Bienheureux Germain
Gardiner, Jean Larke et Jean Ireland
Martyrs en
Angleterre (+ 1544)
Germain, élève de
Cambridge, fut le secrétaire de l’évêque de Winchester. Arrêté avec Jean Larke
et Jean Ireland, il fut exécuté avec eux à Tyburn, à Londres pour sa fidélité à
l’Eglise romaine, refusant la primauté du roi comme chef spirituel de l’Eglise
d’Angleterre.
Jean Larke avait été
nommé recteur de Chelsea par son ami, saint Thomas
More dont Jean Ireland était le secrétaire avant de devenir lui-même
recteur à Eltham, dans le Kent.
Béatifiés en 1886.
À Londres, en 1544, les
bienheureux martyrs Jean Larke et Jean Ireland, prêtres, et Germain Gardiner.
Pour avoir refusé de reconnaître au roi Henri VIII le titre de chef suprême de
l’Église d’Angleterre, ils furent convaincus de trahison et pendus au gibet de
Tyburn.
Martyrologe romain
Blessed Jermyn Gardiner,
John Larke & John
Ireland MM (AC)
Died 1544; the first two
were beatified in 1886; Ireland in 1929. Blessed Jermyn (German) was educated
at Cambridge. He became secretary to Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester,
and was executed at Tyburn near London with John Larke and John Ireland for
denying the royal supremacy.
These last two were
secular priests. John Larke was rector of Saint Ethelburga's Bishopsgate, then
of Woodford, Essex, and finally of Chelsea, to which he was nominated by Saint
Thomas More.
John Ireland, after being
chaplain to the same saint, was made rector of Eltham, Kent (Benedictines).
SOURCE : http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0307.shtml
Also
known as
Jermyn Gardiner
Profile
Educated at
the University
of Cambridge, England. Secretary to
the bishop of Winchester, England. Martyred with Blessed John
Larke for refusing to recognize the spiritual supremacy of the King of England.
martyred on 7 March 1544 at
Tyburn, London, England
29
December 1886 by Pope Leo
XIII (cultus
confirmation)
Additional
Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
books
A
Calendar of the English Martyrs of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other
sites in english
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
fonti
in italiano
Martirologio Romano, 2005 edition
MLA
Citation
“Blessed German
Gardiner“. CatholicSaints.Info. 6 March 2023. Web. 28 May 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-german-gardiner/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-german-gardiner/
Book of Saints –
German Gardiner
Article
(Blessed) Martyr (March
7) (16th century) Of German (Jermyn) Gardiner, Secretary of the Bishops of
Winchester, it is not known whether he was a priest or a layman. He won the
Crown of Martyrdom about A.D. 1544.
MLA
Citation
Monks of Ramsgate.
“German Gardiner”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info.
11 July 2013. Web. 28 May 2025. <https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-german-gardiner/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-german-gardiner/
New
Catholic Dictionary – Blessed German Gardiner
Article
Last martyr under Henry
VIII, died Tyburn, England, 1544.
His courage was aroused by the example of the martyrs,
especially Blessed Thomas
More, and he suffered the death of a traitor. Gardiner’s indictment states that
he was executed for endeavoring “to deprive the King of his dignity, title, and
name of Supreme Head of the English and Irish Church.”
MLA
Citation
“Blessed German Gardiner”. New Catholic Dictionary. CatholicSaints.Info.
26 May 2013. Web. 28 May 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-blessed-german-gardiner/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-blessed-german-gardiner/
Bl. German Gardiner
Last martyr under Henry
VIII; date of
birth unknown; died at Tyburn, 7 March, 1544; secretary to, and probably
a kinsmen of, Stephen Gardiner, and an able defender of the
old Faith,
as his tract against John Frith (dated 1 August, 1534) shows.
During the years of fiery trial, which followed, we hear no more of him than
that "he was stirred up to courage"
by the examples of the martyrs,
and especially by More,
a layman like
himself. His witness was given eight years later, under remarkable
circumstances. Henry
VIII was becoming more severe upon the fast-multiplying heretics.
Canmer fell under suspicion, and Gardiner was (or was thought to have been)
employed in drawing up a list of that heresiarch's errors in
the Faith.
Then the whim of the religious despot changed again, and the Catholic was
sacrificed in the heretic's place.
Still he was the last victim, and Henry afterwards became even more
hostile to Protestantism.
Gardiner's indictment states plainly that he was executed for
endeavouring "to deprive the King of his dignity, title, and name of
Supreme Head of the English and Irish Church", and his constancy
is further proved by
this circumstance, that Thomas Haywood, who had been condemned with him, was
afterward pardoned on recanting his opinions. His other companions at the bar
were Blessed
John Larke, priest,
whom Blessed
Thomas More had presented to the rectory of Chelsea (when he himself
lived in that parish),
and also the Ven. John Ireland, who had once been More's chaplain.
They suffered the death of traitors at
Tyburn.
Sources
Camm, Lives of
English Martyrs (London, 1904), i, 543-7; Strype, Canmer (1694),
163-8; More, Life of More (1726), 278.
Pollen, John Hungerford.
"Bl. German Gardiner." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York:
Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 7 Mar. 2017
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06474b.htm>.
Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. September 1, 1909. Remy Lafort,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2020 by Kevin
Knight. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06474b.htm
Stephen Gardiner's
Nephew, Blessed Germain Gardiner
Blessed Germain or Jermyn
or German Gardiner was executed at Tyburn on March 7, 1544 at Tyburn. He was
beatified in 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. As Bishop of Winchester Stephen Gardiner's
nephew and secretary, he became involved in the Prebendaries' Plot of 1543 and
was hung, drawn, and quartered for the denial of Henry VIII's Supremacy over
the Church of England.
The
Prebendaries' Plot was named after the five prebendary canons of
Canterbury Cathedral (including William Hadleigh, a monk at Christchurch
Canterbury prior to the monastery's dissolution) who formed its core. Others
involved were two holders of the new cathedral office of "six
preacher" (created in 1541), along with various local non-cathedral
priests and Kentish gentlemen (eg Thomas Moyle, Edward Thwaites and Cyriac
Pettit). Simultaneous agitation at the court in Windsor, and the conspiracy in
general, was led covertly by Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester.
Henry VIII's chaplain
Richard Cox was charged with investigating and suppressing it, and his success
(240 priests and 60 laypeople of both sexes were accused of involvement) led to
his being made Cranmer's chancellor (and later, under Elizabeth, bishop of Ely).
Gardiner survived, though his relation German Gardiner, who had acted as his
secretary and intermediary to the plotters in Kent, was executed in 1544for
questioning the Royal Supremacy.
So Blessed Germain
Gardiner was left as the scapegoat to suffer for the plot, while Henry VIII,
still valuing Bishop Stephen Gardiner's efforts in supporting both Henry's
"Great Matter" and his more "conservative" reformation of
the Church, spared his uncle.
Along with Gardiner,
Blessed John Larke, friend of St. Thomas More and former rector of Chelsea
(More's parish) and Blessed John Ireland, also connected with St. Thomas More
and Chelsea, were executed for denying Henry VIII's Supremacy. Robert
Singleton, a parish priest, was also executed under a charge of treason, but he
has not been beatified. John
Heywood, the playwright and grandfather of John Donne was also on the
scaffold at Tyburn sentenced to death, but he recanted and was spared. He also
had connections to St. Thomas More and survived the ups and downs of the Tudor
succession until Elizabeth I's reign. Then he went into exile in Mechelen,
Belgium where he died around 1580.
SOURCE : http://supremacyandsurvival.blogspot.ca/2012/03/stephen-gardiners-nephew-blessed.html
The
One Hundred and Five Martyrs of Tyburn – 7 March 1544
Article
Blessed John Larke, secular priest
Blessed Jermyn Gardiner, secular priest
Venerable John Ireland, secular priest
Venerable Thomas
Ashby, layman
Blessed John
Larke had been the rector of Saint Ethelburga’s, Bishopsgate, for
twenty-six years, when Blessed Thomas
More made him parish priest of
the old riverside Church at Chelsea. It was here the Lord Chancellor came with
his household on Sundays and holidays, accounting it a high privilege to
serve Mass,
and where he came finally to be shriven and receive Holy Communion the morning
of the day he was summoned to appear before the Council.
Blessed John
Larke carried on his work for souls another ten years after that.
Then, in the thirty-fifth year of the reign of Henry VIII, he was himself put
to the final test, and “following the example of his own sheep, afterwards
suffered a most famous martyrdom for
the same cause of the supremacy.” Two other secular priests, Blessed Jermyn
Gardiner, kinsman and secretary of
the Bishop of Winchester,
and Venerable John
Ireland, with Venerable Thomas
Ashby, layman,
shared his condemnation and martyrdom.
MLA
Citation
The Nuns of the Convent
of Tyburn. “7 March 1544”. The
One Hundred and Five Martyrs of Tyburn, 1917. CatholicSaints.Info.
21 January 2020. Web. 28 May 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/the-one-hundred-and-five-martyrs-of-tyburn-7-march-1544/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/the-one-hundred-and-five-martyrs-of-tyburn-7-march-1544/
Beati Giovanni Larke,
Giovanni Ireland e Germano Gardiner Martiri
>>>
Visualizza la Scheda del Gruppo cui appartiene
† Tyburn, Londra,
Inghilterra, 7 marzo 1544
Martirologio Romano: A
Londra in Inghilterra, beati martiri Giovanni Larke e Giovanni Ireland,
sacerdoti e Germano Gardiner, che per la loro fedeltà al Romano Pontefice
morirono impiccati a Tyburn, sotto il re Enrico VIII.
Il martirio dei tre beati
oggi festeggiati si colloca nel contesto delle persecuzioni anticattoliche
suscitate in Inghilterra dalla nascita della Chiesa Anglicana e fomentate dagli
stessi sovrani inglesi, interessati a salvaguardare l’unità religiosa della
nazione.
Ben poco sappiamo della
vita di John Larke, ma pare cosa certa che all’epoca del suo martirio avesse
già un’età abbastanza avanzata. Dal 1504 era rettore di Santa Etelburga,
Bishopsgate e conservò tale incarico sino a pochi anni della tragica morte. Nel
1526 fu nominato rettore di Woodford nell’Essex, ma rinunciò alla prestigiosa
carica quando quattro anni dopo il celeberrimo cancelliere inglese San Thomas
More gli affidò il medesimo incarico a Chelsea. Cresacre More, nella sua “Vita
di Moro” ebbe a testimoniare: “La morte [di Moro] impressionò in modo
particolare Larke, suo parroco, che, seguendo l’esempio del proprio discepolo,
arrivò al martirio per la stessa causa [l’Atto di Supremazia], e divenne ancor
più famoso”.
German Gardiner era un
laico, segretario di Stefano Gardiner del quale assai probabilmente era anche
parente. Trovatosi in controversia con i riformatori, prese a considerare
piuttosto quali eroi quei martiri morti in difesa delle prerogative del papato.
Il Cresacre nella sua opera citò anche lui: “German Gardiner, un laico
brillante, istruito e santo, che venne condannato a morte circa otto anni dopo
[Moro] dichiarò di fronte a tutti coloro che erano venuti ad assistere alla sua
esecuzione che doveva il suo coraggio alla santa semplicità dei certosini, ai
magnifici insegnanti del vescovo di Rochester ed alla saggezza unica di Tommaso
Moro”.
Il 15 febbraio 1544
dinnanzi alla corte di Westminster vennero condotti, oltre a John Larke e
German Gardin, anche John Ireland, sacerdote secolare di cui si sa poco o
nulla, ed il laico John Heywood, che poi rinnegò la sua fede. La loro condanna
a morte fu emessa con l’accusa di “tentato tradimento contro il re, in materia
della di lui dignità, titolo e nome di Capo Supremo della Chiesa d’Inghilterra
e d’Irlanda, con parole, scritti ed azioni”. I tre martiri vennero impiccati e
squartati il 7 marzo 1544.
La loro glorificazione
terrena ha seguito tempi diversi: i sacerdote John Larke ed il laico German
Gardiner furono beatificati già nel 1886, mentre il sacerdote John Ireland fu
beatificato solo nel 1929.
Autore: Fabio
Arduino
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/44190.html
~ Martyrs of England and Wales († 1535-1680) ~ (II) : http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/England02.htm#Gardiner
