadini a Radonez, a nord-est di Mosca. A vent'anni Sergio
inizia un'esperienza di eremitaggio, insieme al fratello Stefano, nella vicina
foresta. Presto altri uomini si uniscono a loro e nel 1354 si trasformano in
monaci, conducendo vita comune. Nasce così il monastero della Santa
Trinità (Troice-Lavra), punto di riferimento per il monachesimo della Russia
settentrionale. Sergio fonda anche altre case religiose, direttamente o
indirettamente. Nel 1375 rifiuta la sede metropolitana di Mosca, ma continua a
usare la sua influenza per mantenere la pace fra i principi rivali. È stato uno
dei primi santi russi a cui furono attribuite visioni mistiche. Attraverso il
suo discepolo Nil Sorskij si diffuse l'esicasmo, la preghiera del cuore resa
celebre dai «Racconti di un pellegrino russo»: «Signore Gesù Cristo, figlio di
Dio, abbi pietà di me». Il monastero della Trinità di Serghiev Posad è ancora
oggi meta di pellegrinaggi. Fu canonizzato in Russia prima del 1449. (Avvenire)
Etimologia: Sergio = che
salva, custodisce, seminatore, dal latino
Martirologio Romano: Nel
monastero della Santissima Trinità a Mosca in Russia, san Sergio di Radonez,
che, dopo aver condotto vita eremitica in foreste selvagge, abbracciò la vita
cenobitica e, eletto egúmeno, la propagò, mostrandosi uomo mite, consigliere di
príncipi e consolatore dei fedeli.
Sergio e i suoi genitori
furono scacciati dalla loro casa dalla guerra civile e dovettero guadagnarsi da
vivere facendo i contadini a Radonezh, a nord-est di Mosca. A vent'anni Sergio
iniziò una vita da eremita, insieme a suo fratello Stefano, nella vicina
foresta; in seguito altri uomini si unirono a loro, e ciò che ci vien detto di
questi eremiti ricorda i primi seguaci di san Francesco d'Assisi, specialmente
per quanto riguarda il loro atteggiamento verso la natura selvaggia -
nonostante le differenze climatiche e di altro genere fra l'Umbria e la Russia
centrale. Uno scrittore russo ha detto che il loro capo "odora di fresco
legno d'abete".
Nel 1354 essi si trasformarono in monaci che conducevano una vera e propria
vita comune; questo cambiamento provocò dei dissensi che avrebbero potuto
spaccare per sempre la comunità se non fosse stato per la condotta
disinteressata di san Sergio. Questo monastero della Santa Trinità
(Troice-Lavra) divenne per il monachesimo della Russia settentrionale quello
che le Grotte di san Teodosio erano state per la provináa di Kiev nel sud.
Sergio fondò altre case religiose, direttamente o indirettamente, e la sua fama
si diffuse moltissimo; nel 1375 rifiutò la sede metropolitana di Mosca, ma usò
la sua influenza per mantenere la pace fra i prinápi rivali. Quando (secondo la
tradizione) Dimitrij Donskoj, principe di Mosca nel 1380, lo consultò per
chiedere se doveva continuare la sua rivolta armata contro i signori tartari,
Sergio lo incoraggiò ad andare avanti: ciò portò alla grande vittoria di
Kulikovo. San Sergio è il più amato di tutti i santi russi, non soltanto per
l'influenza che ebbe in un periodo critico della storia russa, ma anche per il
tipo d'uomo che era. Per il carattere, se non per l'origine, era un tipico "santo
contadino": semplice, umile, serio e gentile, un "buon vicino".
Insegnò ai suoi monaci che servire gli altri faceva parte della loro vocazione,
e le persone che indicò loro come modelli erano gli uomini dell'antichità che
avevano fuggito il mondo ma aiutavano il loro prossimo; veniva posta un'enfasi
particolare sulla povertà personale e comune e sullo sradicamento
dell'ostinazione.
San Sergio fu uno dei primi santi russi a cui furono attribuite visioni
mistiche (visioni della Beata Vergine connesse con la liturgia eucaristica) e,
come in san Serafino di Sarov, talvolta compariva in lui una certa
trasfigurazione fisica attraverso la luce. Il popolo lo vedeva come un uomo
scelto da Dio, sul quale riposava visibilmente la grazia dello Spirito; ancor
oggi molta gente va in pellegriaggio al suo santuario nel monastero della
Trinità di Serghiev Posad.
Fu canonizzato in Russia prima del 1449.
Autore: Donald Attwater
San Sergio di Radonež
Questa è la storia di un
bambino triste perché ama i libri, ma non può leggerli. Ha tanta buona volontà,
eppure non riesce a imparare a leggere. Bartolomeo, questo è il suo vero nome,
nasce a Rostov (Russia) nel 1314. Ha genitori bravi e religiosi e due
fratellini, Stefano e Pietro. A causa della guerra Bartolomeo e la sua famiglia
perdono la loro bella casa e sono costretti a rifugiarsi a Radonež (Mosca) dove
coltivano la terra per sfamarsi.
Un giorno, il piccolo Bartolomeo incontra nel bosco un vecchio monaco al quale
racconta la sua difficoltà a leggere. Il monaco si impietosisce e gli regala un
pezzetto di pane “speciale”, un pane benedetto. Dopo averlo mangiato,
Bartolomeo riesce subito a leggere un passo del Vangelo che il monaco gli porge.
Questo fatto miracoloso cambia la vita del bambino che decide di diventare egli
stesso monaco. Va a vivere con il fratello Stefano sul fiume Konchora come un
eremita. I fratelli costruiscono una capanna con la legna. Qui pregano e
contemplano il Creato di Dio. La vita è dura nella foresta. Così Stefano si
trasferisce in un convento a Mosca. Invece Bartolomeo resiste e dopo aver preso
i voti si fa chiamare Sergio. Il futuro santo divide il suo poco pane con un
orso di cui diventa amico. La gente comincia a parlare dell’eremita. Desidera
conoscerlo. Molti vanno da lui per chiedere consiglio. Alcuni intendono restare
con lui, imitarlo. Sergio accoglie tutti con spirito di carità. Assieme agli
altri monaci prega e ognuno si costruisce una capanna.
Un giorno Sergio e i monaci decidono di abitare in un convento fatto di
mattoni. Nasce il Monastero della Santa Trinità a Sergiev Posad (Mosca).
Passano i mesi e gli anni e in maniera prodigiosa il necessario per vivere
arriva puntuale, non solo per i monaci, ma anche per i poveri del circondario e
per i pellegrini che vengono ospitati. Attorno al monastero sorge un villaggio
e Sergio, seppure anziano, rimane un “santo contadino” come viene chiamato:
spacca la legna, coltiva l’orto, trasporta l’acqua, cucina, lava le scodelle,
aiuta i bisognosi e compie miracoli. Sergio spesso è avvolto da una luce
luminosa e, quando prega, accanto a lui si vedono gli angeli. Muore nel 1392 a
Sergiev Posad, oggi meta di devoto pellegrinaggio. Festeggiato anche dalla
Chiesa ortodossa, è stato proclamato patrono della Russia.
Autore: Mariella Lentini
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/71950
Boris ZAÏTZEFF. Saint Serge de Radonège : https://www.biblisem.net/etudes/zaitsain.htm
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