à la demande de l'abbé Jehan du Vieux-Chastel
et alors placée dans l'axe de l'église sur la carole du choeur au-dessus du maître-autel
(statue se trouvant désormais dans les ruines de l'église abbatiale)
Saint Guénolé, abbé
Au temps où les Bretons quittaient leur île, devant les envahisseurs saxons pour gagner l'Armorique, Winwalloë naît près de Saint-Brieuc. On le confie à saint Budoc qui tient une école monastique sur l'île Lavret (archipel de Bréhat). A 21 ans, il part avec onze compagnons et se fixe d'abord sur l'îlot de Tibidi au fond de la rade de Brest, puis sur la rive opposée de l'Aulne, à Lantowinnoc, l’actuel Landévennec. En ce lieu, il mène une vie de retraite et de solitude. La renommée de Guénolé ne cesse de grandir, et il reçoit même la visite du roi Grallon, qui souhaitait ardemment le connaître. Il meurt octogénaire vers 504. Après sa mort, son culte se répand en Cornouaille bretonne et britannique.
Vitrail de saint Guignolé abbé, église Saint-Guénolé de Batz-sur-Mer, 1886.
.JPG)
Statue de Saint Guénolé, église de Pleyben, Finistère
.jpg)
d'après le buste en argent du reliquaire de l'église Saint-Guénolé à Locquénolé, 1901
Saint Guénolé était en charge de l’Ile de Sein qui s’appelait à l’époque Insula Seidhun. Il protégeait les habitants qui se laissaient influencer encore trop facilement aux injonctions des beaux parleurs envoyés par le diable.
Le buste reliquaire de saint Guénolé (il se trouvait
dans l'église paroissiale de saint Frégant et est désormais exposé à l'abbaye
Saint-Guénolé de Landévennec).
Saint Winwallus
Also
known as
- Bennoc
- Guengalaenus
- Guengaloeus
- Guénolé
- Guingaloëus
- Guingalois
- Gunnolo
- Gwenndo
- Gweno
- Gwinocus
- Gwnawg
- Gwnnog
- Gwynauc
- Gwynawc
- Gwyngawr
- Gwynno
- Gwynnoc
- Gwynnocus
- Gwynog
- Ouignoualey
- Valois
- Vennole
- Vinguavally
- Waloway
- Wingaloeus
- Winnol
- Winocus
- Winwalde
- Winwalloc
- Winwalloe
- Winwaloe
- Winwaloëus
- Wonnow
- Wynnog
- Wynolatus
- Wynwallow
- 3 March
- 28 February (translation of his relics)
Profile
His father was Fragan, a Welsh noble who had recently emigrated to Brittany to escape a Saxon invasion. Ward and spiritual student of Saint Budoc on Lauren Island. Monk. Following a pilgrimage at age 20 to key Saint Patrick related sites in Ireland, Winwallus founded Landevennec monastery with eleven fellow monks at Brest, France. Abbot. The initial monastery site had to be abandoned due to poor soil and
harsh weather, but Winwallus spent the rest of his days at the second site.
Legend says he lived on
rye bread and ashes, water, and prayer, that he slept on sand or piles of tree bark, and that these privations
led to his performing many miracles. Several churches in Cornwall, including Anglican parishes, are dedicated to him, which may indicate that his relics were moved there after the Viking invasions of 914.
Born
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/tag/name-waloway/
.jpg)
Sculpture de Saint Guénolé par Jacques Dumas (2014), Vallée des saints (22) France
St. Winwallus
Abbot of Landevennec; d. 3 March,
probably at the beginning of the sixth century, though the exact year is not
known. There are some fifty forms of his name, ranging from Wynwallow through
such variants as Wingaloeus, Waloway, Wynolatus, Vinguavally, Vennole, Valois,
Ouignoualey, Gweno, Gunnolo, to Bennoc. The original form is undistinguishable.
In England the commonest are Winwalloc or
Winwalloe; in France, Guenole or Guingalois.
His father, Fracan, was a
British chieftain who fled before Saxon invaders to Brittany, where the saint was born. After considerable
difficulty in overcoming his father's objections, Winwallus entered
the religious life under the guidance of St.
Budoc on the Island of Laurels near Isleverte. After residing here for some
time he determined to go to Ireland to place himself under the
great St. Patrick, but was deterred by a dream in
which that saint appeared to him forbidding the journey, but telling him he
must soon leave St. Budoc. Accordingly he set out with eleven companions, and,
after a time spent in extraordinary austerities on the Island of Tibidi at the
mouth of the River Aven, finally settled at Landevennec, where he founded a monastery on a rocky headland not far
from Brest. After his death many miracles were ascribed to him. His body
was carried to Flanders at the time of the Norman
forays. Relics were preserved at
Montreuil-sur-Mer (where a church was dedicated to him under the name of St.
Walow), at St. Peter's in Ghent, and elsewhere. His tomb was to be seen in the church
of Landevennec up to the beginning of the nineteenth century. The Abbey of
Landevennec became Benedictine in the ninth century, and was
in the hands of the Congregation of St. Maur at the final suppression. St.
Winwallus's feast is kept on 3 March, ad that of his translation on 28 April.
His name has been preserved in the dedications of churches in the Anglican parishes of Wonastow in Monmouthshire
(where he is known as St. Wonnow), and of Gunwalloc, St. Cleer, and
Landewednack in Cornwall. It was been suggested that the last-named parish got its name from some
monastic dependency of Landevennec.
Sources
Acta SS., I March, 245; GAMMACK in Dict. Christ. Biog., s.v.; GUERIN,
Petits Bollandistes, III, 133; ARNOLD-FORESTER, Studies in Church Dedications,
II (London, 1899), 284.
Webster,
Douglas Raymund. "St. Winwallus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.
15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 2 Nov. 2020 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15659b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was
transcribed for New Advent by Michael T. Barrett. Dedicated to Sr. Anne Marie Lustig, O.P.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil
Obstat. October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New
York.
Copyright © 2020 by Kevin Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15659b.htm
Kerlaz :
église paroissiale Saint-Germain, vitrail de Gabriel Léglise représentant Saint
Guénolé, abbé de Landévennec, sauvant le roi Gradlon lors de la submersion de
la ville d'Ys
St. Winwaloe of Landevennec, Abbot
(Guenole)
Born in Brittany; died c. 532. Born of exiled English
parents, St.Winwaloe was consecrated to God from his birth and placed in a
monastery at an early age. He became a disciple of St. Budoc (f.d.
December 9) on Isle Verte. He thought for many years that he would follow St. Patrick's (f.d.
March 17) steps in Ireland, but eventually founded the monastery of Landevennec
near Brest in Breton Cornouaille, which he ruled as abbot. There are several
Cornish churches dedicated to St. Winwaloe, including Landewednack on the
Lizard Peninsula in British Cornwall and Gunwalloe nearby, which seems to
indicate that he had some connection with the area.
A long "Life of Winwaloe" was written at Landevennec in the 9th
century, but it is primarily a collection of legends. The cultus of St.
Winwaloe is still alive in Brittany. There is some confusion as to whether
there are one or two saints of the period named Guenole. Other variations of
his name include Guengaloeus, Gwenno, Wonnow, Wynwallow, Valois, among others (Attwater, Benedictines, Encyclopedia).
St. Winwaloe, or Winwaloc, Abbot
FRAGAN or
Fracan, father of this saint, was nearly related to Cathoun, one the kings or
princes of Wales, and had by his wife Gwen three sons, Guethenoc, Jacut, and
Winwaloe,
whom
they bound themselves by vow to consecrate to God from his birth, because he
was their third son. The invasions of the Saxons, and the storms which soon
after overwhelmed his own country, obliged him to seek a harbour in which he
might serve God in peace. Riwald had retired a little before with many others,
from Wales into Armorica, and had been there kindly received; several Brittons,
who had followed the tyrant Maximus, having settled in that country long
before. Fragan therefore transported thither his whole family, about the middle
of the fifth century, and fixed his habitation at a place called from him to
this day, Plou-fragan, situated on the river Gouet, which ancient British and
Gaulish word signifies blood. All accounts of our saint agree that his two
elder brothers were born in Great Britain, but some place the birth of St.
Winwaloe, and of his sister Creirvie, much younger than him, in Armorica. The
pious parents brought up their children in the fear of God, but out of fondness
delayed to place Winwaloe in a monastery, till he was now grown up. At length,
touched by God, the father conducted him to the monastery of St. Budoc, in the
isle of Laurels, 1 now called Isleverte, or Green Island, not far
from the isle of Brehat. St. Budoc was an abbot in Great Britain, eminent for
piety and learning, and flying from the swords of the Saxons, took refuge among
his countrymen in Armorica, and in this little island assembled several monks,
and opened a famous school for youth. Under his discipline Winwaloe made such
progress, that the holy abbot appointed him superior over eleven monks, whom he
sent to lay the foundation of a new monastery. They travelled through Domnonea,
or the northern coast of Brittany, and finding a desert island near the mouth
of the river Aven, now called Chateaulin, they built themselves several little
huts or cells. From these holy inhabitants the name of Tibidy, that is, House
of Prayers, was given to that island, which it still retains. This place is
exposed to so violent winds and storms, that after three years St. Winwaloe and
his community abandoned it, and built themselves a monastery on the continent,
in a valley sheltered from the winds, called Landevenech, three leagues from
Brest, on the opposite side of the bay. Grallo, count of Cornouailles, in which
province this abbey is situated, in the diocess of Quimper-Corentin, gave the
lands, and was at the expense of the foundation of this famous monastery.
St.
Winwaloe, from the time he left his father’s house, never wore any other
garments but what were made of the skins of goats, and under these a hair
shirt; day and night, winter and summer, his clothing was the same. In his
monastery neither wheat-bread nor wine was used, but for the holy sacrifice of
the mass. No other drink was allowed to the community but water, which was
sometimes boiled with a small decoction of certain wild herbs. The monks eat
only coarse barley-bread, boiled herbs and roots, or barley-meal and herbs
mixed, except on Saturdays and Sundays, on which they were allowed cheese and
shell-fish, but of these the saint never tasted himself. His coarse barley-bread
he always mingled with ashes, and their quantity he doubled in Lent, though
even then it must have been very small, only to serve for mortification, and an
emblem of penance. In Lent he took his refreshment only twice a week; his bed
was composed of the rough bark of trees, or of sand, with a stone for his
pillow. From the relaxation in the rule of abstinence on Saturdays, it is
evident that this monastic rule, which was the same in substance with that
received in other British, Scottish, and Irish monasteries, was chiefly
borrowed from Oriental rules, Saturday being a fast-day according to the
discipline of the Roman church. This rule was observed at Landevenech, till
Lewis le Debonnaire, for the sake of uniformity, caused that of St. Benedict to
be introduced there in 818. This house was adopted into the congregation of St.
Maur, in 1636. St. Winwaloe was sensible that the spirit of prayer, is the soul
of a religious state and the comfort and support of all those who are engaged
in it: as to himself, his prayer, either mental or vocal, was almost continual,
and so fervent, that he seemed to forget that he lived in a mortal body. From
twenty years of age till his death he never sat in the church, but always
prayed either kneeling or standing unmoved, in the same posture, with his hands
lifted up to heaven, and his whole exterior bespoke the profound veneration
with which he was penetrated. He died on the 3rd of March, about the year 529,
in a very advanced age. His body was buried in his own church, which he had
built of wood, on the spot upon which the abbatial house now stands. These
relics were translated into the new church when it was built, but during the
ravages of the Normans they were removed to several places in France, and at
length into Flanders. At present the chief portions are preserved at Saint
Peter’s, at Blandinberg, at Ghent, and at Montreuil in Lower Picardy, of which
he is titular patron. In Picardy, he is commonly called St. Vignevaley, and
more commonly Walovay; in Brittany, Guignole, or more frequently Vennole; in
other parts of France, Guingalois; in England Winwaloe or Winwaloc. His name
occurs in the English litany of the seventh age, published by Mabillon. 2 He is titular saint of St. Guingualoe, a priory
at Chateau du Loir, dependant on Marmoutier at Tours, and of several churches
and parishes in France. His father, St. Fracan, is titular saint of a parish in
the diocess of St. Brienc, called Plou-Fragan, of which he is said to have been
lord, and of another in the diocess of Leon, called St. Frogan; also, St. Gwen
his mother, of one in the same diocess called Ploe-Gwen, and of another in that
of Quimper. In France she is usually called Saint Blanche, the British word
Gwen signifying Blanche or White. His brothers are honoured in Brittany, St.
Guethenoc, on the 5th of November, and St. Jacut, or James, on the 8th of
February and the 3rd of March; the latter is patron of the abbey of St. Jagu,
in the diocess of Dol. St. Balay, or Valay, chief patron of the parish of
Plou-balai, in the diocess of St. Malo, and a St. Martin are styled disciples
of St. Winwaloe, and before their monastic profession were lords of Rosmeur,
and Ros-madeuc. Some other disciples of our saint are placed in the calendars
of several churches in Brittany, as St. Guenhael his successor, St. Idunet or
Yonnet, St. Dei, &c. See the ancient life of St. Winwaloe, the first of the
three given by Bollandus and Henschenius; that in Surius and Cressy not being
genuine. See also Baillet and Lobineau, Lives of the Saints of Brittany, p. 43
and 48.
Note 1. Laureaca. [back]
Note 2. Mabil. in Analect. [back]
Rev. Alban
Butler (1711–73). Volume III: March.The Lives of the
Saints. 1866.
Conversion
et baptême des Croisicais au VI° siècle, église Notre-Dame-de-Pitié,
Fr-44-le
Croisic (France). Vitrail. Signature : "Lorin 1900"
(baie 12).
San Vinvaleo Abate
di Landevennec
Martirologio
Romano: Nella Cornovaglia in Inghilterra, san Vinvaléo, primo abate di
Landévennec, che si tramanda sia stato discepolo di san Budoc nell’isola di
Lavret e abbia dato lustro alla vita monastica.
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/43760
http://stmaterne.blogspot.ca/2007/03/saint-gunol-carme-2-rite-occidental.html
