_-_Oratorio_del_Crocifisso_-_Saints_Helena_and_Macarius_by_Giandomenico_Tiepolo.jpg)
Saint Macaire de
Jérusalem, patriarche de Jérusalem
Patriarche de Jérusalem
de 313 à sa mort, il fut un bâtisseur grâce à l'appui de l'impératrice sainte
Hélène. Il fit construire les basiliques du Saint Sépulcre, du Mont des
Oliviers et de Bethléem. Il combattit vigoureusement l’hérésie arienne. Il
mourut en 334.
Saint Macaire de
Jérusalem
Patriarche de
Jérusalem (+ 334)
Patriarche de Jérusalem
de 313 à sa mort, il fut un bâtisseur grâce à l'appui de l'impératrice sainte Hélène. Il
fit construire les basiliques du Saint Sépulcre, du Mont des Oliviers et de
Bethléem.
Commémoraison de saint
Macaire, évêque de Jérusalem, vers 325. À son instigation, les lieux saints
furent purifiés et ornés de saintes basiliques par Constantin
le Grand et sa mère, sainte Hélène.
Martyrologe romain
SOURCE : http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/780/Saint-Macaire-de-Jerusalem.html
The
Elevation of the Holy Cross. Menologion of Basil II. First quarter of 11th
century. Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
San Macario e l'esaltazione della Vera Croce, miniatura dal Menologio di Basilio
Also
known as
Macario
Profile
Bishop of Jerusalem in 314.
Fought Arianism.
Participated in and signed the documents of the Council
of Nicaea, and helped formulate the Nicene
Creed. When Saint Helena discovered
a collection of crosses, one of which was the True Cross, Macarius suggested
identifying the real one by touching them to a seriously ill woman,
and seeing which one cured her.
Supervised the construction of the church of the Holy
Sepulcher.
335 of
natural causes
Additional
Information
Book
of Saints, by the Monks of
Ramsgate
Saints
of the Day, by Katherine Rabenstein
books
Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints
other
sites in english
Medieval Religion Listserv, by John Dillon
images
video
sitios
en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
fonti
in italiano
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in nederlandse
MLA
Citation
“Saint Macarius of
Jerusalem“. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 March 2023. Web. 10 April 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-macarius-of-jerusalem/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/saint-macarius-of-jerusalem/
Book of Saints
– Macarius of Jerusalem
(Saint) Bishop (March
10) (4th
century) The 39th Patriarch of Jerusalem and a strenuous defender of the
Orthodox Faith against the Arians. He was the first of the Bishops of Palestine
to subscribe the Canons of the Council of Nicaoa (A.D. 325). During his
Episcopate the Empress Saint Helena recovered the True Cross, and it was he who
planned Constantine’s magnificent Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre. He died about
A.D. 353.
MLA
Citation
Monks of Ramsgate.
“Macarius of Jerusalem”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info.
11 November 2014. Web. 10 April 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-macarius-of-jerusalem/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-macarius-of-jerusalem/
St. Macarius of Jerusalem
Feastday: March 10
Death: 335
Bishop of Jerusalem,
Israel, who aided St. Helena in
identifying the True Cross. He became the bishop of Jerusalem in
314 and was a foe of the Arian heresy. He was also one of the signers at the
Council of Nicaea. When St. Helena discovered
the True Cross in Jerusalem, Macanus suggested that a seriously ill woman be
touched with each of the crosses to identify the real one. One cured the woman instantly.
At the command of Emperor Constantine. Macanus built a church over Christ’s
sepulcher which was consecrated as a basilica on
September 13.
SOURCE : https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4383
New Catholic
Dictionary – Saint Macarius
Martyr (c.314-335),
thirty-ninth Bishop of Jerusalem. He opposed Arius and his new heresy, and at
the Council of Nicæa assisted in formulating the Nicene Creed. The Emperor
Constantine placed him in charge of the excavations for discovering the sites
of the Passion and Resurrection and the finding of the True Cross. Under his
supervision the church of the Holy Sepulcher was built. Feast, 10
March.
MLA
Citation
“Saint Macarius”. New Catholic Dictionary. CatholicSaints.Info.
9 March 2013. Web. 10 April 2025.
<https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-macarius/>
SOURCE : https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-macarius/
St. Macarius
Bishop of Jerusalem (312-34).
The date of Macarius's accession to the episcopate is found in St.
Jerome's version of Eusebius's
"Chronicle" (ann. Abr. 2330). His death must have been
before the council at Tyre,
in 335, at which his successor, Maximus, was apparently one of the bishops present.
Macarius was one of the bishops to
whom St. Alexander of Alexandria wrote warning them against Arius (Epiphanius,
"Hær.", LXIX, iv). The vigour of his opposition to the new heresy is
shown by the abusive manner in which Arius speaks of him in his letter to Eusebius
of Nicomedia (Theodoret, Church
History I.4). He was present at the Council
of Nicæa, and two conjectures as to the part he played there are worth
mentioning. The first is that there was a passage of arms between him and
his metropolitan, Eusebius
of Cæsarea, concerning the rights of
their respective sees.
The seventh canon of the council—"As custom and ancient tradition show
that the bishop of
Ælia [Jerusalem]
ought to be honoured,
he shall have precedence; without prejudice, however, to the dignity which
belongs to the Metropolis"—by its vagueness suggests that it was the
result of a drawn battle. The second conjecture is that Macharius, together
with Eustathius of Antioch, had a good deal to do with the drafting of the
Creed finally adopted by the Council
of Nicæa. For the grounds of this conjecture (expressions in the Creed
recalling those of Jerusalem and
Antioch) the reader may consult Hort, "Two Dissertations", etc., 58
sqq.; Harnack, "Dogmengesch.", II (3rd edition), 231; Kattenbusch,
"Das Apost. Symbol." (See index in vol. II.)
From conjectures we may
turn to fiction. In the "History of the Council of Nicæa" attributed
to Gelasius
of Cyzicus there are a number of imaginary disputations between
Fathers of the Council and philosophers in
the pay of Arius. In one of these disputes where Macarius is spokesman for
the bishops he
defends the Descent
into Hell. This, in view of the question whether the Descent
into Hell was found in the Jerusalem Creed,
is interesting, especially as in other respects Macarius's language is made
conformable to that Creed (cf Hahn, "Symbole", 133). Macarius's name
appears first among those of the bishops of
Palestine who subscribed to the Council
of Nicæa; that of Eusebius comes
fifth. St.
Athanasius, in his encyclical letter to the bishops of Egypt and
Libya, places the name of Macarius (who had been long dead at that time) among
those of bishops renowned
for their orthodoxy. Sozomen (Church
History II.20) narrates that Macarius appointed Maximus, who
afterwards succeeded him, Bishop of
Lydia, and that the appointment did not take effect because the poeple of Jerusalem refused
to part with Maximus. He also gives another version of the story, to the effect
that Macarius himself changed his mind, fearing that, if Maximus was out of the
way, an unorthodox bishop would
be appointed to succeed him (Macarius). Tillemont (Mém.
Ecclés., VI, 741) discredits this story (1) because Macarius by so acting would
have contravened the seventh canon of Nicæa; (2) because Aëtius, who at the
time of the council was Bishop of Lydda,
was certainly alive in 331, and very probably in 349. Of course, if Aëtius
outlived Macarius, the story breaks down; but if he died shortly after 331, it
seems plausible enough. The fact that Macarius was then nearing his end would
explain the reluctance, whether on his part or that of his flock, to be
deprived of Maximus. Tillemont's first
objection carries no weight. The seventh canon was too vague to secure from
an orthodox bishop like
Macarius very strict views as to the metropolitan rights of
a Semi-Arian like Eusebius. St.
Theophanes (d. 818) in his "Chronography" makes Constantine,
at the end of the Council
of Nicæa, order Macarius to search for the sites of the Resurrection and
the Passion, and the True
Cross. It is likely enough that this is what happened, for excavations were
begun very soon after the council, and, it would seem under the superintendence
of Macarius. The huge mound and stonework with the temple of Venus on the top,
which in the time of Hadrian had
been piled up over the Holy Sepulchre, were demolished, and "when the
original surface of the ground appeared, forthwith, contrary to all
expectation, the hallowed monument of our
Saviour's Resurrection was discovered" (Eusebius,
Vit. Const., III, 28). On hearing the news Constantine wrote to Macarius giving
lavish orders for the erection of a church on the site (Eusebius,
Ib., III, 30; Theodoret, Church
History I.16). Later on, he wrote another letter "To Macarius and
the rest of the Bishops of Palestine" ordering a church to be built at
Mambre, which also had been defiled by a pagan shrine. Eusebius,
though he gives the superscription as above, speaks of this letter as
"addressed to me", thinking, perhaps of his metropolitan dignity
(Vit. Const., III, 51-53). Churches were also built on the sites of the
Nativity and Ascension
Sources
(For the story of the
finding of the True Cross see CROSS
AND CRUCIFIX I, 4.)
Acta SS., 10 March; VENABLES in Dict. Christ. Biog., s.v.
Bacchus, Francis Joseph. "St. Macarius." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1910. 9 Mar.
2017 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09482a.htm>.
Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by WGKofron.
Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Copyright © 2023 by Kevin Knight.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
SOURCE : http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09482a.htm
Macarius of Jerusalem B (RM)
Died c. 335. Saint Macarius was named bishop of Jerusalem in 314. He fought the
Arian heresy and was one of the signers of the decrees of the Council of
Nicaea. According to legend, he was with Saint Helena when she found three
crosses and was the one who suggested that a seriously ill woman be touched
with each of the crosses; when one of them instantly cured her, it was
proclaimed the True Cross. He was commissioned by Constantine to build a church
over Christ's sepulcher and supervised the building of the basilica that was
consecrated on September 13, 335. He died soon thereafter (Benedictines,
Delaney, Encyclopedia).
SOURCE : http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0310.shtml
_-_stained_glass%2C_Sts._Macarius_of_Jerusalem_%26_Helena_of_Constantinople.jpg)
San Macario di
Gerusalemme Vescovo
Vescovo di Gerusalemme
dal 313 al 334
Conosciamo Macario
soltanto come vescovo di Gerusalemme. Ma al suo tempo Gerusalemme non c'è
più. Già nell'anno 70 il Tempio era stato distrutto. Nel 135, poi, la città
stessa è stata rasa al suolo: sulle sue rovine è sorta Aelia Capitolina, col
suo Campidoglio costruito sul luogo della sepoltura di Gesù. Macario vive come
vescovo un momento importantissimo. La "pace costantiniana" si
estende a tutto l'Impero. Macario ottiene dal sovrano il consenso per abbattere
il Campidoglio, e così fa tornare alla luce l'area del Calvario e del Sepolcro.
Macario, inoltre, si oppone alla dottrina ariana, e interviene poi nel maggio
del 325 al Concilio celebrato a Nicea. Si ritiene che il vescovo Macario sia
stato uno degli autori del Simbolo niceno, ossia del Credo che ancora oggi
pronunciamo. (Avvenire)
Etimologia: Macario =
felice, beato, dal greco
Emblema: Bastone
pastorale
Martirologio Romano:
Nello stesso giorno, commemorazione di san Macario, vescovo di Gerusalemme, per
esortazione del quale i luoghi santi furono riportati alla luce da Costantino
il Grande e da sua madre sant’Elena e nobilitati con la costruzione di sacre basiliche.
Il suo nome, Macario, significa “felice”, “beato”. Ma ci sono ignote la sua famiglia, il luogo di origine e buona parte della sua vita. Lo conosciamo soltanto come vescovo di Gerusalemme, la città che è santa per gli Ebrei come luogo dell’unico Tempio innalzato all’unico Dio, e per i cristiani, come luogo della crocifissione e della risurrezione di Gesù Cristo. Ma, all’epoca di Macario, Gerusalemme non c’è più. Già nell’anno 70, dopo aver schiacciato un’insurrezione antiromana, il futuro imperatore Tito aveva distrutto il Tempio. Nel 135, poi, dopo un’altra rivolta al tempo dell’imperatore Adriano, la città stessa è stata rasa al suolo, perdendo anche il nome: sulle sue rovine è sorta infatti una colonia romana chiamata Aelia Capitolina, col suo Campidoglio costruito sul luogo della sepoltura di Gesù.
Macario vive come vescovo un momento importantissimo. Dopo l’ultima persecuzione anticristiana, ordinata e poi disdetta dall’imperatore Galerio (anni 305-311), i suoi successori, Costantino e Licinio, danno ai cristiani piena libertà di praticare la loro fede, di celebrare il culto, di costruire chiese.
È la “pace costantiniana” estesa a tutto l’Impero, e dunque anche a Gerusalemme, dove Macario si mette al lavoro; ottiene dal sovrano il consenso per abbattere il Campidoglio, e così fa tornare alla luce l’area del Calvario e del Sepolcro. Su di essa sorgerà più tardi la basilica grandiosa della Risurrezione. Qui verrà in pellegrinaggio anche Elena, la vecchia madre di Costantino, prima di una serie infinita di pellegrini.
Negli stessi anni c’è nel mondo cristiano un’aspra divisione, provocata dalla dottrina del prete libico Ario, sulla natura di Gesù Cristo. Macario, da Gerusalemme, si oppone subito alla dottrina ariana, e interviene poi nel maggio del 325 al Concilio celebrato a Nicea (presso Costantinopoli), dove viene confermata la dottrina tradizionale.
Si ritiene anzi che il vescovo Macario sia stato uno degli autori del “Simbolo niceno”, ossia del Credo che ancora oggi pronunciamo nella Messa, professando la fede "in un solo Dio, Padre Onnipotente" e "in un solo Signore, Gesù Cristo... Dio vero da Dio vero".
Autore: Domenico Agasso
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/44300
Saint
Macarius of Jerusalem and Saint Helena of Constantinople,
Bleiglasfenster
in der Kirche Saint Agricol Avignon
Macarius
van Jeruzalem, Palestina; heilige patriarch; † 353.
Feest
10 maart.
Hij
was de 39ste patriarch van die stad. Als zodanig was hij een fervent
tegenstander van de ariaanse ketters.
Tijdens
zijn bisschopsperiode hervond de heilige keizerin-moeder Helena († 328; feest
18 augustus)de relieken van het Heilig Kruis. Daarover wordt verteld in de
legenda Aurea:
Precies
op de plek waar vroeger Jezus gekruisigd was - zo lezen wij althans in de
Kerkgeschiedenis stond op dat moment een Venustempeltje, dat keizer
Hadrianus (117-138) daar nog had laten neerzetten met de bedoeling
dat wanneer een christen daar ging bidden, het leek alsof hij tot Venus bad.
Vandaar dat sindsdien niemand daar meer heen was gegaan en de plek uiteindelijk
zo goed als volkomen in vergetelheid was geraakt.
De
koningin liet het tempeltje tot op de grond toe afbreken, vervolgens liet ze de
grond omspitten en ploegen. Daarop omgordde zich Judas en begon met alle kracht
die in hem was te graven. Twintig voet onder de aarde stootte hij op drie
kruisen. Die bracht hij onmiddellijk naar de koningin boven. Helaas waren ze
niet in staat Christus' kruis te onderscheiden van de kruisen der misdadigers.
Daarom legden ze de kruisen midden in de stad en wachtten af of de Heer zijn
macht zou tonen. En zie, op het negende uur droeg men daar een dode jongeman
voorbij. Judas liet de baar stilhouden en legde vervolgens het eerste en het
tweede kruis op de dode. Maar hij verroerde zich niet. Maar toen men het derde
op hem legde, werd de dode onmiddellijk weer levend.
Maar
in de kerkgeschiedenis lezen we dat één van de adellijke vrouwen uit de stad op
dat moment stervende was. De bisschop van Jeruzalem, Macarius, liet nu het
eerste en het tweede kruis over haar heen leggen; maar het één noch het ander
hielp. Echter, toen hij het derde op haar legde, sloeg zij de ogen op en bleek
weer gezond.
Macarius
is ook bekend als grondlegger van de kerk van het Heilig Graf.
Bronnen
[014; 101/102; 106/107; 140; 149/3p:360; RusIko:155; Dries van den Akker
s.j./2008.07.12]
© A.
van den Akker s.j. / A.W. Gerritsen
SOURCE :
https://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/03/10/03-10-0353-macarius.php
Voir aussi : http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j162sd_St.Marcarius_1-02.html