mardi 8 septembre 2015

Saint CORBINIEN de FREISING, évêque, missionnaire et confesseur


Jan Polack  (1435–1519), Das Bärenwunder, aus dem Weihenstephaner Altar, 1489, im Diözesanmuseum im ehemaligen Andreasstift in Freising . Der Heilige Korbinian von Freising als Bischof bei seiner Überquerung der Alpen auf dem Weg nach Rom im Jahre 710 (seiner zweiten Romreise), 1489, Dommuseum Freising  

Saint Corbinien

Évêque de Freising, en Bavière (+ 725)

Il est né probablement à Arpajon, près de Paris. Il s'appela d'abord Waldkiso comme son père. Quand elle fut devenue veuve, il prit le nom de sa mère, Corbinia, pour lui témoigner son affection. Quelques années plus tard, on le retrouve à Rome où il voudrait devenir ermite dans l'une ou l'autre des catacombes, près du tombeau des martyrs. Le Pape Grégoire II le reçut comme un personnage important, mais n'accorda pas de réponse positive à sa demande. Il lui confère l'épiscopat et le charge d'entreprendre la conversion de la Bavière dont quelques habitants seulement étaient alors chrétiens. Le duc régnant l'accueille et le soutient. Saint Corbinien réside alors à Freising qui est aussi la ville de résidence du duc de Bavière, Grimoald. Il obtient de Grimoald qu'il se sépare de sa femme Pilitrude en raison de sa situation matrimoniale non conforme aux canons de l'Eglise. Saint Corbinien doit quitter Freising de peur d'être assassiné par les fidèles de l'ancienne duchesse. Quand celle-ci fut emmenée comme otage par les Francs, il reviendra à Freising où il meurt au moment où Charles Martel achève la conquête de la Bavière.

- vidéo: L’histoire de St Corbinien, saint patron du diocèse d’Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes, Le père Gatineau, recteur de la basilique de Notre-Dame de Bonne-Garde de Longpont-sur-Orge, nous enseigne sur St Corbinien, né au VIIe siècle, probablement à Arpajon, près de Paris et devenu évêque fondateur de l'église en Bavière.

Évêque fondateur de l'église en Bavière. Bien peu de personnes en France connaissent le nom de Corbinien, qui naquit pourtant dans l'actuel département de l'Essonne et qui est au nombre de ces grands missionnaires qui firent l'Europe chrétienne. La gloire de Corbinien est en effet d'avoir évangélisé la Bavière et fondé le diocèse de Munich-Freising... (Saint Corbinien - diocèse d'Evry)

Suite à une refonte complète du site officiel du diocèse d’Évry la page consacrée à Saint Corbinien a été supprimée. Sur le site consacré à la cathédrale vous trouverez la vie de Saint Corbinien racontée par les tapisserie de la cathédrale.

SOURCE : https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1819/Saint-Corbinien.html

Franz Joseph Lederer (1676-1733). Porträtgemälde des Hl. Korbinian, Bischof von Freising, im Fürstengang zwischen Fürstbischöflicher Residenz und Freisinger Dom.


Saint Corbinien est né à Saint Germain de Châtres (aujourd'hui Saint Germain lès Arpajon) en 680 où il créa un monastère. Sa réputation grandissant, sa retraite devint un lieu de pèlerinage. En 716, il part pour Rome voir le pape afin de lui demander de reconnaître son œuvre.

Ordonné évêque par Grégoire II, il repart en mission en Gaule. Devenu encore plus célèbre il doit se retirer sept ans dans son monastère de Saint Germain. Il retourne alors à Rome supplier le pape d'être relevé de sa charge. Celui-ci lui demande cependant de continuer son évangélisation.

Au cours d'un de ses voyages, pendant la traversée de la Bavière, la légende raconte qu'il fut attaqué par un ours qui dévora son âne. Corbinien, après avoir prié, lui ordonna de lui servir de monture. C'est pourquoi il est souvent représenté accompagné d'un ours. Retenu par Grimoald, prince de Bavière, il s'installa à Freising où il évangélisa la population et fit bâtir une cathédrale. La ville devint le centre de la vie chrétienne bavaroise. Il mourut le 8 septembre 730 au monastère de Weihenstephan, vénéré comme un Père de la Foi. La châsse contenant les reliques du saint est conservée dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising. Il est le Saint Patron du diocèse de Munich-Freising.

Sa fête est célébrée le 8 septembre dans le diocèse d'Évry et le 20 novembre en Bavière. L'ours de Saint Corbinien est représenté sur les armoiries du pape Benoît XVI qui fut archevêque de Munich-Freising. Ce dernier créa en 2010 le titre de cardinal-prêtre de l'église San Corbiniano de Rome dont le premier titulaire est Monseigneur Marx, l'archevêque de Munich-Freising.

Les tapisseries de la cathédrale illustrent quelques passages importants de sa vie.

SOURCE : https://cathedrale-evry.net/textes/hommes.htm

S. Corbinianus adolescens - Castri vitam solitariam agit - Le jeune saint Corbinien mène une vie retirée à Châtres (Arpajon).

Hymne de Saint Corbinien

Témoin de Jésus Seigneur,
tu révèles sa lumière ;
heureux qui te suis, Saint Corbinien !
Ta clarté sur nos chemins
conduira les pèlerins vers le jour de Dieu.

La foi que tu portes au cœur,
Tu l'annonces à tous les frères ;
brûlants sont tes mots, Saint Corbinien !
Parle-nous du Crucifié
Jésus-Christ ressuscité
Le berger de Dieu

St. Corbinianus Romam venit et episcopus creatur - Saint Corbinien arrive à Rome où il est ordonné évêque.


Hymne an Sankt Korbinian

Deiner hohen Herrlichkeit
lass den Preis uns singen,
großer Bishof Sankt Korbinian!
Sieh das Land, das dir geweiht,
überströmt in Freuden heut,
nimm sein Loblied an!

Sei uns hilfreich zugewandt
Und erhalt uns in der Liebe,
guter Vater Sankt Korbinian!
Knüpfe neu der Einheit Band,
bitt um Frieden für das Land,
heiliger Gottesmann!



S. Corbinianus Adalbertum a supplicio liberat - Saint Corbinien libère Adalbert du supplice. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.


9 septembre

Saint Corbinien

Né à Châtres (Arpajon)1, fils du franc Valdéchise et de Corbinia qui était peut-être celte, il reçut au baptême le nom de son père, mais élevé par sa mère devenue veuve, il se fit appeler de son nom. Il vécut pendant une quinzaine d'années en reclus, dans une cellule qu'il avait construit à côté d'une église consacrée à saint Germain d'Auxerre (Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon) où il formait des clercs pour le service pastoral.

Lors d'un pélerinage à Rome, il fut remarqué par Grégoire II (715 + 731) qui lui conféra la consécration épiscopale et l'envoya évangéliser les Gaules puis la Bavière où, aidé par le duc Grimoald de Freising, il devint le premier évêque de ce qui sera plus tard une partie du diocèse de Munich, encore que le premier évêque proprement résidentiel ne fut que son successeur, Erimbert, installé et sacré par saint Boniface en 739.

On suppose qu'il mourut dans son diocèse le 8 ou le 9 septembre 725 : au matin, il prit un bain, se fit refaire la tonsure et, après avoir célébré la messe, fut reconduit chez lui où, après avoir bu un peu de vin et baisé le crucifix, il mourut paisiblement. Il avait demandé qu'on l'enterra sur le Zeno-Berg, près Meran où sa dépouille resta jusqu'à ce qu'un de ses successeurs, l'évêque Arbeo, qui fut aussi son biographe, le fit transférer dans la crypte de la cathédrale Sainte-Marie de Freising (20 novembre 768).

En 1711, le curé de la paroisse Saint-Germain de Châtres (Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon) demanda au chapitre de Freising des reliques de saint Corbinien et il reçut une vertèbre, une côte entière et un fragment de côte qui furent mis dans une châsse de bois doré, exposée dans le mur, derrière le maître-autel ; le cardinal de Noailles permit l'établissement d'une confrérie ; les curés de Saint-Germain furent nommés chanoines honoraires de la cathédrale de Freising dont ils portaient l'habit.

1 Le bourg et le prieuré d'Arpajon ne portent ce nom que depuis l'achat de la terre et de la seigneurie de Châtres par Louis II marquis d'Arpajon, en 1720 ; le prieuré Saint-Clément dépendait de l'abbaye Saint-Maur-des Fossés.

SOURCE : http://missel.free.fr/Sanctoral/09/09.php

Sanctus Corbinianus urso sarcinas imponit - Saint Corbinien ordonne à l'ours de porter ses bagages. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.


Corbinian of Freising B (RM)

Born at Châtres (near Melun), France; died 730. This early apostle of Bavaria was baptized Waldegiso after his father, but his mother changed his name to Corbinian, after herself--it must a been a very interesting family life! He lived as a anchorite for 14 years in a cell that he built near a chapel in Châtres on the road to Orléans. The fame of his sanctity, which was increased by the occurrence of several miracles and the prudent advice that he gave in spiritual matters, drew several followers whom he formed into a religious community under his discipline.

The distraction that this gave him made him think of seeking some new place where he might live in obscurity, and because he also had a devotion to Saint Peter, he determined to go to Rome and become an anchorite. He visited Pope Saint Gregory II to received his apostolic blessing on his new undertaking. But when the holy father discovered the saint's abilities, he admonished Corbinian to use his talents to harvest God's fields. The Frank agreed because he had learned to listen to what he thought was God's voice.

So Gregory sent Corbinian, who may already have been a bishop or who was so consecrated by Gregory, to preach in Bavaria, where he put himself under the protection of Duke Grimoald. After having successfully increased the number of Christians, he fixed his residence at Freising, in Upper Bavaria, which, however, did not become a regular episcopal see until Saint Boniface made it such in 739.

Though indefatigable in his apostolic duties, Corbinian was careful not to undertake more than he could handle, lest he should forget what he owed to his own soul. He always performed the divine office leisurely, and reserved several hours daily for holy meditation, so that he would have the spiritual resources with which to complete his obligations in the mission field.

When Saint Corbinian discovered that his Christian patron Grimoald had defied Church discipline by marrying his brother's widow, Biltrudis, he refused to deal with the duke until they separated. But the lady Biltrudis was offended by this truth and persecuted Corbinian in the hope of cowing him into allowing her to be reinstated. She abused him as a foreign interloper, specifically, a British bishop--which of course he was not. Losing hope she conspired to have him murdered. The saint took refuge at Meran, and remained in semi-exile until Grimoald (who had rejoined Biltrudis in his absence) was killed in battle shortly after and Biltrudis was carried off by the Franks.

Thereafter, Corbinian was recalled by Grimoald's successor, and continued his missionary work throughout Bavaria. Corbinian was buried at a monastery he had founded at Obermais, at Meran, but his body was brought to Freising in 765 by Aribo, his second successor and biographer (Benedictines, Delaney, Husenbeth, Walsh).

In art, Saint Corbinian is portrayed as a bishop making a bear carry his luggage because it has eaten his mule. The image may show just the bishop and a bear. Corbinian might also be shown with Duke Grimoald at his feet and the bear and mule in the background (Roeder).


S. Corbinianus a Grimoaldo honorifice excipitur - Saint Corbinien est reçu avec respect par Grimoald. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.


Saint Corbinian

Also known as

Korbinian

Waldegiso

Memorial

8 September

20 November (translation of relics)

8 November as one of the Saints of the Diocese of Evry

Profile

Son of Waldegiso, who may have died when Corbinian was an infant. Nothing else is known of his youth. Hermit for fourteen years in a cell near the church of Saint-Germain in Châtres, France. His reputation for holiness, as a miracle worker, and as a spiritual director soon spread. Students were attracted to him, and he formed a community for them, but directing them took him away from his life of prayer. He wanted to return to the live of a hermit, and since he had a personal devotion to Saint Peter the Apostle, he moved to RomeItaly. There he asked for the blessing of Pope Saint Gregory IIGregory realized that Corbinian should not hide his talents, and ordained him as a missionary bishop to Bavaria (in modern Germany) where he would be supported by Duke Grimoald. He established his base in Freising, and made many converts throughout the region. Spiritual teacher of Saint Arbeo of Freising. When Corbinian denounced the incestuous marriage of Duke Grimoald to Biltrudis, the nobility turned against him, and Biltrudis even conspired to have him killed. Corbinian fled to MeranItaly until Grimoald was killed in battle and Biltrudis carried off by the Franks; he then returned to Bavaria and resumed the mission that occupied the rest of his life.

Born

670 at Châtres, France as Waldegiso

his mother soon changed it to Corbinian

Died

730 of natural causes

buried at the monastery at MeranItaly

relics translated to FreisingGermany in 765 by bishop Aribo, biographer of Corbinian

Patronage

FreisingGermany

MunichGermanyarchdiocese of

Representation

bear

bishop making a bear carry his luggage because it has eaten his mule

bishop with a bear and mule in the background

bishop with a bear

bishop with Duke Grimoald at his feet

Additional Information

Book of Saints, by the Monks of Ramsgate

Lives of the Saints, by Father Alban Butler

Lives of the Saints, by Father Francis Xavier Weninger

Saints of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein

books

Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints

other sites in english

Ana St Paul

Catholic Online

New Liturgical Movement

images

Wikimedia Commons

webseiten auf deutsch

Bavaria Sancta

sitios en español

Martirologio Romano2001 edición

sites en français

Abbé Christian-Philippe Chanut

fonti in italiano

Cathopedia

Santi e Beati

MLA Citation

“Saint Corbinian“. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 September 2020. Web. 6 June 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/saint-corbinian/>

SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-corbinian/

Sanctus Corbinian' Frisingae populum docet - Saint Corbinien prêche au peuple de Freising. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.


Weninger’s Lives of the Saints – Saint Corbinian, Bishop of Frisingen

Article

Saint Corbinian was born in the department of Melun, in France. He was the son of wealthy parents, and passed his youth in great innocence and piety. Desiring to serve God and also to induce others to do the same, he built a cell near the Church of Saint Germain, in which he spent fourteen years in great holiness. The fame of his virtue and wisdom drew a great many persons to him, who either sought his advice in matters of difficulty, or who came to request his prayers. This greatly displeased the Saint, who desired to serve God in solitude and quiet. Hence he went to Rome, and requested the Pope to give him a place not far from Saint Peter’s, where he might live unknown to the world. The Holy Father concluded, from his manner and address, that he was a man of great virtue and abilities; and was no sooner convinced of this, than he made Corbinian priest and afterwards bishop. After this, the Pope bade him return, and exercise his episcopal functions for the salvation of souls wherever he was needed.

Corbinian submitted to the decrees of Providence, obeyed the Pope, and journeyed home through Lombardy and a great part of France, preaching everywhere with eminent success. The holiness of Corbinian, and the miracles which the Almighty wrought through him, caused everybody to esteem and honor him. To avoid this, he returned to his former dwelling and remained there several years. When, however, it became known where he was, and the people again commenced to come to him, he undertook a second journey to Rome. God led him this time through Bavaria, to the great benefit of its inhabitants; for, when the holy bishop perceived the ignorance of the people in matters of faith, he immediately began to instruct them. The pious Duke, Theodore, who at that period reigned in Bavaria, was greatly rejoiced at the good results of the Saint’s apostolic labors, and desired him to remain in his domains. The same was also desired by Grimoald, a son of the Duke, whose residence was at Frisingen. Corbinian, hastening to Rome, besought the Pope to release him from his episcopal dignity, which request, however, was not granted, and the holy father admonished him to continue zealously in his labors for the salvation of souls. Hence, Corbinian returned to Bavaria. At Mais, a borough and castle not far from Meran, which at that time belonged to Bavaria, he remained several days at the tomb of Saint Valentine, who had been bishop of Passau. Grimoald, who had been informed of his arrival, sent messengers to meet him and invite him to Frisingen. The Saint accepted the invitation, but hearing afterwards, that the Duke lived unlawfully with Pilitrudis, the wife of his deceased brother, he sent one of his companions to say that he would not set foot in the palace, until so enormous a scandal was removed. He added that the words of the Apostle were and would be eternally true: “Neither fornicators nor adulterers shall possess the kingdom of heaven.” Pilitrudis, greatly incensed at the holy bishop’s fearless message, resolved, like another Herodias, to hire an assassin and secretly murder him. But the exhortations of the priest, whom the Saint had sent to Grimoald, made so deep an impression upon the Duke and Pilitrudis, that both, recognizing and repenting of their fault, threw themselves at the feet of Corbinian and promised to reform their lives. The Saint received them kindly and earnestly advised them to do penance and give alms.

After this, the bishop officiated for some time in the Church of Frisingen, converting the wicked, inducing the lukewarm and slothful to be more solicitous for their salvation; and animating the pious and zealous to still greater fervor, by his sermons, admonitions and exhortations. Pilitrudis, however, returned to her former vicious life, and, not to be disturbed in her misdeeds, she ordered one of her minions, named Ninus, to kill Corbinian. But before Ninus had surrounded the palace of the bishop with his soldiers in order to execute his design, Corbinian, having been informed of it, made his escape. Arrived at Mais, the holy prelate announced to Grimoald and Pilitrudis, the divine punishment that would soon overtake them. His prophecy was soon fulfilled. Grimoald was assassinated by one of his subjects, and Pilitrudis, deprived of rank and wealth, ended her life in misery, which she had drawn upon herself by her vicious conduct. Ninus, also, who intended to assassinate the Saint, received his deserts; he was stabbed, and thus unprepared was called before the Judgment-seat of the Almighty. Hugibert, a younger son of the pious Duke Theodore, who succeeded Grimoald in the government, besought the holy bishop most earnestly to return to his see, and to forgive the wrongs done to him. The Saint consented, returned to Frisingen, and was received with universal rejoicing by the inhabitants of the city. Hardly had he arrived, when God revealed to him his last hour. After having satisfactorily arranged all the affairs of his See, he clothed himself in his episcopal robes, on the day which was to be his last upon earth, went to Church, and said Mass. Returning home, he took some slight repast, blessed himself, and calmly expired, in the presence of some priests, without having been sick, and without giving any signs of pain or suffering. His holy body was buried, with great solemnities, in the Cathedral; but as the Saint had desired to have his tomb erected at Mais, the Almighty plainly manifested that this wish should be fulfilled; for, soon after the funeral, the rain began to fall in torrents, and ceased not, until the sacred relics of Corbinian had been carried to the spot which he had chosen as his resting place. When, fifty years later, the Lombards made an inroad into Tyrol, and devastated the land, the pious bishop Aribo exhumed the holy body again and brought it back to Frisingen, where it is still greatly venerated.

This Saint is generally represented with a bear at his side, the reason of which is as follows: When the Bishop made his second journey to Rome, and was obliged to remain one night in the open air, with those who accompanied him a bear attacked his horse which was laden with what the Saint needed on his journey. Corbinian, who did not arrive at the place where this happened until the horse was partly devoured, commanded the bear, in the name of the Most High, to take the burden which the horse had carried, and bring it to Rome. The animal obeyed and patiently carried the burden laid upon his back, to the end of the journey. Numerous persons witnessed this. It was evidently the desire of the Almighty to glorify His faithful servant by this, as well as by several other not less remarkable events.

Sanct' Corbinian' spiritum sanctissime reddit - Saint Corbinien rend l'âme très saintement. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.

Practical Considerations

• Saint Corbinian admonished Grimoald and Pilitrudis on account of their criminal conduct. He did this, without doubt, from love to God, and also from love to these two sinners, whose destruction he foresaw and pitied. At first, both appeared to receive the admonition willingly and to repent, but soon they returned to their vicious life and endeavored to repay good with evil. If you have an opportunity to exhort others, do it from love to God and to your neighbor, to prevent the offense of God, and your neighbor’s destruction. Should anyone give you an admonition, receive it kindly, especially when it comes from your confessor and pastor, who are obliged to admonish you, and who in so doing, seek only your welfare. Why then should you complain of it, why be offended? “It is better to be corrected by a wise man, than to be deceived by the flatteries of a fool,” says the Holy Ghost. Saint Chrysostom writes; “A sick man acts foolishly when he complains of a physician who prescribes to him some remedy, useful or necessary for his health.” Much more foolishly do you act, when you complain of your confessor, spiritual advisor or pastor, who corrects your faults, out of love for you, and the desire to save your soul. You may well believe that Grimoald and Pilitrudis have, for a long time, repented in the other world, for not having followed Saint Corbinian’s admonition. Many suffer in hell because they heeded not the exhortations of their confessors. Take care that you do not find yourself among them.

• Saint Corbinian died happily, because he was always prepared to die. There are a great many persons who defer their preparations for death and their penance until the last hour has come. They think that the best time to do penance will be when they are sick. How blind they are! Who has promised that a sickness should be the forerunner of their death? Is it then impossible that they should die suddenly, as has happened to so many? But even if they should become sick, may it not be a disease that will rob them of their reason, or be so painful that they will be unable to remember their sins and to confess them rightly? How will they, under such circumstances, prepare themselves for death? And furthermore, who knows if they will at that time, desire to prepare themselves? Satan will whisper to them that there is no danger, that they will soon be restored to health. Their relatives and acquaintances, actuated by false compassion, will speak in a similar manner. Many have thus been deceived. Be this as it may, one thing is certain: a late repentance is seldom a true repentance. The time of death, the time of sickness, is not the proper time for so great, so important an act as the preparation for death, on which depends all eternity. If you wish to be sure, prepare yourself in time, and defer not your penance until your end. The words of Saint Augustine are true: “The penance of a sick person, is a sick penance, and that of a dying I fear, is a dying or a dead one. Hence, whoever would seek the mercy of God, let him do penance while his body and mind are in a state of health, that he may find salvation in the world to come.” Elsewhere this great and holy teacher says: “As it is unknown to us at what hour we shall be called away, let us without delay, hasten from the left hand to the right. We must neither trust to health nor to age. Whoever is uncertain of his life, must not defer using the means that will assure his salvation. He who assures us that a sinner will receive pardon for his iniquities whenever he repents, warns us at the same time when he says: “Delay not to- be convened to the Lord and defer it not from day to day.” (Eccles. 5) Let us therefore hasten to convert ourselves while the means are still in our power.

MLA Citation

Father Francis Xavier Weninger, DD, SJ. “Saint Corbinian, Bishop of Frisingen”. Lives of the Saints1876. CatholicSaints.Info. 30 April 2018. Web. 6 June 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/weningers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-corbinian-bishop-of-frisingen/>

SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/weningers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-corbinian-bishop-of-frisingen/

S. Corbiniani reliquiae Frisingam transferuntur - Les reliques de saint Corbinien sont transportées à Freising. Tableau dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising.


September 8

St. Corbinian, Bishop of Frisingen, Confessor

HE was a native of France, being born at Chatre, on the road to Orleans, and he lived a recluse fourteen years in a cell which he built in his youth near a chapel in the same place. The fame of his sanctity, which was increased by the reputation of several miracles, and the prudence of the advice which he gave in spiritual matters to those who resorted to him, rendered his name famous over the whole country, and he admitted several fervent persons to form themselves into a religious community under his discipline. The distraction which this gave him made him think of seeking some new solitude in which he might live in his former obscurity; and his devotion to St. Peter determined him to go to Rome, and there choose a cell near the church of the prince of the apostles. The pope, whose blessing he asked, becoming acquainted with his abilities, told him he ought not to live for himself alone, whilst many nations, ripe for the harvest, were perishing for want of strenuous labourers, and ordaining him bishop, gave him a commission to preach the gospel. Corbinian was affrighted at such language, but being taught to obey, lest he should resist the voice of God, returned first to his own country, and, by his preaching, produced great fruit among the people. In a second journey to Rome he converted many idolaters in Bavaria, as he passed through that country. Pope Gregory II. sent him back from Rome into that abandoned vineyard, commanding him to make it the field of his labours. Corbinian did so, and having much increased the number of the Christians, fixed his episcopal see at Frisingen, in Upper Bavaria. Though indefatigable in his apostolic functions, he was careful not to overlay himself with more business than he could bear, lest he should forget what he owed to his own soul. He always performed the divine office with great leisure, and reserved to himself every day set hours for holy meditation, in order to recruit and improve the spiritual vigour of his soul, and to cast up his accounts before God, gathering constantly resolution of more vigilance in all his actions. Grimoald, the duke of Bavaria, who, though a Christian, was a stranger to the principles and spirit of that holy religion, had incestuously taken to wife Biltrude, his brother’s relict. The saint boldly reproved them, but found them deaf to his remonstrances, and suffered many persecutions from them, especially from the princess, who once hired assassins to murder him. They both perished miserably in a short time. After their death St. Corbinian, who had been obliged to conceal himself for some time, returned to Frisingen, and continued his labours till his happy death, which took place in 730. His name occurs in the Roman Martyrology. See his life, with an account of many miracles wrought by him, compiled by Aribo, his third successor in the see of Frisingen, thirty years after the saint’s death, extant in Surius, Mabillon, Acta Bened, t. 3, p. 500, and the History of Frisingen, published in folio, in the year 1724. See also Bulteau, Hist. Monast. de l’Occid., t. 2. Suysken the Bollandist, p. 261

Rev. Alban Butler (1711–73).  Volume IX: September. The Lives of the Saints.  1866.




Saint of the Day – 8 September – Saint Corbinian (c 670–c 730)

Posted on September 8, 2020

Saint of the Day – 8 September – Saint Corbinian (c 670–c 730) First Bishop of Freising and Founder of the Diocese, Hermit, Missionary, Confessor. After living as a hermit near Chartres for fourteen years, he made a pilgrimage to Rome. Pope Gregory II sent him to Bavaria. His opposition to the marriage of Duke Grimoald to his brother’s widow, Biltrudis, caused Corbinian to go into exile for a time. Also known as Latin: Corbinianus; French: Corbinien; German: Korbinian, Waldegiso.

Corbinian was born sometime around 670, not in today’s southern Germany but in what we now call France, indeed very near the centre of modern northern France, at Chatres.

Corbinian’s life was recorded by Arbeo of Freising, one of his successors as Bishop of Freising, who lived from 723-784. According to Arbeo, Corbinian’s father, Waldegiso, after whom the boy was originally named, died when he was a child. His father’s death was followed some years later by that of his mother, who had renamed him after her own name, Corbiniana. For some years after her death the young Corbinian lived as a hermit in the forest not far from his home. Here he prayed and studied and attracted a number of disciples. Dismayed by the interruptions in his intended life of prayer that were being made by the demands of his followers, he decided to journey to Rome and become a hermit.

On arrival in Rome rumour of his spiritual prowess reached the ears of Pope Gregory II. Gregory suggested that he should use his abilities not in withdrawal into a hermitage but to bring the people of his homeland to the Gospel and he sent him back to the north, ordaining him as a Missionary Bishop before he left. This was fairly standard practice at this time, for a Missionary Bishop had the full power of the Church behind him. He could preach, offer the Eucharist, Baptise, Confirm and Ordain, thus enabling him to plant new Churches with complete structure,s in areas outside the surviving and functioning Roman towns, which still had resident Bishops.

Corbinian set out as a pilgrim Bishop and was successful in the Frankish territories. Sometime around 723 he returned to Rome and on the way there acquired his most famous miracle and the symbol by which he is so well remembered.

According to the story, as he travelled through the foothills of the Alps, his horse was attacked and killed by a bear. Nothing daunted, Corbinian subdued the bear and, as a penance for killing the horse, asked the bear to carry his bags in it’s stead. The bear accepted the penance . Corbinian saddled it and loaded his bags on its back. The bear was as good as its word, carrying them all the way to the gates of Rome. At Rome, Corbinian released it back to the wild with thanks. The bear became the symbol of Saint Corbinian as well as the symbol for the town of Freising.

After reporting to Pope Gregory II on this second trip to Rome, Saint Corbinian was sent back to the north to continue his Missionary work. He appears to have arrived in the Freising region about 724 and established a Benedictine Monastery.

Almost immediately he entered into a controversy with Grimoald, the duke then ruling the area now called Bavaria, on behalf of the Frankish kings. Grimoald, who, as a Frankish noble, was already a Christian, had contracted a marriage to his brother’s widow, Biltrudis. This kind of marriage was considered incest if undertaken without a dispensation (this is the very same issue that applied to Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon hundreds of years later, causing Henry to break away from the Catholic Church). Corbinian denounced the marriage and was forced by threats from Grimoald and Biltrudis to leave the area, retreating to northern Italy for a while. On their deaths he was able to return to Freising and resume his work.

He died there on 8 September 730 and this day became his feast day. Of course, his feast day was overshadowed by the greater feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and it has subsequently been moved to 20 November in Freising in veneration of the translation of St Corbinian’s relics.

Corbinian’s Bear is used as the symbol of Freising in both civic and ecclesiastical heraldry. It appeared on the arms of Pope Benedict XVI, who first adopted the symbol when, still known as Joseph Ratzinger, he was appointed Archbishop of Freising-Munich in March 1977. He retained the bear in his revised coat of arms when he was elevated to Cardinal in June of the same year and again on his Papal Coat of Arms when he was elected in 2005

In Catholic Iconography:

The scallop shell is a traditional reference to pilgrimage. For Pope Benedict XVI, it also reminded him of the legend according to which one day St Augustine, pondering the mystery of the Trinity, saw a child at the seashore playing with a shell, trying to put the water of the ocean into a little hole. Then, St Augustine heard the words: “This hole can no more contain the waters of the ocean than your intellect can comprehend the mystery of God.” The crowned Moor is a regional motif in heraldry often seen in Bavaria, Benedict’s German homeland. Benedict has been quoted saying that, in addition to the obvious reference back to Saint Corbinian, the Founder of the Diocese where Benedict would become Bishop in 1977, the bear represents Benedict himself being “tamed by God” to bear the spiritual burdens of Benedict’s own ministries first as Bishop, then asCcardinal, and now as Pope.

Author: AnaStpaul

Passionate Catholic. Being Catholic is a way of life - a love affair "Religion must be like the air we breathe..."- St John Bosco Prayer is what the world needs combined with the example of our lives which testify to the Light of Christ. This site will mainly concentrate on Daily Prayers, Novenas and the Memorials and Feast Days of our friends in Heaven, the Saints who went before us and the great blessings the Church provides in our Catholic Monthly Devotions. "For the saints are sent to us by God as so many sermons. We do not use them, it is they who move us and lead us, to where we had not expected to go.” Charles Cardinal Journet (1891-1975) This site adheres to the Catholic Church and all her teachings.

SOURCE : https://anastpaul.com/2020/09/08/saint-of-the-day-8-september-saint-corbinian-c-670-c-730/

Wednesday, September 09, 2020

Friedrich Pacher  (etwa 1435 – Nach 1508), Korbinianaltar, 1485er-Jahre


The Feast of St Corbinian

GREGORY DIPIPPO

In the Roman Martyology, one of the entries for September 8th is that of St Corbinian, the first bishop of Freising in Bavaria, which traditionally keeps his feast today, out of respect for Our Lady’s Nativity, and celebrates the translation of his relics on November 20th. Born and raised in the neighborhood of Chartres in France, he spent many years as a hermit, before undertaking a pilgrimage to the tomb of St Peter. The Pope at the time, St Gregory II, who took great interest in the evangelization of Germany, consecrated him as bishop and sent him into Bavaria as a missionary, as he sent St Boniface to the western parts. Corbinian established a monastery near Freising as the center of his evangelizing activities, and for that reason, he is traditionally called the first bishop of Freising, but a see was not formally established there until about ten years after his death, when St Boniface officially arranged the hierarchy in Bavaria.

 In 1818, the seat of the diocese and the cathedral chapter of Freising were transferred to Münich, and the see renamed “Münich and Freising”; the eleventh bishop to hold this title (from March of 1977 to February of 1982) was Joseph Ratzinger, who was made a cardinal very shortly after his elevation to the episcopacy. One of the elements of his coat of arms as Pope Benedict XVI is a bear with a pack on its back, an element which derives from a legend of St Corbinian. The story is that when the Saint was travelling to Rome, a bear attacked and killed his pack horse; he therefore ordered the bear to take the horse’s place, and the animal thus tamed accompanied him the rest of the way to Rome. (In the pre-Tridentine Missal of Freising, a verse of the Sequence for his Mass reads, “By his order a bear is subdued, and burdened in place of the pack-horse which it killed.”)

In the northern Italian region of the Alto-Adige, in the province of Bolzano, there is a beautiful collegiate church jointly dedicated to St Corbinian and to a Saint named Candidus, and who has given his name to the surrounding town. He is a figure of whom very little is known, apart from the fact that that he was a bishop of Chartres, Corbinian’s native place. The area is so far north within Italy that it was formerly part of the diocese of Freising. Here are pictures taken by Nicola de’ Grandi during his recent visit to that area.

As is so often the case, a church has been built on the site several times, first in 769, then again sometime before the year 1000; the crypt of this second church is seen below. It was then rebuilt again in 1143, but destroyed by a fire in 1200; the current Romanesque structure was consacrated in 1284, and the bell-tower raised between 1320-26.

SOURCE : https://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2020/09/the-feast-of-st-corbinian.html


Ambito tedesco, San Corbiniano di Frisinga (XIX secolo); Frisinga, Concattedrale di Santa Maria e San Corbiniano, cripta


San Corbiniano Vescovo, missionario in Baviera

8 settembre

m. 8 settembre 725

Secondo il vescovo di Frisinga, Arbeone, Corbiniano nasce a Castrum nel territorio di Melun, (oggi Arpajon in Francia), ma gli studiosi sono diffidenti. La sua vita e l'opera da lui svolta rientrano nel quadro delle missioni irlandesi sul continente e per questo Corbiniano è ritenuto un monaco insulare. Dopo aver trascorso un periodo di vita ascetica, Corbiniano si porta a Roma, presso Gregorio XI al quale sta a cuore l'evangelizzazione della Baviera. Arrivato in Baviera, è bene accolto dal duca Teodone e dal figlio Grimoaldo, residenti a Frisinga, e gli viene concesso di esercitare il suo apostolato di vescovo missionario. Si stabilisce prima a Maia presso Merano, per la devozione a san Valentino, antico vescovo della Rezia, e di lì passa a Frisinga. È detto primo vescovo di Frisinga, ma erroneamente perché la diocesi è eretta san Bonifacio non prima del 739. Muore l'8 settembre del 725 e viene sepolto a Maia, presso la tomba di san Valentino. Verso il 765 il vescovo Arbeone ne fa trasportare il corpo a Santa Maria di Frisinga.  <I> (Avv.)</i>

Emblema: Orso

Martirologio Romano: A Frisinga nella Baviera, in Germania, san Corbiniano, che, ordinato vescovo e mandato a predicare il Vangelo in Baviera, raccolse frutti copiosi.

La fonte più importante su Corbiniano è la sua Vita scritta da Arbeone, vescovo di Frisinga (m. 783), su richiesta di Virgilio, vescovo di SalisbUrgo, in occasione della traslazione del corpo del santo, avvenuta nel 765. Eccellente testimonianza per quanto riguarda i rapporti di Corbiniano con i duchi di Baviera, essa è però meno sicura per quel che concerne l'origine e l'inizio della sua opera missionaria.

Secondo Arbeone, Corbiniano nacque a Castrum nel territorio di Melun, località identificata con Chátres (oggi Arpajon), ma gli studiosi sono diffidenti verso questi dati. La sua vita e l'opera da lui svolta rientrano nel quadro delle missioni irlandesi sul continente e per questo Corbiniano è ritenuto un monaco insulare. Anche la duchessa Pilitrude, che egli aveva richiamato all'osservanza delle leggi canoniche, lo dice: "Britannorum genere ortus". Dopo aver trascorso un periodo di vita ascetica, Corbiniano si portò a Roma, presso Gregorio 11, al quale stava molto a cuore l'evangelizzazione della Baviera. Neppure tale notizia è sicura, in quanto il biografo sembra anticipare in favore di Corbiniano i rapporti di s. Bonifacio con Roma, anzi lo Schneider e il Krusch non accettano il viaggio di Corbiniano alla volta di tale città. Lo Schneider, poi, attribuisce all'immaginazione fertile del biografo i sentieri segreti che il santo avrebbe seguito per passare i monti. Corbiniano, arrivato in Baviera, fu bene accolto dal duca Teodone e dal figlio Grimoaldo, residenti a Frisinga, e gli fu concesso di esercitare il suo apostolato di vescovo missionario. Egli si stabilì prima a Maia presso Merano, per la devozione a s. Valentino, un antico vescovo della Rezia, e di lì passò a Frisinga dove venne in urto con Grimoaldo il quale, contro i sacri canoni, aveva sposato Pilitrude, vedova di suo fratello Teobaldo. C. tornò nuovamente a Maia e in seguito a Frisinga, quando a Grimoaldo succedette Ucperto. Ivi, secondo l'usanza celtica, dimorava in un monastero, S. Maria, diventato poi cattedrale della diocesi. E' detto primo vescovo di Frisinga, ma erroneamente perché tale diocesi fu eretta da s. Bonifacio non prima del 739. Il nome di Corbiniano vescovo appare la prima volta nel libro delle confraternite di S. Pietro di Salisburgo, risalente al 784.

Morì l'8 settembre del 725, o poco dopo, e fu sepolto a Maia, presso la tomba di s. Valentino, secondo il suo desiderio, e verso il 765 il vescovo Arbeone ne fece trasportare il corpo a S. Maria di Frisinga. Un breviario della stessa città, dei secc. XIII-XIV, ricorda la traslazione delle reliquie al 20 novembre. Da allora il santo riposa nella cripta della cattedrale. Il suo giorno abituale passò nel Martirologio di Beda del cod. ora Monacense 15518 e, da questo, nel Martirologio Romano. In una litania di Frisinga, conservata in un manoscritto della seconda metà del sec. X, il nome di Corbiniano è scritto in lettere maiuscole. Nel 1710, una reliquia insigne fu inviata a Chátres-Arpajon. Ad Hótting, nei pressi di Innsbruck, in una cappella eretta in suo onore, si venerava il sangue uscito dal naso del santo durante il trasporto da Frisinga a Maia; raccolto in una ampolla era stato inumato, ma durante la traslazione del 765 era stato ritrovato e onorato nella cappella. Poiché il giorno anniversario della morte di Corbiniano era dedicato alla natività della Vergine, la festa del santo era stata spostata al giorno seguente, 9 settembre.

Autore: Filippo Caraffa

SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/91940.html

Korbiniansschrein in der Domkrypta (1861)

Châsse de saint Corbinien dans la crypte de la cathédrale de Freising (1861)


Korbinian von Freising

auch: Corbinian, Corbinianus

 Gedenktag katholisch: 8. September
nicht gebotener Gedenktag im Bistum Bozen-Brixen: 9. September
nicht gebotener Gedenktag für das deutsche Sprachgebiet: 20. November
Hochfest im Erzbistum München und Freising: 20. November
Übertragung der Gebeine: 6. November

 Gedenktag evangelisch: 8. September

Name bedeutet: berühmter Walter (althochdt.)

erster Bischof von Freising
* um 680 in Arpajon bei Évry in Frankreich (?) 1
† 8. September um 729 in Freising in Bayern

Korbinian, Sohn von Waltekis und dessen Frau Corbiniana, einer vornehmen Familie, verlor kurz nach der Geburt seinen Vater und wurde von der Mutter erzogen. Er baute sich im Alter von 22 Jahren neben seinem Elternhaus eine Zelle, um als Einsiedler zu leben. Sein Ruf eilte weit ins Land und bis zu Pippin dem Mittleren, dem Hausmeier von Austrasien und Neustrien. Als immer mehr Ratsuchende Korbinian bedrängten, pilgerte er vor 714 nach Rom zu Papst Konstantin I., der ihn zum Priester und Bischof weihte und mit Missionsarbeit beauftragte. Wie Kilian wurde er vom Bayernherzog Theodo, den er um 716 in dessen Hof in Regensburg aufsuchte, und von dessen Sohn und Mitregenten, Herzog Grimoald aus Freising, bei der Missionierung unterstützt; er arbeitete in der Schweiz, in Bayern und im damals bayrischen Norditalien. Bei der Alpenüberquerung - offenbar mit großem Gefolge - zu einem zweiten Besuch in Rom überfiel ihn, so wird überliefert, ein Bär und tötete sein Maultier, woraufhin dieser Bär Korbinians Gepäck nach Rom tragen musste.

In Rom erteilt der Papst ihm die Erlaubnis, ein Kloster zu gründen und von dort aus zu wirken. Korbinian erhielt von Theodos Sohn, Bayernherzog Grimoald, das Gebiet Cainina - das heutige Kuens / Caines - übertragen, Korbinian gründete dort um 718 ein Kanonikerstift mit Meierhof und Kirche, die Zeno von Verona und Valentin von Rätien geweiht wurde 2. Er kultivierte das Gebiet, ließ Weinberge anlegen und Obstbäume pflanzen und förderte so das Wohlergehen der Menschen.

Aus dieser Zeit stammt die Erzählung, dass Korbinians Klösterchen eines Tages ein Fässchen Wein geschenkt wurde. Da der Wein noch gärt, flog in der Nacht der Zapfen mit lautem Knall aus dem im Keller gelagerten Fass; nur das sofortige Eingreifen würde den kostbaren Inhalt am Ausfließen hindern. Korbinian hört das Geräusch durchaus, aber es berührte ihn nicht, denn er war mitten im Gebet. Am nächsten Morgen sahen die Klosterbrüder, dass der Wein aber trotz des geöffneten Spundloches nicht ausgelaufen war.

Schließlich wurde Korbinian von Grimoald wieder nach Bayern zurückgerufen, denn Bonifatius hatte im Auftrag von Papst Gregor III. ein Bistum vorbereitet und ihm eine rechtliche Struktur gegeben, das nun 724 mit Korbinian an der Spitze errichtet wurde. In Freising errichtete er eine Kirche zu Ehren von Stephanus, die später die Kirche der Abtei Weihenstephan wurde. Etwas unterhalb ließ er eine als heilkräftig geltende Quelle entspringen, über der später eine -

Korbinian warf dann seinem Förderer Grimoald dessen illegitime Ehe mit Plektrudis, der Witwe seines Bruders, vor; die Ehe mit der verwitweten Schwägerin war zwar nach römischen Recht erlaubt, nach kirchlichem aber verboten. Grimoald trennte sich von seiner Frau, diese aber plante ein Attentat gegen den Bischof, der deshalb um 724 in sein Stift nach Kains - floh. Grimoalds Nachfolger im Amt des Herzogs, Hugibert, holte später Korbinian zurück, der vom Volk begeistert begrüßt wurde, doch er starb bald darauf. Sein Gefährte Ermbert wurde Nachfolger als Bischof in Freising.

Korbinians Leichnam wurde in der Zeno von Verona geweihten Kapelle am Platz der heutigen Zeno-Burg in Meran bestattet, am 20. November 765 aber wieder nach Freising zurück gebracht. Bald schon begann dann die Wallfahrt zu seinem Grab. Arbeo von Freising verfasste um 770 die Lebensgeschichte seines verehrten Vorbildes Korbinian. Die Bären-Legende entstand erst etwa 200 Jahre nach dem Tod Korbinians. Eine Predigt zu seinem Fest aus dem 10. Jahrhundert weist auf Wunder am Grab hin, aus dem 12. Jahrhundert liegt ein Wunderbericht vor. Bis ins 16. Jahrhundert wurde die Berührung des Grabes praktiziert, die Hilfe in Nöten versprach. Der Dom von Freising ist neben Maria Korbinian geweiht und beherbergt seine Reliquien in einem wertvollen Schrein.

1899 schenkte der Erzbischof von München-Freising der Pfarrkirche in Kains eine Reliquie von Korbinian, nun begann auch dort die Verehrung des Heiligen und wurde ein neuer Hochaltar aufgestellt. 1901 wurde Kobinian zum Ortspatron ernannt. In Évry wurde Korbinian die Kathedrale geweiht, er ist Diözesanpatron.

Korbinians Lebensgeschichte verfasste um 770 Bischof Arbeo von Freising.

1942, aus der Kriegsnot geboren, unternahmen vier junge Frauen eine Wallfahrt nach Freising; nach dem Krieg nahm die diözesane Jugendkorbinians-Wallfahrt einen rasanten Aufschwung.

 Attribute: mit Gepäck beladener Bär
 Patron der Diözese München-Freising und der Diözese Évry

1  Der Geburtsort Arpajon bei Paris wird schon in der von Arbeo von Freising verfassten Lebensgeschichte genannt; der evangelische Theologe Lothar Vogel zeigte in seiner Doktorarbeit über diese Vita auf, dass diese Angabe entstand durch Arbeos Bemühen, Korbianian in die Nähe von Kolumban zu rücken und sieht die tatsächliche Herkunft aus der Gegend um Kains.

2  Dass Korbinian tatsächlich eine Kirche in Kains bauen ließ, konnte archäologisch nicht nachgeweisen werden; die erste urkundliche Erwähnung der Kirche stammt aus dem Jahr 1291.

Korbinian in Freising

Catholic Encyclopedia

SOURCE : https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienK/Korbinian_von_Freising.html

Voir aussi : http://www.heiligenlegenden.de/literatur/bavaria-sancta/zweiter-abschnitt/corbinian/home.html