Saint Juste de Rochester
Archevêque de Cantorbéry (+ 632)
Martyrologe romain
SOURCE : https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/78/Saint-Juste-de-Rochester.html
Profile
Benedictine monk. Priest. Missionary to
the Anglo-Saxons in 601,
sent by Pope Saint Gregory
the Great. Worked with Saint Augustine
of Canterbury, Saint Paulinus
of York, and Saint Lawrence
of Canterbury. First bishop of Rochester, England in 604.
In 616,
the death of King Saint Ethelbert
of Kent led to a resurgence of paganism;
Justus and Saint Mellitus
of Canterbury retreated to Gaul,
but in 617 returned
and resumed their work. Archbishop of Canterbury in 624.
Born
627 of
natural causes
buried in
Saint Augustine’s abbey, Canterbury, England
archbishop carrying
a Primatial cross
Additional Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Catholic
Encyclopedia, by Edwin Burton
Lives
of the Saints, by Father Alban
Butler
Roman
Martyrology, 1914 edition
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other sites in english
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Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
fonti in italiano
MLA Citation
“Saint Justus of Canterbury“. CatholicSaints.Info.
11 August 2020. Web. 10 November 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-justus-of-canterbury/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-justus-of-canterbury/
St. Justus
Fourth Archbishop of Canterbury; died 627 (?). For the particulars of
his life we are almost entirely dependent on Venerable Bede's "Historia
Ecclesiastica", the additions of medieval writers,
such as William of
Malmesbury or Elmham, possessing no authority. Justus was one of the
second band of missionaries sent by St. Gregory the Great,
the company which arrived in 601 to reinforce St. Augustine and
which conveyed the relics,
books, sacred
vessels, and other gifts sent by the pope. It is not certain
whether he was a secular
priest or a monk. St. Bede is silent
on the point and only later monastic writers from Canterbury claim
him as one of their own order. In 604 he was consecrated by St. Augustine as
first Bishop of
Rochester, on which occasion King Ethelbert bestowed on the new see, by
charter, a territory called Priestfield and other lands. Other charters in
which his name occurs are of dubious authenticity. After the death of Augustine, Justus joined
with the new Archbishop,
St. Laurence, and with Mellitus of London in
addressing letters to the recalcitrant British bishops, but without
effect. During the heathen reaction
which followed the death of Ethelbert, Justus was expelled from his see and took refuge
in Gaul for a year, after which he was recalled by Eadbald who had been
converted by St. Laurence. On the death of St. Mellitus (24
April, 624) who had succeeded St. Laurence as archbishop, St. Justus
was elected to the vacant primacy. The letter which Pope Boniface addressed
to him when sending him the pallium is
preserved by Venerable
Bede (H. F., II, 8). He was already an old man, and little is recorded
of his pontificate except that he consecrated Romanus
as Bishop of
Rochester and St. Paulinus as Bishop for the North. His anniversary was kept
at Canterbury on
10 November, but there is uncertainty as to the year of his death, though 627,
the commonly received date, would appear to be correct, especially as it fits
in with the period of three years usually assigned by the chroniclers to his
archiepiscopate. He was buried with his
predecessors at St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, and is
commemorated in the English supplement to the Missal and Breviary on 10
November.
Sources
BEDE, Hist. Ecc. Gentis Anglorum, I, 29; II,
3-16; CHALLONER, Britannia Sancta, II (London, 1745), 263; HOOK, Lives
of the Archbishops of Canterbury, I (London, 1860); HADDON AND STUBBS, Ecclesiastical
Documents, III (London, 1878), 72-81; STUBBS, in Dict. Christ. Biog.,
S.V.; HUNT, in Dict. Nat. Biog., S.V.; BOLLANDISTS, Bibliotheca
Hagiographica Latina, I (Brussels, 1898-1899).
Burton, Edwin. "St. Justus." The
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1910. 9 Nov.
2021 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08586a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for
New Advent by Stephen W. Shackelford. Dedicated to my son, Justin W.
Shackelford.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October
1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal
Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2020
by Kevin Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08586a.htm
Saints of the Day – Justus of
Canterbury
Article
Died 627. Justus came to England with the second band
of Roman priests sent by Saint Gregory the Great in 601 to reinforce the
mission to the Anglo-Saxons. In 604 Saint Augustine of Canterbury consecrated
him the first bishop of Rochester. He fled to Gaul with Saint Mellitus during
the heathen reaction after the death of King Ethelbert of Kent in 616, but soon
returned.
In 624, Justus became the fourth archbishop of
Canterbury, succeeding Saint Laurence. It was Justus who consecrated Saint
Paulinus when Paulinus accompanied Saint Ethelburga of Kent to her marriage
with King Saint Edwin of Northumbria. When sending him the pallium, the badge
of his new office, Pope Boniface V wrote of Justus’s known constancy and vigilance
in the cause of Christ’s Gospel.
The Saint Justus or Just whose name occurs in two
Cornish parishes has not been adequately identified (Attwater, Benedictines,
Delaney).
MLA Citation
Katherine I Rabenstein. Saints
of the Day, 1998. CatholicSaints.Info.
11 August 2020. Web. 10 November 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-justus-of-canterbury/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-justus-of-canterbury/
JUSTUS OF CANTERBURY, ST.
First bishop of Rochester, fourth archbishop of
Canterbury; d. Nov. 10, 627. A member of gregory i's second missionary group,
which arrived in England in 601, he was consecrated bishop for west Kent in 604
by augustine of canterbury and established his see at rochester, where St.
Andrew's was built as his cathedral. He was driven from his see c. 617
during a pagan reaction, but was received back after a year in Gaul. He
succeeded mellitus (d. April 24, 627) as archbishop of canterbury. The chief
accomplishment of his primacy was the consecration of paulinus of york in 625
as missionary bishop for Northumbria. The opening of this mission resulted
eventually in the founding of the second primatial see at york. Justus was
buried in the church of Saints Peter and Paul, Canterbury (see saint augustine,
abbey of).
Feast: Nov. 10.
Bibliography: Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica 1.29;
2.3–9, 18. Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great
Britain and Ireland, ed. A. W. Haddan and W. Stubbs, 3 v. in 4
(Oxford 1869–78) 3:72–81. W. Bright, Chapters of Early
English Church History (3d ed. Oxford 1897). W. Stubbs, A
Dictionary of Christian Biography, ed. W. Smith and H. Wace, 4 v. (London
1877–87) 3:592–593.
[R. D. Ware]
Book of Saints – Justus of
Canterbury
Article
(Saint) Bishop (November
10) (7th
century) A Roman monk,
one of those sent by Saint Gregory the Great (A.D. 601)
to reinforce the mission of Saint Augustine to
the Anglo-Saxons. In 604 he
was consecrated first Bishop of Rochester; and in 624 succeeded Saint Mellitus
at Canterbury. He died A.D. 627,
having begun, through Saint Paulinus,
whom he consecrated first Archbishop of York,
the Apostolate of Northumbria, later to be taken up by Saint Aidan.
Pope Saint Boniface IV, his contemporary, in a letter still extant, speaks of
him in terms of high praise.
MLA Citation
Monks of Ramsgate. “Justus of Canterbury”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info.
12 August 2018. Web. 10 November 2021.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-justus-of-canterbury/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-justus-of-canterbury/
St Augustine's Abbey - gravesites of Mellitus, Justus
and Laurence, all early Archbishops of Canterbury. Mellitus was also the first
Bishop of London and Justus was the first Bishop of Rochester.
Les tombes des archevêques Mellitus, Juste et Laurent à l'abbaye Saint-Augustin de Cantorbéry.
November 10
St. Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury, Confessor
HE was a Roman by birth, and a learned and
virtuous monk of St. Gregory’s monastery, by whom he was sent into England in
601, to assist St. Austin in preaching the faith there. In 604, he was
consecrated the first bishop of Rochester, and in 624, upon the death of St.
Mellitus, translated to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury. Pope Boniface
accompanied the pall which he sent him, with a letter in which he admired the
fruit of his labours, in the great number of souls which he had initiated in
the faithful service of God; and extolled his patience and zeal, exhorting him
to persevere to the end, lest he should lose his crown. St. Justus ordained St.
Romanus his successor at Rochester, and St. Paulinus the first archbishop of
York, and went to receive his reward at the hands of the Prince of pastors on
the 10th of November, in 627. He was interred with his two predecessors, and is
named on this day in the Roman and English Martyrologies.
Rev. Alban Butler (1711–73). Volume
XI: November. The Lives of the Saints. 1866
SOURCE : https://www.bartleby.com/210/11/103.html
St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury - gravestone of
Justus, fourth archbishop of Canterbury
San Giusto di
Canterbury Vescovo
Roma ? – Canterbury, 627
Monaco benedettino romano, fu missionario fra gli
anglosassoni con sant'Agostino. Fu vescovo di Rochester e poi arcivescovo di
Canterbury.
Emblema: Bastone pastorale
Martirologio Romano: A Canterbury in Inghilterra,
san Giusto, vescovo, che fu mandato dal papa san Gregorio Magno insieme con
altri monaci per aiutare sant’Agostino nell’evangelizzazione dell’Inghilterra e
divenne infine vescovo di questa sede.
Gregorio Magno e la sua politica missionaria
Dalla cronotassi degli arcivescovi di Canterbury, al
quarto posto risulta il nome di Giusto: Sant’Agostino benedettino (Roma 13
novembre 534 - 26 maggio 604 deceduto); San Lorenzo († 28 aprile 604 consacrato
- 2 febbraio 619 deceduto); San Mellito († 619 - 24 aprile 624 deceduto; San
Giusto († 624 - 10 novembre 627 deceduto); Sant’Onorio († 627 - 30 settembre
653 deceduto), etc.
Verso la fine del VI secolo, papa Gregorio Magno
intraprese una campagna di evangelizzazione della Britannia cristiana, dopo la
prima fase ad opera di San Patrizio e di San Colombano, cui, però, era
succeduto una diffusione di paganesimo e d’idolatria. Da Roma, papa Gregorio,
nella primavera del 596, inviò una quarantina di monaci benedettini, guidati
dal priore Agostino. Il drappello giunse nella primavera del 597, accolto da re
Etelberto, che in precedenza aveva sposata la cristiana Berta, figlia del re
franco Cariberto di Parigi.
La presenza della nuova regina Berta, fu di grande
auspicio. Difatti, insieme a lei arrivò alla corte di Kent anche il vescovo
Liutardo, che per esigenze spirituali della Regina adattò a chiesa una
costruzione romana, dedicandola san Martino di Tours. E nella Pasqua del 601,
lo stesso re Etelberto si fece battezzare e si convertì al cristianesimo,
divenendo così anche il primo monarca cristiano del mondo anglosassone.
Nel 602, il vescovo Agostino istituì la sede vescovile
di Canterbury, erigendo la nuova cattedrale, dedicata a Cristo Salvatore;
mentre nei pressi della chiesa di san Martino eresse un monastero, nella cui
chiesa, a San Pietro dedicata, vennero raccolte le tombe dei vescovi e dei
reami della corte di Canterbury. Dopo alcune successioni, nel 624 papa
Bonifacio V inviò il pallio di primate a Giusto di Canterbury, che lo tenne
fino alla morte, avvenuta il 10 novembre 627.
Alla morte di sant’Etelberto, salì al trono il figlio
Edbaldo, che ben presto ripudiò la fede cristiana e cominciò anche a
perseguitare i seguaci di Cristo, tanto che alcuni preferirono rifugiarsi nella
vicina Gallia, come per esempio Mellito e Giusto, mentre Lorenzo restò sulla
cattedra, sfidando il nuovo Re. Alla fine, Edbaldo, a causa della fortezza e
tenacia del Vescovo Lorenzo, si convertì al cristianesimo, e così anche i
vescovi Mellito e Giusto, insieme ad altri cristiani, fecero ritorno nel regno
di Kent. Quando il vescovo Lorenzo, morì nel 619, ebbe la degna sepoltura a
fianco di Sant’Agostino, nell’abbazia di Canterbury
Profilo biografico di Giusto
Non si conosce la data di nascita di Giusto. Con
certezza si sa che nella seconda missione organizzata da Gregorio Magno, nel
601, per evangelizzare l’Inghilterra, dopo il primo drappello di quaranta
monaci benedettini, con a capo l’abate Agostino; inviò un altro gruppo di
missionari, in aiuto al primo, capeggiato dall’abate benedettino Mellito,
insieme ai monaci Paolino, Rufiniano e a Giusto. Certamente d’origine romano, Giusto apparteneva
all’Ordine di San Benedetto, nel monastero di Sant’Andrea sul Clivo di Scauro
al Celio, in Roma.
Con la conversione del Re Etelberto, l’Arcivescovo di
Canterbury, il monaco Agostino, istituì la cattedrale di Sant’Andrea, e come
Primate consacrò primo vescovo di Rochester proprio Giusto nel 604. In questo
periodo, l'evento più importante della sua nuova missione pastorale di Giusto
fu l'evangelizzazione della Northumbria. Compito reso più agevole anche dal
matrimonio di Edwin, re della Northumbria, con Ethelberta, sorella di Edbardo,
re di Kent.
Durante questa missione, Paolino fu consacrato
arcivescovo di York da Giusto e, nel giro di due anni, re Edwin fu battezzato
con molti dei suoi sudditi in una piccola chiesa costruita a York vicino
all'odierna cattedrale.
Dopo il forzato esilio in Gallia, nel 618, a causa
della persecuzione contro i cristiani da parte del nuovo Re Edbaldo. Giusto e
gli altri rientrarono l’anno successivo, a causa della conversione dello stesso
Re Edbaldo, che favorì il ritorno in patria. Alla morte del Vescovo Mellito, il
24 aprile 624, Giusto gli successe sulla cattedra primaziale di Canterbury,
come quarto arcivescovo.
Per la l’elezione ad arcivescovo di Canterbury, ricevette
direttamente dal papa Bonifacio V il pallio primaziale, insieme a una lettera
elogiativa per il suo assiduo ministero svolto a vantaggio delle popolazioni
britanniche. Resse la cattedra di Canterbury fino alla sua morte, il 10
novembre 627. Venne sepolto nella chiesa abbaziale dei SS Pietro e Paolo.
Culto e santità
Sulla tomba del santo Arcivescovo Giusto si sviluppò
subito e immediatamente una speciale venerazione e un culto pubblico, tanto da
riconoscerlo e proclamarlo come Santo. E come tale lo venerano la Chiesa
cattolica, le Chiese Ortodosse orientali e la Chiesa Anglicana.
La festa liturgica ricorre il 10 novembre.
Autore: P. Giovanni Lauriola ofm
