tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54082953914433557512024-03-18T16:09:03.745-07:00ICONOGRAPHIE CHRÉTIENNEhar14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comBlogger2247125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-39733726316576753872024-03-08T03:43:00.000-08:002024-03-08T03:43:15.172-08:00Saint HUMFROY de THÉROUANNE (de PRÜM), abbé bénédictin et évêque<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/RuinsOfSaintBertin1850.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="800" height="224" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/RuinsOfSaintBertin1850.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Litohgraphie
représentant les ruines de l'<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:abbaye_Saint_Bertin" title="w:fr:abbaye Saint Bertin">église Saint-Bertin</a>, à <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Saint-Omer" title="w:fr:Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a> (ville
du Nord de la France), vers 1850, lithographe de M. Ulysse Delhom,
Artiste-Peintre audomarois (1821-1897)<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Litohgraphie
representing the ruins of the church of Saint-Bertin, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Saint-Omer" title="w:en:Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a> (city
of northern France), circa 1850, by Mr. lithographer Ulysses Delhom,
Artist-Painter from the "audomarois" (country of St Omer) (1821-1897)<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Humphroy<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Évêque de
Thérouanne (+ 871)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">ou Hunfrid.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Originaire de la région de Prüm en Allemagne, il fut évêque de Thérouanne en
France et gouverna en même temps l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin. Il fut chassé de sa
ville épiscopale par les invasions normandes. Après bien des hésitations, il
n'abandonna pas sa charge et nous le retrouvons au concile d'Aix-la-Chapelle.
Nous avons de lui une lettre au pape Nicolas I. Il est l'un des premiers
évêques à avoir donné grande solennité à la fête de l'<a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/980/Assomption-de-la-Vierge-Marie.html" title="Assomption de la Vierge Marie, Mère de Jésus-Christ">Assomption</a> de
la Vierge Marie.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Né sur les bords de la Meuse, Humfroy entra tout jeune au monastère de Prüm, au
diocèse de Trèves. A la mort de <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/255/Saint-Folquin.html" title="Saint Folquin, évêque de Thérouanne (+ 855)">Folquin</a>, il fut
élu évêque de Thérouanne en 856. Il mourut le 8 mars 871. (source: <a href="http://arras.catholique.fr/saints-pas-calais.html" target="_blank">Saints
du Pas de Calais - diocèse d'Arras</a>)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
Au pays des Morins, en 871, saint Humfroy, évêque de Thérouanne. Quand sa ville
fut détruite par les Normands, il devint un soutien et une consolation pour son
troupeau.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/771/Saint-Humphroy.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/771/Saint-Humphroy.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Humfroy</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 8 mars 2024<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">VERTU ÉPROUVÉE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Originaire de la Meuse,
Humfroy (ou Hunfrid) († 871) entre jeune au monastère de Prüm, en Rhénanie. Sa
vertu reconnue dépasse les murs de son abbaye et le fait nommer évêque de
Thérouanne dans l’actuel Pas-de-Calais, en 856. Quittant le cloître, il est
alors jeté au cœur des invasions normandes qui réduisent en cendres sa ville
épiscopale. Humfroy aurait volontiers regagné la tranquillité de son abbaye,
mais le pape est clair : le berger n’abandonne pas son troupeau, surtout
s’il est mal en point. Outre la charge épiscopale, on lui confie la direction
de l’abbaye Saint-Bertin de Sithiu (Saint-Omer), en 864. Fonction que le roi
Charles le Chauve lui retire deux ans plus tard pour des raisons politiques.
Humfroy est connu pour avoir donné à la fête de l’Assomption de Marie un lustre
particulier, dès l’année 862.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le Christ a fait le choix
de suivre jusqu’au bout la volonté de son Père et, à son exemple, saint Humfroy
a pris la décision de préférer le bien de son troupeau.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Temps de silence<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">À sa prière, demandons au
Seigneur de nous faire connaître sa volonté et de nous inspirer la force de la
suivre.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ce mois-ci, à l’écoute de
saint Patrick<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Je rends, sans me lasser,
grâce à mon Dieu qui m’a gardé fidèle au jour de ma tentation, et aujourd’hui
j’offre avec confiance en sacrifice mon âme au Christ mon Seigneur, qui m’a
sauvé de toutes mes détresses.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://francais.magnificat.net/magnificat_content/saint-humfroy/">https://francais.magnificat.net/magnificat_content/saint-humfroy/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/AbbayeSaint-BertinRuinesCirca1899.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="707" height="213" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/AbbayeSaint-BertinRuinesCirca1899.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Photographie
ancienne représentant les ruines de l'<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:abbaye_Saint_Bertin" title="w:fr:abbaye Saint Bertin">église Saint-Bertin</a>, à <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Saint-Omer" title="w:fr:Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a> (ville
du Nord de la France), un peu avant 1899,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Photography
representing the ruins of the church of Saint-Bertin, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Saint-Omer" title="w:en:Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a> (city
of northern France), before 1899<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Humphrey of Prüm"><b>Saint Humphrey of Prüm</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Humphrey of Pruem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Humphrey of Therouanne<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hunfrid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Unfrido<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/8-march">8 March</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/benedictines">Benedictine</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/patrons-of-monks">monk</a> at
Prüm, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/patrons-of-germany">Germany</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/diocese-of-therouanne-france">Thérouanne</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/patrons-of-france">France</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/abbot">Abbot</a> of
Saint Bertin <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/abbey">Abbey</a>.
Cared for and supported his flock during Norman invasion. He had a special
devotion to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/feasts">feast</a> of
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/assumption-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary">Assumption
of Our Lady</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">on the banks of the Meuse
River<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/time-line-871">871</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/saints-of-the-day-humphrey-of-pruem-o-s-b-bishop">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=3818" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/44280" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Humphrey of
Prüm“. CatholicSaints.Info. 8 October 2023. Web. 7 March 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-humphrey-of-prum/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-humphrey-of-pruem-o-s-b-bishop/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Humphrey of Pruem, O.S.B., Bishop"><b>Saints
of the Day – Humphrey of Pruem, O.S.B., Bishop</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(also known as Hunfrid)
Died 871. Bishop Humphrey of Therouanne, who would have preferred to remain a
monk of the Benedictine abbey of Pruem in the Ardennes, was persuaded by Pope
Nicholas I who thought differently. At the same time he ruled the abbey of
Saint Bertin. He was a source of strength and comfort to the people during the
Norman invasion. He had the feast of the Assumption of Our Lady kept with
special splendor in his diocese (Benedictines, Encyclopedia).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-humphrey-of-pruem-o-s-b-bishop/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
5 January 2023. Web. 7 March 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-humphrey-of-pruem-o-s-b-bishop/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-humphrey-of-pruem-o-s-b-bishop/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-humphrey-of-pruem-o-s-b-bishop/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>HUNFRIED, ST.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Benedictine abbot and
bishop; d. Thérouanne, France, March 8, 870. Having become a monk at an early
age, he was abbot of prÜm on his election as bishop of Thérouanne (856). In 861
the normans devastated Thérouanne. Discouraged by the disaster, Hunfried wished
to return to Prüm but was dissuaded by Pope nich olas i (Monumenta Germaniae
Epistolae 6:613). Thérouanne was rebuilt, and Hunfried marked the
restoration with the solemn celebration of the Feast of the assump tion in 862.
He was abbot of saint-bertin (864–866) and assisted at a number of councils in
France, including the Third Council of Soissons, September 866. Hunfried's
relics were exhumed April 13, 1108, by Bp. John of Thérouanne. His head is
venerated at Saint-Omer; in 1553 the rest of his relics were brought to Ypres,
where they were burned by the anti-Spanish faction, the Geuzen, in 1563.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Feast: March 8.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibliography: <i>Acta
Sanctorum </i>March 1:789–792. J. L. Baudot and L. Chaussin, <i>Vies des
saints et des bienheueux selon l'ordre du calendrier avec l'historique des fête</i>s (Paris
1935–1956) 3:175–176. A. M. Zimmermann, <i>Kalendarium Benedictinum: Die
Heiligen und Seligen des Benediktinerorderns und seiner Zweige</i>, 4 v.
(Metten 1933–38) 1:300–302.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[G. J. Donnelly]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hunfried-st">https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hunfried-st</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Humphrey of Prüm<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Feast Day: March 8</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Humphrey of Prüm,
also known as Humphrey of Pruem, Humphrey of Therouanne, Hunfrid, and Unfrido,
was a renowned Benedictine monk and bishop during the 9th century. Born on the
banks of the Meuse River, his life was marked with unwavering dedication to his
faith and tireless service to the Church. Humphrey entered the Benedictine
monastery at Prüm, Germany, where he nurtured his spiritual growth and acquired
deep knowledge of theology, monastic traditions, and sacred scriptures. His
commitment and discipline led him to be recognized for his outstanding virtues,
and he quickly rose through the ranks within the monastic community.
Eventually, he was appointed as the abbot of Saint Bertin Abbey. In addition to
his responsibilities as an abbot, Humphrey was also appointed as the bishop of
Thérouanne, France. As bishop, he devoted himself to the pastoral care of his
flock, providing spiritual guidance and support to the people entrusted to his
care. During this time, the region was ravaged by the Norman invasion, a
turbulent period marked by violence and instability. Despite the challenging
circumstances, Humphrey stayed by the side of his people, working tirelessly to
offer comfort and aid to those affected. Humphrey had a profound devotion to
the feast of the Assumption of Our Lady, which is a celebration of the Virgin
Mary's ascent into heaven. He saw in this feast a powerful reminder of the
heavenly reward awaiting those who faithfully serve God. Through his teachings
and personal example, he encouraged others to embrace this devotion and find
solace and inspiration in the hope of the Assumption. Saint Humphrey of Prüm
not only excelled in his roles as a monk, abbot, and bishop, but he also
demonstrated profound humility, compassion, and love for God and his fellow
human beings. His life embodied the Benedictine values of prayer, work, and
hospitality, and he tirelessly sought to bring these virtues to others. After a
life of dedicated service, Saint Humphrey passed away in the year 871. His
sanctity and exemplary life were recognized by the Church, though the official
canonization process as we know it today did not exist at that time. However,
Humphrey's status as a saint was widely acknowledged and revered even before
the formal structure of canonization was established. Although specific
representations of Saint Humphrey of Prüm are not widely known or documented,
his legacy and spiritual influence have endured through the centuries. Today,
he continues to be venerated as a patron and intercessor, even though his
specific patronages are not recorded. Saint Humphrey's life serves as an
inspirational reminder of the power of faith, devotion, and steadfast service.
His unwavering commitment to God and his people inspires Christians to live
lives rooted in prayer, love for others, and humble service. As we remember the
life of this saintly Benedictine monk and bishop, may we find inspiration to
embrace the virtues he exemplified and draw closer to God in our own lives.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_humphrey_of_pr%C3%BCm">https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_humphrey_of_pr%C3%BCm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Abbaye_Saint-Bertin.de_Saint-Omer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="800" height="239" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Abbaye_Saint-Bertin.de_Saint-Omer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruine
de l'Abbaye Saint-Bertin à Saint-Omer. (France), détruite en 1830.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Abbaye_Saint-Bertin_2009-06-10_07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="213" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Abbaye_Saint-Bertin_2009-06-10_07.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruines
de l'abbatiale Saint-Bertin de Saint-Omer, vues depuis le chevet.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Unfrido di
Therouanne </b>Vescovo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/03/08">8 marzo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">† 871<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Monaco a Prum e poi
vescovo di Thérouanne in un periodo di grande decadenza morale e invasioni
normanne, dopo la morte di Lotario I e l'ascesa di Lotario II, si trovò a dover
guidare una diocesi devastata dalle incursioni normanne che distruggevano
monasteri, incendiavano città e bruciavano villaggi. A seguito di un attacco a
Thérouanne, Unfrido chiese al papa di potersi ritirare in monastero, ma il pontefice
lo dissuase, spronandolo a rimanere al suo posto. Al ritirarsi dei pirati,
Unfrido convinse la gente a tornare nelle proprie case e ricostruire i
santuari. Fu anche abate di Saint-Bertin e morì nell'871, dopo aver introdotto
la solennizzazione dell'Annunciazione come festa di precetto nella sua diocesi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: Nel territorio di Thérouanne in Francia, sant’Unfredo, vescovo,
che, dopo la distruzione della città da parte dei Normanni, si premurò senza
sosta di raccogliere e confortare il suo gregge.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il 23 settembre 855
Lotario I, Sacro Romano Imperatore, giunse ormai morente al monastero di Prum,
nella speranza di poter vestire in punta di morte l’abito monastico onde
scontare i suoi peccati. Sei giorni dopo infatti morì ed i frati con riverenza
lo seppellirono nella chiesa del Salvatore. Uno di quei frati era proprio
Sant’Unfrido. Nemmeno un anno dopo morì San Folkwin, vescovo di Thérouanne, ed
il nuovo imperatore Lotario II designò Unfrido a succedergli. Il giovane frate
non sapeva che lo attendeva una preoccupante realtà.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il secondo concilio di Toul, tenutosi nell’860 presso Tusey e sottoscritto
anche da Unfrido, ben descrisse la situazione delle Gallie in quel periodo:
“Con l’aiuto di Dio iniziamo iniziamo descrivendo le condizioni attuali e i
rischi che le persone che si trovano sotto la nostra guida devono affrontare.
Confessiamo che i nostri peccati hanno contribuito al disprezzo in cui si
trovano sia le leggi umane sia quelle divine, ammettiamo che ogni ordine
religioso si trova in subbuglio, che non vi sono altro che bestemmie, menzogne,
adulteri e omicidi. Osserviamo che il sangue si mescola al sangue; che la terra
viene ingoiata e che tutti i suoi abitanti sono malati”. Il canone 5 tratta
invece del clero e dei monaci dissoluti: “I nostri peccati hanno fatto sì che
molti luoghi dedicati a Dio siano stati distrutti da cristiani rinnegati e dai
crudeli normanni e, approfittando di ciò, molti preti e frati scostumati sono
tornati ai loro interessi, senza nessuna autorizzazione ecclesiastica e senza
nessuna vergogna: sempre vagabondi allontanatisi dal gregge di Dio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
La diocesi di Thérouanne fu particolarmente colpita dai normanni che si
spingevano sin dove potevano con le loro navi e poi sbarcavano per distruggere
la regione devastando i campi, incendiando le città e bruciando i villaggi.
Verso la Pentecoste dell’861 giunsero ad assediare il monastero di Saint-Bertin
presso Saint-Omer, che incendiarono dopo averlo saccheggiato ed ucciso quattro
monaci. Anche Thérouanne venne attaccata ed il vescovo si trovò costretto alla
fuga.Unfrido ne fu molto addolorato e chiese al papa San Nicola I di potersi
ritirare in monastero, ma il pontefice con gentilezza ma indubbia fermezza
replicò: “Non capisci, carissimo fratello, che se è pericoloso per il capitano
abbandonare la nave quando il mare è calmo, è molto peggio lasciarla quando il
mare è mosso?”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Non appena i pirati si ritirarono, Unfrido tornò allora in città e, dopo aver
ripreso possesso della sua sede, convinse amabilmente la gente a tornare nelle
proprie case ed a ricostruire i propri santuari. Dall’844 gli fu affidato anche
l’incarico di abate di Saint-Bertin, fino a quando nell’868 Carlo il Calvo non
preferì rimpiazzarlo con un altro prelato di suo gradimento. Unfrido continuò
comunque ad esercitare il suo ministero come vescovo di Thérouanne sino alla
sua morte, avvenuta nell’871. A lui si dovette la solennizzazione
dell’Annunciazione, che divenne festa di precetto in tutta la sua diocesi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Fabio Arduino<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/44280">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/44280</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Unfrido di
Therouanne</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nome: Sant' Unfrido
di Therouanne<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Titolo: Vescovo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nascita: Thérouanne,
Francia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Morte: 871,
Thérouanne, Francia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ricorrenza: <a href="https://www.santodelgiorno.it/08/marzo/">8 marzo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio: edizione
2004<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tipologia: Commemorazione<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nell'855 l'imperatore
Lotario arrivò morente presso il monastero di Priim della diocesi di Trcviri,
sperando di espiare i crimini compiuti col vestire l'abito monastico all'ultimo
momento. Sopravvisse soltanto sei giorni e, come ricorda un cronista del tempo,
«i frati lo seppellirono con riverenza nella chiesa del Salvatore». Uno di quei
frati era Unfrido.<br />
<br />
Dopo nemmeno un anno morì un altro personaggio importante, S. Folkwin, vescovo
di Thérouanne, e Lotario II scelse Unfrido per la sua successione.<br />
<br />
Già questa serie di avvenimenti avrebbe potuto spaventare il giovane frate, ma
la realtà che lo attendeva sarebbe stata ancora più preoccupante.<br />
<br />
Il secondo concilio di Toul, tenutosi presso la città di Tuscy nell'860, e al
quale Unfrido appose la propria firma, descrive la situazione della Gallia di
quel periodo: «Con l'aiuto di Dio iniziamo descrivendo le condizioni attuali e
i rischi che le persone che si trovano sotto la nostra guida devono affrontare.<br />
<br />
Confessiamo che i nostri peccati hanno contribuito al disprezzo in cui si
trovano sia le leggi umane sia quelle divine, ammettiamo che ogni ordine
religioso si trova in subbuglio, che non vi sono altro<br />
che bestemmie, menzogne, adulteri e omicidi. Osserviamo che il sangue si
mescola al sangue; che la terra viene ingoiata e che tutti i suoi abitanti sono
malati».<br />
<br />
Il canone 5, che tratta del clero e dei monaci dissoluti, dice: «I nostri
peccati hanno fatto sì che molti luoghi dedicati a Dio siano stati distrutti da
cristiani rinnegati e dai crudeli normanni e, approfittando di ciò, molti preti
e frati scostumati sono tornati ai loro interessi, senza nessuna autorizzazione
ecclesiastica e senza nessuna vergogna: sembrano vagabondi allontanatisi dal
gregge di Dio».<br />
<br />
La diocesi di Thérouanne era particolarmente colpita dai normanni che si
spingevano fin dove potevano risalendo i fiumi con le loro navi e poi, una
volta sbarcati, attraversavano la regione distruggendo i campi, incendiando le
città e bruciando i villaggi. Nella settimana di Pentecoste dell'861 assediarono
il monastero di Saint-Bertin presso Saint-Omer e lo incendiarono dopo averlo
saccheggiato e aver ucciso quattro frati.<br />
<br />
Anche la città di Thérouanne venne attaccata e il vescovo fu costretto a
fuggire.<br />
<br />
Per il dolore che ne ebbe, Unfrido da Thérouanne si rivolse a papa S. Nicola I
(13 nov.) per ottenere il permesso di ritirarsi in un monastero. Il papa gli
rispose gentilmente, ma con fermezza: «Non capisci, carissimo fratello, che se
è pericoloso per il capitano abbandonare la nave quando il mare è calmo, è
molto peggio lasciarla quando il mare è mosso?».<br />
<br />
Fece quindi capire con chiarezza a Unfrido che sarebbe stato giustificato a
fuggire dai pirati, ma lo invitò a fare pronto ritorno, non appena la tempesta
si fosse placata, per raccogliere le pecorelle disperse. I barbari si
ritirarono presto e Unfrido, dopo aver ripreso possesso della sua sede, svolse
un compito molto importante e nobile nel convincere la gente a ritornare alle
proprie case e a ricostruire i propri santuari.<br />
<br />
Adelardo, abate di Saint-Bertin, morì nell'844 e la Chiesa all'unanimità
pretese che fosse Unfrido a succedergli. Fu così che durante il nono anno di
episcopato, Unfrido accettò anche la nuova carica che conservò fino all'868,
quando venne defenestrato da Carlo il Calvo che mise al suo posto un suo
favorito, un canonico secolare chiamato Ilduino.<br />
<br />
Unfrido continuò a essere vescovo della diocesi di Thérouanne fino all'871,
anno in cui morì. Su suo ordine la festa dell'Annunciazione, che fino ad allora
era stata osservata solo saltuariamente e in poche chiese, divenne festa di
precetto per tutta la diocesi.<br />
<br />
MARTIROLOGIO ROMANO. Nel territorio di Thérouanne in Francia,
sant’Unfredo, vescovo, che, dopo la distruzione della città da parte dei
Normanni, si premurò senza sosta di raccogliere e confortare il suo gregge.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santodelgiorno.it/sant-unfrido-di-therouanne/">https://www.santodelgiorno.it/sant-unfrido-di-therouanne/</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Hunfried von Thérouanne</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">französisch: Humfroi,
Unfroi, Omfroy</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
auch: Hunfrid, Humfrid, Huntfridus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Gedenktag katholisch: 8.
März</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
mit anderen aus St-Bertin: 26. Oktober</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Übertragung der Gebeine: 13. April</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Auffindung der Gebeine: 16. August<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Name bedeutet: der
friedlich Kämpfende (althochdt.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bischof von Thérouanne</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
† 8. März 871 (?) in <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Orte/GKarte.html?50.637379,2.257654&z=12">Thérouanne</a> bei
Saint-Omer in Frankreich<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hunfried war Mönch,
möglicherweise auch Abt im damaligen <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Orte/GKarte.html?50.206659,6.425097&z=17">Kloster</a> der <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Orden/Benediktiner.htm">Benediktiner</a> in
Prüm in der Eifel, wohl 856 wurde er Bischof von <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Orte/GKarte.html?50.637379,2.257654&z=12">Thérouanne</a>.
Nach den Normanneneinfällen wollte er 861 sein Bistum aufgeben, was ihm
Papst <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienN/Nikolaus_I_der_Grosse.htm">Nikolaus
I.</a> aber verbot. Von 864 bis 866 war Hunfried zugleich Abt im Kloster
St-Bertin - dem heutigen <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Orte/GKarte.html?50.751731,2.249828&z=12">St-Omer</a> -
bei Calais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1108 ließ Bischof
Johannes I. Hunfrieds <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Glossar/Reliquien.html">Gebeine</a> erheben
und unter den Altar der Marienkirche übertragen.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienH/Hunfried_von_Therouanne.html">Seite
zum Ausdruck optimiert</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Autor: Joachim
Schäfer - zuletzt aktualisiert am 04.03.2021<br />
<br />
Quellen:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
• Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, begr. von Michael Buchberger. Hrsg. von
Walter Kasper, 3., völlig neu bearb. Aufl., Bd. 5. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau
1996<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">korrekt zitieren: Joachim
Schäfer: Artikel Hunfried von Thérouanne, aus dem Ökumenischen Heiligenlexikon - <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienH/Hunfried_von_Therouanne.html">https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienH/Hunfried_von_Therouanne.html</a>,
abgerufen am 8. 3. 2024</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet das Ökumenische
Heiligenlexikon in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte
bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <a href="https://d-nb.info/1175439177">https://d-nb.info/1175439177</a> und <a href="https://d-nb.info/969828497">https://d-nb.info/969828497</a> abrufbar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienH/Hunfried_von_Therouanne.html">https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienH/Hunfried_von_Therouanne.html</a></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-45634847819742520792024-03-07T03:59:00.000-08:002024-03-07T04:54:45.673-08:00Bienheureux LEONID IVANOVIČ FËDOROV, évêque et martyr<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Fedorov_Univ2008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="526" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Fedorov_Univ2008.jpg" width="210" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Леонид
Федоров, настенная роспись в Унивской Лавре<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Icona
di Fëdorov nella chiesa di Sant'Antonio presso il Russicum<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureux Léonide
Féodorov<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Martyr (+ 1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Né dans une famille
orthodoxe, il fut reçu à Rome dans la pleine communion catholique. Il fit alors
ses études à Rome puis à Fribourg et fut ordonné prêtre en Bosnie en 1913,
selon le rite oriental de l'Église gréco-catholique. Devenu moine studite, il
retourne à Saint Petersbourg, où il est arrêté et déporté en Sibérie. Il en
revient en 1917, reçoit la charge d'exarque de la communauté catholique. Il est
arrêté à nouveau en 1923, envoyé au camp de Solovsky au Grand Nord puis déporté
au camp de travaux forcés de Vladka (maintenant Kirov) en Sibérie. Il y
succombera après douze ans de détention pour sa fidélité au Christ et à l'unité
de l'Église. Le procès de sa béatification a été entamé en 1937. Il a été
béatifié à Lviv par Jean-Paul II le 27 juin 2001.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
Au camp de travaux forcés de Vladka (maintenant Kirov) en Sibérie, l'an 1935,
le bienheureux Léonide Féodorov, prêtre et martyr. Né dans une famille orthodoxe,
il fut reçu à Rome dans la pleine communion catholique et, devenu moine
studite, puis exarque de la communauté catholique, il succomba après douze ans
de détention pour sa fidélité au Christ et à l'unité de l'Église.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10739/Bienheureux-L%C3%A9onide-F%C3%A9odorov.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10739/Bienheureux-L%C3%A9onide-F%C3%A9odorov.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureux Leonid
FEODOROV</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nom: FEODOROV (FËDOROV)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Prénom: Leonid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nom de religion: Leonid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pays: Russie<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Naissance:
04.11.1879 à Saint-Petersbourg<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mort:
07.03.1935 à Vladka<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Etat: Prêtre -Exarque -
Moine Studite - Martyr du Groupe des <a href="https://www.bibliotheque-monastique.ch/bibliotheque/bibliotheque/saints/hagiographie/fiches/fg036.htm" target="_self">25 martyrs d'Ukraine</a> <a href="https://www.bibliotheque-monastique.ch/bibliotheque/bibliotheque/saints/hagiographie/fiches/fg036.htm" target="_blank">2</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Note: Orthodoxe russe, il
quitte son séminaire en 1902 et vient à Rome où il devient catholique. Prêtre
de rite oriental en 1911. Moine au monastère de Saint Théodore le Studite en
Bosnie en 1913. Il revient à Saint-Pétersbourg. Emprisonné en Sibérie, libéré
en 1917. Exarque de l'Église catholique russe de rite oriental. En 1923 il est
déporté aux îles Solovky et à Vladka où il meurt en martyr de la foi, le 7 mars
1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Béatification:
27.06.2001 à Lviv (Ukraine) par Jean Paul II<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Canonisation:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fête: 27 juin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Réf. dans <i>l’Osservatore
Romano</i>: 2001 n.26 p.1-5 - n.27
p.9-10 - n.28 p.12 - n.29 p.2.5<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Réf. dans <i>la
Documentation Catholique</i>: 2001 n.15 p.747-749<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Notice</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leonid (Léonide) Fëdorov
(Feodorov) naît le 4 novembre 1879 à Saint-Pétersbourg dans une famille
orthodoxe russe. En 1902 il quitte son séminaire orthodoxe et fait un voyage à
Rome où il devient catholique. Il étudie à Anonia, Rome et Fribourg. Le 25 mars
1911, il reçoit l'ordination sacerdotale dans le rite oriental en Bosnie. C'est
là qu'en 1913 il devient moine au monastère de Saint Théodore le Studite. Il
revient à Saint-Pétersbourg. Au bout d'un certain temps, il est arrêté et
envoyé en Sibérie. A sa libération, en 1917, il est nommé Exarque de l'Église
catholique russe de rite oriental. En 1923, il est arrêté une seconde fois.
Condamné à 10 ans de déportation, il est envoyé aux îles Solovky sur la Mer
Blanche et à Vladka. Il meurt en martyr de la foi le 7 mars 1935. En 1937, son
procès de béatification est entrepris avec l'appui du métropolite André
Sheptytsky.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.bibliotheque-monastique.ch/bibliotheque/bibliotheque/saints/hagiographie/fiches/f0555.htm">https://www.bibliotheque-monastique.ch/bibliotheque/bibliotheque/saints/hagiographie/fiches/f0555.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>MARTYRS D'UKRAINE</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
(1919-1973)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bx Nicolas Charnetsky et 24 compagnons</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>NOTE INTRODUCTIVE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ces martyrs appartiennent
à l'Église grecque-catholique ukrainienne de rite oriental, excepté le
bienheureux Léonid Fedorov, exarque des catholiques russes de rite byzantin,
mais les démarches en vue de sa béatification ont été conduites par le
métropolite ukrainien André Sheptytsky.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CONTEXTE HISTORIQUE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Kiev est le berceau du
christianisme en Europe orientale. Cette terre est évangélisée par des
missionnaires venus de Constantinople. En 988, le Prince Wladimir se fait
baptiser à Kiev avec son peuple. C'est de là que la foi et la civilisation
chrétienne se répandent dans l'Orient européen, région à vocation œcuménique
pour une Europe invitée à respirer "avec ses deux poumons" comme
autrefois. Au 20e siècle la majorité des Ukrainiens est orthodoxe. Les
catholiques se trouvent surtout dans la région de Lviv à l'Ouest. Dans ce pays
charnière vivent également de nombreux Juifs, des protestants et des Musulmans;
tous ont subi les vicissitudes de l'histoire de ce siècle terrible: les deux
guerres mondiales, la rivalité entre la Russie et la Pologne sur son territoire,
la domination tyrannique et sanguinaire de deux régimes athées: le communisme
et le nazisme. On se rappelle en particulier que Staline a réussi à faire de
l'Ukraine, ce "grenier de l'Europe", un pays où les affamés moururent
par millions. D'autre part il a rattaché de force les catholiques Ukrainiens à
l'Église orthodoxe. Nombreux sont ces martyrs qui ont donnés leur vie par
fidélité à Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1986, une épreuve d'un
autre ordre marque le pays: la catastrophe de Tchernobyl dont les conséquences
se font sentir encore actuellement. Sans effusion de sang, l'Ukraine a pu se
libérer du joug soviétique, peu après avoir célébré solennellement le
millénaire de son baptême en 1988, et depuis 10 ans, l'Église catholique
Ukrainienne connaît un extraordinaire essor des vocations, mais le pays souffre
d'une crise morale et économique et les jeunes, en particulier, émigrent en
masse.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le voyage et les
béatifications de Jean Paul II<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Jean Paul II a visité
l'Ukraine du 23 au 27 juin 2001 pour encourager ses habitants. "Je rends
grâce à Dieu qui a rendu possible ce pèlerinage qui me tenait tant à cœur. Il a
voulu être un acte d'hommage à ce peuple, à sa longue et glorieuse histoire de
foi, de témoignage et de martyre." (Audience Générale du 4 juillet 2001).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 26 juin il a béatifié
en rite latin:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Joseph BILCZEWSKI</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Au terme du synode des
évêques sur l’Eucharistie, clôturant l’Année eucharistique voulue par Jean Paul
II, le Pape Benoît XVI, son successeur, canonise le Dimanche 23 octobre 2005
(Dimanche des Missions) cinq Bienheureux qui se sont distingués par leur
dévotion eucharistique, notamment Saint Joseph Bilczewski.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Jozef (Joseph) Bilczewski
naît en 1860 à Wilamowice, près de Kety, à l'époque diocèse de Cracovie,
aujourd'hui de Bielesko-Zywiec (Ukraine). La région faisait alors partie de
l'Autriche-Hongrie et aujourd’hui de l’Ukraine. Il est l'aîné d'une famille de
paysans comptant neuf enfants. Il fait ses classes élémentaires à Wilamowice et
à Kety, puis fréquente le lycée de Wadowice (ville natale de Jean Paul II) où
il obtient le baccalauréat en 1880. Il entre au séminaire de Cracovie et il est
ordonné prêtre en 1884. Dès les premières années de son sacerdoce, il cultive
une passion ardente pour la vérité qui le conduit à faire, de la recherche
théologique, une voie originale pour traduire en comportements concrets le
commandement de l'amour envers Dieu. En même temps il témoigne d'un grand amour
envers le prochain. En 1886, il obtient un doctorat en théologie à l'université
de Vienne. Il poursuit ses études à Rome et à Paris où il se spécialise dans la
théologie dogmatique et l'archéologie chrétienne. En 1890 il entre à
l'université Jagellone de Cracovie et l'année suivante à celle de Jean Casimir
de Lviv: il est professeur de théologie dogmatique. Doyen puis recteur de
l'université (1900), il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages d'archéologie et
d'histoire de l'Église. Avec ses collègues professeurs et ses étudiants, il
cultive des rapports respectueux et cordiaux et ceux-ci lui rendent en retour
grande estime et affection. Malgré son jeune âge, il acquiert une renommée de
scientifique. Le Pape Benoît XVI dans son homélie de canonisation note que
c’est un homme de prière : « La Messe, la Liturgie des Heures, la
méditation, le chapelet et les autres exercices de piété scandent ses journées.
Un temps particulièrement long est consacré à l’adoration eucharistique. »
On l’appelle ‘l’apôtre de l’eucharistie’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ses capacités
extraordinaires d'esprit et de cœur poussent des gens influents à demander à
l'Empereur d'Autriche François-Joseph de le présenter au Saint Père comme
candidat au siège métropolitain de Lviv alors vacant. Le Pape Léon XIII agrée
favorablement cette requête et le nomme Archevêque de rite latin de Lviv en
1900. Il propage la doctrine sociale de l'Église, fonde des journaux et des
revues, et soutient les mouvements naissants de protection sociale des
ouvriers. Au cours de ses 23 années de service pastoral éclate la grande guerre
de 1914-18. Lors de la guerre polono-ukrainienne (1918-1919) il s’emploie à
faire cesser les luttes fratricides entre les deux populations. Puis c'est
l'invasion bolchevique (1919-20) qui se déchaîne avec toute sa furie contre
l'Église catholique, et enfin la guerre polono-soviétique (1920-21) dont
l'Ukraine est l'un des enjeux. Entre 1918 et 1920, l'Archidiocèse perd environ
120 prêtres. Période de grandes souffrances où l'Évêque intervient souvent
auprès des autorités pour défendre Polonais, Ukrainiens ou Juifs. Il encourage
les fidèles et secourt tous les pauvres, sans distinction de race, de
confession ou de rite. Il apparaît vraiment comme "l'icône vivante du Bon
Pasteur". Mais sa santé déjà faible est minée par ces événements. Il meurt
en 1923 et, comme il l'avait demandé, on l'enterre au cimetière des indigents,
lui qui, toute sa vie, a marqué un amour de prédilection pour les pauvres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Notons que Jean Paul II,
comme il l’a rappelé lui-même lors de la béatification, était "dans la
lignée de la succession apostolique" du bienheureux: car il a été ordonné
évêque par Mgr Eugène Baziak, lui-même ordonné évêque par Mgr Twardowski,
lequel avait été ordonné par Mgr Bilczewski.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Sigmund GORAZDOWSKI</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Au terme du synode des
évêques sur l’Eucharistie, clôturant l’Année eucharistique voulue par Jean Paul
II, le Pape Benoît XVI, son successeur, canonise le Dimanche 23 octobre 2005
(Dimanche des Missions) cinq Bienheureux qui se sont distingués par leur
dévotion eucharistique, notamment Saint Sigismond Gorazdowski.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Zygmunt (Sigismond)
Gorazdowski (Horazdowski), "authentique perle du clergé latin de
Lviv" naît en 1845 dans une famille profondément respectueuse des
principes chrétiens. Mais il grandit dans un climat de souffrance et
d'épreuves. Dès son jeune âge il est atteint d'une grave maladie aux poumons.
Voulant aidé ceux qui souffrent comme lui, il entreprend des études de droit,
interrompues lorsqu’il entend l’appel au sacerdoce. Entré au grand séminaire de
Lviv, il est ordonné, en 1871, malgré son très mauvais état de santé après
avoir suivi deux ans de thérapie intensive. En dépit de cet handicap de santé,
sa charité extraordinaire le conduit à se consacrer inlassablement aux pauvres.
Il exerce son ministère dans différentes villes: Tartakov, Wojnilow, etc. La
figure de ce jeune prêtre qui, au mépris du danger de contagion, se prodigue
parmi les malades de Wojnilow atteints du choléra est demeurée dans la mémoire
des contemporains comme un témoignage vivant de l'amour miséricordieux du
Sauveur. Sa passion ardente pour l'Évangile le porte à être présent dans les
écoles, dans le domaine de l'édition et dans diverses initiatives
catéchétiques. Il publie le "Catéchisme pour le peuple" et
"Conseils pour les jeunes" à l’intention des jeunes gens et des
jeunes filles. Son activité écrite vise à lutté contre la perte de la foi,
spécialement parmi les minorités, ce qui lui vaut de solides inimitiés
anticléricales qui le poursuivront toute sa vie. Il exerce un intense ministère
pastoral à Lviv pendant de nombreuses années, jusqu'à sa mort. L'évêque de
cette ville est Mgr Joseph Bilczewski , canonisé avec lui. Sigmund Goradowski
écrit encore "Principes et normes d'éducation", ainsi que d'autres
textes au contenu religieux et social. Il fonde l' "Association Bonus
Pastor" pour les prêtres. Son action
apostolique s'accompagne d'un engagement caritatif sans relâche. Il
fonde une "Maison du travail volontaire" pour donner un emploi aux
pauvres et aux sans-abri, une Cantine populaire, un "Service
d'hospitalisation", un Institut pour séminaristes et étudiants pauvres,
une "Maison de l'Enfant-Jésus" pour mères seules et orphelins, une
"École catholique Saint-Joseph". Sa créativité et son dévouement dans
ce domaine ne connaissent pratiquement pas de limites. Dans le souvenir des
fidèles de Lviv, il demeure le "père des pauvres" et le "prêtre
des sans-abri". Pour continuer les œuvres de charité qu'il avait
entreprises, il fonde le 17 février 1884, la Congrégation des "Sœurs de la
Miséricorde de Saint-Joseph", Sœurs tertiaires franciscaines Quant à lui,
notait Jean Paul II, il donne l'image d'un "véritable religieux quoique
sans vœux particuliers" par le témoignage de sa pleine fidélité au Christ
pauvre, chaste et obéissant. Il meurt en 1920, restant pour tous un témoin
privilégié de la divine miséricorde.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 27 juin il a béatifié
en rite byzantin-ukrainien :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Théodore ROMZHA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Teodor (Théodore) Georges
Rhomzha naît dans une humble famille le 14 avril 1911 à Velykyj Bychkiv dans la
Transcarpathie au Sud-Ouest de l'Ukraine. Enfant joyeux et étudiant très
populaire, il étonne tout le monde en annonçant son intention de devenir
prêtre. Il part à Rome en 1930 pour se former au "Russicum", collège
pontifical créé à la demande de Pie XI, dans le but de se préparer à un travail
missionnaire dans la Russie soviétique. Il fréquente aussi l'Université
grégorienne. Ordonné prêtre le 25 décembre 1936, il obtient une licence l'année
suivante. De retour dans son pays, il est nommé au printemps de 1938 curé de
Berezovo dans la région de Chust, prêtre pauvre parmi les pauvres. En mars
1939, après l'occupation des Carpates par les Hongrois alliés aux allemands, le
Père Romzha est nommé directeur spirituel et professeur de philosophie au
séminaire d'Oujgorod (Uzhorod). Il est ensuite nommé administrateur apostolique
de Mukachevo et le 24 septembre 1944 il est ordonné évêque de cette éparchie
(ou diocèse). Après avoir subi la main de fer des Nazis de 1941 à 1944, on
s'attend d'un moment à l'autre à l'occupation russe, ce qui advient. En 1946,
Staline supprime d'autorité l'Église uniate (catholique) et la rattache aux
orthodoxes. L'évêque refuse de renier l'union avec le Saint-Siège, et se fait
l'infatigable défenseur des droits de l'Église catholique. Il s'oppose aux
expulsions de prêtres et à la confiscation des biens du clergé, ce que les
Rouges réalisent quand même par la force. Finalement les Soviétiques lui
proposent un marché: Ils cesseront leurs persécutions s'il entraîne ses fidèles
à rejeter le Vatican pour se rallier au Patriarcat orthodoxe de Moscou. Il
refuse de céder à leurs intimidations et encourage au contraire prêtres et
fidèles à rester fidèles à Rome. Son exemple contribue au maintien de la foi
dans son diocèse et fait de lui un symbole de la résistance. Étant donné qu'il
est difficile de trouver une raison même fictive à son arrestation, son
assassinat est alors projeté. A l'occasion d'une visite pastorale, il est
renversé volontairement dans un accident d'automobile. Grièvement blessé, il
est transporté à l'hôpital de Mukacevo. L'Évêque convalescent est empoisonné
par le général de la police d'État et ses agents spéciaux et meurt le
1er novembre 1947. Il savait que sa confession de la foi lui coûterait la
vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Émile KOVCH</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Emilian (Émile) Kovch
naît le 20 août 1884 à Kosmach près de Kosiv en Ukraine orientale. Son père est
un prêtre gréco-catholique de rite oriental. (Dans ce rite il y a des prêtres
mariés; le bienheureux Emilian le sera aussi.) Il étudie philosophie et
théologie à Lviv, puis à Rome au collège ukrainien et à l'Université
urbanienne. Ordonné en 1911, il exerce d'abord son ministère sacerdotal en
Galicie , puis en Bosnie (Yougoslavie) parmi les immigrés ukrainiens. En
1919, il devient aumônier de l'armée ukrainienne engagée contre les troupes
bolcheviques. De 1921 à 1941, il est curé à Peremychlyony, village de 5'000
habitants des environs de Lviv. C'est un prêtre plein de zèle et son apostolat
est dynamique. Sa maison connue comme "la maison où les anges volent sur
le toit" offre toujours un abri aux enfants pauvres et orphelins, bien
qu'il ait déjà lui-même six enfants. Au cours de la dure occupation allemande,
il se prodigue pour combattre l'anti-sémitisme, car son village est peuplé en
majorité de juifs. Il les aide et les baptise en masse sur leur demande pour
mettre leur vie à l'abri de la persécution, mais l'occupant interdit cela. Il
est arrêté en décembre 1942 et jeté en prison. De nombreuses personnalités,
dont le métropolite André Cheptytsky, alors à la tête de l'Église
gréco-catholique, font tout leur possible pour obtenir sa libération. Quant à
lui, il ne faiblit pas comme en témoigne cet extrait de son interrogatoire par
un officier de la Gestapo : "Est-ce que vous saviez qu'il était
interdit de baptiser les Juifs? ― Je n'en savais
rien. ― Et maintenant, vous le
savez ? ― Oui ― Est-ce que vous continuerez à les
baptiser ? ― Bien sûr."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En août 1943, il est
transféré dans un camp de concentration à Majdanek. Là il vit une expérience de
communion dans la souffrance qui lui fait écrire: "Hormis le ciel, c'est
l'unique endroit où je voudrais être. Ici nous sommes tous égaux: les Polonais,
les Juifs, les Ukrainiens, les Russes, les Lettoniens et les Estoniens. Je suis
le seul prêtre ici. Lorsque je célèbre la liturgie, ils prient tous. Chacun
dans sa langue. Mais est-ce que Dieu ne comprend pas toutes les langues? Ici,
je vois Dieu, Dieu est le même pour tous, en dépit des différences de religion
qui nous séparent." Il écrit aussi: "Priez pour ceux qui ont
construit ce camp et le système… Que le Seigneur prenne pitié d'eux." La
veille de sa mort il écrit encore aux siens qui faisaient des démarches pour le
libérer: "Je vous en prie, ne le faites pas. Hier ils ont tué 50 hommes.
Si je n'étais pas là, qui les aiderait à supporter de telles souffrances? Que
pourrais-je demander de plus au Seigneur? Ne vous inquiétez pas pour moi.
Réjouissez-vous avec moi…" Il meurt brûlé dans les fours crématoires le 25
mars 1944. En 1999, il a été reconnu comme un "Ukrainien juste" par
le Conseil des Juifs d'Ukraine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Josaphata HORDASHEVKA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Michaelina Hordashevska
naît en 1869 à Lviv en Ukraine occidentale dans une famille pauvre. A 18 ans,
elle fait une retraite avec le Père Jérémie Lomnytsky, qui devient son
directeur spirituel. La même année, elle entre au couvent dans un monastère de
Sœurs contemplatives de l'ordre basilien, appartenant à une congrégation
féminine de rite oriental, la seule existante dans le pays. En 1892, la
Congrégation décide de fonder un ordre de religieuses apostoliques. Elle en est
la cofondatrice avec le Père Kyrylo Seletsky: c'est la première congrégation
féminine de rite byzantin-ukrainien consacrée à l'apostolat actif. Elle est
élue pour en être la première Supérieure. Elle prend alors le nom de Josaphata.
La sainteté de la bienheureuse consiste à accomplir le devoir quotidien dans
l'amour de Dieu et du prochain. Elle entraîne ses jeunes sœurs à "servir
leur peuple là où le besoin se révèle le plus grand". En effet, à cette
époque, les gens en Ukraine sont pauvres et délaissés matériellement et
spirituellement. Le domaine de l'apostolat qui s'ouvre aux Sœurs est très
vaste: soin aux malades, écoles maternelles, catéchisme pour enfants et
adultes. Elles s'occupent d'églises à l'abandon et de vêtements liturgiques;
elles prennent une part active à la vie des paroisses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le développement de la
Congrégation est merveilleux: au bout de 10 ans, il y a déjà 23 maisons avec
123 Sœurs. Elles se rendent au Canada, en Croatie, au Brésil. (dernière
implantation en date: le Kazakhstan). En se remémorant chaque jour le Christ,
Sœur Josaphata trouve la force de supporter en paix de nombreux problèmes.
Atteinte d'un cancer des os qui la fait terriblement souffrir, elle meurt à 49
ans. Sa tombe se trouve à Rome dans la Maison Généralice.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">LE GROUPE DE MARTYRS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nicolas CHARNETSKY et 24
compagnons :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Nicolas CHARNETSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola (Nicolas)
Carneckyj (Charnetsky) naît le 14 décembre 1884 à Semakivtsi (district de
Horodenka - Ukraine occidentale). En 1903, il entre au séminaire de Stanislaviv
(aujourd'hui Ivano-Frankivsk). Durant les années 1903 à 1910, il étudie au
Collège ukrainien de Rome, obtenant un doctorat en Théologie. Ordonné prêtre en
1909, il enseigne au séminaire de Stanislaviv, où il est également Père
spirituel. En 1919, il entre dans la Congrégation des Missionnaires
Rédemptoristes à Zboiska, près de Lviv. En 1926, Pie XI, sur la requête du
Métropolite Andriy Sheptytsky, le nomme Visiteur Apostolique pour les
grecs-catholiques de Volyn et Polissia, où les structures de l'Église
grecque-catholique avaient été détruites par le régime tsariste du
19e siècle. En 1931, il est nommé Ordinaire des catholiques de rite
byzantin-slave en Pologne et reçoit l'ordination épiscopale le 8 février 1931 à
Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Durant la première
occupation bolchevique, le Métropolite Andriy le désigne comme Exarque
Apostolique de Volyn et Pidlassia. Le 11 avril 1945, il est arrêté à Lviv par
les agents du KGB, avec tous les Évêques grecs-catholiques. Condamné au début à
cinq ans de travaux forcés en Sibérie, il passe 11 ans dans les prisons. Il
subit des tortures et des humiliations permanentes, qu'il accepte et supporte
avec une patience et une sainteté héroïques, priant pour ses compagnons de
camp, pour lesquels il est un véritable bon pasteur. En 1956, il est libéré et
retourne à Lviv. Mais dans un état de santé grave. Il poursuit son ministère
épiscopal à Lviv: de son lit il dirige l'Église des catacombes. Il meurt à Lviv
le 2 avril 1959. Dès le début, les fidèles de Lviv le considèrent comme un
saint Évêque et un martyr de la foi catholique. Chaque jour, de nombreux
fidèles prient sur sa tombe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Grégoire KHOMYSHYN</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hryhorij (Grégoire)
(Khomyshyn naît le 25 mars 1867 à Hadynkivtsi dans la région de Ternopil. Après
ses études au séminaire et son ordination sacerdotale, le 18 novembre 1893, il
enrichit sa formation théologique en allant étudier à Vienne entre 1894 et
1899. En 1902, le métropolite Andrej Sheptytsky le nomme Recteur du séminaire
de Lviv. En 1904, il est nommé évêque de Stanislaviv (actuellement
Ivano-Frankivsk) et il reçoit l'ordination épiscopale du même métropolite dans
la cathédrale Saint Georges de Lviv. Il est arrêté une première fois en 1939
par le NKVD (KGB). Il est arrêté une seconde fois et déporté à Kiev. Il meurt
dans les prisons du NKVD le 17 janvier 1945.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Josaphat KOTSYLOVSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Josaphat Kocylovsky naît
le 3 mars 1876 au village de Pakoshivka dans la région de Lemko. En 1907 il
termine avec succès ses études de théologie à Rome et le 9 octobre de cette
année il est ordonné prêtre. Peu après, il est nommé vice-recteur et professeur
de théologie au séminaire grec-catholique de Stanislaviv (actuellement
Ivano-Frankivsk). Le 2 octobre 1911, il entre au noviciat de l'Ordre basilien
de Saint Josephat. Le 23 décembre 1917, il est ordonné évêque à Premeshyl
(Przemysl). En septembre 1945, les autorités polonaises communistes l'arrêtent
une première fois, puis le relâchent ; ils le reprennent en 1946 et le
livrent à l'Union Soviétique. Il meurt en martyr de la foi le 17 novembre 1947
à la prison de Kiev.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Symeon LUKACH</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Symeon Lukac (Lukach)
naît le 7 juillet 1893 à Starunya dans la région de Stanislaviv (aujourd'hui
Ivano-Frankivsk). Ses parents sont de simples villageois qui cultivent la
terre. En 1913 il entre au séminaire. Ses études sont interrompues pendant 2
ans par la première guerre mondiale, mais il les complète en 1919. La même
année, il est ordonné prêtre par le bienheureux évêque Grégoire Khomyshyn. Il
enseigne la théologie morale au séminaire d'Ivano-Fankivsk jusqu'en avril 1945,
où l'on se doute qu'il a été ordonné secrètement évêque par le même Mgr
Khomyshyn. Le 26 octobre 1949, il est arrêté par le NKVD. Il est libéré le 11
février 1955. Il vit et agit alors en évêque de l'Église clandestine. En
juillet 1962 il est arrêté une seconde fois et comparaît au tribunal avec le
Bienheureux Ivan Slezyuk qui est également évêque clandestin. En prison il
contracte la tuberculose, ce qui hâte sa fin, laquelle survient le 22 août
1964.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Basile VELYCHKOVSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vasyl (Basile)
Velycovskyj (Velychkovsky) naît le 1er juin 1903 à Stanislaviv (aujourd'hui
Ivano-Frankivsk). En 1920, il entre au séminaire grec-catholique de Lviv. Il
fait ses premiers vœux de religieux Rédemptoriste à Holosko près de Lviv en
1925 et est ordonné prêtre le 9 octobre 1925. Frère Basile est professeur et
missionnaire à Volyn. En 1942, il devient higoumène (Prieur) de son monastère
de Ternopil. C'est là qu'il est arrêté en 1945 et emmené à Kiev. Sa peine de
mort est commuée en 10 années de travaux forcés. Il retourne à Lviv en 1955. En
1963, il est ordonné secrètement archevêque à Moscou. En 1969, il est
emprisonné pour la seconde fois et condamné à une peine de 3 ans. Ce confesseur
de la foi, déjà proche de la mort est relâché et autorisé à se rendre à Rome,
puis à Winnipeg au Canada où il meurt moins d'un an plus tard, le 30 juin 1973.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Ivan SLEZYUK</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ivan Slezyuk naît le 14
janvier 1896 au village de Zhyvachiv dans la région de Stanislaviv (aujourd'hui
Ivano-Frankivsk). Il est ordonné prêtre en 1923. En avril 1945, le bienheureux
évêque Grégoire Khomyshyn l'ordonne comme coadjuteur avec droit de lui succéder
si lui-même était arrêté par les Bolcheviques. Peu après, le 2 juin 1945,
l'évêque Ivan est arrêté et déporté pour 10 ans dans le camp de travail de
Vorkuta en Russie (Nord de l'Oural). En 1950 il est transféré dans le camp de
travail de Mordovia, toujours en Russie. Il est libéré le 15 novembre 1954 et
revient à Ivano-Frankivsk. Il est arrêté pour la seconde fois en 1962 et condamné
à 5 ans de régime dur en prison. Il est relâché le 30 novembre 1968, mais il
est régulièrement convoqué au KGB pour des “conversations”. La dernière a lieu
2 semaines avant sa mort. Il meurt le 2 décembre 1973 à Ivano-Frankivsk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Mykyta BUDKA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykyta (Nicetas) Budka
naît le 7 juin 1877 à Dobromirka dans la région de Zbarazh. En 1905, après
avoir obtenu ses diplômes de théologie à Vienne et Innsbruck, il est ordonné
prêtre par le métropolite Andrej Sheptytsky. Le 14 octobre 1912, il est
consacré évêque à Lviv. La même année il est nommé par le Saint-Siège premier
Exarque apostolique (évêque) des Ukrainiens catholiques du Canada. En 1928, il
devient évêque auxiliaire de l'archevêque grec-catholique à Lviv. Le 11 avril
1945, le gouvernement communiste l'arrête et le condamne à 8 ans de prison. Il
meurt martyr le 1er octobre 1949 dans un camp de concentration à
Karaganda, au Kazakhstan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Grégoire LAKOTA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hryhory (Grégoire) Lakota
naît le 31 janvier 1883 au village de Holodivka dans la région de Lemko. Il
étudie la théologie à Lviv et il est ordonné prêtre en 1908 dans la ville de Przemysl.
Il obtient un doctorat en théologie à Vienne en 1911. En 1913, il devient
professeur au séminaire grec-catholique de Przemysl, puis en devient le
recteur. Le 16 mai 1926 il reçoit l'ordination épiscopale et il est nommé
évêque auxiliaire de Przemysl. Le 9 juin 1946 il est arrêté et emprisonné pour
10 ans à Vorkuta en Russie. Il meurt en martyr de la foi le 12 novembre 1950 au
village d'Abez près de Vorkuta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Leonid FEODOROV</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leonid (Léonide) Fëdorov
(Feodorov) naît le 4 novembre 1879 à Saint-Pétersbourg dans une famille
orthodoxe russe. En 1902 il quitte son séminaire orthodoxe et fait un voyage à
Rome où il devient catholique. Il étudie à Anonia, Rome et Fribourg. Le 25 mars
1911, il reçoit l'ordination sacerdotale dans le rite oriental en Bosnie. C'est
là qu'en 1913 il devient moine au monastère de Saint Théodore le Studite. Il
revient à Saint-Pétersbourg. Au bout d'un certain temps, il est arrêté et envoyé
en Sibérie. A sa libération, en 1917, il est nommé Exarque de l'Église
catholique russe de rite oriental. En 1923, il est arrêté une seconde fois.
Condamné à 10 ans de déportation, il est envoyé aux îles Solovky sur la Mer
Blanche et à Vladka. Il meurt en martyr de la foi le 7 mars 1935. En 1937, son
procès de béatification est entrepris avec l'appui du métropolite André
Sheptytsky.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Nicolas KONRAD</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola (Nicolas) Konrad
naît le 16 mai 1876 au village de Strusiv dans la région de Ternopil. Il fait
ses études philosophiques et théologiques à Rome. Il est ordonné prêtre en 1899
et obtient un doctorat. Il commence par enseigner dans des écoles supérieures à
Berezhany et à Terebovlia ; puis en 1930, le métropolite André Sheptytsky
l'invite à enseigner à l'Académie théologique de Lviv. Plus tard il lui confie
la paroisse du village de Stradch. Il est assassiné non loin de là par les
Bolcheviques avec le bienheureux Volodymyr Pryjma. Ils revenaient tous les deux
d'une visite à une paroissienne malade qui leur avait demandé les derniers
sacrements. C'était le 26 juin 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">André ISHCHAK</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Andrij (André) Išcak
(Ishchak) naît le 23 septembre 1887 à Mycolayix dans la région de Lviv. Il
complète ses études théologiques aux universités de Lviv et d'Innsbruck. En
1914 il obtient son doctorat en théologie à l'université d'Innsbruck et il reçoit
l'ordination sacerdotale. En 1928 il enseigne à l'université de Lviv tout en
étant curé du village de Sykhiv, près de Lviv. C'est là qu'il meurt en martyr
de la foi, par les mains des soldats de l'armée soviétique en retraite, le 26
juin 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Roman LYSKO</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Roman Lysko naît le 14
août 1914 à Horodok, près de Lviv. Diplômé de l'Académie théologique de Lviv,
il passe une jeunesse heureuse avec sa femme au service des jeunes. Le 28 août
1941, il est ordonné prêtre par le métropolite André Sheptytsky. Le 9 septembre
1949, il est arrêté par le NKVD et mis en prison à Lviv. Les gens racontent
qu'après avoir été torturé, le jeune Père chanta des psaumes de sa voix la plus
forte, et qu'ensuite, il fut emmuré vivant. La date officielle de sa mort est
le 14 octobre 1949.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Nicolas TSEHELSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola (Nicolas)
Cehelskyj (Tsehelsky) naît le 17 décembre 1896 au village de Strusiv près de
Ternopil. En 1923, il est diplômé du département de théologie de l'université
de Lviv et il est ordonné prêtre 2 ans plus tard, le 5 avril 1925, par le
métropolite André Sheptytsky. Chargé de la paroisse du village de Soroko, c'est
un prêtre zélé qui prend soin de la vie spirituelle, de l'éducation et du
bien-être de ses paroissiens. Il construit une nouvelle église. Après la
2e guerre mondiale commence une ère de répression totalitaire. Le Père
Nicolas fait personnellement l'expérience d'intimidations, de menaces et de
coups, avant d'être arrêté le 28 octobre 1946. Le 17 janvier 1947, il est
condamné à 10 ans de prison. Bien qu'il ait une femme, deux fils et deux
filles, il est déporté dans un camp de travaux forcés en Moravie. Il connaît
des conditions de vie effrayantes dans ce camp connu pour sa rigueur et sa
cruauté. Il endure de terribles souffrances et meurt le 25 mai 1951 en martyr
de la foi. On l'ensevelit au cimetière du camp.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Petro VERHUN</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Petro Verhun naît à
Horodok près de Lviv le 18 novembre 1890. Il est ordonné prêtre par le
métropolite André Sheptytsky dans la cathédrale Saint Georges à Lviv le 30
octobre 1927. Il est envoyé à Berlin pour s'occuper des grecs-catholiques de
cette ville et peu après il devient Visiteur Apostolique pour les catholiques
Ukrainiens d'Allemagne. En juin 1945, il est arrêté et envoyé en Sibérie. Il
meurt en martyr de la foi le 7 février 1957 au village d'Angarski dans le
territoire de Krasnoïarsk (Russie).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Oleksa ZARYTSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Oleska Zarytscky naît en
1912 au village de Bilche dans la région de Lviv. En 1931 il entre au séminaire
de Lviv et en 1936 il est ordonné prêtre par le métropolite André Sheptytsky.
En 1948 il est emprisonné pour 10 ans et déporté à Karaganda au Kazakhstan.
Après sa libération anticipée en 1957, il est nommé Administrateur Apostolique
du Kazakhstan et de Sibérie, mais peu de temps après il est de nouveau
emprisonné pour une peine de 3 ans. Il meurt en martyr de la foi le 30 octobre
1963 au camp de concentration de Dolynka près de Karaganda (Kazakhstan).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Clément SHEPTYTSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Klymentij (Clément)
Šeptyckyj (Sheptytsky), le plus jeune frère du métropolite André Sheptytsky,
naît le 17 novembre 1869 au village de Prylbychi dans la région de Lviv. En
1911, il entre au monastère de Saint Théodore le Studite, renonçant ainsi à une
carrière prometteuse dans le monde. (C'est son frère qui a implanté en Ukraine
le monachisme studite.) Il reçoit sa formation théologique à Innsbruck. Le 28
août 1915, il est ordonné prêtre. Pendant longtemps, il est higoumène (prieur)
du monastère Studite à Univ, et en 1944 il devient Archimandrite (Abbé). Durant
la 2e guerre mondiale il donne refuge à des Juifs persécutés. Le 5 juin
1947, il est arrêté par des agents du NKVD et condamné à 6 ans de travaux
forcés. Il meurt en martyr de la foi le 1er mai 1951 à la prison de
Vladimir (Nord-est de Moscou).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Severian BARANYK</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Severian Baranyk naît le
18 juillet 1889. Il entre le 24 septembre 1904 au monastère de Krekhiv de
l'Ordre de Saint Basile le Grand et fait ses vœux perpétuels le 21 septembre
1910. Le 14 février 1915 il est ordonné prêtre. En 1932 il devient higoumène
(prieur) du monastère basilien de Drohobych. Le 26 juin 1941, le NKVD
l'emprisonne. Ensuite personne ne le revoit vivant. Après le retrait des
Bolcheviques, le peuple, en faisant des recherches, retrouve son corps dans la
prison, torturé et mutilé.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Joachim SENKIVSKY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Jakym (Joachim) Senkivsky
naît le 2 mai 1896 au village de Haji Velyky près de Ternopil. Après avoir
accompli ses études théologiques à Lviv, il est ordonné prêtre le 4 décembre
1921. Il poursuit ses études à Innsbruck où il obtient un doctorat en
théologie. En 1923, il devient novice de l'ordre basilien à Krekhiv. Après ses
premiers vœux, il est transféré au village de Krasno Pushcha, puis à celui de
Lavriv. De 1931 à 1938, il occupe des fonctions variées au monastère de Saint
Onuphre, à Lviv. En 1939, il est nommé proto-higoumène (sous-prieur) au
monastère de Drohobych. C'est là qu'il est arrêté par les autorités communistes
le 26 juin 1941 et le 29 juin il meurt torturé à l'eau bouillante dans la
prison de Drohobych.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Zénon KOVALYK</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Zynovij (Zénon) Kovalyk
naît le 18 août 1903 au village d'Ivachev non loin de Ternopil. Il entre dans
la Congrégation des Rédemptoristes où il fait ses vœux le 28 août 1926. Il
complète sa formation philosophique et théologique en Belgique. Après son
retour en Ukraine, il est ordonné prêtre le 4 septembre 1932. Il est nommé à
Volyn. Le 21 décembre 1940 il est arrêté par le KGB à cause des sermons qu'il
prêchait au monastère des rédemptoristes de Lviv où l'on célébrait une neuvaine
en l'honneur de L'Immaculée Conception. En 1941 il est martyrisé par les
communistes qui le crucifient par dérision contre un mur, dans la prison de
Bryhidky (autrefois couvent de Brigittines) à Lviv.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Vital BAYRAK</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vitalij (Vital) Bajrak
(Bayrak) naît le 24 février 1907 au village de Shvaikiytsi dans la région de
Ternopil. Le 4 septembre 1924 il entre chez les Basiliens. Il est ordonné
prêtre le 13 août 1933. En 1941 il devient Higoumène (supérieur) du monastère
de Drohobych. Le 17 septembre 1945, le NKVD l'arrête. Le 13 novembre, ses biens
sont confisqués et il est condamné à 8 ans de travaux forcés. Juste avant
Pâques 1946, il meurt après avoir été sévèrement battu dans la prison de
Drohobych près de Lviv.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Ivan ZIATYK</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ivan (Jean) Ziatik naît
le 26 décembre 1899 dans le village d'Odrekhova (aujourd'hui en Pologne). Il
est ordonné prêtre en 1923. En 1944 durant l'occupation nazie, il est nommé
Higoumène du monastère de Ternopil. Lorsque le Père Provincial Josef de Vocht
est expulsé en Belgique(1948), le Père Ivan est nommé Provincial et Vicaire
général de l'Église grec-catholique. Il commence alors à être “connu” des
autorités. Il est arrêté par les communistes le 5 janvier 1950. Il séjourne
d'abord dans la prison de Zolochiv. Ensuite il est déporté en Russie à Ozerlag
(Irkoutsk). Il meurt à la suite de tortures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Tarsykia MATSKIV</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Olha Mackiv (Matskiv)
naît le 23 mars 1919 au village de Khodoriv dans la région de Lviv. Le 3 mars
1938, elle entre chez les Servantes de Marie-Immaculée. Elle y reçoit le nom de
Tarsykia et fait ses premiers vœux le 5 novembre 1940. Prieure de son couvent
lors de l'arrivée des communistes à Lviv, elle fait un vœu privé en présence de
son directeur spirituel, le Fr. Volodomyr Kovalyk osbm, stipulant qu'elle
voulait sacrifier sa vie pour la conversion de la Russie et le bien de l'Église
catholique. Les Bolcheviques étaient décidés à détruire le monastère. Dans la
matinée du 17 juillet 1944, à 8 h., on sonne à la porte : des soldats
russes investissent le couvent et Sœur Tarsykia est tuée par une balle.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Olympia BIDÀ</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Olha Bidà naît en 1903 au
village de Tsebliv dans la région de Lviv. Elle entre chez les Sœurs de Saint
Joseph et prend le nom d'Olympia. Elle sert dans de nombreuses villes ou
villages comme catéchiste. Elle est maîtresse des novices et prend soin des
personnes âgées et infirmes. Elle a un charisme spécial pour les jeunes et
s'occupe personnellement de l'éducation d'un grand nombre de jeunes femmes.
Nommée supérieure du couvent de la ville de Kheriv, elle fait de son mieux pour
discerner les besoins spirituels et sociaux de la population en dépit de la
pression exercée par les communistes pour entraver leur travail. En 1951 elle
est arrêtée avec deux autres religieuses, emprisonnée pendant un certain temps,
puis envoyée en exil dans la région de Tomsk en Sibérie. Soumise à de rudes
travaux forcés, Sœur Olympia essaie de remplir ses devoirs de supérieure auprès
de ses Sœurs, faisant venir des Sœurs isolées dans d'autres camps afin de prier
et de s'entraider ; mais peu de temps après son arrivée, elle succombe à
la maladie et meurt le 28 janvier 1952.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Laurentia HERASYMIV</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leukadia Herasymiv naît
le 31 décembre 1911 au village de Rudnyky dans la région de Lviv. En 1931, elle
entre chez les Sœurs de Saint-Joseph. Elle y reçoit le nom de Laurentia et fait
ses premiers vœux en 1933. En 1951, elle est arrêtée par des agents du KGB et
envoyée à Borislav, puis déportée à Tomsk en Sibérie. Bien qu'elle ait une très
faible santé, elle partage une chambre avec un paralytique atteint de
tuberculose dont personne ne voulait par crainte de la contagion. Tout en
supportant avec patience des conditions de vie inhumaines, elle continue à
prier intensément. Elle meurt le 28 août 1952 au village de Kharsk dans la
région de Tomsk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">Volodymyr PRYJMA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Volodymyr Pryjma naît le
17 juillet 1906 au village de Stradch dans la région de Yavoriv. Après avoir
obtenu son diplôme dans une école de chantre patronnée par le métropolite
Sheptytsky, il devient chantre et directeur de chœur à la paroisse de Stradch.
Le 26 juin 1941, alors qu'il revenait avec le bienheureux Père Nicolas Konrad
de visiter une paroissienne malade, ils sont, dans une forêt près du village,
torturés sans merci et mis à mort par des agents du NKVD.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il est le seul laïc parmi
les 32 Ukrainiens béatifiés par Jean Paul II à Lviv les 26 et 27 juin 2001.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/463460882666277218">http://nouvl.evangelisation.free.fr/martyrs_ukraine.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Romza_Russicum.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="783" data-original-width="370" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Romza_Russicum.jpg" width="151" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Икона
Федора Ромжи в церкви св. Антония<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Icona
di Fëdorov nella chiesa di Sant'Antonio presso il Russicum<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Blessed Leonid Feodorov</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Father Leontios<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leonid F’odorov<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/7-march">7 March</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/27-june">27 June</a> as
one of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/martyrs-killed-under-communist-regimes-in-eastern-europe">Martyrs
Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Russian Orthodox family
and upbringing. His <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-fathers">father</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">died</a> when
Leonid was very young, and he was raised by his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a>,
Liubova Dimitrievna. He started his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-students">studies</a> in
the Orthodox <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-seminarians">seminary</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1901">1901</a>,
but in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1902">1902</a> he
left, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-travellers">travelled</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>,
and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-converts">converted</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/catholic-church">Catholicism</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-students">Studied</a> at
Anagni and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>,
and the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-freiburg-baden-wurttemberg-germany">Freiburg</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-germany">Germany</a>.
Assisted at the coronation of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/pope-saint-pius-x">Pius
X</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/9-august">9 August</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1903">1903</a>.
Doctorate in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-philosophers">philosophy</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1905">1905</a>;
degree in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-theologians">theology</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1907">1907</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-deacons">Deacon</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/22-march">22 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1911">1911</a>,
and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-priests">ordained</a> a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/ukrainian-greek-catholic-church">Greek
Catholic</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-priests">priest</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/25-march">25 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1911">1911</a> in
Bosnia. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-monks">Monk</a> at
the Studite <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/monastery">monastery</a> in
Bosnia, beginning his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/novice">noviate</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/20-may">20 May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1912">1912</a> and
admitted to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/religious-habit">habit</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/12-february">12
February</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1913">1913</a>,
taking the name <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Leontios.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He returned to Saint
Petersburg and was immediately <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-prisoners">arrested</a> for
his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/catholic-church">faith</a>,
and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-exiles">sent</a> to
Siberia. Released in March <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1917">1917</a> during
an amnesty for political and religious <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-prisoners">prisoners</a>,
he returned to Saint Petersburg, and was appointed Exarch of the Russian Greek
Catholic Church. The <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-people-who-fight-communism">Communist</a> takeover
later that year began a period of persecution of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/christianity">faith</a> and
the faithful, with <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1922">1922</a> ushering
in the era of violent suppression of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/christianity">Christianity</a>.
All churches were ordered closed on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/5-december">5
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1922">1922</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Leontios
and fourteen <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-priests">priests</a> were <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-prisoners">arrested</a> for
their <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/christianity">faith</a> in
January <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1923">1923</a>,
sent to Moscow for trial; sentenced to ten years <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-exiles">exile</a> to
Solovky and Vladka.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Released in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1926">1926</a>,
he relocated to Kaluga. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-prisoners">Arrested</a> again
for <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-evangelists">spreading</a> the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/christianity">faith</a>,
he was sentenced to ten years in Solovetsky where a large <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/monastery">monastery</a> had
been converted to a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-prisons">prison</a>.
There he continued to minister to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/christianity">faithful</a>,
conducting covert <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/mass">Masses</a>,
using wine made from raisins sent by the families of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-prisoners">prisoners</a>.
Transferred to forced labour camp at Pinega on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/6-august">6 August</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1929">1929</a> where
he was billeted with an imprisoned Orthodox <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-priests">priest</a>;
after work, Leontios <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-catechists">conducted</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/catechism">catechism</a> class
for local <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-boys">boys</a>.
Transferred to Arkhangelsk, to Kotlas, and to Poltava. The poor conditions and
steady overwork <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-sick-people">broke
his health</a>, and in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1932">1932</a> he
was certified as an invalid. He completed his sentence in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1933">1933</a>,
but was barred from returing to many <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-russia">Russian</a> cities,
and had to live in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-exiles">exile</a> the
rest of his life. One of the Martyrs Under Communism in Eastern Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/4-november">4
November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1879">1879</a> at
Saint Petersburg, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-russia">Russia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/7-march">7 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-1935">1935</a> of
“natural causes”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-gravediggers">buried</a> at
Kirov, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-russia">Russia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/24-april">24 April</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-2001">2001</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> (decree of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-martyrs">martyrdom</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/27-june">27 June</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-2001">2001</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/patrons-of-ukraine">Ukraine</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/East01.htm" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Feodorov" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leonid_Feodorov" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/mykola-carneckyj-e-24-compagni.html" target="_blank">Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92946" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Ivanovi%C4%8D_F%C3%ABdorov" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>nettsteder
i norsk</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/lfedorov" target="_blank">Den
katolske kirke</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Readings</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">O Merciful Lord Jesus,
Our Saviour, hear the prayers and petitions of Your unworthy sinful servants
who humbly call upon You and make us all to be one in Your one, holy, catholic,
and apostolic Church. Flood our souls with Your unquenchable light. Put an end
to religious disagreements, and grant that we Your disciples and Your beloved
children may all worship You with a single heart and voice. Fulfill quickly, O
grace-giving Lord, your promise that there shall be one flock and one Divine
Shepherd of Your Church; and may we be made worthy to glorify Your Holy Name
now and ever and unto the ages of ages. Amen. – prayer for unity by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/blessed">Blessed</a> Leonid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Leonid
Feodorov“. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 July 2023. Web. 7 March 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-leonid-feodorov/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>FEODOROV, LEONID</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Exarch; b. <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/st-petersburg">St.
Petersburg</a>, Russia, Nov. 4, 1879; d. Vyatka (or Kirov), Russia, March 7,
1935. Feodorov studied for the priesthood in <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/st-petersburg">St.
Petersburg</a> at the Orthodox Ecclesiastical Academy, then under the
influence of solov'ev, but in 1902 he journeyed to Italy to enter the Catholic
Church. On his way, he visited in Lvov Metropolitan Andrĭi sheptyts'kyĬ, under
whose guidance he remained all his life. While studying in Rome, he defended
the rights of the Ukrainian Rite Catholics in the U.S. In 1911 he was ordained
in Constantinople by the Bulgarian Archbishop Mirov, and then entered the Studite
monastery of Kamenitza in Bosnia. He took an active part in the conferences in
Velegrad concerning reunion. In 1914 he returned to St. Petersburg, but was
deported to Tobolsk by the Russian police.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1917 he was named
exarch of the Russian Catholics of the Russian Rite by Metropolitan Sheptyts’kyĭ. <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/roman-catholic-popes-and-antipopes/benedict-xv">Benedict
XV</a> confirmed his nomination and created him prothonotary apostolic
(1921). Feodorov then organized the first Russian Catholic communities of this
rite. In 1923 he was tried in Moscow with 15 other Catholics for defending the
Church's rights and was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, but he was
released in April of 1926. Two months later he was rearrested and sent to the Solovki
Islands where he organized a secret liturgical life for the prisoners. He was
transferred to Pinega (1929), to Kotlas (1931), and finally to Vyatka (1934).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Unlike the Latin rite
clergy in Russia, Feodorov maintained that Russian converts to Catholicism
should embrace the Russian rite. He also advocated that this rite be preserved
in its purity, unaffected by Latin influence. Before his arrest and while in
prison, Feodorov established fraternal contacts with the Orthodox clergy and
with Patriarch tikhon. He used to call his communities of Russian Catholics
prototypes of the corporate reunion that would take place some day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibliography: P. A.
Mailleux, <i>Exarch Leonid Feodorov, Bridgebuilder between Rome and Moscow</i> (<a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/new-york">New
York</a> 1964).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[P. A. Mailleux]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/feodorov-leonid">https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/feodorov-leonid</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">MARCH 07, 2015 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Leonid Feodorov -
Martyr <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Leonid Feodorov,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pray for us !<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint of the Day : March
7<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Other Names :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• Father Leontios •
Leonid F'odorov<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Memorial :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• 27 June as one of the
Martyrs Killed Under Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• 4 November 1879 at
Saint Petersburg, Russia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Died :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• 7 March 1935 •
Buried at Kirov, Russia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Russia is a land of
melancholy poets and writers, where the dark and wintry nights lay bear the
souls loneliness and lights the flame of some of Russia's greatest writers and
artisans.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In a landscape as harsh
as Russia, the people have learnt over generations to be stoic of heart and
long suffering by nature. For at the core of Russia lay its people and their
struggle to overcome poverty, persecution and war.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Russian people are
not known for their timidity, but for their fierceness, for to live well in
Russia one had to learn to survive at a very young age or perish. It is a land
of contrasts, where Palaces live alongside hovels and nature alongside polluted
factories, a land of revolutions and times of peace. But in the end Russia is
about survivors.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Into this harsh landscape
was born Leonid Feodorov in the year 1879 at Saint Petersburg. Unfortunately
for the young Leonid his father died while he was young and it was left to his
forceful mother, Liubova to raise him. She did so with every means available to
her, in that she longed for her son to gain the education needed to get on in
life and not live a life of mere existence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Towards this end Liubova
sent her son to the Orthodox Ecclesiastical Academy where he stayed for a
couple of years. But it was at this school that he began to question his
Orthodox Faith and as the questions mounted in his heart, so he leaned more and
more towards Catholicism.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During this time Leonid
began attending services at Saint Catherine’s Catholic Church, and so began a
friendship with the Priest of this parish, Fr. Jan Szyslawski, who knowing of
Leonid’s confusion was able to lend him books from the parish library.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So during the long wintry
nights Leonid would stay up late and read these books on the Catholic faith,
its teachings and its Traditions. But the more Leonid learnt the more
dissatisfied he became with Orthodox teachings. These were perplexing times for
the young Leonid as questions soon became resolutions as to which way God was
calling him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Upon talking to the
Rector of his school, Leonid decided to visit Rome and on the way stayed at
L'viv with his friend Andrew Sheptystsky, before continuing his journey, both
physically and spiritually.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was in 1902 that
Leonid made his decision to convert to the Catholic Faith, where he was
presented to Pope Leo III and entered the Pontifical College at Anagni. He
struggled at first to master both Italian and Latin but with his usual tenacity
it didn’t take Leonid long to be fluent in both languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Great things began to
happen in Leonid’s life as he attended the coronation of Saint Pius X and when
in 1905 he gained his Doctorate in Philosophy and a Bachelor of Theology. In
gaining these degrees the next step would be the Priesthood but before taking
this step Leonid first became a Deacon where he was ordained by Bishop Michael
Mirov of Constantinople. Leonid was then ordained a Priest a few weeks later by
the same Bishop.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Though Leonid had proved
himself to be of vast intellect it was the monastic life which he felt
compelled to follow and so Fr. Leonid entered a Monastic Order in Bosnia under
the guidance of the starets, Elder Josaphat. And it was Fr. Josaphat that gave
Leonid his tonsure and little habit, where upon Leonid took the name Father
Leontios.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But politics was never
far away and the Serbian people were very much opposed to having a Catholic
monastery in their midst and so in the year 1913, the little monastery was
closed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So in 1913 as the
political situation destabilised in Serbia Fr. Leonid decided to return to his
homeland, Russia where he could then embark on evangelising the people. But
fate was not to be kind to Fr. Leonid who's faith would soon be tempered in
steel. For upon arriving in St. Petersburg he was arrested and sent to Tobolsk
a very inhospitable land in the Ural Mountains, where he spent the next 3
years.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But things did not
quieten down as rumours of revolution swirled around the courts of Imperial
Russia. So in haste Leonid was proclaimed a Bishop of the Russian Catholic
Church, this was done in secrecy as even the Royal Czar was opposed to a
Catholic 'presence'.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was during this time
that Exarch Leonid remembered a prophetic statement he had made when he was at Anagni,
"Russia will not repent without travelling the Red Sea of the blood of her
martyrs and numerous sufferings of her apostles." How true his words would
be, much to his and his people's sorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And so it was that the
red terror would launch itself upon the world in the form of its leader Lenin a
name synonymous with evil. And under the Communist regime the persecution of
the Church began, for Lenin understood that the greatest threat to his power
would come from the Catholic Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And so the order went out
to arrest Catholic Priests, Monsignors and Bishops among which was Bishop
Leonid Feodorov. During the bogus trial Bishop Leonid was sentenced to 10 years
in prison in Siberia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">These were hard and
difficult years for Bishop Leonid, in such an unforgiving terrain as Siberia,
but through it all his Faith sustained him and his prayer life strengthened him
for the rigours which lay ahead of him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop Leonid would find
himself released and upon practicing his Faith he would then be re-arrested but
his Faith in God was tempered in steel and the communists could never break
this heart forged in the love of God and the Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For nothing would stand
in the way of this indomitable Bishop as he secretly held Mass and gave
Catechism classes to the youth and those who wished to learn about the Catholic
Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Through it all,
confusion, decision, peace, war, revolution and persecution. Bishop Leonid’s
Faith remained intact if not strengthened by his ordeals.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop Leonid Feodorov
died in 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Leonid Feodorov
was beatified in 2001 by Pope John Paul II.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://saintscatholic.blogspot.com/2015/03/blessed-leonid-feodorov.html">https://saintscatholic.blogspot.com/2015/03/blessed-leonid-feodorov.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint of the Day – 7
March – Blessed Leonid Feodorov (1879-1935) Martyr</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Posted on <a href="https://anastpaul.com/2019/03/07/saint-of-the-day-7-march-blessed-leonid-feodorov-1879-1935-martyr/">March
7, 2019</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint of the Day – 7
March – Blessed Leonid Feodorov (1879-1935) Priest, Martyr, Monk, Exarch of the
Russian Greek Catholic Church of the See of Peter, Philosopher.
Born as Leonid Ivanovich Feodorov on 4 November 1879 at Saint
Petersburg, Russia and died on 7 March 1935 of “natural causes”.
His body is buried at Kirov, Russia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Feodorov was born in
Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 4 November 1879, into a Russian Orthodox
family. His father, Ivan, was a moderately successful restaurant
owner and the son of a serf. His mother, Lyuba Feodorov, a woman of
Greek descent, raised him as a single mother after his father’s early
death. Although she attempted to raise her son as a devout member
of the Russian Orthodox Church, she simultaneously encouraged him to read the
popular novelists of the day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He later recalled, “So
I began to devour the best known French novelists of the day, Zola, Hugo,
Maupassant and Dumas. I became acquainted with the Italian
Renaissance and its corrupt literature, Boccaccio and Ariosto. My
head came to be like a sewer into which the foulest muck was emptied.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After his graduation from
the Second Imperial Gymnasium in 1901, he enrolled in the Orthodox
Ecclesiastical Academy in order to study for the priesthood in the Russian
Orthodox Church. After much soul-searching, he left the academy in
the summer of 1902 and travelled to Rome by way of Austrian-ruled Lviv, where
Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church blessed
his mission.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 31 July 1902, Feodorov
was formally received into the Catholic Church at the Church of the Gesù in
Rome. In the aftermath, he began studying at the Jesuit seminary at
Anagni under the pseudonym of “Leonidas Pierre,” which was meant to
keep the Tsar’s secret police, or Okhrana, off his trail.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Although Leonid had
originally promised to adopt the Latin Rite, while studying in the Jesuit
seminary at Anagni, he came to believe that it was his duty to remain faithful
to the liturgy and customs of the Christian East. With the full
permission and encouragement of Pope Pius X, Leonid transferred to the Russian
Byzantine Catholic Church. As a result of his decision, Leonid was
disowned by his former Jesuit mentor and afterwards depended for his finances
on Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky of Lviv.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 25 March 1911, he
received ordination in Bosnia as a Byzantine rite priest. He spent
the following years as a monk in Bosnia and Ukraine and was tonsured with
monastic name ‘Leontiy’ on 12 March 1913.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On the eve of the First
World War, he returned to Saint Petersburg whereupon he was immediately exiled
to Tobolsk in Siberia as a potential threat to the Tsar’s government which held
Russian Orthodoxy as its state religion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After the February
Revolution, the Provisional Government ordered the release of all political
prisoners. Pope Benedict XV named him Exarch of Russian Catholics
of Byzantine rite. A three-day Synod of the Russian Byzantine
Catholic Church opened in Saint Petersburg under the leadership of Metropolitan
Andrey.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Open persecution of
religion began in 1922. The clergy were forbidden to preach
religion to anyone under eighteen years of age. Then, all sacred
objects were ordered to be seized for “famine relief” and lay councils were
installed in each parish with the intention of making the priest a mere
employee. When both the Exarch Leonid and the Latin Rite Archbishop
Jan Cieplak refused to permit this, all Catholic parishes were forcibly closed
by the State.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the spring of 1923,
Exarch Leonid, Archbishop Cieplak, Monsignor Konstanty Budkiewicz and fourteen
other Catholic priests and one layman were summoned to Moscow trial before the
revolutionary tribunal for counter-revolutionary activities. The
international uproar which followed the trial gave the Soviet government pause,
however. Leonid was sentenced to prison but serving the first three
years of his sentence in Moscow’s Butyrka prison, he was transported to
enforced labour in Siberia – the Gulag in the White Sea.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There, in a former
monastery, now a prison, Blessed Leonid was a pioneer of ecumenism together
with the Orthodox with whom he shared the harsh captivity. In
Solovki, Roman Catholic Mass was offered in a chapel which had been restored
for the purpose with the permission of the guards. Exarch Leonid
would offer the Divine Liturgy of the Russian Byzantine Catholic Church every
other Sunday. When the camp authorities cracked down on this in
1929, the Masses continued in secret.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 6 August 1929, Exarch
Leonid was released to the town of Pinega and put to work making
charcoal. After continuing, against all odds, to teach the
Catechism to young boys, he was transferred to the village of Poltava, 15 km
from Kotlas, where he completed his sentence in 1932. He chose to
reside in Kirov, Kirov Oblast, where, worn out by the rigours of his
imprisonment, he died on 7 March 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 27 June 2001, Exarch
Leonid Feodorov was Beatified by Pope John Paul II. He remains
deeply venerated among Russian Greek Catholics and by the Eastern Catholic
Church. He is regarded as a Martyr Killed Under Communist
Regimes in Eastern Europe and is included in an additional memorial
commemorating all of them on 29 June.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Author: <a href="https://anastpaul.com/author/anastpaul/">AnaStpaul</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Passionate Catholic.
Being a Catholic is a way of life - a love affair "Religion must be like
the air we breathe..."- St John Bosco Prayer is what the world needs
combined with the example of our lives which testify to the Light of Christ.
This site, which is now using the Traditional Calendar, will mainly concentrate
on Daily Prayers, Novenas and the Memorials and Feast Days of our friends in
Heaven, the Saints who went before us and the great blessings the Church
provides in our Catholic Monthly Devotions. This Site is placed under the Patronage
of my many favourite Saints and especially, St Paul. "For the Saints are
sent to us by God as so many sermons. We do not use them, it is they who move
us and lead us, to where we had not expected to go.” Charles Cardinal Journet
(1891-1975) This site adheres to the Catholic Church and all her teachings.
PLEASE ADVISE ME OF ANY GLARING TYPOS etc - In June 2021 I lost 95% sight in my
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here will be abundantly blessed. Pax et bonum! <a href="https://anastpaul.com/author/anastpaul/">VIEW ALL POSTS</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://anastpaul.com/2019/03/07/saint-of-the-day-7-march-blessed-leonid-feodorov-1879-1935-martyr/">https://anastpaul.com/2019/03/07/saint-of-the-day-7-march-blessed-leonid-feodorov-1879-1935-martyr/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Leonid Feodorov</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Birth: 1879<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Death: 1935<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Beatified By: June 27,
2001, Ukraine by Pope John Paul II<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Leonid Ivanovich
Feodorov (Russian: Леонид Иванович Фёдоров; 1879–1935) was Exarch of
the Russian Catholic Church, in addition to being a survivor of the GULAG.
After painstaking investigation, he was beatified by Pope John Paul II on June
27, 2001.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">More about Bl. Leonid
Feodorov from Wikipedia</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Early life</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Feodorov was born in
Saint Petersburg, Russia on November 4, 1879 into a Russian Orthodox family.
His father, Ivan, was a moderately successful restaurant owner and the son of a
serf. His mother, Lyuba Feodorov, a woman of Greek descent, raised him as a
single mother after his father’s early death. Although she attempted to raise
her son as a devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church, she simultaneously
encouraged him to read the popular novelists of the day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He later recalled,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“So I began to devour the
best known French novelists of the day, Zola, Hugo, Maupassant, and Dumas. I
became acquainted with the Italian Renaissance and its corrupt literature,
Boccaccio and Ariosto. My head came to be like a sewer into which the foulest
muck was emptied.”[1]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After his graduation from
the Second Imperial Gymnasium in 1901, he enrolled in the Orthodox
Ecclesiastical Academy in order to study for the priesthood in the Russian
Orthodox Church. After much soul-searching, he left the academy in the summer
of 1902 in order to embrace Catholicism. He traveled to the Vatican by way of
Austrian-ruled Lviv, where Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky of the Ukrainian
Greek Catholic Church blessed his mission.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Conversion and ordination</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On July 31, 1902,
Feodorov was formally received into the Catholic Church at the Church of the
Gesù in Rome. In the aftermath, he began studying at the Jesuit seminary at
Anagni under the pseudonym of “Leonidas Pierre,” which was meant to keep the
Tsar’s secret police, or Okhrana, off his trail.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Although Leonid had
originally promised to adopt the Latin Rite, while studying in the Jesuit
seminary at Anagni, Leonid came to believe that it was his duty to remain
faithful to the liturgy and customs of the Christian East. With the full
permission and encouragement of Pope St. Pius X, Leonid transferred to the
Russian Catholic Church. As a result of his decision, Leonid was disowned by
his former Jesuit mentor and afterwards depended for his finances on
Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky of Lviv.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After years of playing a
cat-and-mouse-game with the Okhrana, Leonid was ordained a priest at
Constantinople by Bishop Mikhail Mirov of the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church
on March 25, 1911. He spent the following years as a Studite hieromonk in
Bosnia and Ukraine and was tonsured with monastic name ‘Leontiy’ on March 12,
1913.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Return to Russia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On the eve of the First
World War, he returned to Saint Petersburg whereupon he was immediately exiled
to Tobolsk in Siberia as a potential threat to the Tsar’s government which held
Russian Orthodoxy as its state religion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After the February
Revolution, the Provisional Government ordered the release of all political
prisoners. A three-day Synod of the Russian Catholic Church opened in Saint
Petersburg under the leadership of Metropolitan Andrey. The Metropolitan
appointed the Hieromonk Leonid (Feodorov)’ as Exarch of the Russian Catholic
Church. Rumors have circulated since then that Metropolitan Andrey also
secretly consecrated Hieromonk Leonid as a bishop. As if to confirm the rumors,
a photograph survives of Exarch Leonid dressed in the vestments of a bishop.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Cieplak Trial</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Open persecution of
religion began in 1922. The clergy were forbidden to preach religion to anyone
under eighteen years of age. Then, all sacred objects were ordered to be seized
for “famine relief” and lay councils called dvatsatkii were installed
in each parish by the GPU with the intention of making the priest a mere
employee. When both the Exarch Leonid and the Latin Rite Archbishop Jan Cieplak
refused to permit this, all Catholic parishes were forcibly closed by the
State.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the spring of 1923,
Exarch Leonid, Archbishop Cieplak, Monsignor Konstanty Budkiewicz, and fourteen
other Catholic priests and one layman were summoned to Moscow trial before the
revolutionary tribunal for counter-revolutionary activities.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">According to Father
Christopher L. Zugger,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“The Bolsheviks had
already orchestrated several ‘show trials.’ The Cheka had staged the ‘Trial of
the St. Petersburg Combat Organization’; its successor, the new GPU, the ‘Trial
of the Socialist Revolutionaries.’ In these and other such farces, defendants
were inevitably sentenced to death or to long prison terms in the north. The
Cieplak show trial is a prime example of Bolshevik revolutionary justice at
this time. Normal judicial procedures did not restrict revolutionary tribunals
at all; in fact, the prosecutor N.V. Krylenko, stated that the courts could
trample upon the rights of classes other than the proletariat. Appeals from the
courts went not to a higher court, but to political committees. Western
observers found the setting — the grand ballroom of a former Noblemen’s Club,
with painted cherubs on the ceiling — singularly inappropriate for such a
solemn event. Neither judges nor prosecutors were required to have a legal
background, only a proper ‘revolutionary’ one. That the prominent ‘No Smoking’
signs were ignored by the judges themselves did not bode well for
legalities.” [2]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">New York Herald
correspondent Francis McCullagh, who was present at the trial, later described
its fourth day as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Krylenko, who began to
speak at 6:10 PM, was moderate enough at first, but quickly launched into an
attack on religion in general and the Catholic Church in particular. “The
Catholic Church”, he declared, “has always exploited the working classes.” When
he demanded the Archbishop’s death, he said, “All the Jesuitical duplicity with
which you have defended yourself will not save you from the death penalty. No
Pope in the Vatican can save you now.” …As the long oration proceeded, the Red
Procurator worked himself into a fury of anti-religious hatred. “Your
religion”, he yelled, “I spit on it, as I do on all religions, — on Orthodox,
Jewish, Mohammedan, and the rest.” “There is no law here but Soviet Law,” he
yelled at another stage, “and by that law you must die.”[3]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Unlike the other
defendants, Exarch Leonid insisted on acting as his own attorney, which led to
some of the most dramatic moments of the trial. According to Father Zugger,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Dressed in the
traditional Russian black cassock, with his long hair a beard often described
as ‘Christ-like’, Feodorov was a man of the narod, of the ordinary Russian
people for whom the Revolution had been fought. His presence put the lie to the
usual description of Catholicism as ‘the Polish religion.’ His presentation — a
moving testimony of Russian spirituality and the history of the Church in that
country — evoked the best of Russian Christendom. He pointed out that
Greek-Catholics greeted the Revolution with joy, for only then did they have
equality. There was no secret organization, they had simply followed Church
law. Religious education, the celebration of Mass, and the administration of
the Sacraments of marriage and baptism had to be fulfilled. He pointed out that
the Church, accused of having neglected the starving, was at that moment
feeding 120,000 children daily. Following a scathing rebuttal by Krylenko,
Exarch Feodorov rose for his final remarks: “Our hearts are full, not of
hatred, but of sadness. You cannot understand us, we are not allowed liberty of
conscience. That is the only conclusion we can draw from what we have heard here.”[4]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With the verdict and
sentences already decided upon in advance, Archbishop Cieplak and Monsignor
Budkiewicz were both sentenced to death. Exarch Leonid and all the other
defendants were sentenced to the term of ten years in Solovki prison camp.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The GULAG</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The international uproar
which followed the trial gave the Soviet government pause, however. After
serving the first three years of his sentence in Moscow’s Butyrka prison,
Exarch Leonid was transported to Solovki prison camp, located in a former island
monastery in the White Sea.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Solovki, Roman
Catholic Mass was offered in a chapel which had been restored for the purpose
with the permission of the guards. Exarch Leonid would offer the Divine Liturgy
of the Russian Catholic Church every other Sunday. When the camp authorities
cracked down on this in 1929, the Masses continued in secret.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Release and death</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On August 6, 1929, Exarch
Leonid was released to the town of Pinega in the Arkhangelsk Oblast and put to
work making charcoal. After continuing to teach the Catechism to young boys, he
was transferred to the village of Poltava, Ukraine, where he completed his
sentence in 1932. He chose to reside in Viatka, where, worn out by the rigours
of his imprisonment, he died on March 7, 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Legacy</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On June 27, 2001 Exarch
Leonid Feodorov was beatified by Pope John Paul II. He remains deeply venerated
among Russian Catholics.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">See also<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>References</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fr. Paul Mailleux,
S.J., <i>Exarch Leonid Feodorov: Bridgbuilder between Rome and Moscow</i>, 1964.
Pages 8-9.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Father Christopher
Lawrence Zugger, “<i>The Forgotten: Catholics in the Soviet Empire from Lenin
through Stalin</i>,” University of Syracuse Press, 2001. Page 186.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Captain Francis
McCullagh, <i>The Bolshevik Persecution of Christianity</i>, E.P. Dutton and
Company, 1924. Page 221.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://icshrine.org/new-martyrs-of-ukrainian-church/bl-leonid-feodorov/">https://icshrine.org/new-martyrs-of-ukrainian-church/bl-leonid-feodorov/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Holy Man of Russia:
Blessed Leonid Feodorov<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> MAR 21, 2018 <a href="https://catholicism.org/author/sistermarymonicamicmtert" title="View all posts by Eleonore Villarrubia">ELEONORE VILLARRUBIA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://store.catholicism.org/blessed-leonid-feodorov.html" target="_blank"><b>Blessed
Leonid Feodorov, First Exarch of the Russian Catholic Church; Bridgebuilder
Between Rome and Moscow, by Paul Mailleux, S.J.</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A Review by Eleonore
Villarrubia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Do you know the meaning
of the title “Exarch?” I did not until I read this excellent and moving account
of the holy life of Blessed Exarch Leonid Feodorov, a Russian Orthodox-turned-
Catholic whose short and difficult life was lived at the beginnings of the
God-hating Soviet Union and the ensuing bitter Gulag years when all of this
huge nation became an enormous prison camp. In the vast prison system of this
cruel regime the prisoners were not merely common criminals, they were priests,
nuns, religious persons of all stripes, even rabbis, Muslims and lay believers
who clung to their “superstitions” against the directives of Communist law.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leonid was born to humble
beginnings, his grandfather having been a serf of the Czar, Alexander III. When
this reform-minded ruler liberated his serfs, Leonid’s grandfather, Theodore,
and his father, John, settled in the St. Petersburg area and opened a small
restaurant. Leonid’s mother was of Greek extraction and worked very hard to
educate her only child in the classics. She knew that he was a very bright and
sensitive boy and saw a good education as his only way out of a rigid system.
He attended the Gymnasium (the Russian high school) where he acquired a
reputation as an idealist. He was somewhat stand-offish because he refused to
engage in the debaucheries of his fellow students. He was well-read at a very
young age and knew that he had a vocation as a priest or a monk — of the
Russian Orthodox Church, of course.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To better understand the
peculiar situation of Catholicism in Russia at the time, one must go back to
the original schism of the Orthodox and the Latins. When the Emperor
Constantine legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire of the fourth century,
there eventually came about a distinctive difference between the civil
governments of the area and the religious government of the Church under the
Pope. As the Western Empire broke up into the various states, the independence
of the Western Catholic Church was zealously defended by the successors of
Saint Peter, making him the supreme arbiter of all things spiritual.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Because the Empire became
so large, Constantine founded a second capital in Byzantium, Constantinople.
The head of the Church was also the head of the Eastern Empire, a situation
which endured until 1453. There was no distinction between spiritual and
political rulers. This philosophy carried over into the Russian Christian areas
where the ONLY approved Church was the Russian Orthodox. Here the Divine
Liturgy was prayed in Russian and no citizen who was of that persuasion could
convert to any other religion without grave consequences. For example, if a
Russian subject became a member of the Roman Catholic Church, his property
would be confiscated and the priest who welcomed him into the fold would be
deported to Siberia, leaving his own Latin congregation without their priest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During the lifetime of
our subject, Blessed Leonid, most of the Latin Catholics living in Russia were
foreigners, or descendants of foreigners, mainly Polish. There was great
animosity between the Latin Poles and the Russian Orthodox. Many of the Poles
or their ancestors had been displaced from their homeland by Russian conquests;
so there was that resentment. The Russians, for their part resented the
presence in their midst of the Latin “enemies” of the Eastern Church. They had
not forgotten the tragic and terrible sack of Constantinople by invading
Crusaders in 1204. These supposed soldiers of Christ invaded the holy Church of
Santa Sophia, the seat of Saint John Chrysostom, placed a Latin Patriarch there
and went on to create great havoc and destruction in the Rome of the East by
their brutish behavior.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In turn, Latin Christians
remembered the equally brutal massacre of Latin Catholics by the Easterns in
Constantinople in 1182. Many considered the occurrences of 1204 in the Fourth
Crusade payback for that incident. In short, it was a very complex and long-standing
animosity that had been smoldering for centuries. And by some accounts, still
exists to this day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After the Turks invaded
and captured Constantinople in 1453, the Christian Empire of the East moved to
Moscow, which then became the “Third Rome.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Leonid Seeks Catholicism</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was generally
well-known by his teachers in the gymnasium, and then the seminary, that Leonid
had Catholic leanings. He had read the Fathers of the Church and believed in
the primacy of the Pope. His greatest desire and wish was to have a genuinely
Catholic Russian Church which celebrated the liturgy in the Eastern style and
not in Latin. Of course, the ultimate goal of the Russian Catholics was to
reunite the Orthodox Church with Rome and end the long-standing schism. To
achieve the immediate goal — getting ordained a Catholic priest — he knew that
he would have to leave his homeland and seek ordination in a foreign country.
It also meant that he would have to leave his beloved mother who had worked so
hard for his education. He had the blessing of a few of his teachers to do
this. He had also found a small network of other Russians who shared his
beliefs and worked tirelessly for the same goal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">One of his Latin Rite
contacts in Russia was the good Polish priest, Father Stislavsky, pastor of
Saint Catherine’s Church in St. Petersburg, Father Stislavsky accompanied
Leonid to the Capital of Christendom. In Rome, at the Church of the Gesu,
Leonid Feodorov professed his Catholic Faith and confessed to Father Stislavsky
in front of the relics of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, thereby being received into
the Catholic Church on that saint’s feast day, July 31, 1902. In Rome, Leonid
had the good fortune to meet Pope Leo XIII who offered him a scholarship to the
seminary that he had established at Anagni. Leonid gratefully accepted the
offer. He excelled in his studies, even though he did not know a word of
Italian when he began. He proved to be a quick study in learning to speak,
understand and read the language — so well, that “he spoke it like a native,”
according to his fellow seminarians.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Meanwhile, Back in Russia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was a time of great
upheaval in the homeland. The Russo-Japanese War brought the Empire to its
knees in 1904 and 1905. Also in 1905, the first of the three revolutions
occurred, culminating in “Bloody Sunday” when unarmed civilians led by a priest
marched on the Winter palace to present a petition to the Czar and were fired
upon by soldiers. Many of those protesting citizens died. While this revolt was
crushed, it laid the groundwork for the two revolutions that took place in
1917, leading to the Bolshevik takeover of the Russian government. In addition,
the Empire was mired in World War I and the Russian Army was faring poorly.
This led to dissatisfaction with the Czarist rule and the eventual abdication
of Czar Nicholas II.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leonid’s life, as well,
was in upheaval. After three years at Anagni, he was warned by the Russian
ambassador that he would be banned from the homeland forever, if he “continued
to study under the Jesuits” who were considered spies by the Russian government
and the Orthodox Church. Since his life’s goal was to live and work in Russia
as a Byzantine Rite Catholic priest with the aim of uniting the Orthodox under
the Pope, he complied and found a seminary in Switzerland.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eventually, he was
ordained by Bishop Michael Mirov, Bulgarian Greek-Catholic Bishop in
Constantinople, on March 25, 1911. His had been a long journey. Little did he
know that it was only the beginning of an arduous life as a priest in the
homeland. When the Russian Revolution began in 1917, one of the early positive
results under the Provisional Government was the declaration of religious
freedom and the liberating of all religious prisoners. Immediately, the few
Russian Catholic priests opened a little church in St. Petersburg. A few days
later, under Pope Benedict XV, the earlier and unpublished proclamation of Pope
Pius X was announced which had named Father Leonid Feodorov Exarch (equivalent
to bishop) with episcopal jurisdiction in Russia. Sadly, this improved
situation was short-lived.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As we know only too well,
the godless Bolsheviks made life in Russia hell for all believers. One of the
cruelest laws that they enacted was that no children could be taught religion,
their aim being to eradicate God from the minds and hearts of the people. Any
priest, nun or even parent who spoke of God or religion to children could be
jailed or sent to the Gulag. Little by little, the Orthodox and Catholic
priests had their religious rights taken away from them. Eventually, after
harsh treatment, poor food and other deprivations, most were sent to the island
of Anzer in the far north where it was always freezing. Nevertheless, they —
both Orthodox and Catholics, Latin and Byzantine rites — were able to hold
secret Masses in a huge fort turned prison. Some, including Exarch Leonid, who
had been arrested, were made to work cutting down trees in the brutally cold
forests and hauling them away. It was work made to break the strongest of men.
The mortality rate was very high.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">One of the most touching
stories of life in the far north is the way these brave priests got the wine
for the sacred liturgies. Sometimes they might receive packages from home with
a bit of wine. When that was no longer allowed (or the wine was stolen by the
guards), they would save raisins from their paltry food supply and make wine.
Using just drops of the precious wine to consecrate into Our Lord’s Blood, they
were able to have at least one secret Mass in some hidden corner of the vast
prison every day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The touching story of
this brave and holy priest is not only uplifting spiritually — to know what
Christians and believers of all stripes endured during the awful Communist
years in Russia — but it is most interesting from a historical and religious
point of view as well. This is a very heart-wrenching and sweet read. Father
Leonid was a Catholic who knew what his life’s goal should be and might have
succeeded had the Bolsheviks not intervened. It is a well-written book and just
the right length. Any Catholic interested in spreading the Faith would gain
inspiration from the story of this holy Blessed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Leonid was far
from the only Catholic priest to suffer under the Bolsheviks. These others
include Blessed Basil Hopko, Blessed Theodore Romzha, and Blessed Ivan Ziatyk,
martyrs all. In fact, there are so many that in June of 2001, Pope John Paul II
beatified twenty-five of them at the same time. Thousands more Christians whose
names we will never know were killed in odium fidei. May they wear
their crown of glory in Heaven forever!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://store.catholicism.org/blessed-leonid-feodorov.html" target="_blank">This
book available from our bookstore.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Related<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicism.org/russias-eastern-rite-catholics-hope-for-true-union.html?relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=60030&relatedposts_position=0" title="Russia&#8217;s Eastern-Rite Catholics, Hope for True Union">Russia’s
Eastern-Rite Catholics, Hope for True Union</a>Jun 16, 2014In "Current
Issues in the Church"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicism.org/glorious-ukrainian-martyrs-victims-of-communist-barbarity.html?relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=60030&relatedposts_position=1" title="Glorious Ukrainian Martyrs, Victims of Communist Barbarity">Glorious
Ukrainian Martyrs, Victims of Communist Barbarity</a>Feb 10, 2011In
"Articles"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicism.org/russia-conversion.html?relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=60030&relatedposts_position=2" title="The Conversion of Russia">The Conversion of Russia</a>Jun 27, 2005In
"Articles"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicism.org/holy-man-of-russia-blessed-leonid-feodorov.html">https://catholicism.org/holy-man-of-russia-blessed-leonid-feodorov.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Glorious Ukrainian
Martyrs, Victims of Communist Barbarity</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">FEB 10, 2011 <a href="https://catholicism.org/author/briankelly" title="View all posts by Brian Kelly">BRIAN KELLY</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Having just read on Zenit
News website about the vocation surge in Ukraine — which, unfortunately, for
half of those aspiring to the priesthood, is more than the seminaries can
handle — I don’t know whether to weep or rejoice. Something ought to be done —
and quickly — to accommodate these young men. Delay is not a good thing when
the summons from God takes root in a soul. Perhaps, for the older
aspirants, they could be sent to Rome. Let’s keep this situation in our prayer
intentions, lest the fire be diminished in hearts that are ready, but have
found no room yet in the inn.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Ukrainian Church is
the largest of the eastern rite Churches in union with Rome. They number five
million faithful. At the beatification process of the martyr Saint Josaphat,
born in Volodymyr, Volyn (which today is in Ukraine) in 1643, whom we must
remember is the Church’s official patron saint of unity, Pope Urban VIII
uttered these prophetic words: “Oh my Ukrainians, I look to you to convert
the East.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Stalin Persecution and Genocide<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Ukrainian Catholics,
religious and lay, suffered intense persecution from the Russian communists,
especially under the cruel dictator Joseph Stalin and his savage enforcer, the
“Butcher of Ukraine,” Lazar Moses Kaganovich, chairman of the Soviet Presidium.
Stalin’s collectivization of the people’s farms and confiscation of their grain
from 1932-1933, led to the forced starvation of ten million Ukrainians. This
was done as a punishment for the rise in Ukrainian patriotism and the emergence
of a powerful nationalist movement that arose about a decade after the
Bolsheviks took over. Kaganovich, who had already spearheaded the murderous
purges in Russia, posted armed guards at all the grainaries to prevent the
Ukrainian people from access to their own harvest and when starving people
tried to reach the border in search of food they were gunned down. The West
ignored the crisis, preferring to believe the USSR propaganda that there was a
famine. Only one pro-Soviet American reporter, Walter Duranty of the New York
Times, was allowed into Ukraine at the time. In that paper he denied the
genocide calling it “partial crop failures.” Sometime after receiving the
Pulitzer Prize for journalism, he later admitted, according to British
Diplomatic Reports, that “as many as ten million” may have perished.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Reasonable estimates put
the percentage of murdered Ukrainians in that two-year period at a quarter of
the population, roughly ten million. Most of the victims were poor children.
When the granaries were re-opened in 1934, the people were reeling in shock and
despair. Before the genocide, the Catholic Church was flourishing in Ukraine,
or at least it appeared to be. There were many vocations to the religious life,
especially in Lviv, Ukraine’s cultural center, where seminaries and monasteries
thrived. After and during the horrific two-year ordeal many lost faith in God,
but others accepted the chastisement as a purification and the seminaries and
convents began to rebound. The suffering under the yoke of Communism was not over,
it would last for another sixty-four years (except for the Nazi occupation from
1941-1944), until the nation achieved its independence from the Soviet Union in
1991.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Genocide wasn’t enough,
Stalin still wanted absolute control over all of Ukraine. In 1939, he sent his
Red Army into western Ukraine; prior to this it was the eastern part of the
country that took the brunt of his sadistic brutality. There was now only one
major force in his way, the Catholic Church. Half of the Catholics in Ukraine
had been deported and dozens of priests executed. The schismatic Orthodox
Church, under the Moscow Patriarchate, cooperated with the Communist Party and
kept its worship private. The Catholic Church (i.e., the Ukrainian Greek
Catholic Church) under the authority of the pope continued its mission as
mandated by Christ to teach, preach, administer the sacraments wherever needed,
and evangelize. In 1939, the order came down from Stalin to intensify the
persecution of the Roman Catholic Church in western Ukraine, liquidate it by
terror if its leaders could not be bought outright. Everything the Church owned
was confiscated — convents, schools, hospitals, the Catholic press, and many
Catholic churches were burnt to the ground. It was during the height of the
persecution, in 1941, that the Nazis drove the Reds out of Ukraine. With
Germany’s defeat in WWII, the communists re-consolidated their hold in Ukraine,
half the Catholic clergy were sent to prison and one- fifth were exiled; the
schismatic orthodox took over all the Catholic churches and all Church
properties were seized by the atheistic state.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Beatifications
and Canonizations, a Strong Spiritual Stimulus<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On June 27, 2001, Pope
John Paul II beatified twenty-eight Ukrainian martyrs: bishops, priests, nuns,
and one layman who suffered and died for Christ and His Vicar under the
communist scourge. Now, ten years later, we read about the flood of vocations
in Ukraine, which has caused the seminaries to turn back half of the young men
seeking to enter. There is certainly a connection to be made here.
Beatifications and canonizations of saints can lift up the soul of a nation,
especially when the venerated are martyrs. Father Igor Luzar, postulator
for the cause of Venerable Lojze Grozde, a nineteen-year-old Catholic martyred
by communist thugs for carrying prayer books in his pocket, said that the
beatification of Blessed Lojze represents “a strong spiritual stimulus” for the
people of Slovenia. How true! How true for Slovenia; how true for Ukraine! I
might add, how true this would be for China, a country which has produced
countless martyrs who have suffered and died in communist prisons and labor
camps, and whose faithful still are suffering various forms of incarceration
and slave labor for their Faith in Christ and fidelity to His Vicar on earth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Below I will post a list
of these twenty-eight beatified bishops, priests, nuns, and one layman of
Ukraine with a brief sketch of the more important facts concerning them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Champions
of the Faith: Feodorov, Sheptytsky, and Slipyi<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Three figures stand out
that personify the fortitude of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. They are
Exarch Leonid Feodorov, Metropolitan Andrej Sheptytsky, and Joseph Cardinal
Slipyi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Martyr, <b>Exarch Leonid Feodorov</b> was a
convert to the Faith from Russian Orthodoxy. He entered the Church while
studying in Rome and joined the monks of the Studite Order in Bosnia. He came
back to Tsarist Russia as a Catholic priest during WWI. The Catholic Church
being at the time outlawed by the schismatics, he was caught, arrested, and
sent to Siberia. When he was released in 1917, he was appointed head of the
Russian Greek Catholic Church as Exarch. Then, six years later, the communists
arrested him and sent him to prison. After ten years of incarceration, he died
in exile in 1935, a martyr for the Faith and Church unity. Unlike the other
subjects of this article, Exarch Feodorov was not Ukrainian but Russian.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Seven-foot tall, Metropolitan
Andrej Sheptytsky, who continued the Exarch’s work for bringing the schismatics
back to unity with the pope, wanted him canonized. Many of the priests and
bishops, including Joseph Slipyi, were ordained and/or consecrated by
Sheptytsky. Although he was not called to follow them in blood martyrdom, they
were his spiritual sons, each of them inspired by the Metropolitan’s wisdom,
courage, and holiness. He was called the “Moses” of the people of Ukraine. You
can read the life story of this great apostle for Church unity <a href="https://catholicism.org/sheptytsky.html">here</a> on our website.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Joseph Slipyi was
born in western Ukraine in 1882 to a well-to-do Catholic family. He entered the
diocesan seminary while studying philosophy at the University of Lviv. He was
ordained in 1917. He was then sent to Rome for more studies and, completing his
doctorate in theology, he returned to Lviv where he taught in the university
there as rector of the Theology Academy. During this time he wrote numerous
books on the Faith. In 1939, because of the monitoring of religious groups by
the KGB, Metropolitan Sheptytsky secretly consecrated Slipyi Archbishop of Lviv
with the right to succeed him. In 1944 the Reds took over Ukraine again, after
the defeat of the Nazis, just months before Sheptytsky died. In April, 1945,
Slipyi was arrested and taken to prison in Kyiv, as were many other priests and
bishops. He was told that all that he had to do to gain his freedom was to
submit to the schismatic Patriarch of Moscow, a pawn of the communists. When
the communists re-consolidated their hold in Ukraine the schismatic orthodox
took over all the Catholic churches, as mentioned above. All the other
properties of the Church were seized by the atheistic state. When Metropolitan
Joseph refused to sever his allegiance to the pope he was sentenced to eight
years of hard labor and put on a train headed for the gulag in Siberia. That
sentence was extended three times before he was sent to the worst hellhole of
all, Siberia’s Morodovvia “from which [camp] no one comes out alive.” From
there he wrote letters, from one of which the following excerpt is taken:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“What a blessing this
Siberia has been for us all, for all the followers of Christ, for the growth
and the life of Christ’s kingdom. This place, once barren, today is soaked with
the bloody sweat of prisoners and the unconquered sons of an enslaved nation.
Not only laments and curses have come forth from this alien land . . . Words of
calm and sincere prayer have also gone up to the Almighty . . . For a number of
years now, from various corners and caves the new sacrifice of the Body and
Blood of Christ has been offered. A spiritual school has been born and thrives,
which helps in the upbringing of new ministers of Christ. This very Siberian
land has seen a truly new human being, true Christians, true and faithful sons
of Christ’s Church . . .”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1963, with the help of
the U.S. State Department, Pope John XXIII procured Slipyi’s release. In 1965,
his secret elevation to the cardinalate by Pope Pius XII (in pectore) was made
known publicly at Pope Paul VI’s first consistory. The pope, however, resisted
the pressure to confer the title Patriarch on Slipyi, lest he incur the fury of
the schismatic Ukrainian Orthodox hierarchs who were under the Moscow
Patriarch. Instead a new title was invented, Major Archbishop, for the chief
hierarch in the UGCC. Having no stomach for any compromising détente with
Moscow, Cardinal Slipyi reluctantly bowed to Pope Paul’s wishes. He did,
however, ruffle feathers in the Curia when, in 1977, acting as it were
“patriarchal,” he consecrated three bishops without papal approval. This is
forbidden by the canon law of the Latin Church, but not under the code of the
eastern rites. Disillusioned with compromise, he still remained loyal to the
Pope and the unity of the Church for which he suffered so much, until his death
in 1984. He died in exile, in Rome, at the age of ninety-two. His cause
for canonization has been introduced.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Introducing the
Twenty-Eight New Ukrainian Beati<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Here are the twenty-eight
Ukrainians beatified by Pope John Paul II June 27, 2000. All of the following
information is culled from the magnificent booklet: Church of the Martyrs,
The New Saints of Ukraine. The booklet was published in Lviv at Saint John’s
Monastery, but it can be obtained from the Redemptorists, 250 Jefferson Ave.,
Winnipeg, Canada, R2V 0M6.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sister Josaphata
Hordashevska: She was born in Lviv in 1869. In 1892, she founded what would be
the largest female religious community in the Ukrainian Catholic Church, the
Sisters Servants of Mary Immaculate. An example of holiness and charity in
performing her labors among the poor, she died of bone cancer in 1919.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Nicholas Konrad: Born in 1876, he studied for the priesthood in Rome. He was
ordained in 1899. He was very active with the Catholic students whom he taught
in Lviv, forming an association with them, called Renewal, to enhance their
spiritual lives. Returning from a sick call, he was accosted by thugs from the
KGB and beaten to death on June 26, 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martyr Volodymyr, Cantor:
He was martyred together with Father Konrad.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr, Andrew
Ishchak: Born in Lviv region. After earning his doctorate in theology in 1914,
he was ordained a priest. He taught at the Lviv Theological Academy. While
doing pastoral work, he was killed for the Faith by soldiers of the retreating
Red Army on June 26, 1941. Notice that the first three of the martyrs listed
were slain on the same day, June 26, 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Severian Baranyk: Born in 1889, he joined the Basilian Fathers in 1904. He
became prior of a Basilian monastery, where he was known for his habitual joy
and his work with the youth and orphans. He was arrested by the KGB and sent to
prison and died there of multiple fractures in June, 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Joachim Senkivskyi: Born in 1896, he was ordained a priest in 1921. He earned a
doctorate in theology at the University of Innsbruck, afterwards he joined the
Basilians. Father Joachim was extremely active doing pastoral work in several
villages and, later, he was made abbot of a Basilian monastery. He was arrested
during the blitzkrieg KGB sweep of June 26, 1941 and sent to the local prison.
Three days later, according to the testimony of other prisoners, he was boiled
to death.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Zynovil Kovalyk: Born in 1903, he entered the Redemptorists in 1926. After
studying in Belgium, he returned to Ukraine and was ordained in 1937. In 1940,
while preaching a homily he was seized by the Reds and thrown into prison. He
was tortured horribly during his incarceration and finally crucified in mockery
of His Savior at the end of June, 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Emilian Kowcz: Born in 1884, he went to Rome to study for the priesthood.
There, he was ordained in 1911. Father Emilian was a married man prior to
ordination. He served as chaplain for a while and worked among the poor and the
soldiers during WWII. Arrested by the Gestapo, he died praying for and giving
consolation to fellow prisoners in a concentration camp in 1942.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nun and Martyr, Sister
Tarsykiia Matskiv: She made her religious profession in 1940 with the Sisters
Servants of Mary Immaculate, founded by Blessed Sister Josaphata. Even before
the Reds over ran Lviv she had made a private vow with her confessor to
sacrifice her life for the conversion of Russia and the good of the Church. On
July 17, 1944, Soviet soldiers surrounded her convent. Sister heard a knock at
the door and opened it, thinking it was a priest whose arrival the sisters were
awaiting. A shot rang out and Sister Tarsykiia fell dead. Her sacrificial
intention was accepted unto martyrdom.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Vitalis Bairak: Born in 1907, he entered the Basilian Order in 1924. In 1941 he
was appointed superior of the Drohobych monastery to take the place of recently
martyred Father Joachim. He was arrested by the KGB in 1945 and sent to the
same local prison where Father Joachim was boiled to death. In this horror
house he was savagely beaten and, just prior to Easter, 1946, he died of his
wounds.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr, Roman
Lysko: Born in 1914 in the Lviv region. Married, he attended the Lviv
Theological Academy. He was ordained a priest by Metropolitan Sheptytsky.
Refusing to sign a statement of conversion to the Orthodox Church, he was
arrested in 1949 and imprisoned in Lviv and allowed no visitors. The date of
his death is unknown. Reports had it that he was sealed up alive in a wall, a
martyr for the Faith and Church unity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr,
Gregory Khomyshyn: Born in 1867, he attended the Lviv seminary in his youth.
Ordained in 1893, he continued studies in Vienna, where he earned a doctorate.
Metropolitan Sheptytsky appointed him rector of the Lviv seminary and
consecrated him a bishop in 1904. He was arrested by the KGB for the first time
in 1939 and again in 1945. He died of ill health that same year while in
prison.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr,
Theodore Romzha: Born in 1911, he went to Rome to study for the priesthood at
the Gregorian University. After ordination he returned to Ukraine where he was
assigned pastoral work in remote villages. He also taught philosophy in the
seminary. In 1944 he was consecrated bishop, and in his post as shepherd he
refused every attempt by the communists to get him to join the Orthodox Church.
In October, 1947, communist soldiers rammed a military vehicle into his
carriage in an attempt to kill him and his companions. Seeing that he survived,
they beat him and the others into unconsciousness. While recovering in a
hospital he was poisoned to death.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr,
Josaphat Kotsylovskyi: Born in 1876, he studied for the priesthood in Rome.
After ordination, he taught theology at the Stanislaviv Seminary in Ukraine. He
entered the Basilian Order during this time. In 1917, when Metropolitan
Sheptytsky returned from prison in Russia, he consecrated Father Josaphat a
bishop in Poland. The bishop was arrested in Poland by the communists who took
him to Russia and then to a prison in Kiev. He died a martyr in a concentration
camp in Kiev in 1947.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr, Nykyta
Budka: Born in 1877, he was ordained to the priesthood in 1905 by Metropolitan
Sheptytsky. Assigned to minister to Ukrainian emigrants, he was consecrated
bishop in 1912 and appointed the first bishop for Ukrainian Catholics in
Canada. In 1928, he returned to Lviv, where he served as Vicar General for the
Metropolitan’s curia. Arrested with other bishops in 1945, he was sent to the
gulag. He died in a labor camp in Kazakhstan in 1949.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr,
Gregory Lakota: Born in 1883 in the Lviv region, he studied theology at the
Lviv Academy. He was ordained to the priesthood in Poland in 1908. He served
for eighteen years as professor and rector in the seminary at Przemysl before
being consecrated that city’s bishop in 1926. Arrested in 1946, he was
sentenced to ten years imprisonment. He was then exiled to a labor camp in
Vorkuta, Russia. Bishop Gregory was beloved by his fellow prisoners, often
taking on the labors of others in order to ease their suffering. He died near
Vorkuta in 1950.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Archimandrite Clement Sheptytsky: Younger brother of Metropolitan Sheptytsky,
Abbot Clement was born in 1869. He studied law and received a doctorate from
the University of Krakow. After serving various governmental positions in
Austria, he entered the Studite monastery in 1912. He was ordained a priest in
1915. He was elected prior and later abbot of the Studite monastery at Univ,
Ukraine. In 1947, the abbot was arrested by the KGB in Kiev. He died in prison
in 1951 in Vladmir, Russia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Nicholas Tsehelskyi: Born in 1896, he graduated from the Theology Academy at
Lviv University in 1923. He was ordained a priest in 1925 by Metropolitan
Sheptytsky. He suffered much as a priest, both from threats and beatings,
because he refused to become an Orthodox. He was arrested by the Reds in 1946
and sentenced to ten years imprisonment. Father Nicholas had a wife and three
children who were taken into custody and sent to Russia’s Chita region. Father
Nicholas was deported to a notoriously severe labor camp in Russia’s Mordovia.
Here he died, in 1951, while enduring with great patience a painful illness
that resulted from his cruel treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr, Ivan
Ziatyk: Born in 1899, he was ordained in 1923. Twelve years later, he joined
the Redemptorists. He was appointed superior of the congregation in Ternopil,
and served in this capacity during the Nazi occupation. He was arrested by the
communists in 1950 for the crime of “preaching the ideas of the Pope of Rome
regarding the spread of the Catholic Faith among the nations of the whole
world.” He was sent to prison in Russia where he endured the torture of seventy-five
interrogation sessions. He gave his life for Christ in 1952 after being
savagely beaten and thrown out in the cold drenched with water. He died later
in the prison infirmary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nun and Martyr, Sister
Olympia Bida: Born in 1903 in the Lviv region of Ukraine, she entered as a
young woman the congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph. She later became
the superior of one of their convents. When the Soviets took over Ukraine after
WWII, the convent suffered a number of attacks. In 1950, she was arrested by
soldiers of the KGB and taken to a harsh labor camp in Siberia. She was
sentenced for her “anti-Soviet activities.” This is where she died, in 1952,
after enduring intense suffering.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nun and Martyr, Sister
Lavrentia Herasymiv: Born in the Lviv region in 1911, she entered the convent
of the Sisters of Saint Joseph in Tsebliv at the age of twenty. After taking
first vows she joined Sister Olympia at the convent in Khyriv. She was arrested
with Sister Olympia in 1950 and, already sick with tuberculosis, sent to the
same labor camp. She died the same year as her devoted companion from the
inhuman conditions in which she was forced to live.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr, Peter
Verhun: Born in the Lviv region in 1890, he studied philosophy and earned a
Ph.D. He was ordained a priest by Metropolitan Sheptytsky in 1927 and later
sent to Germany as Apostolic Visitator for the Ukrainian Catholics who lived
there. Beloved by his flock, he was hated by the Soviet communists in Berlin.
They arrested him and sent him to do eight years of hard labor in Siberia. He
continued his priestly work among the prisoners amid the harshest of
conditions. He died in exile in 1957.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Priest and Martyr,
Oleksii Zarytskyi: Born in the Lviv region in 1912, he pursued his
studies as a young man at the Theological Academy in Lviv. Metropolitan
Sheptytsky ordained him a priest in 1936 and assigned him to serve as pastor in
the village of Strutyn. The KGB arrested him in 1948 and sentenced him to a
labor camp in Siberia for the crime of refusing to renounce his Catholic Faith
and join the Orthodox Church. After his release he returned to western Ukraine
and worked tirelessly, not only among his own people, but among Poles, Germans,
and even Russians. Despite the danger, he visited Metropolitan Josef Slipyi
when he was in exile. Arrested a second time, he was sent to a labor camp in
Karaganda where he died two years later in 1963.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr
Nicholas Charnetskyi: Born in 1884, in the Stanislaviv region of Ukraine, he
studied for the priesthood first in Ukraine, then in Rome. He was ordained in
Rome in 1909 after earning a doctorate in dogmatic theology. Returning to
Ukraine, he taught in the seminary at Stanislaviv and, ten years later, joined
the Redemptorists in Lviv. In 1926, he was appointed Apostolic Visitator for
the eastern rite Catholics living in Poland. His main work was trying to ignite
a desire among the Orthodox to return to unity under the pope. In 1931, Father
Nicholas was consecrated a bishop. Fourteen years later his Calvary began in
earnest. Arrested by the KGB in 1945, he was sent to a notoriously hard labor
camp in Siberia. For the next eleven years he was interrogated for a total of
six hundred hours, tortured, and shuffled around thirty different camps.
Terminally ill, he was allowed to return to Ukraine in 1956 where he continued
to perform his episcopal duties. Known for his outstanding patience and
goodness, he was, in his own lifetime, considered a saint. He died as a result
of his maltreatment in 1959.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr, Simeon
Lukach: Born in 1893, he entered the seminary of Stanislaviv near his home
village. Ordained in 1919, he taught moral theology at the same seminary.
Secretly, in 1945, he was consecrated a bishop by Blessed Bishop Gregory
Chomyshyn, who was expecting his own imminent arrest. Bishop Gregory’s account
was given earlier in this tribute. A year later, the Bishop was arrested by the
Soviet KGB and sentenced to hard labor at a lumber camp in Krasnoyarsk. He was
freed in 1955 and returned to Ukraine. In 1962, he was arrested again and sent
to a worse camp. After two years, dying from tuberculosis, the Bishop was
allowed to return to his home village. He died a martyr shortly thereafter, in
1964, as a result of his maltreatment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr, Ivan
Sleziuk: Born in 1896 in the same region as the two previously-mentioned
martyrs, he entered the eparchial seminary, graduating in 1923, and ordained
the same year. He, too, was secretly ordained by Bishop Gregory Chomyshyn just
prior to the latter’s arrest in 1945. Two months after his consecration, he was
arrested and sent to a labor camp in Moldovia, Russia. When he was released he
returned to his post and served as eparchical administrator. But, in 1962, he
was arrested again, together with Bishop Simeon Lukach. Six more years were
spent in hard labor. Even after his release in 1968, he was continually
harassed by the KGB. After one of their sadistic summons for a “conversation,”
he fell so ill that he never recovered. He died a martyr in 1973.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bishop and Martyr, Basil
Velychkovskyi: Born in 1903, also in the Stanislaviv region, he entered the
seminary in Lviv. In 1925, he was ordained and took vows as a Redemptorist.
After years of missionary work in Volyn, he was elected prior for the house in
Ternopil. He was arrested in 1945 and sentenced to hard labor at a Siberian
camp above the Arctic Circle. Released in 1955, he returned to Lviv where he
continued with his pastoral work. In 1963, in a Moscow hotel, he was secretly
consecrated an archbishop by Metropolitan Slipyi, who was on his way to exile
in Rome. His assignment was to head the underground Ukrainian Catholic Church
and to secure the apostolic succession for the catacombed UGCC. In 1969,
Archbishop Basil was arrested again and sent to prison where he was subjected
to physical, chemical, and psychological torture. Three years later, he was
released but sent outside the USSR and Ukraine into exile. With a failing
heart, caused by the treatment he received in prison, he went to Canada to lead
the Ukrainian Catholic diaspora which had immigrated to that country.
Archbishop Basil died a martyr, in Winnipeg, in June of 1973. There is a
martyrs shrine, dedicated to him and other Redemptorist martyrs, at Saint
Joseph’s Ukrainian Catholic Church in Winnipeg. Pilgrims have flocked to his
tomb seeking healings ever since his mortal remains, fully intact, were
transferred to the shrine in 2002.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martyr and Exarch, Leonid
Feodorov. The brief sketch of his life was given earlier.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Related<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicism.org/pope-remembers-ukrainian-victims-of-stalins-forced-famine.html?relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=0&relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=0&relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=0" title="Pope Remembers Ukrainian Victims of Stalin&#8217;s Forced Famine">Pope
Remembers Ukrainian Victims of Stalin’s Forced Famine</a>Nov 24, 2008In
"History"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicism.org/blessed-nykyta-budka-bishop-of-canada-martyr.html?relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=1&relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=1&relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=1" title="Blessed Nykyta Budka, Bishop of Canada, Martyr">Blessed Nykyta Budka,
Bishop of Canada, Martyr</a>Mar 27, 2015In "Catholic America"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicism.org/sheptytsky.html?relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=2&relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=2&relatedposts_hit=1&relatedposts_origin=21180&relatedposts_position=2" title="Metropolitan Sheptytsky, Apostle of Church Unity">Metropolitan
Sheptytsky, Apostle of Church Unity</a>May 15, 2008In "Articles"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicism.org/glorious-ukrainian-martyrs-victims-of-communist-barbarity.html">https://catholicism.org/glorious-ukrainian-martyrs-victims-of-communist-barbarity.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beato Leonida
Fedorov </b>Vescovo e martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/03/07">7 marzo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92949">>>> Visualizza la
Scheda del Gruppo cui appartiene</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">San Pietroburgo, Russia,
4 novembre 1879 – Kirov, Russia, 7 marzo 1935<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nacque il 4 novembre 1879
a San Pietroburgo da una famiglia ortodossa russa. Nel 1902 lasciò il seminario
ortodosso e fece un viaggio a Roma, dove si convertì al cattolicesimo.
Terminati gli studi, il 25 marzo 1911 ricevette l'ordinazione presbiterale in
Bosnia come greco-cattolico, cioè di rito bizantino. Due anni dopo divenne
monaco nel monastero di San Teodoro lo Studita. Tornato a San Pietroburgo venne
deportato in Siberia, ma già nel 1917 fu liberato e ricevette la nomina ad
Esarca dei Cattolici russi di rito bizantino. Nel 1923 fu arrestato una seconda
volta e condannato a dieci anni di prigionia e inviato alle isole Solovky sul
Mar Bianco ed a Vladka. Fu pioniere dell'ecumenismo insieme con gli ortodossi
con i quali condivise la dura prigionia. Morì il 7 marzo 1935 presso Kirov. Fu
beatificato da Giovanni Paolo II il 27 giugno 2001, insieme ad altre 24 ucraini
vittime del regime sovietico, primo beato russo dei tempi
moderni. (Avvenire)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: Nella città di Kirov in Russia, beato Leonida Fëdorov, vescovo e
martire, che ricoprì l’incarico di esarca apostolico dei cattolici Russi di
Rito bizantino e, sotto un regime ostile alla religione, meritò di essere
discepolo fedele di Cristo fino alla morte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel 1928, sacerdoti
cattolici ed ortodossi, deportati nel Grande Nord della Russia, tengono
conferenze ecumeniche di una levatura e di una cordialità eccezionale. Grazie a
libri presi a prestito da monaci ortodossi, un sacerdote cattolico, Padre
Fëdorov, spiega la dottrina sull'infallibilità del Papa. Dopo una lunga
discussione, l'arcivescovo Ilarion, ex ausiliario del Patriarca di Mosca,
dichiara: «Inteso in questo modo, non vedo più perchè questo dogma ripugnerebbe
al mondo ortodosso». Il 27 giugno 2001, Papa Giovanni Paolo II beatificava
Leonida Fëdorov, la cui preoccupazione costante era stata l'unità dei
Cristiani.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Leonida Fëdorov nasce il 4 novembre 1879, in una famiglia ortodossa. Suo padre
muore prematuramente e la Signora Fëdorov continua a gestire da sola un
ristorante a San Pietroburgo. Leonida è un adolescente mite e gentile. Sua
madre fa di tutto per iniziarlo alla devozione cristiana. Di un temperamento
indipendente e idealistico, il giovane legge avidamente gli autori francesi,
italiani o tedeschi. Dopo aver letto opere di filosofia indù, pensa: «A che
serve questa vita senza valori? A che servono l'attività, l'agitazione, gli
slanci generosi, lo sforzo? Non è preferibile il riposo perpetuo del nirvana,
in cui si spegne ogni aspirazione, in cui si instaura la quiete eterna
dell'annientamento?» Ma tali disposizioni d'animo sono passeggere. Influenzato
da un sacerdote ortodosso, che alleava virtù e scienza con un grande talento
pedagogico, l'anima del giovane si pacifica e, dopo gli studi medi superiori,
condotti brillantemente, entra all'Accademia ecclesiastica, scuola superiore di
teologia.<br />
<br /><b>
Un'auspicata riconciliazione</b><br />
<br />
Il ristorante della Signora Fëdorov è un luogo d'incontro per gli intellettuali.
Fra di essi, si trova un giovane e brillante professore di filosofia, Vladimiro
Soloviev, che insiste sulla responsabilità dei Cristiani, predica con foga il
ritorno ad un cristianesimo integrale e la riconciliazione della Russia con il
Papato. Influenzato da lui, tutto si chiarisce in Leonida: «Avevo già
vent'anni, scriverà più tardi, quando, attraverso la lettura dei Padri della
Chiesa e della Storia, riuscii a scoprire la vera Chiesa Universale». Ma la
legislazione russa rende praticamente impossibile il passaggio di un Ortodosso
al cattolicesimo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Infatti, la Chiesa nazionale russa, ortodossa, era profondamente legata al
potere temporale. Avendo salvato molte volte la nazione nei momenti cruciali,
essa appariva come assolutamente necessaria alla sua vita. Separarsi da essa
equivaleva a separarsi dalla comunità russa stessa. Infatti, i Cattolici russi
erano quasi tutti di origine straniera e in maggioranza di origine polacca; la
lingua dei Cattolici era il polacco ed il rito seguito, quello latino. Per i
Russi ortodossi, il rito latino era quello di coloro che riconoscono la
supremazia del Papa, ed il rito bizantino-russo una specie di patrimonio
familiare inalienabile. Il governo russo non voleva a nessun costo che si
instaurassero chiese in cui i fedeli avrebbero pregato secondo il rito
bizantino, pur riconoscendo il Papa come pastore supremo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nella sua ricerca della verità, Leonida si intrattiene con il Rettore della
chiesa cattolica principale di San Pietroburgo, poi decide di farsi Cattolico,
e, pertanto, di andarsene all'estero. Il 19 giugno 1902, parte alla volta
dell'Italia. A Leopoli, in Ucraina, va a trovare il Metropolita cattolico di
rito orientale, Andrea Cheptitzky, che gli fornisce una raccomandazione scritta
indirizzata a Papa Leone XIII. Leonida giunge a Roma nel corso del mese di
luglio del 1902, e il 31, festa di sant'Ignazio di Loyola, fa professione di
fede cattolica nella chiesa del Gesù, tenuta dai Gesuiti. Poco dopo, il Santo
Padre lo riceve in udienza privata, lo benedice e gli attribuisce una borsa per
gli studi sacerdotali.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Leonida si reca al seminario di Anagni, a 50 km. a sud di Roma e diretto dai
Gesuiti. L'esuberanza dei giovani compagni meridionali talvolta lo
infastidisce, ma si sforza di non brontolare e si piega ad un regolamento
assolutamente nuovo per lui. Inizia i compagni ai problemi religiosi russi. «Si
conosce talmente male la Russia a Roma, ripete. Infatti, la Russia è molto più
prossima di Roma che non i paesi protestanti, ma qualsiasi provvedimento
inopportuno nei suoi riguardi può causare un gravissimo pregiudizio alla causa
dell'unione». Dopo tre anni di sforzi notevoli, consegue il grado di dottore in
filosofia ed inizia gli studi di teologia. «Gli anni di studio, scriverà in
seguito, furono per me una vera rivelazione. La vita austera, la regolarità, lo
studio razionale e profondo che mi furono richiesti, i compagni che vi
frequentai, pieni di gioia e di vitalità, non ancora corrotti dagli scritti
atei dell'epoca, il popolo italiano, anch'esso tanto vivace, tanto intelligente
e pervaso della vera civiltà cristiana, tutto ciò mi rimise veramente in sesto
e mi iniettò una nuova energia». Aggiunge tuttavia: «Mi si aprirono gli occhi
sulla disuguaglianza che regna nella Chiesa cattolica fra i vari riti e il mio
animo si ribellò contro l'ingiustizia dei Latini nei riguardi degli Orientali,
contro la loro ignoranza generale della cultura spirituale orientale». Infatti,
per molti sacerdoti cattolici di allora, il rito latino era considerato come il
rito cattolico per eccellenza, essendo gli altri riti soltanto tollerati.
Leonida non condivide quest'opinione: «Meditando le istruzioni del Metropolita
Cheptitzky, scriverà, mi resi conto che il mio vero dovere di Cattolico era
quello di rimanere irremovibilmente fedele al rito ed alle tradizioni religiose
russe. Il Sommo Pontefice lo esigeva molto chiaramente». Non per questo Leonida
assume una mentalità gretta: si appassiona per tutte le iniziative della Chiesa
d'Occidente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma in Russia, la rivoluzione incombe. Alla fine di ottobre 1905, lo Zar è
costretto a fare concessioni, a riconoscere in particolare la libertà di
coscienza. Tuttavia, quando una persona molto coraggiosa, la Signorina
Ouchakoff, organizza una cappella cattolica di rito orientale a San
Pietroburgo, il governo rifiuta di approvare tale iniziativa. «Si permetteva,
in Russia, scrive un testimone, la costruzione di moschee, di pagode buddiste,
di cappelle protestanti di quasiasi genere, tutta una serie di logge massoniche
e perfino chiese cattoliche di rito latino, ma mai una chiesa cattolica di rito
russo! L'attrattiva sarebbe stata troppo grande!»<br />
<br /><b>
Partenza immediata</b><br />
<br />
Nel 1907, Leonida ottiene per decreto pontificio il riconoscimento ufficiale
della sua appartenenza al rito bizantino. Tale decreto di Papa san Pio X
segnava una svolta nell'attività apostolica della Chiesa cattolica in Russia,
poichè i Cattolici russi potevano ormai esser riconosciuti ufficialmente da
Roma, pur conservando il loro proprio rito, il rito bizantino-russo. Nel giugno
1907, quando Leonida chiede il rinnovo del passaporto, il governo russo
risponde: «Se Leonida Fëdorov non lascia immediatamente un istituto diretto dai
Gesuiti, gli si vieterà per sempre il rientro in Russia!» Leonida lascia Anagni
per il Convitto della Propaganda, a Roma città. Si trova ormai in un ambiente
molto cosmopolita che gli permette di toccar con mano l'universalità della
Chiesa cattolica.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Durante l'estate del 1907, Leonida si reca al primo Congresso di Velehrad, in
Moravia, dove s'incontrano specialisti delle questioni orientali per «aprire la
via della pace e della concordia fra l'Occidente e l'Oriente, per proiettare
luce sulle questioni controverse, per correggere le idee preconcette, per
ravvicinare i più ostili, per ristabilire l'amicizia totale». Gli viene
affidata una missione urgente in favore degli Orientali greco-cattolici
emigrati negli Stati Uniti; questi, mal compresi dai vescovi del paese, si
avvicinano agli Ortodossi. Leonida intercede per essi presso la Santa Sede, che
accorderà loro, nel maggio 1913, uno statuto giuridico corrispondente alle loro
necessità.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Alla fine dell'anno scolastico 1907-1908, a seguito di una nuova richiesta del
governo russo, Leonida deve lasciare Roma; si reca in incognito a Friburgo, in
Svizzera, per finire gli studi. Durante l'estate del 1909, torna a San
Pietroburgo, dove ritrova commosso sua madre, la quale ha anch'essa fatto
professione di fede cattolica. Alla stessa epoca, il Metropolita Cheptitzki
chiede ed ottiene da Papa san Pio X una vera e propria giurisdizione sui
Greco-cattolici di Russia, che non saranno così più sottoposti a vescovi
polacchi di rito latino.<br />
<br /><b>
Far scomparire un'opera diabolica</b><br />
<br />
Il 26 marzo 1911, Leonida è ordinato sacerdote. Il 27 luglio, partecipa al
congresso di Velehrad. L'assenza di prelati ortodossi a tale congresso lo
addolora; scrive loro: «È nostra intenzione servirci della ricerca scientifica
per preparare le vie del nostro mutuo ravvicinamento. I congressi di Velehrad
non sono istituzioni esclusivamente confessionali (vale a dire riservate ai
Cattolici) bensì piuttosto riunioni di studiosi, animati da spirito religioso e
convinti che la disunione è un'opera diabolica che bisogna far scomparire».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tuttavia, da parecchi anni, Padre Leonida si sente attirato dalla vita
monastica. Nel maggio del 1912, viene accolto in un monastero in cui la vita si
divide fra la celebrazione dell'Uffizio divino secondo il rito bizantino e i
lavori dei campi. Grazie alla sua salute robusta ed al suo carattere
conciliante, si piega senza troppa difficoltà all'austerità dello stile di
vita. L'isolamento dal mondo ed il raccoglimento lo soddisfanno, benchè gli
manchino lo studio della teologia e le informazioni sulla situazione politica.
Scopre nel proprio temperamento una certa durezza nei riguardi del prossimo,
che non si manca di fargli notare, e contro cui lotta con successo. «Parlava
con molta dolcezza, potrà dire di lui uno dei confratelli. Era sempre di umore
costante».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Durante l'estate del 1914, scoppia la prima guerra mondiale. Padre Leonida
torna immediatamente a San Pietroburgo, diventata Pietrogrado. Ivi lo attende
una penosa sorpresa: il governo lo esilia a Tobolsk, in Siberia, poichè è
legato a nemici della Russia. Padre Leonida si sistema in una stanza d'affitto
e trova un lavoro nell'amministrazione locale. Così passano gli anni 1915 e
1916, contrassegnati da una lunga immobilizzazione a letto, dovuta ad una
violenta crisi di reumatismi articolari. Ma la guerra ha disorganizzato
l'economia nazionale ed il popolo soffre a causa della penuria di viveri. Nel
febbraio del 1917, scoppia la rivoluzione, e il 2 marzo, lo Zar Nicola II
abdica. Un governo provvisorio, presieduto dal Principe Lvoff, proclama
un'amnistia totale per i delitti in materia religiosa ed abolisce tutte le
restrizioni alla libertà di culto. Il Metropolita Cheptitzky, anch'egli
esiliato, viene quindi amnistiato e riorganizza l'attività dei Cattolici russi.
Sceglie Padre Leonida in qualità di esarca, vale a dire quale rappresentante
dell'autorità religiosa sul territorio russo. Amnistiato a sua volta, egli
torna a Pietrogrado. Il Metropolita ha in animo di conferirgli la consacrazione
episcopale, ma Padre Leonida rifiuta.<br />
<br /><b>
Cattolico, russo, di rito bizantino</b><br />
<br />
Il nuovo esarca inizia l'opera pastorale preoccupandosi dell'unità dei
cristiani d'Oriente e d'Occidente. Per lui, la vera soluzione va ricercata in
una riconciliazione tramite le gerarchie. La sua piccola comunità dimostra con
i fatti che si può essere Cattolici, rimanendo totalmente Russi e conservando
il rito orientale. Ma il 25 ottobre, i Bolscevichi rovesciano il governo ed
installano un rivolgimento radicale dell'ordine sociale. Cominciano cinque anni
di privazioni, di lotte e di angosce. All'inizio del 1919, Padre Leonida scrive
ad un amico: «Attribuisco ad un miracolo della bontà divina il fatto di essere
ancora in vita e che la nostra chiesa continui ad esistere. Buon numero dei
nostri Cattolici russi sono morti d'inedia. Gli altri si sono dispersi di qua e
di là, per sottrarsi al freddo e alla fame». Nel 1918, egli ha il dolore di
perdere sua madre, poi la Signorina Ouchakoff. Tuttavia, fa conoscenza con una
donna molto colta, docente universitaria, la Signorina Danzas, che, dopo
essersi convertita al cattolicesimo, lo assiste con una grande dedizione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Esercita il suo apostolato in tre centri: Pietrogrado, Mosca e Saratov, che
riuniscono circa 200 fedeli, cui vanno aggiunti 200 altri che si sono dispersi
nell'immenso territorio russo; giudica che sono circa 2000 quelli che hanno
lasciato la Russia o sono morti. La Signorina Danzas scriverà di Padre Leonida:
«L'amore di Dio e la fervente fede dell'esarca si manifestavano particolarmente
attraverso il di lui modo di celebrare la Santa Liturgia. Soprattutto in questo
modo egli conquistava le anime. Come predicatore, non era sempre alla portata
del pubblico; era un teologo profondo, ed aveva talvolta difficoltà a mettersi
al livello dell'assistenza composta di gente semplice... Come confessore, era
eccezionale e tutti quelli che hanno avuto l'occasione di sottomergli casi di
coscienza hanno sempre conservato il commosso ricordo del modo in cui egli si
dava totalmente a questo ministero».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L'estate del 1921 è contrassegnata da una siccità eccezionale che, aggiunta
alla politica agraria del governo, porta con sè una spaventosa carestia, causa
della morte di circa cinque milioni di persone. La Santa Sede incarica Padre
Walsh, Gesuita, di organizzare i soccorsi che manda agli affamati tramite
un'associazione americana. In poche settimane, migliaia di Russi vengono
salvati, grazie alla generosità dei Cattolici di tutto il mondo. Padre Leonida
incontra il Gesuita e fra di loro nasce una profonda amicizia. Su consiglio
dell'esarca, Padre Walsh fornisce viveri al clero ortodosso, nelle regioni in
cui i sacerdoti soffrono la fame.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Lo smarrimento e la persecuzione dei Cristiani in Russia chiariscono loro
vigorosamente i vantaggi di un'unione con il resto del mondo cristiano ed in
particolare con il Sommo Pontefice. Proteste comuni, firmate da prelati
ortodossi e cattolici, cosa che non si era mai riscontrata nella storia della
Russia, vengono indirizzate al governo, per difendere gli interessi comuni.
Conferenze apologetiche comuni vengono progettate, in vista di lottare contro
la propaganda degli atei. Padre Fëdorov compone una breve preghiera che possa
esser recitata senza reticenze tanto dai Cattolici quanto dagli Ortodossi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma il governo intensifica le persecuzioni. Ai sacerdoti è vietato insegnare la
religione ai ragazzi minori di 18 anni. L'ateismo viene insegnato ufficialmente
nelle scuole. Con il pretesto di comprare viveri per nutrire gli affamati, le
autorità civili spogliano le chiese dei vasi sacri e oggetti preziosi.
All'inizio del febbraio 1923, Padre Fëdorov riceve l'ordine di recarsi a Mosca,
con altri ecclesiastici di Pietrogrado, per comparire davanti alla Suprema
Corte Rivoluzionaria. Lo si accusa di essersi opposto al decreto che spogliava
le chiese dei vasi sacri, di aver intrattenuto rapporti criminali con l'estero,
di aver insegnato la religione a minorenni ed infine di essersi impegnato nella
propaganda antirivoluzionaria.<br />
<br /><b>
Qualunque cosa dica la legge...</b><br />
<br />
Iniziato il 21 marzo, il processo dura cinque giorni. Il Procuratore non riesce
a nascondere l'astio che lo anima: «Sputo sulla vostra religione, come sputo su
tutte le religioni...». Rivolgendosi all'esarca, lo interroga: «Ubbidisci o no
al Governo sovietico? – Se il Governo sovietico mi chiede di agire contro la
mia coscienza, non ubbidisco. Per quanto concerne l'insegnamento del
catechismo, la dottrina della Chiesa cattolica esige che i bambini ricevano
un'istruzione religiosa, qualunque cosa dica la legge». Verso la fine del
processo, il Procuratore dichiara: «Fëdorov è all'origine delle riunioni con il
clero ortodosso... Deve esser giudicato non solo per quel che ha fatto, ma per
quello che può ancora fare», e richiede la pena di morte. Due avvocati sono
autorizzati a difendere i sacerdoti di rito latino. L'esarca, per quanto lo
concerne, espone personalmente la propria difesa. Dimostra abilmente come tutto
il processo non sia altro che una commedia già preparata, ma lo fa senza
acredine, come un uomo la cui posizione è talmente salda, che non ha alcun
bisogno di difendersi. Alla fine, afferma: «Il desiderio del mio animo è quello
che la nostra Patria riesca a capire che la fede cristiana e la Chiesa
cattolica non sono un'organizzazione politica, ma una comunità d'amore». La
sentenza viene emessa: l'esarca è condannato a dieci anni di reclusione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Padre Leonida approfitta della reclusione per redigere due catechismi in russo.
«Posso attestare, scriverà la Signorina Danzas, dopo aver reso visita
all'esarca, che il suo atteggiamento era ancora più calmo e più lieto del
solito. Mi diceva che non si era mai sentito tanto felice. Padre Leonida
mantiene, dalla prigione, una fitta corrispondenza con i fedeli. Si preoccupa
di intrattenere i rapporti con gli Ortodossi: «Qui, scrive, ci sono due vescovi
e circa venti sacerdoti ortodossi. I nostri rapporti sono ottimi». Verso la
metà di settembre nello stesso anno 1923, Padre Leonida viene trasferito in
un'altra prigione, dove il regime è molto più severo. Lì, è sottoposto ad una
segregazione cellulare totale. Nell'aprile del 1926, una generosa ed energica
signora, membro della Croce Rossa, ottiene la liberazione del prigioniero. Ma,
nel corso del mese di giugno, egli viene nuovamente arrestato, poi condannato a
tre anni di deportazione nelle isole Solovki, nel Mar Bianco (Grande Nord della
Russia europea).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le isole dell'arcipelago Solovki, dove il clima è molto freddo ed umido, sono
coperte di foreste. I Soviet hanno trasformato il monastero ortodosso, che
esisteva fin dal XV secolo, in un'immensa prigione. Padre Fëdorov ci arriva
verso la metà di ottobre del 1926. Tutte le mattine, i prigionieri vengono
condotti nelle foreste, per lavorarvi in qualità di boscaioli. I Cattolici di
rito bizantino hanno ottenuto la facoltà di pregare, utilizzando un'antica
cappella, a trenta minuti di strada dall'ex monastero. A partire dall'estate
1927, il Santo Sacrificio vi è celebrato la domenica, nel rito latino e nel
rito bizantino, in alternanza.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un sacerdote scriverà dell'esarca: «Quando potevamo beneficiare di un po' di
riposo nei nostri lavori forzati, ci piaceva raggrupparci intorno a lui; ci
attirava... Si distingueva per una cortesia ed una semplicità eccezionali... Se
notava che uno o l'altro di noi attraversava un periodo di depressione, lo
aiutava a riprendersi, risvegliando in lui la speranza di tempi migliori. Se
per caso riceveva da fuori un soccorso d'ordine materiale, aveva l'abitudine di
dividerlo con gli altri».<br />
<br /><b>
In terra russa, per la Russia</b><br />
<br />
Ma, all'inizio del novembre 1928, la cappella viene chiusa ed una perquisizione
confisca tutto quello che può servire al culto. «Chiesi allora all'esarca,
riferirà un sacerdote, se bisognasse continuare a celebrare il Santo Ufficio
sotto la minaccia di penose sanzioni. Mi rispose allora con le seguenti
memorabili parole: «Non dimentichi che le Liturgie Divine che celebriamo a
Solovki sono forse le sole che celebrano sacerdoti cattolici di rito russo in terra
russa per la Russia. Bisogna far di tutto perchè almeno una liturgia venga
celebrata ogni giorno»». Nella primavera del 1929, lo stato di salute
dell'esarca si deteriora considerevolmente ed egli viene ricoverato presso
l'ospedale del campo. Alla fine dell'estate, si conclude il periodo dei tre
anni di campo di concentramento, ma egli deve rimanere in esilio per altri tre
anni. Passerà gli ultimi anni di vita presso agricoltori del Grande Nord. Nel
gennaio del 1934, si stabilirà in una città a 400 km. più a sud, presso un
ferroviere. All'inizio del febbraio 1935, è spossato e oppresso da una continua
tosse; il 7 marzo, esala l'ultimo respiro.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Come il beato Leonida Fëdorov, abbiamo a cuore l'unità dei Cristiani e seguiamo
le esortazioni del Concilio Vaticano II: «Che tutti i fedeli si ricordino che
favoriranno l'unione dei Cristiani, ed anzi che la realizzeranno, per quanto si
applicheranno a vivere più puramente secondo il Vangelo. Quanto più stretta,
infatti, sarà la loro comunione con il Padre, il Verbo e lo Spirito Santo,
tanto più essi potranno rendere intima e facile la mutua fratellanza... Questa
conversione del cuore e questa santità di vita, come pure le preghiere
pubbliche e private per l'unità dei Cristiani, devono esser considerate come
l'anima di tutto l'ecumenismo e possono a giusto titolo essere chiamate
ecumenismo spirituale» (Unitatis redintegratio, 7-8).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Dom Antoine Marie osb<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fonte Lettera mensile dell'abbazia Saint-Joseph, F.
21150 Flavigny- Francia - <a href="http://www.clairval.com/">www.clairval.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92946">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92946</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Martiri Greco-Cattolici
Ucraini<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>(†1959)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">BEATIFICAZIONE:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 27 giugno 2001<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- Papa Giovanni
Paolo II<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/celebrazioni/beatificazioni/2001/06/27.html"> Celebrazione</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">RICORRENZA:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 2 aprile<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola Čarneckyj
(1884-1959), Vescovo di Lviv, che svolse il suo ministero di esarca
apostolico di Volyn’ e Pidljashja in tempo di persecuzione contro la fede e,
seguendo come pastore fedele le orme di Cristo, per sua grazia raggiunse il
regno celeste; e 24 compagni, martiri<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Nessuno ha un amore più grande di questo: dare
la vita per i propri amici (Gv 15,13)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola Čarneckyj, nacque
il 14 dicembre 1884 in Semakivtsi (Ucraina Occidentale). Nel 1903 entrò nel
Seminario di Stanislaviv. Negli anni 1903-1910 fu alunno del Collegio Ucraino a
Roma, coronando gli studi con il dottorato in teologia. Ordinato sacerdote nel
1909, insegnò nel seminario di Stanislaviv, dove era anche padre spirituale.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel 1919 entrò nella
Congregazione dei Missionari Redentoristi. Nel 1926 fu nominato Visitatore
Apostolico per i greco-cattolici in Volyn, dove le strutture della Chiesa
greco-cattolica furono distrutte dal regime zarista nel XIX secolo. Nel 1931 fu
nominato Ordinario dei cattolici di rito bizantino-slavo in Polonia e fu ordinato
Vescovo l'8 febbraio 1931 a Roma. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fu arrestato l'11 aprile
a Lviv dagli agenti del KGB, insieme a tutti i Vescovi greco-cattolici.
Condannato inizialmente a cinque anni di lavori forzati, passò undici anni
nelle carceri. Subì continue torture ed umiliazioni. Accettava tutto questo e
sopportava con eroica pazienza e serenità, pregando per i persecutori e
confortando i suoi compagni di lager, per i quali era veramente un buon
pastore. Nel 1956 fu scarcerato e riportato a Lviv ormai moribondo. Ripresosi
continuò il suo ministero vescovile a Lviv: dal suo letto dirigeva la Chiesa
nelle catacombe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il Servo di Dio morì a
Lviv il 2 aprile 1959. Sin dall'inizio fu ritenuto dai fedeli ucraini un santo
vescovo e un martire della fede cattolica. Ogni giorno molti fedeli pregano
sulla sua tomba.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/mykola-carneckyj-e-24-compagni.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/mykola-carneckyj-e-24-compagni.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Den salige Leonid Fëdorov
(1879-1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Minnedag: <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/minnedager/?date=2024-04-02">2.
april</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Den salige Leonid Fëdorov
[Feodorov] ble født den 4. november 1879 i en russisk-ortodoks familie i St.
Petersburg i Russland. Hans far døde mens han var svært ung og han ble oppdratt
av moren Lioubova Dimitrievna. Han begynte i 1901 på et ortodokst seminar i St.
Petersburg. Men i 1902 forlot han seminaret og reiste til Roma, hvor han ble
katolikk. Deretter studerte han i Anagni, Roma og Freiburg. Kontakt med
metropolitt Andreas Septyckyj [Sheptytsky] (Andrij), som ledet den
ukrainsk-katolske Kirke fra 1901 til sin død i 1944, hadde stor innflytelse på
Leonids åndelige utvikling.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Han assisterte ved
kroningen av den hellige pave <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/pius10">Pius X</a> (1903-14)
den 9. august 1903. Han tok doktorgraden i filosofi i 1905 og en grad i teologi
i 1907. Han ble diakonviet den 22. mars 1911, og den 25. mars ble han
presteviet i Bosnia etter østlig ritus. Den 20. mai 1912 påbegynte han
novisiatet som munk i Bosnia i et kloster hos studittene (Monachi e Regula
Studitarum [Monaca Studiti Ucraini] – MSU), en av de tre tradisjonelle
bysantinske (gresk-katolske; «unerte») munkeordenene ved siden av basilianerne
og redemptoristene av bysantinsk ritus. Han ble ikledd drakten den 12. februar
1913 og tok ordensnavnet p. Leontios.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Senere vendte han tilbake
til St. Petersburg. I forbindelse med utbruddet av Første verdenskrig ble han
arrestert av tsarregimet fordi han var katolikk og sendt til Tobolsk i Sibir. I
1917 ble han løslatt etter et amnesti for politiske og religiøse fanger. Han
vendte tilbake til St. Petersburg og ble utnevnt til leder for den russiske
katolske Kirken av østlig ritus med tittel av eksark (apostolisk vikar).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Senere i 1917 overtok
bolsjevikene makten, noe som betydde forfølgelser av Kirken og de kristne. Alle
kirker ble beordret stengt den 5. desember 1922. P. Leontios ble arrestert for
andre gang, nå av bolsjevikene, sammen med 14 andre prester i januar 1923. Han
ble sendt til Moskva for rettssak og ble dømt til ti års fengsel.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Han ble løslatt i 1926 og
flyttet til Kaluga. Men han ble arrestert på nytt for å spre troen, og han ble
dømt til ti års fengsel. Fra 1926 til 1929 sonet han i Solovki (Solovetsky), et
kloster som var omgjort til fengsel. Der fortsatte han å gjøre tjeneste for de
troende, feiret hemmelige messer og brukte vin laget av rosiner som var sendt
av fangenes familiemedlemmer. Den 6. august 1929 ble han overført til
tvangsarbeidsleiren Pinieza (Pinega), hvor han ble innkvartert sammen med en
fengslet ortodoks prest. Etter arbeidet holdt han katekesetimer for lokale
gutter.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Han ble senere overført
til Arkhangelsk, Kotlas og Poltava. De elendige forholdene og kontinuerlig
overarbeid hadde brutt ned hans helse, og i 1932 ble han erklært som invalid.
Han fullførte soningen i 1933, men han ble utestengt fra mange russiske byer,
og han måtte leve i eksil resten av livet.. Han døde som martyr for sin tros
skyld den 7. mars 1935 og ble gravlagt i Viatka. Med hjelp fra metropolitt
Andreas ble hans saligkåringsprosess åpnet i 1937.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Den 24. april 2001 ble
dekretet som anerkjente hans og 24 ukraineres martyrium (gruppen den
salige <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/ukraina">Nikolas
Carneckyj og hans 24 ledsagere</a>) promulgert i Vatikanet av
Helligkåringskongregasjonen i nærvær av pave Johannes Paul II (1978-2005).
Dermed fikk de tittelen Venerabilis, «Ærverdige», og veien til saligkåring
var åpnet. Gruppen består av åtte biskoper, seks sekularprester, syv
ordensprester, tre ordenssøstre og en legmann.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">De ble saligkåret den 27.
juni 2001 av pave Johannes Paul II under hans besøk i Ukraina. Deres minnedag
er 2. april, Nikolas Carneckyjs dødsdag. Samtidig ble to andre gresk-katolske
ukrainere, en rutensk biskop og to latinske katolikker også saligkåret. Leonid
var den første russeren som ble saligkåret av pave Johannes Paul II
(1978-2005).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/kilder">Kilder</a>: Patron
Saints SQPN, papalvisit.org.ua, vatican.va, EWTN/OR - Kompilasjon og
oversettelse: p. <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/innenriks/peodden">Per Einar Odden</a> -
Sist oppdatert: 2005-07-04 23:39<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/lfedorov">http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/lfedorov</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>El beato Leoniv Feodorov:
primer católico ruso víctima del comunismo soviético</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.quenotelacuenten.org/2019/06/15/el-beato-leoniv-feodorov-primer-catolico-ruso-victima-del-comunismo-sovietico/" title="3:50 pm"> junio 15, 2019</a> <a href="https://www.quenotelacuenten.org/author/javieroliveraravasigmail-com/" title="Que No Te La Cuenten">Que No Te La Cuenten</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Por Mª Jesús Echevarria
para <a href="http://quenotelacuenten.org/" target="_blank">Que no te la
cuenten</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Contexto histórico</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La historia del Exarca
Greco-Católico de Moscú y la del Metropolitano Ortodoxo de Petrogrado,
Benjamín, convergieron en un punto, ambos fueron juzgados por un tribunal, en
años consecutivos y por el mismo delito.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1921 comenzó la
primera gran hambruna en Rusia, que no fue provocada sino que tuvo su origen en
las malas cosechas y el desastre de las continuas guerras por el poder, y que
llevaron a los bolcheviques al control de lo que había sido el Imperio Ruso.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La hambruna se llevó un
millón de vidas y entonces el gobierno, liderado por Lenin, se asustó de verdad
ante lo que les venía encima hasta el punto que pidió ayuda externa, que se le
envió desde varios países y la Cruz Roja hizo acto de presencia en Rusia. Como
consecuencia de esto los comités políticos de las distintas ciudades pidieron
ayuda a las iglesias para que contribuyeran con los “tesoros” acumulados en los
templos. La respuesta, tanto de católicos como de ortodoxos, fue que
contribuirían con todo aquello que pudieran vender que no estuviera dedicado al
culto, como los cálices y otros objetos similares. Por otro lado las iglesias
se negaron a que los comités revolucionarios entraran en los templos sin
control y se lo llevaran todo y se ofrecieron a entregar ellos mismos los
objetos, e incluso en algunos casos, los mismos feligreses estuvieron
dispuestos a contribuir con cuanto de valor tuvieren para evitar la venta de
objetos sagrados. La respuesta no gustó y esa fue la causa de ambos juicios, la
del Metropolitano de Petrogrado Veniamin (segunda autoridad de la Iglesia
Ortodoxa después del Patriarca Tikhon de Moscú), y la del Exarca Greco-Católico
de Moscú Leoniv (Leónidas) Feodorov, ambos acusados de
“contrarrevolucionarios”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El Metropolitano Veniamin
(Benjamín) fue juzgado por los tribunales revolucionarios de Petrogrado
mientras que el Exarca católico lo fue por el fiscal Krylov en Moscú, juez del
llamado Tribunal del Pueblo. Hay constancia de ambos juicios porque fueron
abiertos y asistieron periodistas y extranjeros que todavía permanecían en
Moscú. El hecho de que se conserven relatos periodísticos y testigos del juicio
permitió abrir la causa de beatificación de Leoniv Feodorov. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El Metropolitano de
Petrogrado fue condenado a muerte junto con varias personas más, entre ellos
sacerdotes ortodoxos y un abogado (ignoro si fue el mismo que asumió su defensa
en el juicio). Antes de su fusilamiento fueron rapados y vestidos con ropas no eclesiásticas
y muy pobres para que el pelotón de fusilamiento no se diera cuenta de que
estaban fusilando a miembros de la Iglesia, no fuera que tal cosa
supusiera problemas ya que en aquel momento los bolcheviques no podían saber a
ciencia cierta la adhesión de muchos de sus camaradas a la Iglesia Ortodoxa.
Sus cuerpos fueron cremados y sus cenizas arrojadas al río Neva. La Iglesia
Ortodoxa Rusa ha canonizado a San Benjamín de Petrogrado.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La conversión de un
ortodoxo</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leoniv Feoderov nace
el 4 de noviembre de 1879, en el seno de una familia ortodoxa. Su padre fallece
prematuramente, y su viuda continúa regentando sola un restaurante en San
Petersburgo. Leónidas es un adolescente cariñoso y delicado, y su madre no
escatima esfuerzos a la hora de iniciarlo en la piedad cristiana. De carácter
independiente e idealista, el joven lee con fruición a los autores franceses,
italianos o alemanes. La lectura de obras de filosofía hindú, le mueven a la
siguiente reflexión: «¿Para qué esta vida sin valor? ¿Para qué la actividad,
la agitación, los impulsos generosos y el esfuerzo? ¿Acaso no es
preferible el reposo perpetuo del nirvana, donde toda aspiración se apaga,
donde se establece el apaciguamiento eterno del aniquilamiento?». Pero esas
disposiciones del espíritu son pasajeras. Bajo la influencia de un sacerdote
ortodoxo que sabe conjugar virtud y ciencia con un gran talento pedagógico, el
alma del joven queda pacificada y, al terminar sus estudios secundarios, que
aprueba con brillantez, ingresa en la Academia Eclesiástica, escuela superior
de teología.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Entre los clientes del
restaurante de su madre está nada menos que el teólogo Vladimir Sóloviev que
predica un cristianismo integral y el retorno a la unión de la Iglesia Rusa y
el Papado. Bajo su influencia Leónidas escribe: «Ya tenía veinte años
cuando, mediante la lectura de los Padres de las Iglesia y de la Historia,
acabé descubriendo a la verdadera Iglesia Universal». Sin embargo, la
legislación rusa hace prácticamente imposible que un ortodoxo pueda pasarse al
catolicismo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Iglesia Católica en
Rusia se considera una “iglesia de polacos y para polacos”, no hay opción para
los rusos que, al separarse de la iglesia oficial, quedan desgajados de su
propia nacionalidad.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En su búsqueda de la
verdad, Leónidas se entrevista con el rector de la principal iglesia católica
de San Petersburgo, decidiendo después hacerse católico y, para ello, marcharse
al extranjero. El 19 de junio de 1902, parte para Italia. En Lvov, antigua
Galitzia del Imperio Austrohúngaro, visita al metropolita católico de rito
oriental, Andrei Sheptytskyi, quien le entrega una recomendación
dirigida al Papa León XIII.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Leónidas llega a Roma a
lo largo de julio de 1902 y, el día 31, festividad de San Ignacio de Loyola,
realiza su profesión de fe católica en la iglesia del Sacro Nome di Gesù (Santo
Nombre de Jesús), regentada por los jesuitas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Acude al Seminario de
Agnani a 50 Km. de Roma, donde estudia Filosofía durante tres años consiguiendo
el grado de doctor y comenzado sus estudios de Teología. Durante este
tiempo se da cuenta de que, para los católicos occidentales, solo existe
el rito latino y de su desconocimiento del catolicismo oriental:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Se me abrieron los ojos
ante la desigualdad que reina en la Iglesia Católica entre los diferentes
ritos, y mi alma se sublevó contra la injusticia de los latinos con
respecto a los orientales y contra la ignorancia general de la cultura
espiritual oriental» y, más tarde: «Meditando sobre las instrucciones del
metropolita Sheptytskyi, me di cuenta de que, como católico, mi verdadero deber
consistía en permanecer inquebrantablemente fiel al rito y a las tradiciones
religiosas rusas. El Sumo Pontífice así lo deseaba claramente».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sin embargo sigue
interesado por todas las aportaciones de la Iglesia de Occidente.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1907, un decreto
pontificio concede a Leónidas el reconocimiento oficial de su pertenencia al rito
bizantino. Ese decreto del Papa san Pío X significaba un cambio de rumbo en la
actividad apostólica de la Iglesia Católica en Rusia, ya que los católicos
rusos podían en adelante ser reconocidos oficialmente por Roma, aunque
conservando su propio rito, el rito bizantino ruso. En junio de 1907, cuando
Leónidas solicita la prórroga de su pasaporte, el gobierno ruso responde: «Si
Leóniv Feodorov no abandona inmediatamente una institución dirigida por los
jesuitas, el regreso a Rusia le será prohibido para siempre». Leónidas deja
Anagni para ingresar en el Colegio de la Propaganda, en la misma Roma. En
adelante se encuentra en un medio muy cosmopolita que le permite conocer de
primera mano la universalidad de la Iglesia Católica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A finales del curso
escolar 1907-1908, a instancias de nuevo del gobierno ruso, Leónidas debe
abandonar Roma, dirigiéndose de incógnito a la ciudad suiza de Friburgo, a fin
de concluir sus estudios. Durante el verano de 1909, regresa a San Petersburgo,
donde se reencuentra emocionado con su madre, que también ha profesado la fe
católica. En esa misma época, el metropolitano Sheptytskyi solicita y obtiene
del Papa San Pío X una verdadera jurisdicción sobre los greco-católicos de
Rusia, que de ese modo ya no estarán sometidos a obispos polacos de rito
latino.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sacerdote de la Iglesia
greco-católica</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 26 de marzo de 1911
Leónidas es ordenado sacerdote. A pesar de su inclinación a la vida monástica,
y en razón de los graves acontecimientos que llevan a Rusia a la Gran Guerra,
en 1914 vuelve a San Petersburgo, convertida en Petrogrado, y se encuentra con
la sorpresa de que el gobierno le exilia a Tobolks porque lo relacionan con los
enemigos de Rusia. Después de la abdicación del Zar, y debido a una amnistía,
tanto él como el Metropolitano Sheptytskyi, que estaba en el exilio, vuelven a
su actividad y el Metropolitano le nombra Exarca, con autoridad sobre los
católicos de Rusia, pero su intento de nombrarlo arzobispo es rechazado por él.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Triunfa la Revolución
Bolchevique y la situación de las iglesias se va haciendo cada vez más difícil.
El padre Leónidas escribe lo siguiente a un amigo:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Considero un milagro de
la bondad divina el hecho de que me encuentre todavía con vida y de que nuestra
iglesia siga existiendo. Gran número de nuestros católicos rusos han muerto de
inanición y, los que quedan, se han dispersado por todas partes para librarse
del frío y del hambre». <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ejerce su apostolado en
tres centros: Petrogrado, Moscú y Sarátov, reuniendo alrededor de 200 fieles, a
los que hay que añadir otros 200 que se habían dispersado en la inmensidad del
territorio ruso; calcula que son unos 2.000 los que han abandonado Rusia o han
muerto. El testimonio de una feligresa dice:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«El amor a Dios y la
ferviente fe del exarca se manifestaban con creces en su manera de
celebrar la Sagrada Liturgia. Conseguía sobre todo ganarse las almas de ese
modo. Como predicador, no siempre se hallaba al alcance de los oyentes; era un
profundo teólogo y, a veces, tenía dificultades para ponerse al nivel de un
auditorio de gente sencilla. Como confesor, resultaba admirable, y todos los
que tuvieron ocasión de exponerle el estado de sus conciencias han conservado
siempre un recuerdo emocionado de la manera en que se entregaba por completo a
ese ministerio».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Y así llegamos al año
fatídico de 1921, cuando la hambruna se apoderó de Rusia y las iglesias
llegaron a la situación descrita en el capítulo 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A principios de febrero
de 1923, el padre Feodorov recibe la orden de dirigirse a Moscú, en compañía de
otros eclesiásticos de Petrogrado, para comparecer ante al Alto Tribunal
Revolucionario. Se le acusa de resistirse al decreto que despoja a las
iglesias de sus vasos sagrados, de haber mantenido relaciones criminales
con el extranjero, de haber enseñado la religión a menores y, finalmente, de
haberse entregado a la propaganda contrarrevolucionaria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>El Juicio Cieplak </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En la primavera de 1923,
el exarca Leonid, el arzobispo Cieplak, monseñor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanty_Budkiewicz">Konstanty Budkiewicz</a> ,
y otros catorce sacerdotes católicos y un laico fueron citados en
el juicio de Moscú ante el tribunal revolucionario por actividades
contrarrevolucionarias.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Testimonio del padre
Christopher L. Zugger:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Los bolcheviques ya
habían orquestado varias » pruebas
espectáculo «. La Cheka había organizado la ‘Prueba de la
Organización de Combate de San Petersburgo’; su sucesor, el nuevo GPU ,
el ‘ Juicio de los socialistas revolucionarios ‘. En estas y
otras tales farsas, los acusados fueron inevitablemente sentenciados a
muerte o a largas penas de prisión en el norte. El juicio de Cieplak
es un excelente ejemplo de la justicia revolucionaria bolchevique en este
momento. Los procedimientos judiciales normales no restringían en absoluto
los tribunales revolucionarios; de hecho, el fiscal N.V.
Krylenko , declaró que los tribunales podían pisotear los derechos de las
clases distintas del proletariado. Las apelaciones de los tribunales
no fueron dirigidas a un tribunal superior, sino a los comités
políticos. Los observadores occidentales encontraron el escenario, el gran
salón de baile de un antiguo Club de Nobles, con querubines pintados en
el techo, particularmente inadecuado para un evento tan solemne. Ni a los
jueces ni a los fiscales se les exigía tener un formación legal, solo una
apropiada «revolucionaria». El hecho de que los jueces ignoraran las
prominentes señales de «No Fumar» no era buena señal con respecto al
cumplimiento de las legalidades».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Testimonio de Francis
McCullagh del New York Herald:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Krylenko, quien comenzó
a hablar a las 6:10 PM, fue lo suficientemente moderado al principio, pero
rápidamente se lanzó a un ataque contra la religión en general y contra
la Iglesia Católica en particular. «La Iglesia Católica»,
declaró, «siempre ha explotado a las clases trabajadoras». Cuando exigió
la muerte del Arzobispo, dijo: «Toda la duplicidad jesuítica con
la que usted se ha defendido no lo salvará de la pena de muerte .
Ningún Papa en el Vaticano puede salvarlo». … A medida que avanzaba su
largo discurso, el Procurador Rojo se convirtió en una furia de odio
antirreligioso. «Tu religión», gritó, «la escupí, como lo hago en todas las
religiones, ortodoxa, judía, mahometana y todas las demás».» No hay
ley aquí sino ley soviética «, gritó en otra etapa,» y por esa ley
debes morir”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A diferencia de los otros
acusados, el exarca Leonid insistió en actuar como su propio abogado, lo que llevó
a algunos de los momentos más dramáticos del juicio. Según el padre
Zugger:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Vestido con
la sotana negra rusa tradicional , con su largo cabello y una
barba a menudo descrita como ‘como la de Cristo’, Feodorov era un hombre
del narod , del pueblo ruso común por el que había luchado la
Revolución. Su presencia puso en evidencia la mentira de la descripción
habitual del catolicismo como «la religión polaca». Su presentación, un
conmovedor testimonio de la espiritualidad rusa y la historia de la Iglesia en
ese país, evocó lo mejor de la cristiandad rusa. Señaló que los
greco-católicos saludaban a la Revolución con alegría, porque solo entonces
tenían igualdad. No había ninguna organización secreta, simplemente habían
seguido la ley de la Iglesia. La educación religiosa, la celebración de la
misa y la administración de los sacramentos del matrimonio y el bautismo debían
cumplirse. Señaló que la Iglesia, acusada de haber descuidado a los
hambrientos, en ese momento estaba alimentando a 120.000 niños diariamente. Tras
una mordaz respuesta de Krylenko, el Exarca Feodorov se levantó para sus
comentarios finales: «Nuestros corazones están llenos, no de odio, sino de
tristeza. No nos puede entender, no se nos permite la libertad de conciencia.
Esa es la única conclusión que podemos extraer de lo que hemos escuchado aquí
«. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La sentencia, preparada
de antemano, fue de muerte para el Arzobispo Cieplak y Monseñor Budkiewicz*
y el exarca Leonid y todos los demás acusados fueron sentenciados a diez
años de prisión.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sin embargo la presencia
de testigos internacionales formó un alboroto tal en el extranjero que después
de cumplir los primeros tres años de su sentencia en la prisión de
Butyrka en Moscú , el exarca Leonid fue trasladado al campo de
prisioneros de Solovki , ubicado en un antiguo monasterio isleño en
el Mar Blanco ** .<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 6 de agosto de 1929,
el exarca Leonid fue liberado en la ciudad de Pinega en
el Óblast de Arkhangelsk y se puso a trabajar haciendo
carbón. Después de continuar enseñando el Catecismo a niños
pequeños, fue trasladado a la aldea de Poltava, a 15 km
de Kotlas (que no debe confundirse con la ciudad
de Poltava , Ucrania ), donde completó su sentencia en
1932. Eligió residir en Kirov, Óblast de Kirov , donde, agotado por
los rigores de su encarcelamiento, murió el 7 de marzo de 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Por Mª Jesús Echevarria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">*Las sentencias a muerte
fueron revocadas por la presión internacional, o eso dijeron, y fue así en el
caso del Arzobispo Cieplak, que con el tiempo fue liberado- consultada la
Hemeroteca de Madrid-pero Monseñor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanty_Budkiewicz">Konstanty Budkiewicz</a> fue
ejecutado el 31 de marzo de aquel año de un tiro en la cabeza al bajar las
escaleras de la cárcel Lubianka, según testimonio del P. Frances Rutkowski
encarcelado con él. Su proceso de beatificación está abierto.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">**Primer asentamiento del
GULAG dónde también estuvo encerrado, y dónde murió, el filósofo ortodoxo Pável
Florenski.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.quenotelacuenten.org/2019/06/15/el-beato-leoniv-feodorov-primer-catolico-ruso-victima-del-comunismo-sovietico/">https://www.quenotelacuenten.org/2019/06/15/el-beato-leoniv-feodorov-primer-catolico-ruso-victima-del-comunismo-sovietico/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Breve biografía de los
veinticinco </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Siervos de Dios greco-católicos</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola Čarneckyj
(1884-1959)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Exarca apostólico de los ucranios de Volyn' y Pidljasja, de la Congregación del
Santísimo Redentor (1884-1959). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 14 de diciembre de 1884 en Semakivtsi (Ucrania occidental). Prosiguió
los estudios en Roma, ciudad en la que durante siete años frecuentó el Colegio
Ucraniano (se licenció en sagrada teología en 1910). Recibió la ordenación
sacerdotal en 1909; realizó su apostolado en la diócesis de Stanislaviv
(actualmente Ivano-Frankivsk, Ucrania). En 1919 entró en el noviciado de la
Congregación del Santísimo Redentor, y el 16 de diciembre de 1920 emitió la
profesión religiosa. Pío XII lo nombró obispo titular de Lebed y visitador
apostólico para los ucranios de la región de Volyn' y Pidljasja. El 8 de
febrero de 1931 fue ordenado obispo en Roma. Durante la primera ocupación
soviética de Ucrania occidental (1939-1941), el metropolita Septyckyj lo nombró
exarca apostólico para los ucranios de la misma región. Expulsado de Volyn' por
los comunistas en 1939, se estableció en Lvov. El 11 de abril de 1945 las
autoridades comunistas lo arrestaron junto con otros obispos de la Iglesia
greco-católica. Comenzaron enseguida las torturas, tanto físicas como morales.
Fue declarado culpable de colaboración "con el régimen nazi" y de ser
"agente del Vaticano". Lo condenaron a seis años de cárcel por la
primera acusación y a diez por la segunda. Cumplió la pena en diversos campos
de concentración siberianos. Las autoridades, convencidas de que moriría de un
momento a otro por su grave enfermedad, lo dejaron libre en 1956, al cabo de
once años de prisión. Murió el 2 de abril de 1959, a los 74 años de edad, en
Lvov.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gregorio Khomysyn</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo de Stanislaviv de los ucranios (1867-1945). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 25 de marzo de 1867 en Hadynkivtsi (región de Ternopol). Terminados
los estudios en el seminario de Lvov, se ordenó sacerdote el 18 de noviembre de
1893. En 1902 fue nombrado rector de dicho seminario y, dos años después, el 19
de junio de 1904, obispo de Stanislaviv. Los comunistas lo detuvieron por
primera vez en 1939 y, después, el 11 de abril de 1945. Falleció el 28 de
septiembre de ese mismo año en el hospital de la prisión de Lvov a causa de las
torturas que le infligieron durante los interrogatorios.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Josafat Kocylovskyj</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo de Przemysl de los ucranios, de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat
(1876-1947). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 3 de marzo de 1876 en Pakosivka (región de Sianok, Polonia). Estudió
en Roma y recibió la ordenación sacerdotal el 9 de octubre de 1907. Fue
vicerrector y profesor en el seminario de Stanislaviv. El 2 de octubre de 1911
ingresó en el noviciado de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat. El 23 de
septiembre de 1917 fue ordenado obispo de Przemysl. Las autoridades comunistas
lo arrestaron la primera vez el 17 de septiembre de 1945, y lo liberaron en
febrero del año siguiente. El 11 de febrero de 1946 ordenaron la deportación de
los ucranios residentes en Polonia. El 26 de junio de 1946 lo arrestaron otra
vez y lo llevaron a los calabozos de Kiev, donde enfermó gravemente. Después lo
trasladaron al campo de concentración de Capaivca (Kiev), en el que rechazó la
propuesta de pasar a la Iglesia ortodoxa. Murió allí, a los 71 años, el 17 de
noviembre de 1947.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Simeón Lukac</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo de la Iglesia greco-católica ucraniana "clandestina" (1893-1964).
Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 7 de julio de 1893 en Starunya (región de Stanislaviv). Ordenado
sacerdote en 1919, desde 1920 hasta 1945 enseñó en el seminario de Stanislaviv.
Entre marzo y abril de 1945, previéndose el arresto inminente de toda la
jerarquía greco-católica ucraniana, fue ordenado secretamente obispo. El 26 de
octubre de 1949 fue detenido y condenado a diez años de cárcel en el campo de
concentración de Krasnoyarsk, en Siberia, por ser "fiel al Vaticano y
obispo ilegal". Liberado en 1955, fue detenido otra vez por su actividad
pastoral clandestina. En 1962 lo condenaron a cinco años de trabajos forzados.
En marzo de 1964, ya moribundo, fue puesto en libertad. Murió el 22 de agosto
de ese año; tenía 71 años.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Basilio Velyckovskyj</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo de la Iglesia greco-católica ucraniana "clandestina", de la
Congregación del Santísimo Redentor (1903-1973). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 1 de junio de 1903 en Stanislaviv (actualmente Ivano-Frankvisk). En el
mes de agosto de 1925 entró en el noviciado de la Congregación del Santísimo
Redentor y, poco después, fue ordenado sacerdote. Durante siete años fue
misionero en la región de Volyn'; en 1942 fue nombrado superior en Ternopol. El
11 de abril de 1945 fue arrestado y condenado a diez años de detención en el
campo de concentración de Vorkuta, en Siberia. Liberado en 1955, volvió a Lvov,
donde en 1959 fue nombrado clandestinamente obispo. Debido a la dura
persecución, no pudo ser ordenado hasta 1963. Volvieron a arrestarlo por el
delito de "organizar estudios teológicos secretos en Ternopol"; lo
condenaron a tres años de exilio. El 27 de enero de 1972, antes de liberarlo,
le inyectaron una sustancia "desconocida".Falleció a los 69 años, en
Winnipeg (Canadá), el 30 de junio de 1973.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Iván Slezyuk</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo de la Iglesia greco-católica ucraniana "clandestina"
(1896-1973). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 14 de enero de 1896 en Zhyvachiv (región de Stanislaviv). Recién
ordenado sacerdote, enseñó el catecismo en las escuelas de Stanislaviv. Entre
marzo y abril de 1945, previéndose el arresto inminente de toda la jerarquía
greco-católica ucraniana, fue ordenado clandestinamente obispo. La policía lo
detuvo en junio de 1945; fue condenado a diez años de cárcel. Liberado el 15 de
noviembre de 1954, prosiguió su servicio pastoral hasta el 22 de octubre de 1962,
año en que de nuevo fue condenado a cinco años de detención por
"organización de la actividad religiosa ilegal de los sacerdotes
greco-católicos". Excarcelado en 1968, reanudó su actividad clandestina a
pesar de los continuos interrogatorios por parte de las autoridades comunistas
de Stanislaviv. El 2 de diciembre de 1973, al final de un interrogatorio en los
calabozos de dicha ciudad, se sintió mal y falleció. Tenía 77 años.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykyta Budka</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo auxiliar de Lvov de los ucranios, primer obispo de los católicos
ucranianos de Canadá (1877-1949). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 7 de junio de 1877 en Dobromirka (situada en la región occidental de
Ucrania). Recibió la ordenación sacerdotal el 10 de octubre de 1905 e
inmediatamente inició su ministerio como prefecto del seminario de Lvov. El 14
de octubre de 1912 fue nombrado primer obispo de los católicos ucranianos
residentes en Canadá. En 1928 volvió a Lvov, donde fue nombrado protosincello y
canónigo de la catedral de San Jorge. El 11 de abril de 1945, juntamente con
los demás obispos de la Iglesia greco-católica, fue arrestado y condenado a
ocho años de trabajos forzados en Siberia. Murió el 28 de septiembre de 1949, a
los 72 años, en el hospital del campo de concentración de Karadzar (República
de Kazajstán).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gregorio Lakota</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Obispo auxiliar de Przemysl de los ucranios (1883-1950). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 31 de enero de 1883 en Holodivka, actualmente Zadnistriany (región de
Lvov). Fue ordenado sacerdote el 30 de junio de 1908; desempeñó su ministerio
pastoral en la diócesis de Przemysl (Polonia). Terminados los estudios en
Viena, ejerció la docencia desde 1913 hasta 1918, año en que fue elegido rector
del seminario de Przemysl. El 6 de mayo de 1926 fue consagrado obispo auxiliar
de Przemysl. Ese mismo mes las autoridades lo deportaron a Ucrania. Se le
infligió una pena de diez años de cárcel en el campo de concentración de Abez,
en las cercanías de Vorkuta (Siberia). Falleció allí el 5 de noviembre de 1950.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Leonidas Fëdorov</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Exarca de los católicos rusos de rito bizantino y sacerdote de los Monjes
Estuditas (1879-1935). Mártir</b><br />
<br />
Nació en un hogar ruso ortodoxo, en San Petersburgo (Rusia), el 4 de noviembre
de 1879. En 1902 dejó el seminario ortodoxo y viajó a Roma, donde entró en la
Iglesia católica. Estudió en Roma, Anagni y Friburgo, y el 25 de marzo de 1911
fue ordenado sacerdote de rito oriental en Bosnia, donde en 1913 ingresó en los
Monjes Estuditas. Regresó a San Petersburgo, ciudad en la que fue arrestado y
deportado a Siberia. En 1917, después de recuperar la libertad, fue nombrado
exarca de la Iglesia católica rusa de rito oriental. Su segundo arresto tuvo
lugar en 1923; lo internaron durante diez años en el campo de concentración de
las islas Solovski y en Vjadka. Entregó su alma a Dios el 7 de marzo de 1934.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola Konrad</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote de la archieparquía de Lvov de los ucranios (1876-1941). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 16 de mayo de 1876 en Strusiv (región de Ternopol). Licenciado en
filosofía y teología, realizó estudios de posgrado en filosofía en la Academia
de Santo Tomás de Aquino. Recibió la ordenación sacerdotal en 1899; incardinado
en la archieparquía de Lvov. Enseñó religión en escuelas ucranianas y húngaras,
y fue párroco en Stradch. Al retirarse las tropas soviéticas durante la segunda
guerra mundial, fue fusilado junto con el laico Vladimiro Pryjma en el bosque
de Birok, en los alrededores de Stradch, el 26 de junio de
1941, mientras iba a casa de una mujer enferma para administrarle los
sacramentos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Andrés Iscak</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote de la archieparquía de Lvov de los ucranios (1887-1941). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 23 de octubre de 1887 en Mykolaiv (región de Lvov). Después de
realizar sus estudios de filosofía y teología en Innsbruck, fue ordenado
sacerdote en 1914, incardinado en la archieparquía de Lvov. Como primera labor
apostólica desempeñó el cargo de prefecto en el seminario de Lvov. Luego fue
profesor en la Academia teológica. En 1930 viajó a Roma para frecuentar el
Pontificio Instituto Oriental. Era párroco de Sykhiv (región de Lvov) cuando,
el 26 de junio de 1941, un pelotón de las tropas soviéticas, que estaban
escapando de la avanzada alemana, lo fusiló.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Román Lysko</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote de la archieparquía de Lvov de los ucranios (1914-1949). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 14 de agosto de 1914 en Horodok (Lvov). En 1938 se casó con Neonila
Huniovska. El 28 de agosto de 1941 fue ordenado sacerdote; desarrolló su
apostolado en la archieparquía de Lvov. Durante 1944 fue párroco de Belzets. Su
rechazo a pasarse a la Iglesia ortodoxa le costó la cárcel en Lvov, en la que
murió, a la edad de 35 años, por un "paro cardíaco", aunque algunos
prisioneros testimoniaron que fue golpeado brutalmente por sus carceleros.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mykola Cehelskyj</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote de la archieparquía de Lvov de los ucranios (1896-1951). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 17 de diciembre de 1896 en Strusiv (región de Ternopol). El 31 de agosto
de 1924 se casó con Josefa Sartych, con la que tuvo cuatro hijos. Se ordenó
sacerdote el 5 de abril de 1925, incardinándose en la archieparquía de Lvov.
Las autoridades lo arrestaron el 28 de octubre de 1946, y lo condenaron a diez
años de trabajos forzados en el campo de concentración de Javas (Mordovia),
donde falleció a los 55 años, el 25 de mayo de 1951.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pedro Verhun</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote de la archieparquía de Lvov de los ucranios y visitador apostólico
para los católicos ucranianos residentes en Alemania (1890-1957). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 18 de noviembre de 1890 en Horodok (región de Lvov). Fue ordenado
sacerdote el 30 de octubre de 1927. Desempeñó su ministerio, al principio, como
responsable de los católicos ucranianos residentes en Alemania. En el año 1937
Pío XII le confirió el título de "monseñor", y el 23 de noviembre de
1940 lo nombró visitador apostólico para los católicos ucranianos residentes en
Alemania. En junio de 1945 los servicios secretos rusos lo detuvieron en
Berlín. Fue condenado a ocho años de trabajos forzados. Recuperó la libertad en
1952. Gravemente enfermo, murió en Angarsk (Krasnoyarsk, Siberia), el 7 de
febrero de 1957; tenía 67 años.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alejandro Zaryckyj</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote de la archieparquía de Lvov de los ucranios (1912-1963). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 17 de octubre de 1912 en Bilche (región de Lvov). Recibió la
ordenación sacerdotal en la archieparquía de Lvov el 7 de junio de 1936.Fue
párroco en Strutyn y en Zarvanytsia.El año 1948 las autoridades lo detuvieron
en Riasna Ruska (Lvov), ciudad adonde se había trasladado durante la segunda
guerra mundial. Lo condenaron a ocho años de exilio en Karaganda (Kazajstán).
Excarcelado el 10 de abril de 1956 gracias a una amnistía general, volvió
primero a Halychyna y después a Karaganda, con el propósito de organizar las
comunidades católicas clandestinas. El 9 de mayo de 1962 lo arrestaron de nuevo
y lo condenaron por "vagabundo" a dos años de cárcel. Tenía 51 años
cuando murió en el hospital del campo de concentración de Dolinka, el 30 de
octubre de 1963.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clemente Septyckyj</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote profeso de los Monjes Estuditas ucranianos y archimandrita del
monasterio de Univ (1869-1951). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 17 de noviembre de 1869 en Prylbychi (entonces Polonia y hoy Ucrania
occidental). Cursó sus estudios en la Universidad Jagellónica de Cracovia y en
Munich; fue embajador en el Parlamento de Viena y diputado en el Consejo de
Estado. En 1911 entró en el monasterio de San Teodoro Estudita. Fue ordenado
sacerdote el 28 de agosto de 1915 en Kryzhevtsi (Croacia). En 1926 ejerció el cargo
de superior del monasterio de Univ y, a partir de 1944, el de archimandrita de
los monjes de la Regla Estudita. Las autoridades lo detuvieron el 5 de junio de
1947 y, a pesar de su edad avanzada -había cumplido 77 años-, lo condenaron a
ocho años de cárcel por desarrollar "actividades antisoviéticas y
colaboracionistas con el Vaticano, poder extranjero". El 1 de mayo de
1951, expiró en la prisión de la ciudad rusa de Vladimir.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Severiano Baranyk</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote profeso de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat (1889-1941). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 18 de julio de 1889. El 24 de septiembre de 1905 ingresó en el
noviciado, y el 16 de mayo de 1907 hizo la primera profesión en la Orden
Basiliana de San Josafat. Recibió la ordenación sacerdotal el 14 de febrero de
1915. Se dedicó a la actividad pastoral en Zhovka, y a continuación fue
superior del monasterio de Drohobych. En 1939 llegaron las tropas soviéticas,
pero Severiano permaneció junto a su grey. Los agentes del servicio secreto
soviético lo arrestaron el 26 de junio de 1941 y lo enviaron a la cárcel de la
ciudad. Cuando llegaron las tropas alemanas, se encontraron con que los presos
habían sido asesinados. El cuerpo de Severiano no fue hallado. Se supone que
murió entre el 27 y el 28 de junio de 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Joaquín Senkivskyj</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote profeso de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat (1896-1941). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 2 de julio de 1896 en Hay Velyki (región de Ternopol). Se ordenó
sacerdote el 4 de diciembre de 1921; el 10 de julio de 1923 entró en el
noviciado de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat. Ejerció el ministerio pastoral
en Krasnopuscha (1925-1927) y la docencia en Lavriv (1927-1931). En 1932 se
trasladó al monasterio de Lvov, y en 1939 al de Drohobych. Como Severiano
Baranyk, fue arrestado el 26 de junio de 1941 y encarcelado en la prisión de la
ciudad. Hallaron su cuerpo hinchado y amoratado. Falleció entre el 27 y el 28
de junio de 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cenobio Kovalyk</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote profeso de la Congregación del Santísimo Redentor (1903-1941). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 18 de agosto de 1903 en Ivachiv Horisnyj (región de Ternopol). Hizo su
profesión el 28 de agosto de 1926 en la Congregación del Santísimo Redentor, y
el 9 de agosto de 1932 fue ordenado sacerdote. Los soviéticos lo arrestaron en
la madrugada entre el 20 y el 21 de diciembre de 1940, y lo encarcelaron en la
prisión de "Bryghidki", en Lvov. Ante la avanzada alemana, los
soviéticos, al retirarse de la ciudad, mataron a los presos. El cuerpo sin vida
de Cenobio fue hallado a fines de junio en uno de los calabozos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vidal Bajrak</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote profeso de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat (1907-1946). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 24 de febrero de 1907 en Shaikivtsi (región de Ternopol). El 4 de
septiembre de 1922 entró en el noviciado de la Orden Basiliana de San Josafat,
y el 9 de mayo de 1926 emitió la primera profesión, tomando el nombre de Vidal.
Fue ordenado sacerdote el 13 de agosto de 1933. Desempeñó su actividad pastoral
en el monasterio basiliano de Zovkva. Cuando murió Joaquín Senkivskyj, en 1941,
lo reemplazó como superior del monasterio de Drohobych. Fue detenido el 17 de
septiembre de 1945 con la acusación de "haber escrito una artículo con
falsedades sobre el partido bolchevique, que se publicó luego en un diario
antisoviético". Lo condenaron a ocho años de cárcel en un campo de
reeducación. La noticia de su muerte se difundió en la víspera de Pascua de
1946. Había cumplido 39 años cuando murió en la cárcel de Drohobych, el 16 de
mayo de 1946.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Iván Ziatyk</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sacerdote profeso de la Congregación del Santísimo Redentor y vicario general
de la Iglesia greco-católica ucraniana (1899-1952). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 26 de diciembre de 1899 en Odrechova (Polonia). Recibió la ordenación
sacerdotal en 1923, en Przemysl. Fue prefecto y profesor del seminario
ucraniano. En 1935 entró en la Congregación del Santísimo Redentor. En 1948 los
comunistas expulsaron al viceprovincial de los redentoristas, y él fue elegido
para sustituirlo. El metropolita Septyckyj lo nombró vicario general de la
Iglesia greco-católica ucraniana. Las autoridades lo privaron de la
libertad el 5 de enero de 1950 y lo condenaron a diez años de trabajos forzados
en un campo de concentración por el delito de ser "redentorista y
predicador de las ideas del Papa de Roma". Fue sometido a torturas por los
guardias del campo de concentración de Oserlag (Irkutsk), en cuyo hospital
expiró el 17 de mayo de 1952, a los 53 años.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tarsicia Mackiv (en
el siglo, Olga</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Religiosa profesa de la congregación de las Esclavas de María Inmaculada
(1919-1944). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 23 de marzo de 1919 en Hodoriv (región de Lvov). El 5 de noviembre de
1940 emitió la profesión religiosa en la congregación de las Esclavas de María
Inmaculada. A causa de los intensos bombardeos de las fuerzas soviéticas que se
produjeron el 17 de julio de 1944, las religiosas se escondieron en los sótanos
de su convento de Krystonopol (Polonia). El 18 de julio de 1944, mientras
esperaban al capellán, un militar soviético llamó a la puerta. Cuando Tarsicia
abrió, el soldado le disparó a bocajarro y acabó con su vida. Al día siguiente
el militar se presentó de nuevo en el convento, jactándose de haber asesinado a
Tarsicia "porque era una religiosa católica".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Olimpia Bidà (en el
siglo, Olga)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Religiosa profesa de la congregación de las Religiosas de San José (1903-1952).
Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació en 1903 en el pueblo de Tsebliv (región de Lvov). Aunque no se han
encontrado documentos sobre su ingreso en la congregación de las Religiosas de
San José, se sabe que desarrollaba su actividad en el pueblo de Zhuzhil.
Después de 1945 realizó clandestinamente su labor pastoral, sustituyendo a
diversos sacerdotes desaparecidos en los campos de concentración soviéticos. La
capturaron en abril de 1950 en compañía de sor Lorenza Harasymiv, mientras
acompañaban a un fiel difunto al cementerio. El 27 de mayo de 1950 fue
declarada culpable de "actividad antisoviética" y deportada al campo
de concentración de Kharsk (Siberia). Murió en ese campo a los 49 años, el 28
de enero de 1952, por las penalidades sufridas y por falta de asistencia
médica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lorenza
Harasymiv (en el siglo, Leocadia)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Religiosa profesa de la congregación de las Religiosas de San José (1911-1952).
Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 17 de agosto de 1911 en Rudnyky (región de Lvov). En mayo de 1931
entró en la congregación de las Religiosas de San José. En abril de 1950 fue
arrestada en las mismas circunstancias de Olimpia Bidà y deportada también ella
al campo de concentración de Kharsk. Antes de la deportación se contagió de
tuberculosis, enfermedad que le causaría la muerte. Sor Olimpia la asistió en
el último período de su vida. Tenía 42 años cuando falleció en el campo de
concentración, el 26 de agosto de 1952.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vladimiro Pryjma</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Laico y padre de familia (1906-1941). Mártir<br />
<br />
Nació el 17 de julio de 1906 en la localidad de Stradch (región de Lvov). En
1931 se casó con María Stojko, con quien tuvo cuatro hijos. Laico y padre de
familia, fue cantor en la parroquia de su pueblo. Al replegarse las tropas
soviéticas durante la segunda mundial, Vladimiro -junto con el padre Mykola
Konrad, párroco del mismo pueblo-, fue fusilado en el bosque de Birok mientras
acompañaba al sacerdote a administrar los sacramentos a una mujer. Era el 26 de
junio de 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20010627_carneckyj_sp.html">https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20010627_carneckyj_sp.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi </b>: Martyrs
Killed in odium fidei under Communist Regimes ~<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">in Eastern
Europe [3] : </span><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/East01.htm" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/East01.htm</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://passionistedepolynesie.e-monsite.com/pages/saints-et-saintes/sts-l/bx-leonide-feodorov.html">http://passionistedepolynesie.e-monsite.com/pages/saints-et-saintes/sts-l/bx-leonide-feodorov.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2009-06/19-13/IT_Fedorov.html">https://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2009-06/19-13/IT_Fedorov.html</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-31125332827616366542024-03-03T07:12:00.000-08:002024-03-03T07:13:41.091-08:00Saint ANSELMO di NONANTOLA, duc de Frioul, abbé bénédictin et fondateur du monastère de Nonantola<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Abbazia_di_nonantola%2C_portale_di_seguaci_wiligelmo%2C_stipite_sx%2C_formella_04_anselmo%2C_fatto_monaco%2C_fonda_nonantola.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="637" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Abbazia_di_nonantola%2C_portale_di_seguaci_wiligelmo%2C_stipite_sx%2C_formella_04_anselmo%2C_fatto_monaco%2C_fonda_nonantola.JPG" width="255" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiligelmo" title="Wiligelmo">Wiligelmo</a> e
seguaci, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Anselmo_di_Nonantola" title="Sant'Anselmo di Nonantola">Sant'Anselmo di Nonantola</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">,
fatto monaco, fonda l'abbazia di Nonantola, portale dell'<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbazia_di_Nonantola" title="Abbazia di Nonantola">abbazia di Nonantola</a>, XII secolo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Anselm,
from a 12th-century sculpture by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiligelmo" title="Wiligelmo">Wiligelmo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Anselme,
fait moine, fonde l'abbaye de Nonantola (sculpture de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiligelmo" title="Wiligelmo">Wiligelmo</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail" title="Portail">portail</a> de
l'abbaye de Nonantola (xiie siècle)</span></p></div><p><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Anselme<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Abbé et fondateur du
monastère de Nonantola (+ 807)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Né vers 720, Anselme, duc
de Frioul, abandonne la vie politique en 749 et devient moine bénédictin. Il
fonde en 752 avec ses moines un monastère à Nonantola avec un hospice pour les
pèlerins, sur un terrain donné par son beau-frère le roi Astolphe. Il en fait
un monastère bénédictin, centre remarquable d'ascétisme, de culture, de travail
et de soins hospitaliers. Il est enterré dans l'église de l'abbaye.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L'abbaye située près de Modène a une bibliothèque toujours importante avec
environ 20000 ouvrages, 16 incunables et 174 'cinquecentine'</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Abbaye de Nonantola, <a href="https://www.abbazianonantola.it/" target="_blank">Abbazia di Nonantola, site internet en italien</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Nonantola en Émilie, l'an 807, saint Anselme, fondateur et premier abbé du
monastère de ce lieu, où pendant cinquante ans il sut promouvoir la discipline
monastique par ses préceptes et l'exercice des vertus.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/11492/Saint-Anselme.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/11492/Saint-Anselme.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Anselm of Nonantola"><b>Saint Anselm of Nonantola</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Anselm of Friuli<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/3-march">3 March</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-dukes">Duke</a> of
Friuli, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>.
Brother-in-law of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-lombardy-italy">Lombard</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-kings">King</a> Aistulph.
Career <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-soldiers">soldier</a>.
Cleric. Founded the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/abbey">abbeys</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-fanano-italy">Fanano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-modena-italy">Modena</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>,
and of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/nonantola-abbey">Nonantola</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>.
Both included <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-hospitals">hospitals</a> and
hostels. Anselm became a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/benedictines">Benedictine</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-monks">monk</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/time-line-753">753</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/abbot">Abbot</a> of
the house at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/nonantola-abbey">Nonantola</a>,
which grew to a thousand <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-monks">brothers</a> under
his leadership. Received permission from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/pope-stephen-iii">Stephen
III</a> to transfer the body of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/pope-saint-sylvester-i">Sylvester
I</a> to the house. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-exiles">Banished</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/monte-cassino-abbey">Monte
Cassino</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-kings">King</a> Desiderius,
but restored by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/blessed-charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> after
seven years in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-exile">exile</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">at Forum Juhi,
(modern <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-friuli-italy">Friuli</a>), <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/time-line-803">803</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-nonantola-italy">Nonantola</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/catholic-encyclopedia-saint-anselm-of-nonantula">Catholic
Encyclopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1428" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=medieval-religion;1a524dd0.1603" target="_blank">John Dillon</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselm,_Duke_of_Friuli" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselmo_de_Non%C3%A1ntola" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Anselmo_di_Nonantola" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90975" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselmo_di_Nonantola" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Anselm of
Nonantola“. CatholicSaints.Info. 1 March 2023. Web. 3 March 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anselm-of-nonantola/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Anselm of Nonantola, O.S.B., Abbot"><b>Saints
of the Day – Anselm of Nonantola, O.S.B., Abbot</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot/saint-anselm-of-nonantola"></a><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Died 803. Brother-in-law
of the Lombard King Aistulph, and duke of Friuli, Anselm became a monk and
founded the abbey of Fanano near Modena, Italy – then a second at Nonantola.
Both monasteries included hospitals and hostels. Aistulph’s successor, King
Desiderius banished Anselm to Montecassino, but after seven years he was
restored to Nonantola by Charlemagne (Benedictines).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
12 July 2022. Web. 3 March 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-anselm-of-nonantola-o-s-b-abbot/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Anselm of Nonantola</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> March 3</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: 803<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Benedictine <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=22">abbot</a> and
duke. He was born in Forum Juhi, modern Friuli, Italy, heir to a local title
and brother-in-law of King Aistulf, the Lombard ruler who married Anselm's
sister, Gisaltruda. Anselm left his titles and power, and in 750 founded a
monastery at Tanano, Italy. Two years later he built the monastery of <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=8521">Nonantola</a> near
Modena, Italy. He then went to <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=10148">Rome</a> where
Pope Stephen II invested him with the <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5473">habit</a> of
the Benedictine Order. Anselm founded many charitable institutions; however, he
lost his patronage when Aistulf died. Desiderius, the new Lombard ruler,
banished Anselm from his kingdom in 756. He went to Monte Cassino for seven
years, until <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=3791">Desiderius</a> fell
to the armies of Charlemagne. Anselm remained in <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=8521">Nonantola</a> until
his death. He is patron of the region.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1428">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1428</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Anselm</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Abbot, Duke of Forum
Julii, the modern Friuli, in the northeastern part of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08208a.htm">Italy</a>. Wishing to
serve <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm">God</a> in
a <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a>, he
left the world, and in 750 built a <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a> at
Fanano, a place given to him by Aistulph, King of the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09336b.htm">Lombards</a>, who had
married Anselms sister Gisaltruda. Two years later he built the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a> of
Nonantula, a short distance northeast of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10413a.htm">Modena</a> he then went
to <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a> where <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288c.htm">Stephen III</a> invested
him with the habit of St. Benedict and appointed him <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01015c.htm">Abbot</a> of Nonantula.
Being very <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm">charitable</a>,
able, Anselm founded many <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07475b.htm">hospices</a> where
the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12327a.htm">poor</a> and
the feeble were sheltered and cared for by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10487b.htm">monks</a>. Desiderius, who
had succeeded <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01237d.htm">Aistulph</a> as
King of the Lombards (756-774) banished Anselm from Nonantula. The seven years
of his exile the latter spent at <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10526b.htm">Monte Cassino</a>, but
returned to Nonantula after the capture of Desiderius by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a>. Having
been <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01015c.htm">abbot</a> for
fifty years, Anselm died at Nonantula in 803, and the town of that name
still <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07462a.htm">honours</a> him
as <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11562a.htm">patron</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sources</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">LECHNER, <i>Martyrologium
des Benediktiner-Ordens</i> (Augsburg, 1855); STADLER, <i>Heiligen-Lexikon</i> (Augsburg,
1858), I, 235; <i>Acta SS.</i>, 1 March, 263, 891.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ott,
Michael. "St. Anselm." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.
1. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1907. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550a.htm>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by W.S. French, Jr. Dedicated to
the Rev. Anselm G. Biggs, O.S.B. (Belmont Abbey, Belmont, N.C., U.S.A.).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © 2023 by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/utility/contactus.htm">Kevin Knight</a>.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550a.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/e/e5/90975.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="275" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/e/e5/90975.JPG" width="161" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michele_di_Matteo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Michele di Matteo (la pagina non esiste)">Michele di Matteo</a>,
Scomparto di <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Polittico" title="Polittico">polittico</a> con <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Anselmo_di_Nonantola" title="Sant'Anselmo di Nonantola">Sant'Anselmo di Nonantola</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a>, tempera su
tavola; <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Abbazia_di_San_Silvestro_di_Nonantola" title="Abbazia di San Silvestro di Nonantola">Nonantola</a>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Museo_Benedettino_e_Diocesano_d%27Arte_Sacra_di_Nonantola" title="Museo Benedettino e Diocesano d'Arte Sacra di Nonantola">Museo
Benedettino e Diocesano d'Arte Sacra</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Anselmo di
Nonantola</b> Abate<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/03/03">3 marzo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">† 3 marzo 803<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Di stirpe longobarda, Anselmo
fu duca del Friuli. Nel 749, abbandonata la vita politica, fondò un cenobio ed
un ospizio per pellegrini nella valle del Panàro. In seguito ad una donazione
del cognato, il re Astolfo, verso il 752, con i suoi monaci costruì la chiesa e
il monastero di Nonatola (nei pressi di Modena), ponendolo sotto la regola di
S. Benedetto e facendone un centro ragguardevole di ascesi, di cultura, di
lavoro e di assistenza ospedaliera. Anselmo fu mediatore di pace nella guerra
franco-longobarda.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Morì il 3 marzo 803 e fu sepolto nella chiesa del monastero.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Nonantola in Emilia, sant’Anselmo, fondatore e primo abate del
monastero del luogo, che per cinquant’anni promosse la disciplina monastica sia
con l’insegnamento che con l’esercizio delle virtù.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Anselmo è uno dei
personaggi più imponenti del monachesimo dell’Alto Medioevo e l’unico santo
longobardo di cui ci siano pervenute notizie certe.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Di lui parlano numerosi documenti, bolle, rescritti, diplomi e una ‘Vita’
scritta nel secolo XI già nota dal ‘Catalogus Abbatum’ del 1037.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Si suppone che Anselmo sia nato verso il 720 a Cividale o Vicenza, figlio di
Wectari di Vicenza, duca del Friuli, era fratello di Giseltrada sposa di re
Astolfo (749-756) e di Aidin con cui possedeva insieme, beni terrieri a Verona
e Vicenza (documenti del 797 e 820).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fu per qualche tempo anche duce del Friuli; nel 749, Anselmo però lascia tutte
le attività e cariche politiche per dedicarsi ad una vita di santità; lascia il
Friuli risalendo la valle dell’Alto Panaro, dove il cognato re Astolfo, gli
dona la terra di Fanano e qui si ferma a fondare un cenobio per accogliere i
monaci che ormai gli si erano radunati attorno e più in alto verso il passo di
S. Croce Arcana, apre un ospizio per pellegrini che prende il nome di S. Jacopo
di Val d’Amola.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’opera di accoglienza dei pellegrini, molto numerosi nella valle, che era uno
dei passaggi obbligati tra il Nord e la Toscana, costituisce un impegno
primario e nessun pellegrino deve allontanarsi senza avere ricevuto con
misericordia ogni assistenza.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 751 il re Astolfo che comunque aveva mire espansionistiche, aveva occupata
Ravenna e dona ad Anselmo un altro territorio tolto dal Ducato di Persiceta, di
nome ‘Nonantolae’, che controllava le strade che da Verona e Piacenza
scendevano a Bologna.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il santo abate e i suoi monaci, si danno da fare per costruire una chiesa e il
monastero, bonificando e coltivando quelle terre ormai abbandonate e incolte,
producendo un vantaggio economico e sociale a tutta la regione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Si sa che la chiesa dedicata alla Madonna venne consacrata l’8 ottobre del 752
dal vescovo Geminiano di Reggio Emilia per delega del papa Adriano I. Una
seconda dedica questa volta agli Apostoli è fatta dall’arcivescovo di Ravenna,
Sergio (748-769), la ‘Vita’ continua a narrare dicendo che nel 752 Anselmo
insieme a re Astolfo va a Roma, per offrire in dono al papa Adriano I il
monastero nonantolano.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il Sommo Pontefice, conferisce ad Anselmo la dignità di abate e gli dona i
‘corpi santi’ di s. Silvestro papa e di altri martiri; così il 20 novembre 756
il vescovo di Bologna, Romano compie una terza dedicazione della chiesa e
monastero questa volta a S. Silvestro I papa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Alcune di queste notizie non sono certificate dalla realtà storica del periodo,
come il dono delle reliquie, in realtà molte reliquie di martiri romani
emigrarono verso il Nord a seguito delle spoliazioni di cimiteri suburbani
compiute dai Longobardi durante l’assedio di Roma del 756.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’opera dell’abate Anselmo è sottolineata dalla grandiosa attività di
assistenza sociale e spirituale svolta a favore delle folle degli umili che si
sviluppò e proseguì nei secoli, attraverso i suoi monasteri. Oltre quello di
Fanano, egli fondò altri tre monasteri con annessi ospizi, dipendenti
dall’abbazia di Nonantola: quello di S. Ambrogio dove il fiume Panaro taglia la
via Emilia, quello del ‘Vicus Domnani’ a Vicenza (ora S. Silvestro) e quello
non meglio identificato nel ‘luogo detto Susonia’ con l’oratorio di S.
Giustina.<br />
Oltre 1100 monaci da lui dipendenti si dedicarono all’ascesi, all’assistenza
sociale, alla trascrizione dei codici, all’attività ospedaliera, alla bonifica
dei terreni; per un certo numero di anni fu come in esilio a Montecassino,
durante il regno di Desiderio (757-774), il perché ci è ignoto, ma Anselmo poté
ritornare a Nonantola solo dopo la morte di Desiderio; nel periodo cassinese
acquistò per la sua abbazia vari codici, infatti queste operazioni sono
registrate nell’Archivio Nonantolano compilato verso il 1000.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Si prodigò per la pace fra longobardi e franchi, al punto che il re franco
Carlo Magno, lo ringraziò con larghi benefici e privilegi per l’abbazia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Morì il 3 marzo 803 ad 80 anni di età ed a 50 dalla fondazione del monastero;
fu sepolto nella chiesa della stessa abbazia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 1400 l’abbazia aveva già una sua tipografia; codici miniati, pergamene, e
reliquiari preziosi sono conservati nel tesoro della chiesa, costruita nelle
forme romanico-lombarde e a cui lavorarono insigni artisti medioevali.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Antonio
Borrelli</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Duca del Friuli e fratello della moglie del re longobardo Astolfo, Anselmo è un
valoroso cavaliere che nell’VIII secolo cavalca in groppa al suo destriero
accanto al comandante supremo. È un politico potente, giovane, ricco. Che cosa
potrebbe volere di più dalla vita? Eppure a ventinove anni Anselmo ne ha
abbastanza di duelli, guerre, armi, feriti e morti. Sente, nel profondo del
proprio essere, che la propria intelligenza e la propria energia devono essere
messe a frutto in maniera differente. Sente che un Re più potente lo chiama (il
Signore dei Cieli) per affidargli un incarico più importante: predicare il
Vangelo e metterlo in pratica. Il re longobardo capisce le buone intenzioni di
suo cognato e gli dona un appezzamento di terreno a Nonantola, vicino a Modena,
in Emilia Romagna, dove poter edificare una chiesa e un convento. Qui l’ex
valoroso guerriero, diventato monaco, fonda una grande abbazia intitolata a San
Silvestro, di cui è molto devoto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il monastero segue la Regola di San Benedetto e arriva ad ospitare centinaia di
monaci che pregano e lavorano tutto il giorno, nei campi incolti che bonificano
e fanno fruttare, rendendo fertile tutta la zona; nelle biblioteche dove conservano
e ricopiano i preziosi manoscritti; nei locali adibiti all’accoglienza dei
pellegrini che da Nord si dirigono a Roma e nella Terra Santa. I monaci curano
anche gli ammalati, con le erbe da loro raccolte, e assistono i poveri ai quali
donano cibo. Anselmo, instancabile, costruisce altri monasteri da adibire a
centri di assistenza ospedaliera e di carità, con oltre mille monaci alle sue
dipendenze. In breve l’Abbazia di Nonantola diventa un prestigioso centro
propulsore di cultura, predicazione e carità evangelica, fino all’anno Mille
circa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nonostante la sua fama, il santo longobardo, con umiltà continua a svolgere i
lavori più faticosi. Nel mentre la sua inesauribile attività è rivolta anche in
campo politico per portare la pace tra Longobardi e Franchi: Carlo Magno in
persona, il re dei Franchi, gli è riconoscente e lo premia con privilegi e
benefici per i suoi conventi. Anselmo muore a Nonantola all’età di 80 anni,
nell’803. È l’unico santo longobardo di cui si conosca la storia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Mariella Lentini</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Note: La Chiesa lo celebra il 3 marzo mentre a Nonantola viene festeggiato
il 1 maggio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90975">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90975</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANSELMO di Nonantola,
santo</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Dizionario Biografico
degli Italian</i>i - Volume 3 (1961)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alessandro Pratesi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Visse tra il secolo VIII
e i primissimi anni del IX. Di stirpe regale longobarda (è probabile che fosse
legato, per linea femminile, alla famiglia di Liutprando, mentre in linea
maschile sarebbe derivato, secondo un'ipotesi valida, da Wetcari duca del
Friuli, un cui discendente, un altro Wetcari, fu padre dello stesso Adoin, che
da un documento dell'820 risulterebbe fratello di A.), era cognato di Astolfo,
che aveva sposato sua sorella Giseltrude.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Vita gli attribuisce
il titolo di duca del Friuli e lo mostra a capo delle milizie alle dipendenze
del cognato. Poiché, tuttavia, sembra preferibile l'ipotesi di chi data la
vocazione monastica di A. prima dell'abdicazione (764) e vestizione monacale di
Ratchis nel romitaggio di Montecassino, l'attività militare del futuro abate
dovette svolgersi - se vera - durante il regno di Ratchis, allorché il ducato
del Friuli era in mano di Astolfo, per cui il ducato al quale presiedeva A.
sarà stato piuttosto quello di Ceneda,dove subentrò poi Orso figlio di Munichi,
quello stesso, probabilmente, a cui fu per errore attribuito un assai incerto
ducato di Persiceto per aver più tardi donato all'abbazia nonantolana
"preceptales Persicetanos".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vestito l'abito benedettino,
A. fondò di sua iniziativa e, a quanto pare, con mezzi propri (l'intervento di
Giseltrude presso Astolfo sembra un elemento fantastico introdotto dall'anonimo
biografo), il monastero di Fanano con annesso ospizio per i pellegrini. Salito
al trono Astolfo, questi pensò di giovarsi del cognato e, fattagli donazione di
una località incolta nel territorio di Nonantola, lo indusse a fondare un nuovo
cenobio (751-752) a 10 km da Modena, sulla destra del Panaro, in una posizione
donde si controllavano le strade che da Piacenza e Verona conducevano a
Bologna. L'anno seguente la chiesa abbaziale sarebbe stata consacrata da
Geminiano vescovo di Reggio, ma, poco dopo, una nuova consacrazione - forse
sollecitata da Astolfo - avrebbe avuto luogo ad opera di Sergio arcivescovo di
Ravenna: il privilegio di quest'ultimo con la data del 753 è però una patente
falsificazione, come la maggior parte dei diplomi regi e ducali e dei privilegi
pontifici che figurerebbero rilasciati all'abbazia nel secolo VIII. D'altra parte,
il Libellus defundatione monasterii, sottolineando come in questa e in
altre occasioni non si avesse alcun intervento del vescovo di Modena, svela
l'epoca tardiva della compilazione e l'evidente proposito di affermare
l'indipendenza dell'abbazia dalla giurisdizione dell'ordinario diocesano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Successivamente A. fu con
Astolfo all'assedio di Roma del dicembre 755 - gennaio 756: l'interpretazione
della fonte, per cui l'abate avrebbe indotto il sovrano a seguirlo in una
pacifica peregrinazione alla Sede degli apostoli, è destituita di ogni
fondamento. La profanazione delle tombe ad opera delle truppe di Astolfo
accampate sulla Salaria è un fatto accertato, e sicuramente si ricollega con
esso il furto della reliquia di s. Silvestro, asportata dalle vicine catacombe.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La tradizione nonantolana
ostenta un privilegio di Adriano I [sic] con la data del 776, da cui
risulterebbe che il prezioso corpo era stato donato dal pontefice al pio abate:
ma non c'è dubbio che si tratta,nonostante la rinnovazione fattane da Innocenzo
III il 13 giugno 1213, di una tarda e poco abile falsificazione. Comunque la
reliquia fu sicuramente trasferita a Nonantola e nell'ottobre del 756 l'altare
che la racchiudeva venne consacrato solennemente da Romano vescovo di Bologna e
Apollinare vescovo di Reggio: lo stesso monastero prese d'allora il nome di S.
Silvestro. L'episodio ha creato agli storici notevoli difficoltà, poiché è noto
che nel 761 il corpo di s. Silvestro venne da Paolo I traslato, insieme con
quello di s. Stefano, nel monastero urbano che avrebbe preso poi il nome di S.
Silvestro in Capite: è possibile che i Longobardi, credendo di sottrarre le
ossa di s. Silvestro, ne abbiano invece asportate altre, come può darsi che si
siano impadroniti di una sola parte del corpo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Si attribuiscono ad A.
numerose altre fondazioni monastiche e un eccezionale impulso dato all'abbazia
nonantolana, dove sarebbero stati accolti in quegli anni u44 monaci, oltre i
novizi e gli oblati: ma si tratta, evidentemente, di una esagerazione del
biografo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel marzo 756, dopo
l'infelice episodio di Ratchis che, abbandonato l'abito monastico in seguito
alla morte di Astolfo, aveva tentato nuovamente l'avventura del trono, il Regno
longobardo passò nelle mani di Desiderio: secondo il Catalogus regum
Langobardorum et Italicorum sarebbe cominciato allora, e durato per tutto
il regno di Desiderio, l'esilio a Montecassino di A., il quale era caduto in
disgrazia presso il nuovo sovrano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il Catalogus abbatum
Nonantulanorum, sia nella prima, sia nella seconda e più ampia redazione,
indica in sette anni la durata di tale segregazione: la stesura più antica,che
risale agli anni tra il 933 e il 941, lo fa in maniera indiretta, attribuendo
sette anni alla reggenza dell'abbazia da parte di un "Vigilancius
presbiter" la stesura più recente, da ascriversi al periodo tra il 1037 e
il 1045, in maniera invece esplicita. Sennonché un diploma di Desiderio con la
data del 758 - certamente falso, ma costruito verosimilmente su un genuino
perduto - ha ancora per destinatario "venerabilis vir Anselmus
abbas", mentre un documento del maggio 762 indica come abate un Silvestro
ignoto ai cataloghi, al quale è pure indirizzato un diploma di Adelchi del 771
o 772: è pertanto probabile che A. non sia stato costretto all'esilio subito
dopo l'avvento di Desiderio al trono, ma soltanto dopo il 758, forse nel
periodo 760-761, allorché Desiderio, tentando di eludere l'impegno di
restituire al pontefice le iustitiae della Res publica
Romanorum, cercava l'alleanza dell'imperatore di Bisanzio, desideroso di
riconquistare anch'egli le terre dell'esarcato entrate in possesso della
Chiesa; A., fedele alla politica antibizantina di Ratchis e di Astolfo, e forse
ossequiente alle aspirazioni di Roma per dovere del suo stato religioso,
dovette opporsi al re e subime lo sdegno. Nel lasciare l'abbazia egli ne
avrebbe temporaneamente affidato il governo a Vigilanzio, che non volle però
arrogarsene mai il titolo; tuttavia Desiderio, per far valere la propria
autorità, poté imporre un nuovo abate, Silvestro, il quale, considerato dalla
maggior parte dei monaci come un intruso, non fu inserito nel catalogo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Deposto Desiderio nel
774, A. potè ritornare a Nonantola, portando con sé da Montecassino - secondo
una notizia che è soltanto nella redazione più ampia del Catalogus, ma che il
compilatore potè desumere direttamente dagli ex libris dei manoscritti -
numerosi codici: l'esilio sarebbe quindi durato non sette, bensì quattordici
anni, e si può pensare tanto a un errore nel Catalogus I, ripetuto poi nel II,
quanto a una omissione, nel senso che la reggenza di Vigilanzio durò
effettivamente sette anni e alla sua morte non fu possibile, per la presenza di
Silvestro, designare un nuovo reggente: il compilatore della redazione più
ampia del Catalogus avrebbe poi assimilato senz'altro la durata del governo
vicario di Vigilanzio con, quella dell'esilio di Anselmo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Della successiva
operosità del fondatore di Nonantola non rimane altro ricordo, a parte una
notizia conservata nella tardiva Historiola di Rodolfo notaio;
espugnata Pavia e deposto Desiderio, Carlomagno incontrò ancora resistenza da
parte di Potone, duca di Brescia e nipote del re, e di Ansoaldo vescovo, che si
erano accattivati le simpatie dei nobili bresciani: il re franco tentò dapprima
di piegare i ribelli con le minacce, quindi provò con la mediazione di A.
inviato a Brescia come suo ambasciatore; ma la legazione non conseguì alcun
risultato.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La morte di A., descritta
dall'anonimo biografo con particolari edificanti, avvenne nell'803, il 3 marzo;
in tal giorno se ne effettua la solenne commemorazione a Nonantola e a Cividale
del Friuli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fonti e Bibl.: <i>Actus
vel transitus b. Anselmi abbatis</i>, a cura di G. Waitz, in <i>Mon. Germ. hist., Scriptores
rerum Langobard. et Italicar. saec</i>. VI-IX, Hannoverae 1878, pp.
567-570, e a cura di P. Bortolotti, in <i>Monumenti di storia patria delle
Provincie Modenesi. Serie delle cronache</i>, XIV, II, Modena 1891, pp.
255-263 (estratto col titolo <i>Antica vita di s. Anselmo abbate di
Nonantola</i>, Modena 1892, pp. 123-131); <i>De fundatione monasterii Nonantulani</i>,
a cura di G. Waitz, op. cit., p. 570, e a cura di P.
Bortolotti, op. cit., pp. 267 s. (estratto pp. 135 s.); <i>Catalogus
I et II abbatum Nonantulanorum</i>, a cura di G. Waitz, op. cit., pp. 570
s., e a cura di P. Bortolotti, op. cit., pp. 273 s. (estratto pp. 141
s.); <i>De transiatione s. Silvestri</i>, a cura di P. Bortolotti, op. cit.,
pp. 269-272 (estratto pp. 137-140); <i>Catalogus regum Langobardorum et
Italicorum Brixiensis et Nonantuianus</i>, a cura di G. Waitz, op. cit.,
p. 503; <i>Chronicon Salernitanum</i>, a cura di U. Westerbergh, Stockholm s. d.
[ma 19 56], par. 7, p. 9; <i>Rodulphi notarii Historiola</i>, a cura di G. M.
Biemmi, in <i>Istoria di Brescia</i>, II, Brescia 1749, p. X.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Per le fonti documentarie
cfr. G. Tiraboschi, <i>Storia dell'augusta badia di S. Silvestro di
Nonantola, aggiuntovi il codice , diplomatico della medesima...</i>,
II, Modena 1785, pp. 1-35; P. F. Kehr, <i>Italia Pontificia</i>, V, Berolini
1911, pp. 334-336; A. Gaudenzi, Il monastero di Nonantola, il ducato
di Persiceto e la Chiesa di Bologna, in <i>Bullett. d. Ist. stor.
ital</i>., XXXVI (1916), pp. 19-29, 52-66, 79-98, 167-181. F. Ferrari, <i>Catalogus
sanctorum Italiae in menses duodecim distributus</i>, Mediolani 1613, p.
130; Id., <i>Catalogusgeneralis sanctorum aui in Martyrologio Romano non
sunt,</i> Venetiis 1625, p. 97; <i>Acta sanctorum Martii</i>, I, Antverpiae
1668, pp. 265 s., 900 s.; E. Gattula, <i>Historia abbatiae Cassinensis...</i>, I,
Venetiis 1733, p. 18; G. P. Della Stua, <i>Memorie Per servire alla storia di
s. Anselmo duca di Cividale del Friuli</i>, Udine 1775; G. Tiraboschi, <i>Storia cit</i>.,
I, Modena 1784, pp. 55-77; G. Montagnani, <i>Storia dell'augusta badia di S.
Silvestro di Nonantola</i>, Modena 1838, pp. 1-10; C. Campori, Dei Longobardi
nel Modenese e singolarmente di sant'Anselmo, in <i>Atti e Mem. d. Deput.
di storia patria per le prov. modenesi e parmensi</i>, VII (1874), pp. 1-17; <i>Bibliotheca
Hagiographica Latina antiquae etmediae aetatis</i>, I, Bruxellis 1898-1899, p. 88,
e <i>Supplementum</i>, ibid. 1911, p. 24; A. Gaudenzi, Il monastero cit.,
in <i>Bullett. d. Ist. stor. ital</i>., XXII (1901), pp. 83-103,
164-171; A. Corradi, Nonantola abbazia imperiale, in <i>Riv. stor.
benedettina</i>, IV (1909), p. 182; L. Duchesne. <i>La Premiers temps de l'Etat
Pontifical (754-1073)</i>, Paris 1911, pp. 34-36; P. Paschini, Note
storiche su uomini ed avvenimenti del Friuli in sul cadere del Regno
longobardo, in <i>Memorie storiche forogiuliesi</i>, VIII(1912), pp. 2-8; M.
Bertolani Del Rio, Ospizi ed ospedali fondati da Anselmo santo abate di
Nonantola, in <i>Atti e Mem. della Deput. di storia patria per le
antiche prov. modenesi</i>, s.8, V (1953), pp. 234-237; G. Fasoli, Una "donatio
mortis causa" del duca Anselmo, <i>ibid</i>, p.183-190; C. G.
Mor, L'esilio di s. Anselmo,<i> ibid</i>., pp. 191-194.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/anselmo-di-nonantola-santo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/anselmo-di-nonantola-santo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-69467714995362451012024-03-02T08:15:00.000-08:002024-03-02T08:18:04.193-08:00Bienheureux ENGELMAR UNZEITIG, prêtre des Missionnaires de Mariannhill et martyr<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Engelmar_Hubert_Unzeitig_(1911-1945).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="340" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Engelmar_Hubert_Unzeitig_(1911-1945).jpg" width="247" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureux Engelmar
Unzeitig<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Martyr surnommé 'l'ange
de Dachau' (+ 1945)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">surnommé 'l'ange de
Dachau'</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Le 22 janvier 2016, promulgation du <a href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2016/01/22/0044/00095.html" target="_blank" title="décret du miracle">décret</a> (en italien) relatif
au martyre du serviteur de Dieu Engelmar (né Hubert) Unzeitig (1911 -
1945), prêtre et religieux allemand des Missionnaires de Mariannhill, tué en
haine de la foi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Le Saint-Père a reconnu le martyre d'un prêtre allemand mort en 1945 au camp
de concentration de Dachau. Arrêté par la Gestapo et déporté pour avoir
protesté contre les persécutions à l'encontre des juifs, Hubert Unzeitig a été
surnommé l'Ange de Dachau. Dans les baraquements, il prenait soin des victimes
de l'épidémie de typhus, réconfortait les mourants et confessait les
prisonniers dont de nombreux russes orthodoxes, avant de mourir lui-même du
typhus.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le Pape autorise de nouvelles béatifications et canonisations, 22 janvier 2016.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
béatifié le 24 septembre 2016 à Wurtzbourg.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Né le 1er mars 1911, après ses études secondaires Hubert Unzeilig entre en 1934
au noviciat des Missionnaires de Mariannhill en Hollande et prend le nom
d'Engelmar.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il est ordonné prêtre en 1939 au début de la seconde guerre mondiale. Il est
prêtre à Riedegg en Autriche et Glöckeelberg dans la forêt de Bohême.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En 1941 il est arrêté par la Gestapo et emmené au camp de concentration de Dachau.
Il va volontairement dans les baraquements où sévit le typhus prenant soin des
malades et administrant les sacrements et, contaminé à son tour, il en meurt le
2 mars 1945.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En allemand:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://www.engelmarunzeitig.de/" target="_blank" title="Engelmar Unzeitig">Pater Engelmar Unzeitig</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="https://www.mariannhill.de/home/nachrichten/seliger-pater-engelmar-verkoerpert-das-hohe-lied-der-liebe-922a8db" target="_blank">Seliger Pater Engelmar verkörpert das Hohe Lied der Liebe</a>,
'le martyre du père Unzeiting', (CMM): Un exemple de foi vivante, que notre
monde peut mettre à profit dès maintenant!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://www.mariannhill.de/" target="_blank" title="CMM">Missionare
von Mariannhill, Deutsche Provinz</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://www.gloeckelberg.at/index.php?page=1519236488&f=1&i=1519236488" target="_blank" title="Glockelberg">Pater Engelmar Unzeitig CMM</a>, Glöckelberg,
Autriche<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13066/Bienheureux-Engelmar-Unzeitig.html#:~:text=Martyr%20surnomm%C3%A9%20'l'ange%20de%20Dachau'%20(%2B%201945)&text=%2D%20Le%20Saint%2DP%C3%A8re%20a%20reconnu,surnomm%C3%A9%20l'Ange%20de%20Dachau">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13066/Bienheureux-Engelmar-Unzeitig.html#:~:text=Martyr%20surnomm%C3%A9%20'l'ange%20de%20Dachau'%20(%2B%201945)&text=%2D%20Le%20Saint%2DP%C3%A8re%20a%20reconnu,surnomm%C3%A9%20l'Ange%20de%20Dachau</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PAPE FRANÇOIS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANGÉLUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Place Saint-Pierre</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Dimanche 25 septembre 2016</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cher frères et sœurs,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hier à Würzbourg
(Allemagne), Engelmar Unzeitig, prêtre de la congrégation des missionnaires de
Mariannhill, a été proclamé bienheureux. Tué en haine de la foi au camp
d’extermination de Dachau, il a opposé l’amour à la haine et a répondu par la
douceur à la férocité. Que son exemple nous aide à être des témoins de charité
et d’espérance, également au milieu des difficultés.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Je m’associe avec plaisir
aux évêques du Mexique pour soutenir l’engagement de l’Église et de la société
civile en faveur de la famille et de la vie, qui à notre époque demande une
attention pastorale et culturelle spéciale dans le monde entier. J’assure en
outre le cher peuple mexicain de ma prière, afin que cesse la violence qui ces
jours derniers a frappé également plusieurs prêtres.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est aujourd’hui la
journée mondiale des sourds. Je désire saluer toutes les personnes sourdes,
également représentées ici, et les encourager à apporter leur contribution pour
une Église et une société toujours davantage capables d’accueillir tout le monde.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Enfin, très chers
catéchistes, j’adresse mon salut spécial à vous tous! Merci de votre engagement
dans l’Église au service de l’évangélisation, dans la transmission de la foi.
Que la Vierge vous aide à persévérer sur le chemin de la foi et à témoigner à
travers votre vie ce que vous transmettez dans la catéchèse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/fr/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/fr/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">016-09-22 17:55:00<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Béatification du père
Engelmar Unzeitig, martyr de Dachau</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(RV) Ce samedi 24
septembre 2016 sera célébrée la béatification d’Engelmar Unzeitig, un prêtre
allemand, martyr de la Foi, mort le 2 mars 1945 au camp de concentration de
Dachau, camp où périrent plus de 3000 prêtres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Né dans la région des
Sudètes, Hubert Unzeitig est donc allemand, même si la région appartient
aujourd’hui à la République Tchèque. Il rentre à 17 ans chez les Missionnaires
de Mariannhill et y reçoit le nom d’Engelmar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il est ordonné prêtre
sous le Troisième Reich, en 1939, puis exerce son ministère à Glöckelberg, en
Bohême. Ses prises de position contre le régime antisémite lui valent d’être
traqué, puis arrêté par la Gestapo en avril 1941. D’abord incarcéré à Linz, il
est déporté à Dachau sans jugement, le 8 juin 1941. Sur place, il soutient ses
frères dans la foi, partage ses rations alimentaires avec eux et, en 1944,
soigne et réconforte ceux qui ont contracté le typhus. Aux mourants, il donne
les derniers sacrements, avant de succomber lui-même à l’épidémie, le 2 mars
1945.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sorties clandestinement
du camp, ses cendres ont été enterrées au cimetière de Wurtzbourg, avant d’être
rendues aux Missionnaires de Mariannhill, en 1968. Surnommé «l’ange de
Dachau» par les survivants, le Père Unzeitig permet encore aujourd’hui de
faire mémoire de la réconciliation entre les peuples. En effet, Allemands et
Tchèques se retrouvent régulièrement pour prier ensemble en souvenir de ce
martyr de la Foi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La baraque des prêtres,
lieu de persécution et de communion</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Plusieurs autres prêtres
morts à Dachau ont été béatifiés, notamment Karl Leisner, qui avait été ordonné
en détention, le 17 décembre 1944. Cette messe clandestine avait été présidée
par l'évêque de Clermont-Ferrand, Mgr Gabriel Piguet, qui était lui aussi
déporté. L'ordination, conforme aux règles canoniques, avait pu se dérouler
grâce à la complicité d'une jeune fille employée dans le camp. En 1996, au
stade olympique de Berlin, le Pape Jean-Paul II avait présidé la béatification
de Karl Leisner (décédé en 1945, quelques semaines après sa libération) en
utilisant la crosse épiscopale de Mgr Piguet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le journaliste Guillaume
Zeller, actuel directeur de la rédaction de la chaîne d'information Itélé, a
consacré à cette déportation des prêtres un livre : La baraque des
prêtres, Dachau, 1938-1945, aux Editions Tallandier. Lors de la parution de son
ouvrage, en 2015, il nous avait expliqué les circonstances de cette
déportation, qui reste peu connue du grand public.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les derniers témoins
directs de cette déportation se sont éteints récement : le prêtre allemand
Hermann Scheipers, considéré comme le dernier survivant de la baraque de
Dachau, est décédé le 2 juin dernier à l'âge de 102 ans. Le franciscain Éloi
Leclerc, qui lui n'avait passé que quelques heures à Dachau avant sa libération
par les troupes américaines, est décédé le 13 mai dernier.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(CV-HDV)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2016/09/22/b%C3%A9atification_du_p%C3%A8re_engelmar_unzeitig,_martyr_de_dachau/fr-1260095">https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2016/09/22/b%C3%A9atification_du_p%C3%A8re_engelmar_unzeitig,_martyr_de_dachau/fr-1260095</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Engelmar
Unzeitig: "A la haine, il a opposé l’amour, à la férocité la douceur"<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le
pape évoque le nouveau bienheureux avant l’angélus</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SEPTEMBRE 25, 2016
13:19ANITA BOURDINANGÉLUS, PAPES<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« A la haine, il a
opposé l’amour, à la férocité la douceur » fait observer le pape qui
a évoqué le bienheureux prêtre catholique Engelmar Unzeitig (1911-1945),
martyr du nazisme, avant la prière de l’angélus et au terme de la
messe pour le Jubilé des catéchistes. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le pape François a en
effet évoqué le bienheureux prêtre catholique Engelmar Unzeitig, martyr l’a
donné en exemple en disant: « Cher fères et soeurs, Engelmar Unzeitig
a été proclamé bienheureux hier, à Wurzbourg (Allemagne): ce prêtre de la
congrégation des Missionnaires de Mariannhill a été tué en haine de la foi au
camp d’extermination de Dachau. A la haine, il a opposé l’amour, à la férocité
il a répond par la douceur. » <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il a souligné le
fruit de cette béatification à demander par les baptisés: « Que son
exemple nous aide à être des témoins de la charité et de l’espérance même au
milieu des tribulations. » <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il est mort
« martyr » en déportation à Dachau en 1945, et sa béatification a
eu lieu hier, samedi 24 septembre 2016, à Wurzbourg, en Allemagne.
Surnommé « L’ange de Dachau » – avec un jeu de mot sur son prénom
« Engel (=Ange)-mar », il a soigné et consolé les détenus mourants du
camp de concentration. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le représentant du pape,
le cardinal Angelo Amato, préfet de la Congrégation pour les causes des saints,
a présidé la messe de la béatification. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Né le 1er mars 1911 à
Greifendorf, en République tchèque aujourd’hui, le père Unzeitig est entré au
séminaire, chez les Missionnaires de Mariannhill, à 18 ans. Ordonné prêtre à 28
ans, il choisit comme devise: « Si personne ne veut y aller,
j’irai! ». <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il critiqua le régime de
Hitler, protestant notamment contre les persécutions des Juifs. De la chaire de
l’église, pendant la messe, il invitait les catholiques à « rester
fidèles » à Dieu et à résister aux « mensonges » du régime. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Arrêté par la Gestapo et
emprisonné en juin 1941, il est déporté à Dachau, sans jugement. Il commence à
y apprendre le russe afin de mieux aider les prisonniers d’Europe orientale. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il gagne une réputation
de « saint » en soignant les détenus malades. Pendant l’hiver 1944-1945, une
épidémie de typhus se déclencha à Dachau. Avec les autres prêtres-prisonniers,
le père Unzeitig entrait dans les baraques des malades où les officiers SS
n’osaient plus entrer. Tout en étant conscient des risques qu’il courait,
il soignait, lavait, consolait les mourants et il priait avec eux. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Finalement, le père
Unzeitig souffrit lui aussi du typhus et il s’éteignit le 2 mars 1945,
quelques semaines avant la libération du camp par les Américains.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« La grâce de Dieu
Tout-Puissant nous aide à surmonter tout obstacle, a écrit le père Unzeitig
dans une lettre écrite de Dachau à sa sœur. L’amour double notre force,
nous rend inventifs, heureux et libres… Même derrière les plus grands
sacrifices et les pires souffrances, Dieu est là, avec son amour
paternel. » <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le père Engelmar Unzeitig
a été déclaré vénérable par le pape Benoît XVI en 2009. Le 21 janvier 2016, le
pape François a reconnu son martyr: un autre « miracle » n’est
pas nécessaire pour sa béatification. Pour sa canonisation, il faura la
reconnaissance d’un miracle comme dû à sa prière d’intercession. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SEPTEMBRE 25, 2016
13:19ANGÉLUS, PAPES <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Anita Bourdin Journaliste
française accréditée près le Saint-Siège depuis 1995. Rédactrice en chef de
fr.zenit.org. Elle a lancé le service français Zenit en janvier 1999. Master en
journalisme (Bruxelles). Maîtrise en lettres classiques (Paris). Habilitation
au doctorat en théologie biblique (Rome). Correspondante à Rome de Radio
Espérance.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://fr.zenit.org/">Engelmar Unzeitig: "A la haine, il a
opposé l’amour, à la férocité la douceur" | ZENIT - Francais</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://fr.zenit.org/2016/09/25/engelmar-unzeitig-a-la-haine-il-a-oppose-lamour-a-la-ferocite-la-douceur/">https://fr.zenit.org/2016/09/25/engelmar-unzeitig-a-la-haine-il-a-oppose-lamour-a-la-ferocite-la-douceur/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Engelmar Unzeitig"><b>Blessed Engelmar Unzeitig</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/2-march">2 March</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Angel of Dachau<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hubert Unzeitig<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/professed">Professed</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-priests">priest</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/congregation-of-the-missionaries-of-mariannhill">Congregation
of Missionaries of Mariannhill</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-priests">ordained</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/time-line-1939">1939</a> and
taking the name Engelmar. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/parish">Parish</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-priests">priest</a> in
Glöckelberg, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-the-czech-republic">Czech
Republic</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-prisoners">Arrested</a> by
the Gestapo on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/21-april">21 April</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/time-line-1941">1941</a> for
the crime of being a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-priests">priest</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-preachers">preaching</a> against
the teachings of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/martyred-by-nazis">Nazis</a>,
he was sent to the Dachau concentration camp where he ministered to other <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-prisoners">prisoners</a>.
He learned <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-russia">Russian</a> so
he could minister to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-prisoners">prisoners</a> from
Eastern <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-europe">Europe</a>.
He volunteered to tend to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-prisoners">prisoners</a> suffering
from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-against-typhus">typhoid</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-dying-people">died</a> of
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-against-typhus">disease</a> himself.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/1-march">1 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/time-line-1911">1911</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-the-czech-republic">Czech
Republic</a> as Hubert Unzeitig<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-against-typhus">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/2-march">2 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/time-line-1945">1945</a> in
Dachau, Oberbayern, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-germany">Germany</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-against-typhus">typhoid
fever</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/3-july">3 July</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/time-line-2009">2009</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/pope-benedict-xvi">Benedict
XVI</a> (decree of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/heroic-virtues">heroic
virtues</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/24-september">24
September</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/time-line-2016">2016</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/pope-francis">Francis</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/beatification">beatification</a> celebrated
in the Cathedral of Sankt Kilian, Würzburg, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-germany">Germany</a>,
presided by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/cardinal">Cardinal</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/cardinal-angelo-amato">Angelo
Amato</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/the-angel-of-dachau-pope-francis-declares-concentration-camp-priest-a-martyr-37194/" target="_blank">Catholic News Agency</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.cirkev.cz/archiv/081023-beatification-candidates-v-two-priests-from-dachau-and-religious-sister" target="_blank">Czech Bishops Conference</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1945.htm#Unzeitig" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2016/09/25/pope_francis_bl_engelmar_unzeitig_cmm_a_model_of_charity/1260600" target="_blank">Radio Vaticana</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308024616/http:/www.news.va:80/en/news/pope-francis-approves-decrees-for-miracles-martyrd?" target="_blank">Vatican News Service</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>video</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX_ff5Dd9uIC_h5KmoSigjUv" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/engelmar-unzeitig.html" target="_blank">Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/97638" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Readings</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Whatever we do, whatever
we want, is surely simply the grace that carries us and guides us. God’s
almighty grace helps us overcome obstacles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Love doubles our
strength, makes us inventive, makes us feel content and inwardly free. If
people would only realize what God has in store for those who love him!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Even behind the hardest
sacrifices and worst suffering stands God with his Fatherly love, who is
satisfied with the good will of his children and gives them and others
happiness.’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">– from letters written
from the Dachau concentration camp by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Engelmar
to his sister<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Engelmar
Unzeitig“. CatholicSaints.Info. 15 July 2023. Web. 2 March 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-engelmar-unzeitig/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>POPE FRANCIS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANGELUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Peter's Square</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Sunday, 25 September 2016</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear Brothers and
Sisters,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Yesterday, Engelmar
Unzeitig was beatified in Würzburg, Germany. This priest of the Congregation of
Mariannhill Missionaries was killed in hatred of the Faith in Dachau
concentration camp. He countered hatred with love, and he responded to ferocity
with meekness. May his example help us to be witnesses of charity and hope even
in the midst of trials.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I willingly extend my
support to the Bishops of Mexico in sustaining the efforts of the Church and
civil society in favour of the family and of life, which at this time call for
special pastoral and cultural attention throughout the world. I assure you of
my prayers for the beloved Mexican people, that the violence, which in recent
days has even affected several priests, may cease.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Today marks World Deaf
Day. I wish to greet all deaf people, who are also gathered here, and to
encourage them to offer their contribution to make the Church and society
increasingly capable of welcoming everyone.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And lastly I extend my
special greeting to all of you, dear catechists! Thank you for your commitment
to the Church through the service of evangelization, in passing on the Faith.
May Our Lady help you to persevere on the path of faith and to bear witness
with your lives to what you transmit in the catechesis.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig CMM</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
(1911- 1945)</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Father Engelmar has been called the Angel of Dachau. Father Engelmar was
born in Greifendorf, Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) in 1911. At the
age of 18 he entered the seminary of the Mariannhill Missionaries in
Reimlingen. He spent his student days in Würzburg. In May 1938 he made
his final profession of vows in the Congregation of the Missionaries</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mariannhill. He was
ordained to the priesthood in 1939 and spent 1940 as parish priest in
Glöckelberg, Austria.<br />
<br />
On April 21, 1941 he was arrested by the Gestapo and ultimately sent to the
concentration camp of Dachau. While in Dachau he studied Russian in order
to be able to help the prisoners from Eastern Europe. In the autumn
of 1944 he volunteered to help in the typhoid barrack in the concentration
camp. In his desire to help the typhoid victims he contracted the disease
himself. He died on March 2, 1945. He was regarded as a holy man.
His beatification process was initiated on July 26. 1991, in Würzburg,
Germany. And its second stage was officially opened at the Vatican in May
1999.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In a letter from Dachau to his sister, he wrote: “Whatever we do, whatever we
want, is surely simply the grace that carries us and guides us. God’s almighty
grace helps us overcome obstacles … love doubles our strength, makes us
inventive, makes us feel content and inwardly free. If people would only
realize what God has in store for those who love him!”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
He also wrote from this hell of suffering: ‘Even behind the hardest sacrifices
and worst suffering stands God with his Fatherly love, who is satisfied with
the good will of his children and gives them and others happiness.’</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Available the Novena to Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
There is now available a novena booklet of Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig, C.M.M. You
may receive a free copy of it by sending a stamped (postage for one ounce,
currently 63 cents), self-addressed envelope to us at:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
LEAVES</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">PO Box 87</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dearborn MI 48121-0087<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariannhill.us/engelmar.html">https://www.mariannhill.us/engelmar.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Pope Francis approves
decrees for miracles, martyrdom</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2016-01-22 Vatican Radio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Vatican Radio) Pope Francis on Thursday
evening authorized the promulgation of several decrees from the Congregation
for the Causes of Saints.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Three Blesseds have had
the way opened to canonization after miracles attributed to their intercession
have been approved, while 5 decrees (2 miracles, 3 of martyrdom) have opened to
way to beatification for 7 people.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition, two decrees
of heroic virtue were approved.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Here is a full list of
the decrees promulgated<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- a miracle, attributed
to the intercession of Blessed Stanislaus of Jesus and Mary Papczyński,
O.I.C., Founder of the Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate
Conception of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary; born 18 May 1631 in Podegrodzie,
Poland, and died 17 September 1701 in Góra Kalwaria;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- a miracle, attributed
to the intercession of Blessed Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero, Diocesan
priest; born 16 March 1840 in Córdoba, Argentina, and died 26 January
1914 in Córdoba, Argentina;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- a miracle, attributed
to the intercession of Blessed Blessed José Luis Sánchez del Río,
layperson, martyr; born 28 March 1913 in Sahuayo, Mexico, and died 10 February
1928 in Sahuayo, Mexico;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- a miracle, attributed
to the intercession of the Venerable Servant of God Francesco Maria Greco,
diocesan priest, founder of the Congregation of the Little Sisters of the
Sacred Hearts; born 27 July 1857 in Acri, Italy, and died 13 January 1931 in
Acri, Italy;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- a miracle, attributed
to the intercession of the Venerable Servant of God Elisabetta Sanna,
laywoman, widow, professed member of the Third Order of St Francis and member of
the Union of Catholic Apostolate founded by St Vincent Pallotti; ; born 23
April 1788 in Codrongianos, Sardinia, and died 17 February 1857 in Rome;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- the martyrdom of
the Venerable Servant of God Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig CMM (born Hubert),
professed preist of the Congregation of the Mariannhill Mission Society, born 1
March 1911 in Greifendorf, Czech Republic (formerly Austria-Hungary), killed in
hatred of the Faith on 2 March 1945;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- the martyrdom of
the Servant of God Genaro Fueyo Castañón, diocesan priest, and three
lay companions, killed in hatred of the Faith in 1936 in Spain;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- the martyrdom of
the Servant of God Justo Takayama Ukon, layperson; born between 1552 and
1553 in Japan, and died from the hatred of the Faith on 3 February 1615 in
Manila, Philippines;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- The heroic virtues of
the Servant of God Arsenio da Trigolo (born Giuseppe Migliavacca),
professed priest of the Order of Friar Minors Capuchin, Founder of the
Congregation of the Sisters of Mary the Consoler; born 13 June 1849 in Trigolo,
Italy, and died 10 December 1909 in Bergamo, Italy;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- The heroic virtues of
the Servant of God Maria Luisa del Santissimo Sacramento (al secolo:
Maria Velotti), of the Third Order of Saint Francis, foundress of the Institue
of the Adoration Sisters of the Holy Cross; born 16 November 1826 in Naples,
Italy, and died 3 September 1886 in Casoria, Italy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308024616/http:/en.radiovaticana.va/news/2016/01/22/pope_francis_approves_decrees_for_miracles,_martyrdom/1202877">(from
Vatican Radio)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308024616/http:/www.news.va:80/en/news/pope-francis-approves-decrees-for-miracles-martyrd">https://web.archive.org/web/20160308024616/http://www.news.va:80/en/news/pope-francis-approves-decrees-for-miracles-martyrd</a>?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Angel of Dachau: Pope
Francis declares concentration camp priest a martyr, </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vatican City, Jan 26,
2016 / 06:03 am<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig, a
young priest with Czech roots serving in Germany and Austria, was arrested by
the Nazis on April 21, 1941.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">His crime? Preaching
against the Third Reich from his pulpit, particularly against their treatment
of the Jewish people. He encouraged his congregation to be faithful to God and
to resist the lies of the Nazi regime.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As punishment, Fr.
Unzeitig was sent to what <a href="http://www.catholicregister.org/columns/item/20156-the-heroes-of-dachau">has
been called the "largest monastery in the world"</a>: Dachau
concentration camp, which became renowned for the number of ministers and priests
within its walls.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The camp housed some
2,700 clergy, roughly 95 percent of whom were Catholic priests from Poland,
making it one of the largest residences for priests in the history of the
Church – hence the name.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Father Unzeitig was just
30 years old, and two years ordained, when he was sent to Dachau. Born in
Greifendorf, in what is now the Czech Republic, in 1911, Fr. Unzeitig joined
the seminary at the age of 18 and became a priest for the <a href="http://www.mariannhill.us/home.html">Mariannhill Mission Society</a>,
whose motto is: "If no one else will go: I will go!"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">While imprisoned at the
camp, Father studied Russian in order to be able to help the influx of
prisoners from Eastern Europe, and had a reputation at the camp as a holy man.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Treatment of the priests
and ministers at Dachau was unpredictable – sometimes they were allowed to
worship, at others they were severely treated. On one particular Good Friday,
dozens of priests were selected for torture to mark the occasion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For several years, Fr.
Unzeitig was able to remain in relatively stable health despite the poor
treatment he received. However, when a wave of the often-fatal typhoid fever
swept through the camp in 1945, he and 19 other priests volunteered to do what
no one else wanted to – care for the sick and dying in the typhoid barracks, an
almost-certain death sentence in and of itself. He and his companions spent
their days bathing and caring for the sick, praying with them and offering last
rites.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Despite his bleak
circumstances, Fr. Unzeitig found his hope and joy in his faith, as evidenced
in letters to his sister from the camp:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Whatever we do,
whatever we want, is surely simply the grace that carries us and guides us.
God's almighty grace helps us overcome obstacles … love doubles our strength,
makes us inventive, makes us feel content and inwardly free. If people would
only realize what God has in store for those who love him!" he wrote.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In another letter he
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Even behind the
hardest sacrifices and worst suffering stands God with his Fatherly love, who
is satisfied with the good will of his children and gives them and others
happiness."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eventually, on March 2,
1945, Fr. Unzeitig succumbed to typhoid fever himself, along with all but two
of the other priest volunteers. Dachau was liberated by American soldiers just
a few weeks later, on April 29.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In recognition of his
heroic virtue, Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig was declared venerable by Benedict XVI on
July 3, 2009.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On January 21, Pope
Francis officially acknowledged Fr. Unzeitig as a martyr, killed in hatred of
the faith, which opens the path for his beatification, the next step in
becoming a canonized saint.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tags:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/3179/venerable-engelmar-unzeitig">Venerable
Engelmar Unzeitig</a>,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/3180/mariannhill-mission-society">Mariannhill
Mission Society</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/33302/the-angel-of-dachau-pope-francis-declares-concentration-camp-priest-a-martyr">https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/33302/the-angel-of-dachau-pope-francis-declares-concentration-camp-priest-a-martyr</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2016-09-25 13:01:00<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Pope Francis: Bl.
Engelmar Unzeitig CMM a model of charity</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Vatican Radio) Pope
Francis prayed the Angelus with the faithful gathered in St.
Peter’s Square on Sunday, following a Mass to mark the <a href="http://www.iubilaeummisericordiae.va/content/gdm/en/roma/grandi-eventi/2016-09-25-catechisti.html">Jubilee
of Catechists</a> celebrated as part of the <a href="http://www.iubilaeummisericordiae.va/content/gdm/en.html">Extraordinary
Jubilee Year of Mercy</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In remarks to the
faithful ahead of the mid-day prayer of Marian devotion, the Holy Father
recalled the beatification – which took place in the German city of Würzburg on
Saturday – of the Servant of God, <a href="http://www.mariannhill.us/engelmar.html">Fr. Engelmar Unzeitig CMM</a>,
a Czech-born priest who ministered in Austria and was martyred in the Nazi
concentration camp at Dachau.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“[Saturday], in
Würzburg,” said Pope Francis, “Engelmar Unzeitig, priest of the Congregation of
the Missionaries of Mariannhill, was proclaimed Blessed.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Holy Father went on
to say, “Killed in hatred of the faith in the extermination camp of Dachau, he
opposed hatred with love, and answered ferocity answered with meekness: may his
example help us to be witnesses of charity and hope even in the midst of
trials.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2016/09/25/pope_francis_bl_engelmar_unzeitig_cmm_a_model_of_charity/en-1260600">https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2016/09/25/pope_francis_bl_engelmar_unzeitig_cmm_a_model_of_charity/en-1260600</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beatification of Engelmar
Unzeitig</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On Saturday, September
24, 2016, Cardinal Angelo Amato proclaimed Father Engelmar Unzeitig blessed in
the Cathedral of Wurzburg in Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mariannhill Missionary
Father Engelmar Unzeitig (1911-1945) was sent to Dachau for opposing Nazi
teaching and defending Jews from the pulpit. At the concentration camp, he
ministered to the other prisoners. They began calling him the “Angel of
Dachau.” In noting the beatification before praying the midday Angelus on
Sunday, September 25, 2016, Pope Francis spoke of Father Unzeitig as a priest
who “opposed hate with love and cruelty with meekness.” He prayed that his
testimony might help us to be “testimonies of charity and hope, even in the
midst of tribulations.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born Hubert Unzeitig on
March 1, 1911 in lands that today are part of the Czech Republic, he was
professed a priest in the Congregation of Missionaries of Mariannhill, ordained
in 1939 and taking the name Engelmar. He was named parish priest in
Glöckelberg. Arrested by the Gestapo on April 21, 1941 for the crime of being a
priest and preaching against the teachings of the Nazis, he was sent to the
Dachau concentration camp where he ministered to other prisoners. He learned
Russian so he could minister to prisoners from Eastern Europe. He volunteered
to tend to prisoners suffering from typhoid and died of the disease himself on
March 2, 1945.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From prison, he wrote to
his sister: "Whatever we do, whatever we want, is surely simply the grace
that carries us and guides us. God's almighty grace helps us overcome obstacles
... love doubles our strength, makes us inventive, makes us feel content and
inwardly free. If people would only realize what God has in store for those who
love Him!"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pope Benedict XVI
recognized the heroic virtues of Unzeitig in 2009. Pope Francis recognized the
fact that Unzeitig died "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) in
January 2016 and that served as the prerequisite for his beatification that was
celebrated on 24 September 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholic.co.il/?id=14037&cat=&view=article&lang=fr&m">https://catholic.co.il/?id=14037&cat=&view=article&lang=fr&m</a>=<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beato Engelmaro
(Hubert) Unzeitig</b> Sacerdote e martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/03/02">2 marzo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hradec nadSvitavou,
Repubblica Ceca, 1° marzo 1911 – Dachau, Germania, 2 marzo 1945<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Padre EngelmaroUnzeitig,
al battesimo Hubert, entrò nel seminario per vocazioni adulte dei Missionari di
Mariannhill, presso i quali emise i voti perpetui nel 1938; l’anno seguente fu
ordinato sacerdote. Nel 1941 era provvisore della parrocchia diGlockelbergnella
foresta boema, quando, il 21 aprile, venne arrestato dalla Gestapo. La sua
destinazione finale fu il campo di concentramento di Dachau, dove esercitò il
ministero e la carità a dispetto della situazione di prova. Nell’autunno 1944 si
verificò un’epidemia di tifo nel campo di concentramento: padre Engelmaro, che
si era offerto volontario per curare gli ammalati, contrasse la malattia e ne
morì il 2 marzo 1945. Il suo processo di beatificazione ha seguito un duplice
binario: all’accertamento delle virtù eroiche, approvate il 3 luglio 2009, è
seguito il riconoscimento del martirio, arrivato il 21 gennaio 2016. È stato
beatificato il 24 settembre 2016nella cattedrale di San Chilianoa Würzburg. I
suoi resti mortali, che a Dachau erano stati inceneriti a parte, sono venerati
nella chiesa annessa alla Casa dei Missionari di Mariannhill a Würzburg. La sua
memoria liturgica, per i Missionari di Mariannhill, cade il 2 marzo, giorno
anniversario della sua nascita al Cielo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Nascita, famiglia e primi
anni</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nacquea Greifendorf, in una ristretta zona di lingua tedesca nell’attuale
Repubblica Ceca (oggi si chiama Hradec nadSvitavou) il 1° marzo 1911, ultimo
dei sei figli di Johann Unzeitig, proprietario di una piccola fattoria,
eCäciliaKokl. Quattro giorni dopo la nascita ricevette, col battesimo, il nome
di Hubert.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Rimase orfano di padre quando quest’ultimo, chiamato alle armi durante la prima
guerra mondiale, morì come prigioniero di guerra il 14 gennaio 1916, a Simbirsk
sul Volga. La madre, a prezzo di enormi sacrifici, riuscì a mandare avanti la
fattoria e a non far mancare l’istruzione religiosa alle altre quattro figlie e
a Hubert, che ricevette il 16 maggio 1920 la Prima Comunione e il 26 settembre
1921 la Cresima. Frequentò la scuola primaria dal 14 settembre 1917 fino al 27
giugno 1926, riportando voti eccellenti.<br />
<br /><b>
Vocazione sacerdotale</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per un anno lavorò presso un altro contadino a Vresioce, così da imparare
meglio il ceco, poi tornò ad aiutare la madre nella fattoria di casa. Terminato
il lavoro, si rifugiava nella lettura e nella preghiera: fu così che, col
tempo, comprese di dover diventare sacerdote.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tuttavia i seminari della regione erano già al completo, quindi pensò di dover
andare all’estero. Chiese quindi aiuto a un padre redentorista a Vierzighuben,
che gli suggerì di domandare l’ammissione al seminario per vocazioni adulte a
Riemlingen, nella Svevia, retto dai padri Missionari di Mariannhill.<br />
<br /><b>
I Missionari di Mariannhill</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Si trattava di una congregazione nata grazie adom Francesco Pfanner, al secolo
Wendelin, monaco trappista. Aveva accettato la fondazione di un monastero in
Africa e da allora aveva integrato il carisma originario con una spinta verso
le missioni estere. Questo, però, mal si conciliava con l’intensa preghiera,
l’assoluto silenzio e il rigoroso digiuno previsto dalla regola monastica.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dovette intervenire papa Pio X in persona, per distaccare l’abbazia di
Mariannhill, fondata da domPfanner, dall’ordine; avvenne nel 1909, poco prima
della morte del fondatore (anche per lui è aperto il processo di
beatificazione). Da allora, diventati congregazione autonoma, i padri
Missionari di Mariannhill ebbero una notevole espansione.<br />
<br /><b>
Formazione e professione religiosa</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Hubert fu quindi ammesso in seminario; anche lì ottenne risultati molto buoni,
superando l’esame di maturità nel 1934. L’anno prima, in occasione del Giubileo
della Redenzione, si era recato in pellegrinaggio a Roma, percorrendo alcuni
tratti in treno, altri a piedi o perfino facendo l’autostop.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Conseguita la maturità, trascorse qualche giorno in patria, poi si trasferì a
Venlo, nei Paesi Bassi, luogo del noviziato della provincia tedesca dei padri
di Mariannhill. Il 30 aprile 1934, con la vestizione religiosa, cambiò nome in
fra Engelmaro (o Engelmar, alla tedesca); il 1° maggio 1935 compì laprima
professione religiosa.Proseguì gli studi di filosofia e teologia, in vista del
sacerdozio, presso il Pius-Seminar della sua congregazione a Würzburg; per
conto suo studiava francese, inglese, italiano e russo. Infine, il 1° maggio
1938, professò i voti perpetui.<br />
<br /><b>
Ordinazione e primi incarichi</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Venne ordinato sacerdote il 6 agosto 1939 e celebrò la Prima Messa al suo paese
il 15 agosto.Di lì a poco si verificò l’invasione tedesca della Polonia,
pretesto per l’inizio della seconda guerra mondiale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nell’autunno 1940 padre Engelmaro venne destinato al castello di Riedeggnell,
sede della provincia austriaca dei Missionari di Mariannhill. Lì tornò utile la
sua conoscenza del francese, in quanto divenne cappellano di trenta prigionieri
di guerra francesi.<br />
<br /><b>
A Glöckelberg</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 18 dicembre 1940 fu nominato “provvisore” della parrocchia di Glöckelberg
(oggi Zvonková), nella foresta boema, quasi ai confini dell’odierna Repubblica
Ceca. Il luogo era quasi inospitale: a 800 metri sul livello del mare, in una
regione molto povera, con inverni rigidi; in tutto contava 1200 parrocchiani.
Padre Engelmaro riuscì ad adattarsi e fece venire con sé sua sorella Maria,
come perpetua.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ogni domenica teneva le sue omelie e iniziò anche a fare catechismo a scuola.
Tuttavia, con l’intensificarsi delle persecuzioni contro gli ebrei, comprese di
dover convincere i suoi parrocchiani che aderire al regime nazista era
ingiusto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Gli stessi ragazzi a scuola cercavano di porgli domande insidiose, così da
fargli pronunciare risposte palesemente ostili. Alla fine furono il padre di un
capo della Gioventù hitleriana e un soldato delle SA (Sturm Abteilungen,
“squadre d’assalto”) a denunciarlo: subì un primo interrogatorio nell’ufficio
della Gestapo.<br />
<br /><b>
L’arresto</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 21 aprile 1941 sua sorella vide arrivare un’automobile nei pressi della casa
parrocchiale. Dopo un attimo, padre Engelmaro la raggiunse: «Guarda, è arrivata
la Gestapo! Vieni subito con me!».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Intanto gli ufficiali avevano iniziato la perquisizione dell’ufficio
parrocchiale, esaminando in particolare gli appunti delle omelie. Il sacerdote
ebbe appena il tempo di mettere qualcosa in borsa, poi dovette seguire gli
uomini della polizia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per sette settimane subì il carcere preventivo a Linz, mentre gli abitanti di
Glockelberg erano rimasti sconvolti per l’accaduto. Restava comunque
preoccupato per la parrocchia, tanto da scrivere alla sorella per chiederle di
mandare un successore e per poter ricevere i manuali di teologia necessari per
l’esame quinquennale.<br />
<br /><b>
Nel campo di Dachau</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Non ebbe il tempo di prepararsi: il 3 giugno 1941 fu trasferito al campo di
concentramento di Dachau. Gli fu concesso di scrivere ai parenti due volte a
settimana, ma il tenore delle lettere non doveva lasciar trasparire nulla della
vera vita nel campo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Eccone un saggio, risalente al 7 settembre 1941: «State tutti bene? Anch’io,
grazie a Dio. Il nostro orario fa sì che il tempo trascorra volando per noi:
andiamo a letto subito; ci alziamo presto. Tra il pranzo, la Santa Messa, il
sonno, la benedizione della sera, la preghiera del breviario… la vita è
abbastanza varia… Cerco di sfruttare il tempo al meglio possibile per la
perfezione spirituale e religiosa. Nel mio programma, la preghiera e la
penitenza occupano un posto molto preciso. Ogni giorno vi raccomando a Dio
nella Santa Messa».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Testimonianze successive dimostrano di che tenore fosse la “vita varia” cui fa
cenno padre Engelmaro: lavori forzati, come quelli cui erano incaricati i circa
tremila ministri sacri, perlopiù cattolici e protestanti. Ad esempio, dovevano
portare a tutti gli altri blocchi le pentole col rancio, oppure dovevano
lavorare negli orti ricavati da un terreno paludoso.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Effettivamente, lui sfruttava il suo tempo libero provando a scrivere un libro,
oppure pregando nella cappella presente nel blocco 26, il famoso
“Pfarrerblock”, destinato esclusivamente ai sacerdoti. Preghiera e penitenza
erano poi vissute in maniera speciale quando doveva resistere alle offese che
le guardie del campo gli scagliavano contro.<br />
<br /><b>
La morte per “eccesso di carità”</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Durante l’estate del 1942 si verificò una carenza nei razionamenti: nelle sue
lettere, chiese che i suoi familiari non si dovessero privare del cibo per
inviarlo a lui che, in ogni caso, lo ripartiva tra i compagni di prigionia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Alla fame si aggiunse, nel 1944, un’epidemia di tifo: chi si ammalava e
sopravviveva veniva trattato come un esperimento da laboratorio, ma i più
soccombevano. Come il suo fondatore, che accettò di partire per l’Africa
affermando: «Se nessun altro vuole andare, andrò io», così padre Engelmaro si
offrì volontario per assistere gli ammalati e, nel frattempo, prepararli alla
morte con l’amministrazione dei Sacramenti, visto che le SS si tenevano ben
lontane per evitare il contagio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A sua volta ne fu vittima in prima persona: morì quindi il 2 marzo 1945, il
giorno dopo il suo trentaquattresimo compleanno. Dei suoi sei anni di
sacerdozio, quattro erano trascorsi in prigionia.<br />
<br /><b>
Il salvataggio dei suoi resti mortali</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Grazie a un confratello prigioniero, che aveva fatto amicizia con un addetto ai
forni crematori, il suo corpo venne bruciato a parte. Venne riconosciuto
tramite il numero di matricola 26147, con cui era stato marchiato al momento di
entrare nel campo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le sue ceneri, altrettanto fortunosamente, riuscirono ad arrivare il 30 marzo
1945, Venerdì Santo, dai Missionari di Mariannhill, che le conservarono nella
loro cappella funeraria nel cimitero comunale di Wurzburg. Il 20 novembre 1968
l’urna di metallo, che nel 1947 aveva sostituito la scatoletta di legno nella
quale erano state conservate le ceneri, venne traslata nella chiesa del Sacro
Cuore, annessa alla casa dei Missionari di Mariannhill.<br />
<br /><b>
Processo sulle virtù eroiche</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il suo processo di beatificazione, dopo il nulla osta della Santa Sede
risalente al 5 settembre 1988, ha avuto un percorso davvero singolare: a
partire dal 26 luglio 1991 si è svolta una doppia inchiesta, volta ad accertare
contemporaneamente sia l’eroicità delle sue virtù, sia il martirio; nel primo
caso, per beatificarlo, sarebbe stato necessario un miracolo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’inchiesta diocesana sulle virtù eroiche si è quindi conclusa nel giugno 1996
ed è stata convalidata l’11 gennaio 2002. I consultori teologi, il 30 gennaio
2009, e i cardinali e vescovi membri della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi,
il 28 aprile seguente, si sono pronunciati favorevolmente circa l’esercizio in
grado eroico delle virtù da padre Engelmaro, che alla fine è stato dichiarato
Venerabile col decreto del 3 luglio 2009.<br />
<br /><b>
Processo sul martirio</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tuttavia, già durante l’escussione dei testimoni nel processo diocesano, era
emersa la possibilità che potesse essere dichiarato martire, in quanto è morto
di malattia, ma “ex aerumniscarceris”, cioè a causa delle estreme sofferenze
patite durante la prigionia; molti di coloro che hanno deposto non hanno
esitato a definirlo così. La sua offerta volontaria, inoltre, può essere
paragonata a quella del già citato san Massimiliano Maria Kolbe, visto che è
andato incontro alla morte con analoga consapevolezza.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’inchiesta diocesana sul martirio, iniziata come l’altra il 26 luglio 1991, si
è quindi conclusa il 25 maggio 2012 ed è stata convalidata il 14 dicembre dello
stesso anno. L’11 marzo 2014 i consultori teologi hanno emesso parere positivo
circa la dichiarazione di martirio. Infine, il 21 gennaio 2016, papa Francesco
ha autorizzato la promulgazione del decreto che confermava la morte da martire
di padre Engelmaro.<br />
<br /><b>
La beatificazione come martire</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il rito della sua beatificazione è stato celebrato sabato 24 settembre 2016
nella cattedrale di San Chiliano (SanktKilian) a Würzburg, alla presenza del
cardinal Angelo Amato come delegato del Santo Padre. La sua memoria liturgica è
stata fissata al 2 marzo, giorno esatto della sua nascita al Cielo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il Beato EngelmaroUnzeitig è il primo dei Missionari di Mariannhill ad ottenere
l’aureola, ma subito dopo la morte era stato definito “angelo di Dachau”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In uno dei suoi ultimi messaggi alla famigliaha lasciato questa sorta di
testamento spirituale: «Qualunque cosa facciamo, qualunque cosa vogliamo, è
sempre e solo la grazia che ci guida e ci porta. La grazia di Dio onnipotente
ci aiuta a superare ogni ostacolo. L’amore duplica le nostre forze, ci rende
fantasiosi, contenti e liberi. Se solo la gente sapesse che cosa Dio ha in
serbo per quelli che Lo amano».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Emilia Flocchini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/97638">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/97638</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PAPA FRANCESCO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANGELUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Piazza San Pietro</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Domenica, 25 settembre 2016</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cari fratelli e sorelle,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ieri, a Würzburg
(Germania), è stato proclamato Beato Engelmar Unzeitig, sacerdote della
Congregazione dei Missionari di Mariannhill. Ucciso in odio alla fede nel campo
di sterminio di Dachau, egli all’odio contrappose l’amore, alla ferocia rispose
con la mitezza. Il suo esempio ci aiuti ad essere testimoni di carità e di
speranza anche in mezzo alle tribolazioni.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mi associo ben volentieri
ai Vescovi del Messico nel sostenere l’impegno della Chiesa e della società
civile in favore della famiglia e della vita, che in questo tempo richiedono
speciale attenzione pastorale e culturale in tutto il mondo. E inoltre assicuro
la mia preghiera per il caro popolo messicano, perché cessi la violenza che in
questi giorni ha colpito anche alcuni sacerdoti.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Oggi ricorre la Giornata
Mondiale del Sordo. Desidero salutare tutte le persone sorde, qui pure
rappresentate, e incoraggiarle a dare il loro contributo per una Chiesa e una
società sempre più capaci di accogliere tutti.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">E infine rivolgo il mio
speciale saluto a tutti voi, carissimi catechisti! Grazie del vostro impegno
nella Chiesa al servizio dell’evangelizzazione<a name="_GoBack">,</a> nella
trasmissione della fede. La Madonna vi aiuti a perseverare nel cammino della
fede e a testimoniare con la vita ciò che trasmettete nella catechesi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Angelus Domini…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Engelmar Unzeitig<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>(1911-1945)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">BEATIFICAZIONE:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 24 settembre 2016<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- Papa Francesco<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/celebrazioni/beatificazioni/2016/09/24.html"> Celebrazione</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">RICORRENZA:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 2 marzo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sacerdote professo della
Congregazione dei Missionari di Mariannhill, martire, ucciso in odio alla fede
nel campo di sterminio di Dachau, egli all’odio contrappose l’amore, alla
ferocia rispose con la mitezza. Il suo esempio ci aiuti ad essere testimoni di
carità e di speranza anche in mezzo alle tribolazioni<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> “Se solo la gente sapesse che cosa Dio ha in
serbo per quelli che Lo amano!”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hubert Unzeitig nacque
il 1° marzo 1911 nel paese di Greifendorf, nella regione dello Schönhengstgau,
allora Polonia ma di etnia completamente tedesca. Ricevette il battesimo tre
giorni dopo la nascita, nella chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Caterina Vergine e
Martire del suo paese natale.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La famiglia Unzeitig fu
presto sconvolta da un tragico lutto: nel 1916, imperversando la Prima Guerra
Mondiale, il padre Johann, allora sotto le armi, perse la vita in conseguenza
di un’epidemia di tifo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Durante gli studi, ancora
fanciullo, sentì crescere in lui il desiderio di consacrarsi al servizio
di Dio e di lavorare per la Sua gloria e per il bene del prossimo, in modo
particolare nelle missioni. Dopo aver letto casualmente alcune riviste dei
Missionari di Marianhill, inoltrò una richiesta ai superiori della
Congregazione per esservi accolto, ricevendo una risposta positiva. Poté così
recarsi, il 18 aprile 1928, a Reimlingen, in Baviera, nel seminario per le
vocazioni adulte e compiervi gli studi liceali.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terminato il corso degli
studi previsto, fu inviato nella casa di noviziato di St. Paul presso Arcen, in
Olanda, ove il 30 aprile 1934 iniziò l’anno di prova con la vestizione e
ricevette il nome religioso di Engelmar. Il 1° maggio 1935, emise la
professione religiosa dei voti semplici. Si trasferì quindi a Würzburg, nel
Seminario San Pio X, per attendere agli studi di filosofia e teologia, coronati
con l’ordinazione sacerdotale il 6 agosto 1939 e la prima Messa nel suo paese
natale il successivo 15 agosto.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nell’estate del 1940 fu
inviato per la sua prima attività sacerdotale a Riedegg, nell’Austria
settentrionale, e due mesi dopo, su richiesta esplicita del Vescovo di Linz, il
Venerabile Servo di Dio fu nominato parroco di Glöckelberg, un paese situato in
Boemia, ma in quel tempo annesso alla Germania e dipendente dalla Diocesi di
Linz. L’aver palesato onestamente e semplicemente le sue opinioni, ispirate
alla dottrina cattolica, attirò su di sé l’attenzione delle autorità naziste.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Denunciato alla Gestapo
venne arrestato il 21 aprile 1941. In particolare fu accusato di aver predicato
sulla sovranità universale di Cristo e di non aver riconosciuto così l’assoluta
autorità del Führer, Adolf Hitler. Inoltre, in seguito a una domanda capziosa,
aveva affermato che anche gli ebrei sono uomini come gli altri e quindi hanno
gli stessi diritti e doveri.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Contrariamente a tutte le
attese, fondate sulla sua evidente innocenza, dopo sei settimane di detenzione
a Linz fu ritenuto colpevole e condannato al campo di concentramento di Dachau.
P. Engelmar affrontò la prigionia con quella serenità e con quella
rassegnazione che sono proprie delle persone vicine a Dio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pur essendo di natura
timida e riservata, allacciò in breve tempo buoni rapporti con tutti i suoi
compagni, riuscendo in qualche caso anche a dialogare con qualche esponente
delle SS. Verso la fine del 1944, a causa del massiccio e incontrollato arrivo
di molti prigionieri dall’Est, si diffuse nel campo un’esiziale epidemia di
tifo petecchiale o esantematico.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’alto tasso di mortalità
e la mancanza di infermieri costrinse le autorità del campo a rivolgersi ai
sacerdoti prigionieri, finora sempre disprezzati e oppressi, con la richiesta
di alcuni volontari per assistere i contagiati. Incurante delle possibili
conseguenze, costituite dal sicuro contagio e quindi dalla morte, il Venerabile
Servo di Dio si offrì per curare i malati e portare loro gli ultimi conforti
religiosi. Come era prevedibile, dopo poco tempo, fu egli stesso contagiato e
si spense il 2 marzo 1945. Fu possibile cremare a parte il corpo del Beato e
raccoglierne le ceneri, che furono poi fortunosamente portate fuori del campo
di concentramento e il 30 marzo 1945 sepolte nella cripta dei Missionari di
Mariannhill a Würzburg.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il 20 novembre 1968
l’urna venne poi traslata e tumulata nella Herz-Jesu-Kirche degli stessi Padri
Missionari a Würzburg. Per la sua costante apertura e disponibilità alle
necessità del prossimo, Engelmar Unzeitig fu successivamente ricordato come
“l’angelo di Dachau”, “il Massimiliano Kolbe dei tedeschi” e “il martire della
carità verso il prossimo”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/engelmar-unzeitig.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/engelmar-unzeitig.html</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PAPST FRANZISKUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANGELUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Petersplatz</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Sonntag, 25. September 2016</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Liebe Brüder und
Schwestern!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gestern wurde in Würzburg
(Deutschland) Engelmar Unzeitig seliggesprochen, Priester aus der Kongregation
der Missionare von Mariannhill. Aus Glaubenshass wurde er im Vernichtungslager
von Dachau getötet. Aber dem Hass setzte er die Liebe entgegen, den
Grausamkeiten begegnete er mit Sanftmut. Sein Beispiel helfe uns, auch inmitten
der Drangsal Zeugen der Nächstenliebe und der Hoffnung zu sein. Sehr gern
schließe ich mich den Bischöfen Mexikos an und unterstütze den Einsatz der Kirche
und der Zivilgesellschaft für die Familie und das Leben, die in dieser Zeit auf
der ganzen Welt besondere pastorale und kulturelle Aufmerksamkeit erfordern.
Außerdem versichere ich die mexikanische Bevölkerung meines Gebets, auf dass
die Gewalt ein Ende finde, der in diesen Tagen auch einige Priester zum Opfer
gefallen sind.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Heute wird der Welttag
der Gehörlosen begangen. Ich möchte alle Gehörlosen grüßen, die auch hier
vertreten sind, und sie ermutigen, ihren Beitrag zu einer Kirche und einer
Gesellschaft zu leisten, die immer mehr imstande sind, alle aufzunehmen. Und
zum Schluss gilt mein besonderer Gruß euch, liebe Katecheten! Danke für euren
Einsatz in der Kirche im Dienst an der Evangelisierung, bei der Weitergabe des
Glaubens. Die Gottesmutter stehe euch bei, auf dem Weg des Glaubens ausdauernd
zu sein und mit dem Leben zu bezeugen, was ihr in der Katechese vermittelt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/de/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/de/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">22.01.2016 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Vatikan erkennt
Dachau-Häftling Unzeitig als Märtyrer an<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Freiwillige Krankenpflege
im Lager</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Der Vatikan hat den im
Konzentrationslager Dachau gestorbenen Geistlichen Engelmar Unzeitig als
Märtyrer anerkannt. Der Seligsprechung des aus dem Sudetenland stammenden
Mariannhill-Missionarssteht damit nichts mehr im Weg.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mit Erlaubnis von Papst
Franziskus veröffentlichte die Kongregation für die Selig- und
Heiligsprechungsverfahren am Freitag ein entsprechendes Dekret. Unzeitig
(1911-1945) hatte sich im Lager freiwillig zur Pflege von Typhuskranken
gemeldet und dabei angesteckt,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In weiteren neun
Verfügungen der Kongregation wurde auch dem bereits als Märtyrer bestätigten
seligen Mexikaner Giuseppe Sanchez del Rio (1913-1928) ein Wunder zuerkannt. Er
war während der mexikanischen Christenverfolgung im Alter von 14 Jahren aus
Hass gegen den Glauben erschossen worden.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Unzeitig wurde 1939 in
Würzburg zum Priester geweiht. Nach einer Predigt, in der er sich für die
Rechte der Juden einsetzte, wurde er 1941 im Böhmerwald von der Gestapo
festgenommen. Nach sechs Wochen Haft im österreichischen Linz wurde der Pater
nach Dachau überstellt, wo aufgrund einer Verfügung des Reichsführers der SS,
Heinrich Himmler, rund 2.800 Priester interniert waren. Dort steckte er sich
bei der Pflege von Typhuskranken an und starb am 2. März 1945.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.domradio.de/artikel/vatikan-erkennt-dachau-haeftling-unzeitig-als-maertyrer">https://www.domradio.de/artikel/vatikan-erkennt-dachau-haeftling-unzeitig-als-maertyrer</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PAPA FRANCISCO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ÁNGELUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Plaza de San Pedro</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Domingo 25 de septiembre de 2016</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Queridos hermanos y
hermanas:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ayer, en Würzburg
(Alemania), fue proclamado Beato Engelmar Unzeitig, sacerdote de la
congregación de los Misioneros de Mariannhill. Asesinado por odio a la fe en el
campo de exterminio de Dachau, él contrapuso el amor al odio, a la ferocidad
respondió con la mansedumbre. Que su ejempl0 nos ayude a ser testimonios de
caridad y de esperanza en medio de las tribulaciones.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Me uno con gusto a los
obispos de México en su apoyo al compromiso de la Iglesia y de la sociedad
civil en favor de la familia y de la vida, que en estos tiempos requieren
especial atención pastoral y cultural en todo el mundo. Y además aseguro mi
oración por el querido pueblo mexicano, para que cese la violencia que durante
estos días ha golpeado también a algunos sacerdotes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hoy es la Jornada mundial
del sordo. Deseo saludar a todas las personas sordas también aquí
representadas, y animar a que den su aportación para una Iglesia y una sociedad
cada vez más capaz de acoger a todos. Y por último dirijo un saludo especial a
todos vosotros, ¡queridísimos catequistas! gracias por vuestro compromiso con
la Iglesia al servicio de la evangelización, con la transmisión de la fe. Que
la Virgen os ayude a perseverar en el camino de la fe y a dar testimonio con la
vida de aquello que transmitís en la catequesis.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Angelus Domini…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/es/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/es/angelus/2016/documents/papa-francesco_angelus_20160925.html</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-71998888247697962772024-02-25T12:43:00.000-08:002024-02-25T16:03:55.858-08:00Bienheureuse REGINA MARIAM VATTALIL, vierge religieuse clarisse franciscaine et martyre<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c0/Rani_Maria_Vattalil.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="313" data-original-width="220" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c0/Rani_Maria_Vattalil.jpg" width="225" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani_Maria_Vattalil" title="Rani Maria Vattalil">Sister Rani Maria</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Regina Mariam
Vattalil<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Soeur clarisse
franciscaine, martyre en Inde (+ 1995)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- décret du 23 mars 2017
reconnaissant le martyre de</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Regina Mariam Vattalil (née Rani Maria), sœur professe de la Congrégation des
clarisses franciscaines, tuée en haine de la Foi le 25 Février 1995.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2017/10/31/le_cardinal_amato_va_pr%C3%A9sider_la_b%C3%A9atification_dune_religieuse/fr-1346236" target="_blank">béatification d'une religieuse indienne le 4 novembre 2017</a> à
Indore, en Inde.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Histoire de sainteté: <a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/eglise/news/2020-02/histoire-de-saintete.html" target="_blank">Sœur Rani Maria Vattalil</a>, Vatican News.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Religieuse tuée à coups de couteaux en Inde à l'âge de 41 ans dans un bus.
L'assassin avait été payé par des seigneurs qui lui reprochait son assistance
envers les plus démunis, les aidant à réclamer un juste traitement et un
salaire décent.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L'assassin repenti fut pardonné et accepté par sa famille.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En anglais</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Un <a href="https://youtu.be/5RkpSJeOqRw" target="_blank">film "The
Heart of a Murderer" (extrait vidéo)</a> relate cet événement.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="https://www.idsssindore.in/" target="_blank">Indore Diocese
Social Service (IDSSS)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pendant qu'elle était
tuée, la sœur répétait le nom de Jésus. Le motif de cet homicide était le fait
que la sœur prêchait l'Évangile de la charité et défendait les pauvres de l'injustice
de ceux qui, d'une façon frauduleuse, prenaient possession des terres. Pour
s'opposer à cet abus, sœur Rani cherchait à soustraire les petits propriétaires
au suicide ou à un triste destin de misère absolue, avec des initiatives
concrètes de coopération et de microcrédit. Son œuvre recevait la
reconnaissance du peuple, mais attirait aussi la colère des puissants. Le
martyre de sœur Rani est une bénédiction pour toute l'Église en Inde. Son
sacrifice est devenu un phare de lumière pour la multitude des missionnaires,
qui trouvent en elle inspiration et protection pour leur difficile œuvre de
bien. Depuis toujours, les martyrs ont rendu fertile la terre pour la
génération des nouveaux chrétiens.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cardinal Angelo Amato,
préfet de la Congrégation pour les Causes des Saints<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13181/Bienheureuse-Regina-Mariam-Vattalil.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13181/Bienheureuse-Regina-Mariam-Vattalil.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2017-10-31 17:31:00<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Le cardinal Amato va
présider la béatification d'une religieuse indienne assassinée en 1995</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(RV) Le cardinal Angelo
Amato, préfet de la Congrégation pour les Causes des Saints, présidera le 4
novembre à Indore, en Inde, la béatification de sœur Rani Maria Vattalil
(1954-1995), une sœur clarisse franciscaine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le cardinal Amato s’est confié
sur le sens de cette béatification, au micro de nos collègues du service
italien de Radio Vatican. «Sœur Rani avait faim et soif de justice, a-t-il
confié. Pour cette raison, elle fut tuée, le 25 février 1995, pendant qu’elle
voyageait avec un bus direct vers Bhopal. Le tueur s’est acharné sur son corps
avec 54 coups de couteau. Ce fut un vrai massacre.» <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">«Pendant qu’elle était
tuée, la sœur répétait le nom de Jésus. Le motif de cet homicide était le fait
que la sœur prêchait l’Évangile de la charité et défendait les pauvres de
l’injustice de ceux qui, d’une façon frauduleuse, prenaient possession des terres.
Pour s’opposer à cet abus, sœur Rani cherchait à soustraire les petits
propriétaires au suicide ou à un triste destin de misère absolue, avec des
initiatives concrètes de coopération et de microcrédit. Son œuvre recevait la
reconnaissance du peuple, mais attirait aussi la colère des puissants.»<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">«Le martyre de sœur Rani
est une bénédiction pour toute l’Église en Inde. Son sacrifice est devenu un
phare de lumière pour la multitude des missionnaires, qui trouvent en elle
inspiration et protection pour leur difficile œuvre de bien. Depuis toujours,
les martyrs ont rendu fertile la terre pour la génération des nouveaux chrétie<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2017/10/31/le_cardinal_amato_va_pr%C3%A9sider_la_b%C3%A9atification_dune_religieuse/fr-1346236">https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2017/10/31/le_cardinal_amato_va_pr%C3%A9sider_la_b%C3%A9atification_dune_religieuse/fr-1346236</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Inde : sœur Rani Maria,
modèle pour les chrétiens persécutés, béatifiée</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.aleteia.org/author/isabelle-cousturie/" target="_self">Isabelle
Cousturié <span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">✝</span></a> - publié le 03/11/17<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La sœur clarisse Rani
Maria Vattalil a été assassinée le 25 février 1995 d’une cinquantaine de coups
de couteau par un hindou qui s’est repenti après avoir été « pardonné et
adopté » par toute sa famille.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jusqu’au dernier coup
infligé par son meurtrier, un extrémiste hindou, qui lui a couru après alors
qu’elle essayait de s’enfuir, Rani Maria ne cessa de crier le nom de Jésus. En
mars dernier, le Vatican a reconnu son martyre, et le 4 novembre, elle sera
béatifiée par le cardinal Angelo Amato, préfet de la congrégation pour les
causes des saints, à Indore où sont prévues également des veillées spéciales en
la cathédrale Saint-François d’Assise. Le lendemain, dimanche, une messe
d’action de grâce, présidée par le nonce apostolique Mgr Giambattista Diquattro,
aura lieu en l’église du Sacré-Cœur à Udainagar (60km d’Indore) où vivait sœur
Rani Maria, en présence des milliers de fidèles attendus de tout le pays pour
l’occasion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Née le 29 janvier 1954 à
Pulluvazhy, un petit village près de Kochi, la capitale commerciale du Kerala,
Rani Maria est entrée au couvent des clarisses franciscaines à Kidangoor, en
1972 et prononça ses premiers vœux deux ans plus tard. Transférée dans le
diocèse d’Indore en 1992, elle se consacra aux travailleurs agricoles sans
terre, se battant pour leurs droits et contre l’oppression des propriétaires
terriens et exploitants sociaux au prix de sa vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Du pardon à la repentance</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le meurtrier de sœur
Rani, Samundhar Singh, avoua très vite avoir été employé comme tueur à gages
par les propriétaires terriens hostiles au programme de la religieuse qui était
également très impliquée dans l’éducation des enfants. Mais contre toute
attente, il fut pardonné par la famille de la religieuse qui vint le voir en
prison et stupéfia l’opinion publique en décidant de le « prendre en
charge et de le placer sous sa protection » comme un frère. « Le
meurtrier de ma sœur m’a appris la vraie signification du pardon (…) ma famille
et moi, à travers la mort de Rani, avons expérimenté l’inconditionnelle
miséricorde de Dieu », a expliqué à <a href="http://www.asianews.it/notizie-it/Sister-Selmy%3A-Con-la-forza-di-Dio-ho-perdonato-l%E2%80%99assassino-di-mia-sorella-(Video)-36900.html" target="_blank">AsiaNews</a> Selmy Paul, la jeune sœur de Rani Maria, elle
aussi missionnaire franciscaine clarisse en Inde.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Au début, face à un acte
d’une telle cruauté, cela leur fut difficile car leurs coeurs étaient plein de
douleur et de ressentiment, mais peu à peu, a-t-elle poursuivi, « j’ai
commencé à sentir en moi la grâce de Dieu et j’ai pu lui pardonner ». Le
déclic ? Le souvenir des paroles de Rani Maria : « Je n’ai pas
peur de mourir pour les pauvres pour le bien de Jésus ». Son désir –
mourir pour les pauvres – s’était réalisé. Le regard tourné vers le crucifix,
Selmy a compris qu’elle était un « instrument dans les mains de
Dieu » et que Rani avait été récompensé pour son service en faveur des
pauvres ». Cette attitude bouleversa au plus haut point le
meurtrier, Samundhar, qui s’est alors repenti sincèrement de son geste et mène
aujourd’hui une vie exemplaire dans son village.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Une béatification source
d’inspiration</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le cardinal Oswald
Gracias, archevêque de Bombay et vice-président de la Conférence des évêques
catholiques d’Inde (BCBI), a décrit la religieuse indienne comme l »exemple
héroïque d’une personne qui s’est mise du côté des pauvres et des
défavorisés », rapporte <a href="https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Catholicisme/Monde/En-Inde-patronne-chretiens-persecutes-beatifiee-2017-11-01-1200888779" target="_blank">La Croix</a>. Un exemple salué comme « l’événement le plus
glorieux de l’histoire d’Udainagar et de la Province d’Amala » par la
congrégation de sœur Rani. Son martyre, affirme ses consœurs, a aidé à
semer « la graine de l’amour et de la justice et la fraternité dans de
nombreux cœurs ». Tous en conviennent, pour tous les chrétiens victimes
aujourd’hui de persécutions cette béatification sera une grande source
d’inspiration. « Nous sommes convaincus que la puissante intercession de
sœur Rani qui a travaillé et qui est morte pour les pauvres et à leur service,
ne rendra que plus efficace notre service pour le bien de toutes les
personnes », a entre autre déclaré à <a href="http://www.asianews.it/notizie-it/Indore,-sister-Rani-Maria-verr%C3%A0-beatificata-il-4-novembre-42198.html" target="_blank">AsiaNews</a> l’évêque d’Indore, Mgr Chacko Thottumarickal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l’État du Madhya
Pradesh, les chrétiens ne représentent que 0,3 % des 73 millions
d’habitants, à 90% hindous. Les violences antichrétiennes y sont fréquentes.
Cette béatification est donc très attendue. Durant la célébration sera exposée
une relique de la religieuse, une de ses cotes portant les traces de coups de
couteau qui lui ont été infligées. A savoir qu’un musée honore la vie de sœur
Rani à Ernakulam (Kerala), et qu’un documentaire – The Heart of a Murderer
(Le cœur d’un meurtrier) – consacré au crime et à la repentance de son
assassin – a remporté le prix du festival du film World Interfaith Harmony
en 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://fr.aleteia.org/2017/11/03/inde-soeur-rani-maria-modele-pour-les-chretiens-persecutes-beatifiee/">https://fr.aleteia.org/2017/11/03/inde-soeur-rani-maria-modele-pour-les-chretiens-persecutes-beatifiee/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Inde: béatification de
sœur Rani Maria, martyre Au service des pauvres et des sans défense </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">NOVEMBRE
06, 2017 15:14OCÉANE LE GALLCAUSES DES SAINTS </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">« Nous sommes le 25 février
1995 quand sœur Rani Maria Vattalil, tout juste âgée de 41 ans, est assassinée
alors qu’elle est en voyage sur un bus à destination de Bhopal. Le tueur
s’acharne sur son corps qu’il frappe d’une cinquantaine de coups de couteau.
Alors qu’il la massacre, la religieuse ne cesse de répéter le nom de
Jésus », rapporte L’Osservatore Romano du 5 novembre 2017 qui brosse le
portrait de la nouvelle bienheureuse indienne, martyre, dans cet article que
nous traduisons de l’italien. Son meurtrier s’est repenti et a voulu devenir
chrétien. L’Osservatore Romano rapporte en effet les paroles du cardinal Angelo
Amato, préfet de la congrégation pour les causes des saints, qui a rappelé le
martyre subit par cette clarisse franciscaine, lors de la messe de
béatification en Inde, le 4 novembre 2017, à Indore. Le cardinal présidait la
célébration au nom du Pape. « Commentant le meurtre de la religieuse, le
cardinal Amato a rappelé que la raison de tant d’acharnement contre elle venait
de ce qu’« elle prêchait l’évangile de la charité et défendait les pauvres
contre les injustices » commises par ceux qui « frauduleusement,
prenaient possession des terres ». Pour s’opposer à ces abus, dans le
village d’Udainagar (Madhya Pradesh) sœur Rani « cherchait à soustraire les
petits propriétaires au suicide ou à un triste destin d’indigence, par des
initiatives concrètes de coopération et microcrédit ». Ce qu’elle faisait
recevait « la gratitude du peuple mais attirait la colère des tyrans ». Le
repentir du meurtrier, Samunder Singh, et son désir de devenir chrétien, sont
une marque évidente de l’efficacité apostolique de son martyre. « Soeur
Rani, a souligné le prélat, était prête spirituellement au martyre. Son
ouverture « aux dons de l’Esprit, sa foi dans l’Eucharistie, sa confiance
dans la Providence, sa prière continue à la bienheureuse Alphonsine — canonisée
en 2008 — pour rester forte face dans les difficultés et dans la
souffrance » témoignent de sa « tension vers la perfection et la
sainteté ». Face aux obstacles, elle disait : « Dieu est avec
moi. Pourquoi devrais-je avoir peur ? ». La foi « lui transmettait patience,
courage, sérénité et esprit de conciliation ». Toujours optimiste, malgré
les larmes des souffrances, on l’appelait « l’apôtre du sourire ».
Elle avait en effet « une manière aimable de sourire face aux
problèmes ». Ce niveau de maturité, elle le devait à sa spiritualité
franciscaine. C’était une mystique de la prière. Elle aimait prier et
enseigner à prier ». « La religieuse avait « une attitude de
bienveillance et générosité envers le prochain ». Personne, a déclaré le
cardinal Amato, « n’était exclu de sa charité, de son conseil, de ses
encouragements ». Elle aimait tout le monde, « au-delà des barrières de
caste, de religion et de langue. Elle avait de bonnes relations avec les riches
et avec les pauvres, avec les personnes cultivées et les illettrés ». Elle se
rendait souvent, en effet, « dans les bureaux gouvernementaux pour plaider
les causes des personnes dans le besoin et des pauvres, pour lesquels elle
était une généreuse bienfaitrice ». Mais son héroïsme avait « atteint son
apogée dans la charité envers les ennemis ». Un jour, a rappelé le préfet,
Rani Maria, qui avait eu connaissance « des menaces d’un de ses ennemis
déclarés, hostile à son programme social, se rendit au village où vivait son
adversaire pour le rencontrer personnellement. Conquis par sa gentillesse et sa
bonté, celui-ci devint son ami ». « La supérieure de sa congrégation
était « pleine d’admiration pour le zèle de Rani qui, avec grande
simplicité, exhortait les sœurs à être fortes et courageuses ». Elle aimait
répéter : « Nous ne devons pas rechercher la sécurité mais agir en
missionnaire ; avec courage et confiance en Dieu, les religieuses
devraient être prêtes à risquer leur vie pour servir les pauvres et les personnes
en détresse dans les villages sous-développés ». « Le martyre de sœur
Rani, a poursuivi le cardinal Amato, est « une bénédiction non seulement
pour la mission d’Udainagar, mais pour toute l’Eglise catholique en Inde ». Son
sacrifice est devenu un phare de lumière pour la multitude des missionnaires,
qui trouvent en elle inspiration et protection ». Et les sœurs franciscaines
clarisses, a-t-il ajouté, son particulièrement fières d’avoir maintenant, en
plus de la protection de sainte Alphonsine Muttathupaddathu, aussi celle de la
bienheureuse Rani. « La religieuse « invite ses consoeurs à être fidèles à
leur vocation, au sacrifice, dans leur noble mission de témoignage évangélique
e d’apostolat social ». Dans un horizon multiculturel et multireligieux, sa
« figure montre la beauté et la haute dignité de la personne humaine,
surtout de la femme elle aussi au cœur de la proclamation du message social de
Jésus Christ pour les marginalisés » et tous ceux qui « souffrent de
violence et d’injustice ». Elle mourut « pour promouvoir et défendre
les valeurs évangéliques de la justice, de la fraternité, du pardon, qu’elle
proclamait et appliquait ». « Sœur Rani, a rappelé encore le cardinal
Amato, était « animée d’un grand désir d’évangélisation ». Son
apostolat social « reposait sur une profonde attitude d’adoration et une
écoute continuelle de la parole ». Sa vie missionnaire « unissait
harmonieusement la prière et la responsabilité sociale, la vie communautaire et
la fraternité ». Pour finir, de son témoignage jaillit l’invitation « à
prier pour les persécuteurs de l’Eglise ». » NOVEMBRE 06, 2017
15:14CAUSES DES SAINTS<br />
<br />
<a href="https://fr.zenit.org/">Inde: béatification de sœur Rani Maria, martyre
| ZENIT - Francais</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://fr.zenit.org/2017/11/06/inde-beatification-de-soeur-rani-maria-martyre/">https://fr.zenit.org/2017/11/06/inde-beatification-de-soeur-rani-maria-martyre/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Mariam Vattalil"><b>Blessed Mariam Vattalil</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sister Rani Maria<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Regina Maria Vattalil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/25-february">25 February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The second <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-children">child</a> of
Paily and Eliswa of Vattalil, Mariam was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/baptism">baptized</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/church">church</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/saint-thomas-the-apostle">Thomas</a> at
the age of 7 days. She joined the Franciscan Clarist Congregation, taking
the name Rani Maria, and making her solemn vows on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/22-may">22 May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/time-line-1980">1980</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-missionaries">Missionary</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/diocese">diocese</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/diocese-of-bijnor-india">Bijnor</a>,
Uttar Pradesh, India. Her work there to help the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a> put
her in conflict with the money lenders, landlords and criminals who exploited
them, and she was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-martyrs">murdered</a> to
stop her work. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/29-january">29
January</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/time-line-1954">1954</a> in
Pulluvazhy, Ernakulam, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-india">India</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/died-by-stabbing">stabbed</a> and
beaten to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-martyrs">death</a> on
a bus on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/25-february">25
February</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/time-line-1995">1995</a> near
Udainagar, Bagli, Dewas, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-india">India</a> by
Samandar Singh<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Singh was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-prisoners">arrested</a>,
convicted and sentenced to life <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-prisoners">imprisonment</a> for
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-martyrs">murder</a>;
he was released in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/time-line-2006">2006</a>,
has met with and was forgiven by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/blessed">Blessed</a> Mariam’s
family, and attended the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/beatification">beatification</a> celebration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/23-march">23 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/time-line-2017">2017</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/pope-francis">Francis</a> (decree
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-martyrs">martyrdom</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/4-november">4
November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/time-line-2017">2017</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/pope-francis">Francis</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/beatification">beatification</a> recognition
was celebrated at the Saint Paul Institute of Professional Studies in
Indore, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/patrons-of-india">India</a> with <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/cardinal">Cardinal</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/cardinal-angelo-amato">Angelo
Amato</a> as the chief celebrant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623170001/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/11" target="_blank">Blessed Rani Maria</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://aleteia.org/daily-prayer/tuesday-february-25/" target="_blank">Brother
Silas Henderson, S.D.S.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/11/murdered-nun-beatified-india-sister-rani-maria-martyr-social-justice/" target="_blank">Crux Now</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://lightoftruth.in/letters/blessed-rani-maria-martyr-justice/" target="_blank">Father George Chathanatt, S.S.P.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.fccongregation.org/home/inner/15" target="_blank">Franciscan
Clarist Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1995.htm#Vattalil" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.indiatvnews.com/crime/news/heart-of-a-murderer-man-who-stabbed-catholic-nun-50-times-4665.html" target="_blank">India TV News</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/22-years-after-rani-maria-murder-kerala-nun-to-be-beatified-mariam-vattalil/" target="_blank">Indian Express</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://cradlingcatholic.com/tag/blesed-regina-mariam/" target="_blank">Larry
Peterson</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.livingfaith.in/gallery/glimpses-of-udainagar-the-burial-place-of-blessed-mariam-vattalil/31" target="_blank">Living in Faith</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://mattersindia.com/2017/11/sr-rani-marias-beatification-a-joy-for-india/" target="_blank">Matters India</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://ofm.org/blog/beatification-sister-rani-maria-vattalil-fcc-martyr/" target="_blank">Ordo Fratrum Minorum</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://ranimaria.jayesu.com/" target="_blank">Servant of God Rani Maria</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/8008/man-celebrates-beatification-of-indian-nun-he-murdered-" target="_blank">The Tablet</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/killed-in-1995-sister-rani-declared-blessed-by-vatican/articleshow/61510339.cms" target="_blank">Times of India</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.ucanews.com/news/thousands-venerate-slain-indian-nun-on-first-feast-day/81640" target="_blank">Union of Catholic Asian News</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2017/03/23/rani_maria_cleared_for_beatification/en-1300759" target="_blank">Vatican Radio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam_Vattalil" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>videos</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX-SCalSxb56dPsjOFzxaVBy" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/archivio-della-congregazione-cause-santi/promulgazione-di-decreti/decreti-pubblicati-nel-2017.html" target="_blank">Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/97189" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Mariam
Vattalil“. CatholicSaints.Info. 28 September 2023. Web. 25 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-mariam-vattalil/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Martyr Rani Maria</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beloved daughter of FCC,
the Servant of God Sr. Rani Maria the FCC Martyr for marginalized- lived and
died for a noble cause. Through her courageous sacrifice and martyrdom, she has
sown the seed of love and justice and brotherhood in many hearts. Sr. Rani
Maria was born on 29 January 1954 as the second child of Paily andEliswa of
Vattalil, in an ordinary peasant family. Her Baptism was on 5 February 1954 at
St.Thomas Church Pulluvazhy and she was given the name Mariam.Her God fearing
parents brought her up in Christian faith and charity. As soon as Marykunju had
completed her Secondary school studies, she joined the Franciscan Clarist
Congregation at Kidangoor near Thommachanherself for the service of God and
took the name, Rani Maria. She made her final commitment to the Lord on May 22,
1980.<br />
<br />
Her deep desire to become a Missionary was fulfilled when the Superiors sent
her to the North Indian Mission in the diocese of Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh in
1975. She remained at St. Marys Convent, Bijnor for seven years and for nine
years at Odagadi in the diocese of Satna, rendering selfless service for the
uplift of the poorvillagers.She was transferred to Udayanagar in 1992 in the
diocese of Indore. During her initial years in the Mission she involved herself
in the education of children both formal and non-formal. This slowly gave way
to a much wider field of development of the poor, the oppressed and the
marginalized.<br />
<br />
Her life was fully dedicated to the service of the poor, for the sake of Jesus
alone. Once when she was asked why she has chosen the Saffron Shawl she
replied,Matter becomes Red hot when it absorbs heat. This is true with the
human soul also. The developmental programmes in which she was engaged for the
poor tribals went counter to the vested interests of the unscrupulous
moneylenders and social exploiters; she became the object of their hatred,
which grew steadily in step with the progress of the poor. And her enemies
decided to get rid of her. On February 25, 1995, the most tragic event or we
can say, the most glorious event in the history of Udainagar as well as of
Amala Province Bhopal took place - the martyrdom of Sr.Rani Maria.On her way to
Indore in a bus she was brutally murdered in the daylight in front of the
passengers. She had 40 major injuries besides 14 bruises. Unto the last she
kept on saying Jesus! Jesus!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">She was declared as
servant of God on 29.6.2005.<br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Canonical Recognition and
Reburial of the Servant of God Rani Maria Vattalil (Prot. No. 2553) were
conducted on 18th November 2016 as prescribed in the instruction at
Indore. It was indeed a grace filled event.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127062652/http:/www.fccongregation.org/home/inner/15">https://web.archive.org/web/20221127062652/http://www.fccongregation.org/home/inner/15</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BLESSED MARTYR RANI MARIA<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Birth and Childhood</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> India is
famous for its very ancient "Indus Valley Culture" and strong
religious traditions. World religions like Hinduism, Budhism, Jainism, and
Sikhism were born in India. The epics "Ramayana" and
"Mahabharata" together with the classical scriptural writings of
"Vedas", "Puranas" and "Gita" contribute towards
profound religious and philosophical traditions. India is the biggest democracy
in the world and the second among the highly populated countries.
"Himalayas" and Tajmahal" are tourist attractions. Mahatma
Gandhi is the father of the Nation. Mother Theresa had served the poor in
India. Though "Kashmir" gives a headache and poverty causes a lot of
problems, religious harmony and modern computer software-developments announce
a bright future for India.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Kerala is one of the South-West States of India which lies on the shore
of Indian Ocean. Beautiful sea waters, high mountain ranges and wild forests
make Kerala one of the most beautiful states of India. "Keram" is
coconut. Kerala is the land of coconuts. Rice, tea and coffee grow in large
quantities. Spices like Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger, Chilli and fruits like
Banana, Mango and Jack-fruit are specialties of Kerala. These invited strong
trade relationship with Rome and Persia even before the Christian Era. Kerala
received Christian faith already in the first century. St. Thomas, one of the
Apostles of Jesus, came to Kerala in A.D. 52 and founded Christianity here. Sr.
Rani Maria belongs to this Christian Community.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pulluvazhy is a small
village situated near to the Cochin (Kochi) City and Perumbavoor town. It is
adjacent to Malayatoor, the famous St. Thomas Shrine, and to Kalady, the
birth-place of the renowned Indian Philosopher Adisankara. Majority of the
people are Christians and Hindus. "Pullu" is grass and
"Vazhy" is way. The village speaks of natural beauty with green
grass, trees, rice fields, and coconut gardens. The village is known for cattle
field and small scale wood industries. In the center of the village is situated
the St. Thomas Catholic Church and the miraculous chapel of St. Antony. This
religiously oriented little village is the birth-place of Sr. Rani Maria. Sr.
Rani Maria was the second child of Paily and Eliswa of the Vattalil family. Her
brothers and sisters were Stephen, Annie, Varghese, Thressiamma, Celine (Sr.
Selmy Paul) and Lucy. She was born on 29 January 1954 and was baptized on 5
February. Her uncle Varkey and grandmother Mariamma were the Godparents. She
was given the name Mary. But at home all called her with the pet name
Marykunju. Her brother Stephen speaks thus about her childhood: "She was a
girl of few words; she needed only very simple clothes, and did not show any
interest in wearing ornaments. She never did anything to hurt anyone. Even
though something happened, she felt sorry about it." Her mother speaks of her
with pride: "She was different from other children and was an
exceptionally obedient child."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Marykunju received the first Holy Communion in 1961 and the Sacrament of
Confirmation in 1966. She grew up in a healthy and strong background of prayer
and devotional practices. She showed great interest in going to the church and
taking part in the Mass and other forms of popular devotions. The superior of
the Franciscan Clarist Convent in Pulluvazhy, Sr. Bosco testifies that Sr. Rani
Maria was a good-natured girl and she frequented the catechism classes in full
earnestness. She started her studies in the Kalari (The traditional form of
pre-primary education) and continued with it for two years. Then she joined the
Lower Primary School at Pulluvazhy. She was smart and fared well both in
studies and in sports. She did well in all subjects; studied by heart stories
and poems from the text- books, the multiplication table, and began to learn
English.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
After primary schooling she joined the Jayakeralam High School managed
by P.Govindappillai. The education imparted there by famous teachers stood her
in good stead to grow in knowledge and wisdom. Even during his school days she
helped her parents in the farm. Jokingly she used to tell her brother:
"You are studying so much. It is of no use. Do some work and then
study." She was very enthusiastic about helping out also in the household
chores.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> In
view of a good result in the SSLC Examination, her parents sent her to the St.
Joseph's H.S. Trippunithura. One of her companions Philo (Sr.Philcy) was
already studying in this school. Under the supervision and guidance of the
nuns, her life in the school and in the hostel turned out to be very conducive
to her spiritual and intellectual growth. She completed her studies successfully.
She obtained her Bachelor's Degree in Sociology in 1982 from the Bhopal
University and her Master's Degree in the same subject in 1989 from the Riva
University.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623190208/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/3">https://web.archive.org/web/20210623190208/http://www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/3</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Religious Vocation</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> During the
final year of her school studies, Sr. Rani Maria felt an internal call to
become the bride of Christ, the crucified. She shared her inner promptings with
her cousin Sicily (Sr. Sony) who also thought alike. Responding to that
personal call of Christ they decided to join the Franciscan Clarist
Congregation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Mary had
anxieties about the reactions of her parents and relatives regarding her
decision to join the convent. One day, she expressed her desire openly to her
dear ones. Her brothers and sisters were not happy and asked their father not
to allow her to go. The father replied: "but if she insists what shall I
do? If God so desires, how can we go against it". The grandmother
intervened: "Why do you oppose Marykunju joining the convent? Is she not
going for a noble cause? How many parents desire that their children become
priests and nuns? But does that happen? The vocation to the religious life is
not given to all. God gives it only to some." Hearing these words of
wisdom from the grandmother all remained silent. On 3 July 1972, Marykunju and
her friend Sicily joined the convent at Kidangoor, near Angamaly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Gladys,
the mistress at the initial stage of her religious formation, says thus about
Mary: “She always had a smiling face and was a smart girl. She did everything
with perfection and had no complaints about anything. She did not need any
corrections. Holding fast to what is true and just, she always spoke out things
very openly." On 1 November 1972 Marykunju and 17 of her companions
entered the next stage of formation called Postulancy and completed it in six
months.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Mary was
initiated in to the novitiate on 1 May 1973. During this period she formed
herself to live a life based on the evangelical counsels. Sr. Infant Mary her
Novice Mistress says about her novitiate days: "Mary was a faithful
novice. She was quick to own up any mistake she would commit. I don't remember
Mary taking an exemption from her studies, prayers, observance of the rules or
work. She was always careful not to hurt anyone. At the same time, she was very
charitable and showed sincere interest in correcting others. She always openly
spoke out the truth."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> The Lord
uses cleansing measures to purify his beloved. In her life Mary too had her
crosses to carry. Midway through her novitiate, she noticed that a black mark
was growing on her leg. Even though she underwent some treatment, the doctors
prescribed that she would not be healed completely. This caused her a lot of
mental pain. All the same she was not desperate and went ahead believing and
entrusting herself to the divine providence. The Lord rewarded her faith and
cured her completely. In this manner the Lord prepared her interiorly for the
religious vestition. Mary and the other novices made the First Profession and
dawned the religious habit on 1 May 1974. The function took place in the St.
George church; Angamaly officiated by the late Bishop Sebastian Mankuzhikary.
On that auspicious day she received the name Sr. Rani Maria. She made her final
commitment to the Lord by making Perpetual Vows on 22 May 1980. It was preceded
by a preparatory course in Portiuncula, the generalate of the Franciscan
Clarist Congregation in Aluva.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623165618/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/4">https://web.archive.org/web/20210623165618/http://www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/4</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Missionary Life</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "The
Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to preach Good News
to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovering
of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim
the acceptable year of the Lord" (Lk.4/18). These verses were written in
the personal diary of Sr. Rani Maria. She was attracted by these words and grew
up in the desire to become a missionary. Her zeal increased as she at times
listened to the experiences of the nuns who were working in the mission areas
of North India. She was inspired by the letters send by some of them. "The
harvest is plentiful, but the labourers are few; pray therefore the Lord of the
harvest to send out labourers into his harvest". (Mt.9/37-38). This call
of the Lord echoed in her ears again and again. It touched her deep within.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Bishop
Gracian Mundadan, Bishop of Bijnor in North India, asked Sr. Sophia, the
superior of the Ernakulam province of the Fransciscan Clarist Congregation, to
send two nuns in order to serve in the Department of Social Services in his
diocese. Sr. Rani Maria and Sr. Ann John were chosen to take up this mission.
Sr. Rani Maria was very happy that finally what she was longing for came in
search of her. Her parents, brothers and sisters were very sad on her decision
to go to North India, since it was very far away from her home. She did not
succumb to the opposition and tears of her dear ones. With a thirst to proclaim
the Good News to the poor she started off for Patna on 9 July 1975.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>At Bijnor in the Cradle
of Missionary Life (1975-1983)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Rani
Maria began her works giving attention to the education of children in the
remote villages of Bijnor. She gathered together the children who used to play
with the grazing cows. She made them sit under trees and taught them reading
and writing. Gradually, through her hard work, she was able to provide
necessary conveniences in order to give basic education to the children of the
villages. Moreover, she organized crèches and means of education for women and
old people.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> She
executed projects of houses, roads, water, electricity and so on. Her relentless
zeal was gratefully acknowledged and she was recognized as an established
social worker. "Do not be afraid for I am with you always" were the
words that gave her strength of mind and generosity of heart to continue the
work even in the midst of opposition and problems.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Infant
Mary, who was Sr. Rani Maria's Novice Mistress and who had direct experiences
of her works in the Mission areas has the following to say about her activities
in the diocese of Bijnor: "The biting cold, heavy rains, intense heat,
irregular meals, lack of water, journey through dangerous forests, lonely
moments of helplessness... nothing was a hindrance to Sr. Rani Maria. While
travelling she used to pray the rosary. She had her pains behind the
adventurous undertakings. She was a junior sister of twenty two years old. But
she possessed the inner strength to face and overcome the difficult situations.
She never made any complaints about her trials and problems nor did she show
the slightest sign of discontentment. But I have seen her difficulties
personally."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Infant
Mary continues: "Her service to the villagers in cooperation with 'The
Save a Family Plan' is something very laudable.” With these projects many
huts of the bygone days were turned into houses. The narrow pathways became
roads. Marshy places were converted into cultivable fields. Wells were dug.
Electricity was brought. Woolen clothes were distributed. The poor people were
supplied with food articles and the unemployed were given job opportunities.
Her works were publicly acknowledged when Fr. Kottoor, the director of Social
Services, named a sewing mill of the village as "Rani Mills". This
mill was the fruit of Sr. Rani Maria's hard work.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Fr. Kottoor
says, "Sr. Rani Maria was convinced of her call by Jesus. She was inspired
by the life style of St. Francis of Assissi. She prayed intensely by which she
gained the strength to march ahead even in the midst of various problems."
Fr. Raimond, Provincial of the Mission Province of the Carmelites of the Mary
Immaculate says, “Soon after the Holy Mass Sr. Rani Maria used to start off on
her journey to be with the people of the village. Her passion in life was to
share with the poor the love of God. Other nuns of the community were also
attracted by her social works. She was a dedicated and zealous person."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> With her
eight years of service in Bijnor she was able to bring about radical changes
and substantial progress in the twenty villages ranging from Adampur, to Ravali
or the city forest as it is called to day. The services done in villages like
Adampur, Timarpur, Katchpura, Tikkanpur, Nayagava, Jalra, Ittawa, Chandpura,
Manddaval, Lalvala. Bukkara, Khadi, Peda, Bhakkalpur, Salampur, Manddavali,
Chottaittava, Ravali, the different parts of the colony of Bangla speak volumes
of the hard work of Sr. Rani Maria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>At Odagady in the Diocese
of Satna (1983-1992)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> On 23 May
1983 Sr. Rani Maria reached the hilly areas of Odagady in the diocese of Satna.
There too, she laboured to uplift the poor and the down trodden and to bring
them back to the main stream of life. Sr. Rani Maria was firmly convinced that
no sacrifice would be too much in order to preach the total liberation proclaimed
by Christ. She was of the opinion that one should not be tired to work for
the poor presenting them Christ. Sr. Infant Mary has the following words to say
about Sr. Rani Maria's mission in Odagady: "The needs of the people were
of multi-faced: house, road, water, food, light and electricity, hospital,
employment facilities and so on. The people were to be saved from feelings of
estrangement, abandonment, peacelessness, and anxiety. They had the desire for
knowledge. They wanted to build up proper families. The litany of their needs
became always longer. Sr. Rani Maria found out new ways and means to make these
dreams materialized. She understood that even though the people looked ignorant
and rustic, each individual was full of different capabilities. If
opportunities were given they will surely develop. With this aim in mind she
organized camps and seminars. Selected youth were grouped into different
committees in order to achieve efficient participation from the people."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Infant
Mary continues: "Big wells were dug and barren land and marshy places were
converted into cultivable land. The problem of scarcity of water was solved by
constructing small dams, which would conserve water. Fish tanks were built.
Machines were erected for oil extraction. The savings of the people were
deposited in the bank and were used for further development. Through women
organizations she taught the village women to take proper care of the children
and to have some sort of order in their own homes. She encouraged small-scale
industries and centers of handicrafts. She organized educational programs in proportion
to the grasping power of the children, young and aged. Thus, majority of the
people of Odagady and the surroundings, who lived in utter poverty, were helped
to attain self-sufficiency. She conscientized the poor people about the problem
of exploitation by the rich. As a result, she also became the object of
displeasure to the oppressors. Works for the upliftment of the poor was
misinterpreted as attempts for conversion of Hindus to Christianity. Her life
was at times under threat. But she was not discouraged, instead, these turned
out to be opportunities for her to reinforce her sense of dedication".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Often
enough the government officials rejected her applications and requests in
favour of the poor. They even advised her not to spend her life in vain
for the sake of these people. On one occasion, holding on to the cross hanging
around her neck, she told humbly to an officer: " Sir, we have accepted
this way of life and come here not because we have no means of livelihood at
home nor is it because our parents have pushed us out of our families. Look! We
have accepted this wayof life, a life of sacrifice, in order to work for Christ
in the poor." Gradually her gentle manners, sincere dealings, unselfish
ways of action and above all her pleasant way of speaking won over admiration
even of the officials.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> In Odgady
about 25 villages were the recipients of her services. They are Osgadala,
Ujjaini, Baghadi, Battahattad, Chawraghad, Amo, Silab, Bagwada, Lalgadad,
Bawdi, Pulaya, Haracoli, Thebani, Jhadi, Sajahar, Jinknowa, Sarahad, Koluva,
Kajadasala, Majoli, Mirchuwa, Miniyari, Khajarda, Jhadhi and Thabni.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>At Udainagar in the
Diocese of Indore (1992-1995)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> After 9
years of dedicated and self-less service in Odagady Sr. Rani Maria reached
Udainagar in the diocese of Indore on 16 May 1992. Again, Sr. Infant Mary
testifies to her life of service here: "She tried to make the adivasis
(the hill tribes) and the other ordinary people of the village
self-reliant. She chose a few youngsters and gave them training to become
animators. She taught them how to help the poor people and themselves by
getting financial assistance from the government and private banks of Udainagar
and Indore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Infant
Mary writes again: "Organizations like Seva Samithi, and Mahilamandal
started functioning very effectively. In this way she could help to eradicate
the evil of poverty to a certain extent. Houses were built, roads were
constructed, and electricity was supplied. The men folk were engaged in
small-scale business such as rearing sheep, collecting honey and the women and
children became experts at making sandal-wood sticks, preparing jute bags and so
on. Again, the marshy places were converted in to agricultural land. Those
capable of going for higher education were given the opportunities. Thus they
developed a positive awareness about themselves and grew up in efficiency,
culture and etiquette. There appeared a silver lining in the clouds of the
village of Udainagar and its surroundings."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> The
villages where she worked in Udainagar were Semily, Gadaghad, Magradeve, Dhad,
Dhavadala, Devnaliya, Shyampura, Mayghavu, Pandhuthalab, Jamasingh, Sithapuri,
Visali, Anandnagar, Mirjapur, Subhalghad, Harmodi, Hurapur, Iralipuram,
Udayapuram, Sevenpani, Patpadi, Pattadipala, Dupghad, and Dhuladhad.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Rani
Maria was a mother to the poor in every sense of the word. Sr. Lisa Rose, the
superior of the convent in which she lived in Udainagar, remarks:
"Sr. Rani Maria mostly worked among the adivasis and among those who were
marginalized by the society. They loved her as a mother because it was for the
first time that they saw a person who shared their life, lived with them and
acted in their favour. Her life was set apart for the poor. Her nature was not
the one that would run away from difficulties and oppositions."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> In 1994 Sr.
Rani Maria was elected as the Provincial Councilor of her Congregation having
the charge of the Department of Social Services. She had to coordinate the
social works of all the houses of the Province. On her election to the
Provincial Council she said: "Power or position was not important in the
field of service. Only the attitude towards selfless service would make one
achieve something". Sr. Rani Maria had made deep impressions and left
indelible marks wherever she worked. Today, she is known as 'Mother of the
Poor', 'Heaven of the Needy', 'Zealous Missionary', 'Smiling Sister' and 'Queen
of Indore' or 'Indore Rani'.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623171530/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/5">https://web.archive.org/web/20210623171530/http://www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/5</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Martyrdom</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> 25 February
1995. Sr. Rani Maria rose early in the morning as usual. She was to catch the
bus at 7 a.m. to Indore and from there to the Provincial House in Bhopal and
then to Kerala to meet her parents. Sr. Lisa Rose describes this day on which
Sr. Rani Maria was martyred: "We, the inmates of 'Snehasadan Convent' were
already awake before the sun-rise. When I reached the chapel for the morning
prayers I found that Sr. Rani Maria had already reached the chapel before
everybody else. After the morning prayers we assembled in the refectory while
Sr. Rani was having her breakfast. She was about to begin her journey. As it
was her custom before leaving the house, she picked up the word of God. She got
the words, 'Do not be afraid, I have carved your name on the palm of my hands'
(Is.49/16).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "Two
of us accompanied her to the bus stand. The bus in which she was supposed to
travel did not arrive. When enquired about it we were told that the bus was
cancelled. Then Sr. Rani said, 'This must be God's will. I will take the next
bus. We shall go back to the convent and return when it is time for the next
bus.' As we were coming back to the convent we saw the bus by the name 'Kapil'
by which she had to travel next. As I knew the conductor I told him: 'One of
our sisters has to go to Indore. Please reserve for her one seat.' He said,
'Sister, this bus leaves at 8.15. You may board the bus in front of the
convent.'”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "When
it was time, the bus arrived in front of the convent. Her companions bade her
farewell. Sr. Rani Maria and I crossed the road. I was carrying her
luggage which I kept at the doorstep of the bus. A youngster, dressed in
white, took it and placed it behind the front door of the bus. When Sr. Rani
Maria stepped in, I heard him telling her, 'you may go back and sit there’. The
bell rang and the bus moved off. As I was returning, I was thinking about
something that happened unusually. Whenever we sisters travel, we were made to
sit at the front of the bus. But today it was just the opposite. What could be
the reason. As I reached the convent, I carried on with my work.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "At
about 10.45 a.m. the telephone rang. I attended the phone call. I was told that
it was a wireless message from the Police Station. 'Has any of your sisters
gone out?' ‘How many of them?' 'Which way?' 'Where to?' All these
questions were asked and I answered all of them. I enquired to see if any
accidents took place. The person on the other end replied: 'Sister no accident
had taken place, but something worse. After five minutes I shall let you know
more details'. With these words he put off the telephone. I was worried and
confused. I did not know what to do. I called the members of the community and
explained to them about the message. After five minutes when I was not getting
any more telephone call I rang up to the police station. I was shocked to death
to hear the alarming news: 'Your Sister is murdered by someone. The body is
lying on the road. You may go and take the body.' We ran to the chapel. I held
myself to the tabernacle and cried. For about fifteen minutes we stayed there
not knowing what to do; neither we were not able to do anything.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "In
between, let me narrate how Sr. Rani Maria was killed. (I am presenting these
details basing myself on what was told to me by one young man who is our
neighbour and was traveling in the same bus. He narrated the event of murder to
me after a few days it took place. When others in the bus suddenly got down
from the bus this man continued to sit in the bus due to high fever.)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> 'Though
the assassins came in a group of three, the whole murder was committed by a
single person. When the bus reached the entrance of Nachanbore hill, a man
dressed in white, named Samandar Singh, got up, approached the driver and asked
him to stop the bus. As the bus was stopped, he hurried down from the bus. In
his hand there was a coconut. After touching his forehead with the coconut he
threw it down on a stone and broke it into pieces. With the pieces of coconut
he re - entered the bus and distributed them to the passengers. He stretched
out his hand to Sr. Rani with a piece of coconut but withdrew it as if to fool
her. He appeared to be a very happy man. Sr. Rani Maria asked him, 'Why are you
so overjoyed today?' He suddenly drew out a knife and replied, 'it is nothing
but this', and instantly pierced the knife into Sr. Rani Maria's stomach! Blood
gushed forth. 'Jesus'-she cried out. She tried to catch hold of the knife. The
passengers were terrified. They ran down from the bus. The murderer kept on stabbing
her. By that time she understood that the leader who was encouraging the
assassin and telling him to kill her was one who was well known to her. Though
a few people tried to prevent the assassins, they drove them away hurling the
knife at them. The murderer tried to drag her out of the bus. She was writhing
on pain. She caught hold of the iron bar on the bus. He cut those hands!!. He
kicked her out of the seat. Then catching her by the legs he dragged her on to
the door!! Her face was disfigured due to this brutal act. The skin on her face
was peeled off. She cried aloud. He kicked her out of the bus through the door
steps. She was hanging half-way from the bus. He asked the driver, who was
standing far away, to run the bus over her body. But the driver did not succumb
to this terrible and devilish wish. Again, he pulled her fully out of the bus.
He kept on stabbing her all over the body, piercing her head, cheek, forehead,
nose, back and stomach!!! The knife cut her body over fifty times!!! She was screaming
and shouting with severe pain. She loudly cried: 'Jesus, Jesus'. She was no
more able to resist. Her body was gradually becoming lifeless. Slowly she
breathed her last. She died in the midst of the people, many of whom she knew,
some of them whom she did help. Nobody could help her. The assassins were more
powerful. She died an agonizing death. Like Jesus, she too, shedding blood,
laid down her life for her people. The murderers abandoned her lifeless body
and ran away.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "Let
me continue to narrate the developments after I received the message of her
murder. As we got the information from the police station, Sr.
Sheeja, Sr. Licy, two doctors and I left hurriedly to the spot of the murder.
On reaching there we were told that the body was brought to the police station
in the same bus. Soon we reached the Kambel Police Station in the district of
Indore. The scene there was astounding. In the midst of thousands of people
there lay the bus. Our Bishop George Anathil, hearing about the murder, had
already reached there. He took us to the bus. The sight in the bus was
heart-breaking. As I looked through the back door of the bus, I turned numb.
Sr. Rani's body lay bathed in blood. We could not control our loud cry. We
lifted up the body and laid it in our vehicle. I sat close to our Rani on the
journey to Indore Bishop's House. I removed the veil from her face. I saw her
mouth wide opened and the tongue shrank inside. One of her eyes was badly
damaged and the tip of the nose was hanging down.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "As we
reached in Indore, the mob was flowing on hearing the tragedy. The day after
was Sunday. The body was taken to the Indore Cathedral Church in the morning.
Bishop George Anathil celebrated the Holy Eucharist together with many priests
and people. Later, the body was kept at the centre of the church and people
were flocking to pay her respect.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> "At
eight o'clock in the morning, on 27 February, the funeral ceremony began in the
presence of many bishops, priests and people belonging to different religions.
After the Holy Mass the funeral procession set off from Indore towards
Udainagar. The body was laid in a specially prepared bus. More than 130
vehicles escorted the body. The procession crossed through forests, hills and
the by-lanes of the villages. Three kilometers away from Udainagar all the
vehicles were stopped. The people took to foot. They carried the dead body to
our convent. The inmates of the convent were speechless. We all cried!. Rani
was the most active person in the convent till the other day!! Today, our Rani
is life-less!!! How could we face the reality? The coffin was placed at the entrance
of the chapel so that the thousands who were gathered there could pay homage to
their beloved.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"About 12000 people
took part in the funeral and the final services. The eminent people of the
gathering stated their grief in public. By six o'clock in the evening the body
was laid to rest in a specially prepared tomb."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623174228/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/6">https://web.archive.org/web/20210623174228/http://www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/6</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Proclamation of the
Gospel</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sr. Rani
Maria was first and foremost an evangelizer. She knew that there were crores of
people in North India who had not heard about Jesus Christ. It was this
knowledge that led her to the missions of the North India. The life and works of
Sr. Rani Maria was based on the Gospel values. Before starting off any journey,
beginning a project or responding to any issues, it was her habit to read and
meditate the Gospels. She often called her collaborators together in the chapel
to read and pray the Bible. The verse that she chose before she went on to her
final journey before her death was the following: "I have carved your name
in the palm of my hands" (Is.49/16). Reading this Sr. Rani Maria said
happily, "I am in the hands of the Lord and I have nothing to fear."
Bishop Abraham Mattom recollects: "Sr. Rani Maria was convinced that an
evangelizer should be interested in the life of the poor to give them Christ,
his love, and his redeeming message, thereby helping them to attain spiritual
growth and material welfare."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Again, it
was her custom to begin her activities in the villages by singing a bhajan,
which would be followed by a reading from the Gospel and then a prayer based on
the Gospel of the day. She was very innovative in proclaiming the Gospel. She
dramatically presented the parable of the "Prodigal Son', 'Good Samaritan'
and the 'Samaritan Woman' with the help of the puppet show. She shared with
others the message of Christ by means of devotional hymns, bhajans and so on.
Sr. Lisa Rose testifies about her works of evangelization: “'you received
everything freely and now you give freely'- this was a way of life for Sr. Rani
Maria. Often she broke the Word of God with others. At times, after house
visits of the villagers she looked sad. When asked for the reason she would say
that she could not give the message of Jesus to any one on that day. In her
missionary works she took great care to take along with her the Holy Bible and
other books dealing with the lives of the saints. She distributed them to the
persons she met in the villages. Thus her life was firmly Gospel based. In her
efforts to evangelize she showed the courage of a prophet." Sr. Marianna
evaluates: "Sr. Rani Maria had a special enthusiasm to call on the name of
Jesus and pray among the non-Christians. She encouraged all to proclaim the
name of Jesus courageously everywhere."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> At the same
time evangelization for her was not a forced conversion. Majority of her
collaborators, friends and beneficiaries were non-Christians. She never showed
any sign of intolerance to the followers of other religions. She never kept
them at a distance nor was she partial. Even when she spoke zealously about
Christ, the non-Christians respected her and she loved them. Of the 12000
people who took part in her funeral service the majority was consisted of
non-Christians.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623180636/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/7">https://web.archive.org/web/20210623180636/http://www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/7</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Act of Forgiveness</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> After the
martyrdom of Sr. Rani Maria, her family has forgiven the murderer Samunder
Singh. Sr. Selmy, younger sister of Sr.Rani Maria narrates about the
reconciliation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “After a
long seven years of prayer, on 15th July 2002, I got a phone call from Fr.
Swami Sadanand CMI. He asked me ‘Are you ready to go and visit Samunder Singh
in the jail?’ It was a surprise at the same time a great joy for me. I replied
I was waiting for this since long. But who will take me to jail? Fr. Sadanand
agreed to make arrangements for the visit. He took permission from my
Provincial and Bishop of Indore. They were ready for the same. This was for the
first time that I met Fr. Swami Sadanand CMI – a man filled with the Spirit of
God and love for all men and all creatures. So I was convinced that Fr. Swamy
was the holy priest whom the Holy Spirit chose as the messenger of
reconciliation. Irrespective of cast and creed he accepted everyone. A good
doctor for the sick, a good friend for sinners, a good water diviner to those
who have no water. As water diviner he reached Udayanagar in 1999 for the first
time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “It was at
this time that we heard the verdict on Sr. Rani Maria’s assassin -Samunder
Singh. He was sentenced to life long imprisonment. Fr. Swami Sadanand heard
about the verdict and he thought that something needs to be done for this man
because Sr. Rani did well to all and went for her heavenly reward. For this why
should a man spend the whole of his life in the jail? Father could know the
jail where he was, because he was already an active member in the Prison
Ministry. He visited Samunder in the jail several times and counselled him.
Only then he contacted me over phone. Samunder said to Fr. Swami ‘My mistake is
grievous. No one in the world can forgive me’.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “On 21
August2002 Rakhabanhab day along with Fr.Swami, Provincial Sr.Lissy Jose,
Superior Sr. Grace Mary and me started our journey to Central Jail, Indore. I
had carried Rakhi and sweets with me. On reaching the jail, the police men
brought Samunder Singh before us. Fr. Swami introduced me to him. He was
shivering... Then he prostrated in front of us and pleaded–‘Forgive
me....forgive me...I am doing penance…forgive me.’ I said in reply; ‘God has
forgiven you. We too forgive you... be at peace.’ Then I tied rakhi in
the hands stained with the blood of my sister Rani and kissing it I accepted
him as my brother. Then I gave the sweet – laddu to him. He expressed his love
and gratitude by placing the laddu in the mouth of every one. Fr. Swami
embraced him. My heart was filled with peace and joy much more than ever
before. It was really a heavenly experience for me. I received the grace to
feel that he is my own brother.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> When I
shared this news to my parents and siblings, they too expressed their desire to
go to jail and meet Samunder. Thus once again on 24th February 2003, I
accompanied by my mother, brother Stephen, Mother General Rev. Sr. Marianna,
Fr. George Pulikalan- parish priest of Pulluvazy, Fr.Swami and Fr. Prasad SVD,
went to the Central Jail in Indore and met Samunder Singh. My mother Eliswa
expressed her forgiveness by kissing his hands which were stained once by the
blood of her own daughter and accepted him as her son. She gave him the sweets
she had brought from home. Which heart will not melt at the affection of such a
mother towards her daughter’s assassin?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “My father
could not come due to his ill health. Samunder had given a letter for my family
members when I went to tie Rakhi on 11 August 2003. In that letter he had asked
pardon to everyone in the family and had expressed his desire to go home and
meet her parents when he comes out in parol.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “As a
result of the contacts with the high officials Fr.Swamy could succeeded in
bringing him out in parole. On the way he visited Bishop Goerge Anathil in
Bishop’s House, Indore and seeked his blessings. The next day he visited
Sr.Rani’s tomb and room at Udainagar along with Swamiji and me. We had lunch
with sisters at Snehasadan. He spent his parole at home and went back to jail
with a greatful heart. He got parole for the second time also. Slowly I felt
that if he is my brother and he was forgiven by all, why he should remain in
jail. When I shared my feelings to Swamiji he was of the same opinion and
suggested me about his release. When we approached Bishop Anathil he also
agreed to the idea and co-operated whole heartedly. Fr. Swamy Sadanand drafted
the application and we submitted it to Chief Minister, Jail Minister, IG and SP
with the sign of Bishop Anathil, our Provincial Sr. Rosily, my parents and me.
Fr. Swamy Sadanand met the Governor personally and gave application to him.
Governor said, ‘Only you Christians could forgive this way.’ It was a long
process. After one year, we were asked again to submit application in stamp
paper. We completed all the formalities. Then after one year, on 22 August
2006, the same day of Sr.Rani’s feast, Samunder was released from Jail. It was
very surprising because just one week ago officials told me that it will not
happen soon. I thanked God for His great intervention.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Meanwhile,
her aging father fell sick. He was at home in Pulluvazhi near Perumbavoor,
Kerala. Fr. Sadanand wanted the father to meet Samunder Singh at the nearest
and grand him for forgiveness as well as his paternal blessings.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “One day,
while we were talking on telephone I mentioned to Samunder about my father’s
serious illness. Immediately he expressed his desire to visit my parents at
home in Kerela. I went home early. On13th jan. 2007 Swamiji and Samunder
reached my home at pulluvazhy in Ernakulam Dt, Kerala. It was a great event in
my life. Samunder prostrated down at the feet of my mother. She accepted him as
her own son. Then I took him to my father who was bed ridden for a long time.
Samunder kissed his hands and sat down asking pardon. When I introduced him to
others he was struggling to face them. After receiving blessings from parents
and sibilings he had lunch with us. Then, he was taken to the room where Rani’s
photo was kept. When we sang a hymn he could not control himself. He
cried bitterly…My mother hugged him.. consoled him.. though she was in
tears. The whole family was in sobs and tears…Before leaving my home Samunder
told me again and again…. ‘I can bear these tears … but not the tears of
mother…. How can a mother forgive the murderer of her daughter?’ I told him,
‘She has forgiven everything and has accepted you as her own son.’ He looked at
me in surprise… During his short stay in Kerala, Samundar visited FCC
Generalate, and the Major Archbishop Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “The
presence of Samunder Singh on every death anniversary of Sr.Rani Maria is a
real surprise to the participants. On Raksha Bandhan day, wherever I may be
Samunder visits me and we continue the custom of tying rakhi. If I call him for
anything he comes like a faithful brother keeping aside all his works and
assignments.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “On 25th April
2016, Fr. Swami Sadanand who was a heart patient breathed his last in a centre
of mentally disabled children run by Augustinian Sisters in Kandua. It was
heart breaking news indeed. Fr. Swami was on his way to Dewas jail for a
visit. I was in Kerala at that time. As soon as I got the news, I
informed Samunder Singh. I started from Kerala. The funeral was on 30th April.
His mortal remains were entrusted to AIMS medical college for the medical
students according to his wish. A man becoming alive after death..
Samunder along with his wife Swati escorted Swamiji to the medical college and
he fulfilled all his responsibilities to his spiritual father like a faithful
son. With his blessings he is going forward courageously.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “One day I
asked Samunder about what were his feelings when he prayed at the tomb of Sr.
Rani Maria. He replied ‘I had fear in the beginning, but later I started
experiencing a kind of peace and happiness in the mind and I felt some rays
from sky falling on me. I used to pray to Rani Didi whenever I go for some
important work.’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> “24 August
2016 I got the news of my mother’s serious illness, I started to Kerala. Her
condition was deteriorating day by day. One day Samunder rang up to me. I could
not but tell him about my mother’s condition. I knew that he would come home
when he gets the news about her illness. Now Fr. Swami is no more and I will
have to care for him. Samunder reached home on 31 August 2016. He gave a
spoonful of water to mother and she drank it. He spent almost two to three
hours with mother. Rev. Fr. Josanto–the brother of Fr. Swami came
to my help. I sent Samunder to Sagar Mission House. As if my mother waited for
her third son Samunder to reach, at 11 pm, on 2 September 2016 her holy soul
flew away to heaven for her eternal reward. As soon as Samunder got the news he
reached Aluva in Kerala and accompanied by Mother General Ann Joseph, General
Councillor Sr. Starly and other team members reached home to pay his last
tribute to mother. He carried the coffin of mother along with the other sons
and fulfilled his duties as the third son.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623184623/http:/www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/9">https://web.archive.org/web/20210623184623/http://www.blessedranimaria.com/index.php/welcome/inner/9</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sr. Rani Maria’s
beatification: ‘A joy for India’</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">BY: <a href="https://mattersindia.com/author/editor/" title="Posts by Matters India">MATTERS
INDIA</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">ON: NOVEMBER 2,
2017 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">IN: <a href="https://mattersindia.com/category/national/">NATIONAL</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">TAGGED: <a href="https://mattersindia.com/tag/sister-rani-maria/">SISTER RANI MARIA</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The CBCI Secretariat has
issued a Press Release on November 2, ahead of the Beatification of Sister Rani
Maria which will be held on November 4, in Indore, India.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sister Rani Maria,
professed sister of the Franciscan Clarist Congregation whose cause was cleared
for beatification on March 23, 2017 will be declared ‘Blessed’ at a ceremony to
be held on November 4 in Indore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beatification is the
penultimate stage in the four-phased canonization process in the Catholic
Church. Rani Maria’s cause of canonization began in 2003 and she was declared a
Servant of God four years later.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sr. Rani Maria died of 54
stab wounds from an assassin in central India 22 years ago. The assassin Samandar
Singh who was hired by some landlords, stabbed her inside a bus on February 25,
1995. He followed her when she ran out of the crowded bus and continued to stab
her. She died on the roadside at Nachanbore Hill, near Indore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The beatification
ceremony will take place on the premises of St Paul’s Higher Secondary School
near St Francis Assisi Cathedral in Indore. It will be jointly organised by the
Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly and the Franciscan Clarist Congregation(FCC),
the religious order to which Sister Rani Maria belonged.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The full text of the CBCI
Press Release is here below:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">PRESS RELEASE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beatification of Sister
Rani Maria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Catholic Church in
India rejoices on the occasion of the Beatification of Sr. Rani Maria and gives
thanks to God for giving the people of India another Saint as a model to
imitate and as an intercessor in Heaven. Sr. Rani Maria will be beatified on
Saturday, November 4, 2017, at Indore. Cardinal Angelo Amato, the Prefect of
the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, is coming down specially from the
Vatican to preside over the Ceremony. All four Indian Cardinals, the Apostolic
Nuncio to India, nearly 50 Bishops and hundreds of Priests, Sisters and lay
faithful will participate in the Solemn Ceremony.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sister Rani Maria Vattalil,
a member of the Franciscan Clarist Congregation, was slain on 25th February,
1995. According to the Police she was stabbed 54 times in front of more than 50
bus passengers in a jungle area near Udainagar (Madhya Pradesh) allegedly at
the behest of moneylenders affected by the nun’s social work among village
women, who were organizing self-help groups.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Beatification of
Sister Rani Maria is a declaration by the Pope as head of the Church that the
deceased Sister had died a martyr’s death and is now dwelling in heaven. As a
process, the beatification consisted a long examination of the life, virtues,
writings, and reputation for holiness. Sister Rani Maria will now be called
“Blessed” and may be venerated by the faithful in<br />
India and some other specific places.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Samandar Singh, the man
who served a prison term for the 1995 murder of Sr. Rani, told Asia News in
2010 “I accept full responsibility for my heinous murder of Sr. Rani Maria. I
cannot say that I was instigated, because my own hands stabbed her repeatedly
and for this, I will regret my actions till the day I die.” He went on to say
“In my own small way, I try to follow her example, helping those who are less
fortunate than me, like Tribal Christians and all those who are marginalised.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The whole Catholic
Church, while being filled with joy also looks upon Blessed Rani Maria as a
model of sacrifice and selfless witness. As the Bishop of Indore, Bishop Chacko
Thottumarickal expresses it so beautifully: “Blessed Rani Maria is a model for
us as she was ready to shed her blood for the sake of the poor and
downtrodden”. The President of the CBCI, Cardinal Baselios Cleemis, the
Cardinal, Office-Bearers and Bishops wish the people of Indore all God’s
blessings.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We take this opportunity
to thank the Government of India and the Government of Madhya Pradesh for all
the support given to the Catholic Church in organizing this celebration.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">May the Blessed Rani
Maria intercede for us in our work for the deprived and marginalized sections
of our society.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">God bless India.<br />
Bishop Theodore Mascarenhas, SFX<br />
Secretary General,<br />
Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Source: Vatican Radio)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://mattersindia.com/2017/11/sr-rani-marias-beatification-a-joy-for-india/">https://mattersindia.com/2017/11/sr-rani-marias-beatification-a-joy-for-india/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beata Regina Maria
(Mariam) Vattalil</b> Vergine e martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/25">25 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pulluvazhy, Kerala,
India, 29 gennaio 1954 - Udaingar, Madhya Pradesh, India, 25 febbraio 1995<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mariam Vattalil, nata
nello Stato indiano del Kerala da una famiglia di contadini, entrò a vent’anni
nella congregazione delle Suore Francescane Clarisse. Determinata a portare il
Vangelo tra le popolazioni più povere del nord dell’India, avviò programmi di
sensibilizzazione per gli abitanti dei villaggi. Dotata di un’intelligenza
vivace e di un genuino spirito di preghiera, era convinta che nessun sacrificio
potesse essere eccessivo per ottenere la liberazione totale proclamata da Gesù.
Tuttavia, la sua azione missionaria risultò sgradita ai proprietari terrieri e
agli usurai che sfruttavano i contadini. Il 25 febbraio 1995, mentre era
sull’autobus che l’avrebbe riportata a casa, fu aggredita da un giovane,
Samundar Singh: fu uccisa a coltellate. Aveva 41 anni. La sua causa di
beatificazione si è svolta nella diocesi di Indore dal 29 giugno 2005 al 28
giugno 2007. È stata beatificata a Indore il 4 novembre 2017, sotto il
pontificato di papa Francesco.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Infanzia e famiglia</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mariam Vattalil nacque a Pulluvazhy, nello Stato indiano del Kerala, il 29
gennaio 1954. I suoi genitori, Pally ed Eliswa, contadini, la battezzarono
secondo il rito siro-malabarese, in vigore nel Kerala, presso la chiesa di San
Tommaso del loro villaggio, il 5 febbraio 1954. Oltre a lei, la secondogenita,
ebbero altri sei figli, cinque femmine e due maschi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mariam, o Marykunju (corrispettivo di “Mariuccia” o “Marietta”), come la
chiamavano affettuosamente in famiglia, ricevette poi la Prima Comunione e la Cresima
il 30 aprile 1966. Grazie ai genitori e ai nonni, comprese prestissimo
l’importanza della preghiera: sin da piccola partecipava regolarmente alla
Messa e alle devozioni popolari. Frequentava poi il catechismo e s’impegnava a
mettere in pratica nella vita quanto imparava.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ha raccontato suo fratello Stephen: «Era una ragazza di poche parole, indossava
solo abiti molto semplici e non mostrava nessun interesse per gli ornamenti.
Non fece mai niente che potesse ferire qualcuno. Se capitava qualcosa di increscioso,
ne era dispiaciuta». I genitori avevano ben ragione di essere orgogliosi di
lei, se sua madre ricorda: «Era diversa dalle altre ragazze ed era
straordinariamente obbediente».<br />
<br /><b>
Gli studi</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La sua formazione scolastica iniziò col “Kalari”, la forma tradizionale
d’istruzione che anticipava la scuola elementare, che durò due anni. In
seguito, Mariam fu iscritta alla Scuola Primaria Governativa di Pulluvazhy e
proseguì gli studi nell’Istituto Jayakeralam della stessa città.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tra un dovere scolastico e l’altro, trovava tempo per aiutare suo padre nel
lavoro dei campi e sua madre nelle faccende domestiche. Mostrava inoltre uno
spiccato interesse e un amore particolare verso i servi di casa, coi quali
spesso si fermava a parlare.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dato che il suo diploma della scuola secondaria si prospettava buono, i
genitori inviarono Mariam al Liceo San Giuseppe di Tripunithura. Sotto la guida
delle suore insegnanti, fece notevoli progressi, sia a livello intellettivo sia
spirituale, nella sua vita scolastica e nel collegio interno.<br />
<br /><b>
Vocazione religiosa</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mentre frequentava l’ultimo anno delle superiori, Mariam, che a scuola era
detta Mary, riconobbe di sentirsi chiamata a diventare suora. Condivideva il
suo stesso sogno una cugina, Cicily, con la quale iniziò a frequentare il
convento delle suore Francescane Clarisse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Da non confondersi con le monache fondate dai santi Francesco e Chiara
d’Assisi, erano e sono una congregazione religiosa nata proprio in India, sul
finire del 1800, per il servizio ai più abbandonati. A quella congregazione
appartiene anche la prima santa di nazionalità indiana, suor Alfonsa
dell’Immacolata Concezione, canonizzata nel 2008.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mariam era preoccupata per la reazione dei suoi congiunti, ma un giorno si fece
coraggio e annunciò che sarebbe entrata in convento. I fratelli e le sorelle si
opposero fermamente e chiesero al loro padre di non concederle il permesso.
L’uomo replicò: «Ma se lei insiste, che ci posso fare? Se Dio desidera così,
come possiamo andare contro questo?».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Udendo la conversazione, intervenne la nonna: «Perché vi opponete che Marykunju
entri in convento? Non va forse per una causa nobile? Quanti genitori
desiderano che i loro figli diventino preti e suore? Lo ottengono sempre? La
vocazione alla vita religiosa non è concessa a tutti. Dio la concede solo ad
alcuni». A quelle parole sagge, tutti ammutolirono.<br />
<br /><b>
Tra le Suore Francescane Clarisse</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 3 luglio 1972 Mariam e Cicily iniziarono il periodo di aspirantato, durato
fino al 30 ottobre 1972, nel convento delle Francescane Clarisse a Kidangoor.
Seguirono il postulandato, dal 1° novembre 1972 al 29 aprile 1973, e il
noviziato, dal 30 aprile 1973 allo stesso giorno dell’anno successivo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 1° maggio 1974, Mariam compì la sua prima professione nella congregazione
delle Francescane Clarisse. Il suo nome religioso fu suor Rani Maria; Rani è
corrispettivo di “Regina”. La cugina Cicily, invece, assunse quello di suor
Soni Maria.<br />
<br /><b>
I primi tempi da religiosa</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La sua maestra durante l’aspirantato e il postulandato, suor Gladys, ha
testimoniato: «Aveva sempre un viso sorridente ed era una ragazza intelligente.
Faceva tutto alla perfezione e non si lamentava di nulla. Non aveva bisogno di
alcuna correzione. Restando salda in ciò che è vero e giusto, parlava sempre
molto apertamente».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Una connovizia, suor Alze Maria, l’ha invece descritta in questi termini:
«Durante il periodo di formazione, eravamo impegnate in vari compiti. Dovevamo
fare tutto da noi a gruppi. Tutte volevano avere suor Rani nel proprio gruppo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pulivamo la casa, la stalla, i gabinetti e i bagni. Lei era sempre la prima per
questi lavori umili. Suor Rani Maria era abituata a santificare ogni istante
recitando giaculatorie o canticchiando inni sacri. Durante le sue ore di
lavoro, la sua giaculatoria preferita era il nome di Gesù».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La maestra di noviziato, suor Infant Mary (suor Maria Bambina), ha confermato:
«Era unica nella preghiera, negli studi, nell’osservanza delle regole, nelle
responsabilità che le venivano affidate; in breve, in tutto. Non era mai
infastidita dalle altre o con le altre. Era imparziale quando veniva chiamata a
indicare i difetti delle altre e lo faceva con precisione. Era sempre molto
preoccupata della volontà di Dio».<br />
<br /><b>
Chiamata a servire i poveri nel nord dell’India</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Suor Infant Mary visitava di frequente le missioni della congregazione e spesso
raccontava alle novizie la situazione nel nord dell’India: milioni di persone,
illetterate e povere, non conoscevano il Vangelo. Suor Rani Maria si sentì
chiamata a portarlo a quella gente e iniziò sempre più spesso a ripetere: «Anch’io
voglio andare nel nord dell’India per servire i poveri e morire per loro».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In effetti, le Francescane Clarisse erano state le prime missionarie donne
autoctone, negli anni ’60 del secolo scorso, inviate a evangelizzare i
territori settentrionali del Paese. La loro opera era particolarmente
difficile, dato che l’Induismo aveva plasmato la società secondo un sistema di
caste, ancora in vigore nei villaggi rurali.<br />
<br /><b>
Il servizio a Bijnor</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Profondamente determinata a portare avanti quella chiamata missionaria, suor
Rani Maria assunse come motto il passo biblico che Gesù lesse nella sinagoga di
Nazareth, come racconta il Vangelo secondo Luca. Più concretamente, dovette
imparare la lingua del luogo perché la sua azione potesse essere più efficace.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Così, dal 9 luglio 1975, si diede allo studio presso la Casa provincializia
delle Suore di Nostra Signora a Patna. Il 24 dicembre 1975 arrivò al convento
di Santa Maria, nella diocesi di Bijnor, che considerò sempre la culla della
sua vita missionaria.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A causa della carenza di maestri locali qualificati, suor Rani Maria fu
nominata maestra nella scuola di Santa Maria a Bijnor, benché desiderasse
servire i poveri nei villaggi. Nei due anni d’insegnamento, dall’8 settembre
1976 al 7 agosto 1978, si dedicava al servizio sociale, nel quale s’impegnò più
intensamente una volta terminato l’incarico scolastico.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per essere ancora più competente nella missione tra i contadini, studiò
Sociologia e, in parallelo, continuava il suo apostolato. Il 22 maggio 1980
compì la professione solenne nella chiesa di sant’Hormis ad Ankamaly.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Benché non avesse trascorso molti anni a Bijnor, riuscì a raggiungere bambini e
malati nei villaggi dell’interno e nelle capanne. Il parroco di Bijnor, padre
Varghese Kottoor, ricordò: «La semplicità francescana di suor Rani catturava i
cuori e le menti di tutti coloro coi quali entrava in contatto». Suor Infant
Mary confermò: «Freddo pungente, caldo intenso, pasti irregolari, carenza
d’acqua e viaggi attraverso momenti pericolosi o di solitudine e sconforto…
nulla era un ostacolo per suor Rani Maria».<br />
<br /><b>
A Odagady</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 21 luglio 1983, suor Rani Maria fu trasferita a Odagady, in diocesi di
Satna. Arrivò sul posto il 25 luglio e venne nominata coordinatrice delle
attività sociali. Convintissima che nessun sacrificio sarebbe stato eccessivo
per ottenere la liberazione totale proclamata da Gesù, organizzò programmi
educativi per bambini, giovani e anziani. Fece prendere coscienza ai poveri
riguardo alla loro condizione di sfruttamento, così da assumere pienamente i loro
diritti e doveri di cittadini indiani.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Cominciarono quindi minacce alla sua vita, perché, secondo i suoi persecutori,
la sua opera era in realtà un’attività di proselitismo. Invece di spaventarsi,
suor Rani Maria era ancora più entusiasta e zelante nel suo impegno.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Insegnò anche il catechismo alle famiglie cristiane che si erano stabilite a
Odagady prima dell’arrivo dei missionari, mentre i non cristiani erano attratti
dal suo amore per loro e dalla sua instancabile attività.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In mezzo alle sue innumerevoli incombenze, suor Rani Maria trovò il tempo per
un ritiro di due mesi, in silenzio e solitudine, presso la Casa di preghiera
“Porziuncola” annessa alla Casa generalizia delle Suore Clarisse Francescane ad
Aluva. Dal 30 maggio 1989 al 15 dello stesso mese del 1992 fu superiora locale
e, intanto, conseguì un master in Sociologia all’università di Rewa. Infine,
ebbe l’incarico di consulente per il Dipartimento dei servizi sociali della
Provincia di Amala della sua congregazione.<br />
<br /><b>
A Udainagar</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Trasferita il 15 maggio 1992 a Sneha Sadan presso Udainagar, suor Rani Maria vi
arrivò dopo tre giorni di viaggio. Grazie alla sua esperienza, studiò
attentamente lo stato di vita degli abitanti: si rese conto che erano caduti in
una trappola tesa da parte dei commercianti di Udainagar, diventando dipendenti
dagli usurai che divoravano le loro magre entrate e le loro proprietà.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Suor Rani Maria attuò quindi alcuni programmi di coscientizzazione, che diedero
i loro frutti: i poveri di Udainagar divennero cittadini attivi e responsabili.
Lei stessa andò a protestare presso gli ufficiali governativi, ma riceveva solo
rifiuti e derisioni per il suo interesse verso i fuoricasta.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Una novizia che l’accompagnò a un colloquio col direttore di una banca ha
raccontato che, tenendo in mano il crocifisso che portava al collo, suor Rani
Maria dichiarò: “Signore, noi abbiamo accettato questo stile di vita e siamo
venute qui perché non abbiamo mezzi di sussistenza a casa, e non perché i
nostri genitori ci hanno cacciate di casa. Guardi! Abbiamo accettato questo
stile di vita, una vita di sacrificio, per lavorare per Cristo nei poveri”.
Gradualmente riuscì a ottenere l’ammirazione anche dei governativi, grazie ai
suoi modi gentili, alla sua azione disinteressata e, soprattutto, alla sua maniera
cortese di parlare. Inoltre, insegnò ad alcuni giovani come aiutare i poveri e
loro stessi tramite l’assistenza finanziaria delle banche private di Udainagar
e Indore.<br />
<br /><b>
La preghiera di suor Rani Maria</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La preghiera era la radice del suo impegno: si alzava ogni giorno alle quattro
del mattino e trascorreva molto tempo in preghiera personale. Quanto a quella
comunitaria, la guidava in maniera attiva e con gioia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nelle sue note personali, lasciò scritte alcune invocazioni. Ad esempio:
«Signore, aiutami ad accettare il tuo amore nei giorni buoni e in quelli
cattivi, quando sono delusa di me stessa e quando sono forte. Aiutami a credere
profondamente nel tuo amore immutabile, cosicché io possa sempre gioire in esso
senza paure e preoccupazioni».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
O anche: «Padre, io sono debole e lontana dalle virtù. Aiutami a rendermi conto
che tu usi i deboli del mondo per confondere i forti. Mostrami come fare il
prossimo passo nel mio desiderio di costruire il tuo Regno. Benedici i miei
umili sforzi, cosicché io possa glorificare il tuo nome con la mia vita. Amen».<br />
<br /><b>
Un rischio ponderato</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel frattempo, i programmi di sviluppo avviati da suor Rani Maria avevano
iniziato a essere avversati dagli usurai e dagli sfruttatori dei contadini.
L’unico modo per arrestare quel processo appariva essere quello di togliere di
mezzo colei che ne era stata l’ispiratrice. L’idea si fece concreta dopo che la
religiosa era riuscita a far uscire dal carcere alcuni fedeli cattolici,
erroneamente coinvolti in un tumulto.<br />
Suor Rani Maria sapeva di essere presa di mira, ma non volle in alcun modo
fermarsi. Il 17 febbraio 1995, in visita alla Casa provincializia in occasione
della visita canonica della Madre generale, dichiarò: «Non dovremmo cercare
sicurezza e comodità nella nostra opera missionaria. Con coraggio e fiducia in
Dio sempre di più le suore dovrebbero essere pronte a rischiare loto stesse nel
servire i poveri e i bisognosi nei villaggi sottosviluppati delle missioni».
Nella stessa occasione confidò alla sua ex maestra di noviziato: «Desidererei
morire martire per amore di Gesù e per i miei poveri fratelli oppressi».<br />
<br /><b>
L’ultimo viaggio</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il mattino del 25 febbraio 1995, suor Rani Maria si alzò presto come suo
solito, anche perché doveva prendere il primo autobus per Indore; di lì avrebbe
dovuto dirigersi alla Casa provincializia di Bhopal e proseguire per il suo
nativo Kerala. Prima di uscire, secondo una sua abitudine, la suora prese la
Bibbia e la aprì a caso. Uscì il versetto 16 del capitolo 49 del profeta Isaia:
«Non aver paura! Ecco, sulle palme delle mie mani ti ho disegnato».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Accompagnata da due consorelle, suor Rani Maria andò alla fermata, ma le venne
detto che era saltata una corsa. Mentre tornavano indietro, le suore videro
l’autobus su cui avrebbe dovuto salire. Un’altra religiosa, suor Liza Rose,
chiese al conducente di riservare un posto a suor Rani Maria: fu risposto che
avrebbe potuto salire di fronte al convento, alle 8.15.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Quando il mezzo arrivò, suor Rani Maria salutò le altre suore, mentre suor Liza
l’aiutò col bagaglio a mano. Tuttavia, un giovane vestito di bianco posò la
borsa accanto al conducente e chiese alla suora di sedersi dietro: era un fatto
strano, poiché alle suore veniva riservato un posto nella parte anteriore del
bus.<br />
<b><br />
Il martirio</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel corso del viaggio, un uomo, Jeevan Singh, che era stato coinvolto in alcuni
tumulti precedenti, cominciò a insultare la suora, accusandola di proselitismo.
Quando il bus raggiunse una giungla a circa venti chilometri da Udainagar, un
giovane sulla ventina, Samundar Singh, seduto accanto a suor Rani Maria, si
alzò dal posto e chiese al conducente di fermare l’autobus.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Scese e infranse una noce di cocco contro una roccia, offrendone i pezzi agli
altri passeggeri, una volta salito: era un “puja”, una forma di preghiera indù.
Fece per darne uno anche alla suora, ma glielo tolse subito dopo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
«Perché sei così allegro, oggi?», domandò lei. Estraendo un coltello, il
giovane rispose: «Solo per questo», e glielo infilzò nello stomaco. Mentre lui
la pugnalava ripetutamente, il bus si fermò: l’aggressore scese e continuò a
colpire la suora, finché non morì. Nessuno dei passeggeri osò soccorrerla,
molti fuggirono. Finché ebbe fiato, suor Rani Maria continuò a ripetere la sua
preghiera preferita, il nome di Gesù.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Verso le 10.45, le suore furono informate dalla polizia che il corpo di suor
Rani Maria era stato rinvenuto lungo la strada, accanto all’autobus
abbandonato. Il vescovo di Indore, monsignor George Anathil, andò insieme ad
alcuni sacerdoti e, dopo le formalità legali, portò il cadavere in episcopio
per la camera ardente. L’autopsia riscontrò che la suora aveva subito 40 ferite
gravi e 14 ecchimosi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
I funerali si tennero il 27 febbraio nella cattedrale di Indore, piena di
gente. Il corpo della suora fu quindi sepolto a Udainagar, dove si raccolse una
folla di persone in lutto, senza distinzione di casta o di credo religioso.<br />
<br /><b>
Un legame nato dal perdono</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tra le sorelle di suor Rani Maria, una di esse, Celine, prese i voti nella sua
stessa congregazione, nel 1984, diventando suor Selmy Paul. Di fronte al
cadavere della sorella, inizialmente ebbe un moto di ribellione nei confronti
di Dio. Quando si fu calmata, chiese la grazia di poter perdonare l’assassino.<br />
Dopo varie richieste andate a vuoto, suor Selmy Paul poté incontrare Samundar
Singh, che scontava la sua pena nel carcere di Indore. Era il 21 agosto 2002,
in cui quell’anno cadeva la festività indù del Rakshabandhan, che prevede la
nascita di nuovi legami di protezione tra le persone. Legando un filo ornato
(il “rakhi”) al polso di Samundar, suor Selmy Paul si pose idealmente sotto la
sua protezione: l’uomo, commosso, le manifestò il proprio pentimento.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Anche Eliswa, la madre di suor Rani Maria e di suor Selmy Paul, volle
incontrare il prigioniero otto anni dopo l’uccisione della figlia. Baciò le sue
mani, spiegando in seguito: «Desideravo compiere questo gesto, baciare le mani
che avevano ucciso mia figlia, perché quelle mani erano bagnate del suo sangue».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Samundar Singh è stato scarcerato dopo undici anni, anche per intervento della
Madre provinciale delle Francescane Clarisse, dalla famiglia di suor Rani Maria
e del vescovo di Indore. La sua vicenda di pentimento e perdono è stata
raccontata nel 2014 nel film documentario «Il cuore dell’assassino», di
Catherine McGilvray.<br />
<br /><b>
Fama di martirio e avvio della causa di beatificazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Immediatamente dopo la sua uccisione, suor Rani Maria cominciò a essere
ritenuta una martire, seppure non ufficialmente. Alla sua tomba si recavano
sempre più persone, alcune delle quali affermarono di aver ricevuto delle
grazie singolari per sua intercessione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per questo motivo, le Suore Francescane Clarisse domandarono di poter avviare
la sua causa di beatificazione, per l’accertamento del martirio in odio alla
fede. Dopo il nulla osta da parte della Santa Sede, il 26 settembre 2003, è
stata aperta il 29 giugno 2005 a Indore l’inchiesta diocesana, conclusa il 28
giugno 2007. Gli atti del processo sono stati convalidati il 27 novembre 2009.<br />
<br /><b>
Il riconoscimento del martirio e la beatificazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La “Positio super martyrio”, consegnata nel 2014, è stata esaminata dai
Consultori teologi della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi l’11 febbraio 2016
e, con valutazione altrettanto positiva, dai cardinali e dai vescovi membri
della stessa Congregazione il 21 marzo 2017. Due giorni dopo, il 23 marzo, papa
Francesco ha autorizzato la promulgazione del decreto con cui suor Rani Maria è
stata dichiarata ufficialmente martire.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La beatificazione della religiosa è stata celebrata il 4 novembre 2017 a Saint
Paul Institute of Professional Studies di Indore. A presiedere il rito, in
qualità di delegato del Santo Padre, il cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefetto della
Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Emilia Flocchini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/97189">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/97189</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi</b> : <a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/eglise/news/2020-02/histoire-de-saintete.html">https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/eglise/news/2020-02/histoire-de-saintete.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/11/murdered-nun-beatified-india-sister-rani-maria-martyr-social-justice">https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/11/murdered-nun-beatified-india-sister-rani-maria-martyr-social-justice</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.ucanews.com/news/thousands-venerate-slain-indian-nun-on-first-feast-day/81640">https://www.ucanews.com/news/thousands-venerate-slain-indian-nun-on-first-feast-day/81640</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.indiatvnews.com/crime/news/heart-of-a-murderer-man-who-stabbed-catholic-nun-50-times-4665.html">https://www.indiatvnews.com/crime/news/heart-of-a-murderer-man-who-stabbed-catholic-nun-50-times-4665.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/22-years-after-rani-maria-murder-kerala-nun-to-be-beatified-mariam-vattalil/">https://indianexpress.com/article/india/22-years-after-rani-maria-murder-kerala-nun-to-be-beatified-mariam-vattalil/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/8008/man-celebrates-beatification-of-indian-nun-he-murdered-">https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/8008/man-celebrates-beatification-of-indian-nun-he-murdered-</a></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-19767438407260968932024-02-23T14:21:00.000-08:002024-02-23T14:44:13.848-08:00Saint GIOVANNI THERISTI (TERESTI), moine basilien et confesseur<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/2/2d/90861.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/2/2d/90861.JPG" width="195" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/San_Giovanni_Theristis" title="San Giovanni Theristis">San Giovanni Theristis</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Jean le Moissonneur<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Confesseur (XIe siècle)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Originaire de Calabre.
Élevé par sa mère captive dans une famille arabe de Palerme, il se convertit à
la foi en Jésus-Christ à l'âge de 14 ans.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Style en Calabre, vers 1127, saint Jean, qui fut admis chez les moines grecs
vivant sous la Règle de saint Basile et mérita le surnom de Thériste ou
Moissonneur, parce que, poussé par une grande charité pour les pauvres, il
avait l'habitude de prêter son aide aux moissonneurs.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5858/Saint-Jean-le-Moissonneur.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5858/Saint-Jean-le-Moissonneur.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Monastero_lato_ristrutturato.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Monastero_lato_ristrutturato.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastero_greco-ortodosso_di_San_Giovanni_Theristis" title="Monastero greco-ortodosso di San Giovanni Theristis">Monastero
greco-ortodosso di San Giovanni Theristis</a>, Bivongi, in provincia di Reggio
Calabria, Italia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Monastery
of San Giovanni Theristis <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Ιερά
Μονή Αγίου Ιωάννη του Θεριστή, is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox
Christian</a> monastery in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivongi" title="Bivongi">Bivongi</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Reggio_Calabria" title="Province of Reggio Calabria">province of Reggio</a>), southern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, part of
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox" title="Romanian Orthodox">Romanian Orthodox</a> Diocese for Italy.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Giovanni_Theristis#cite_note-1">[1]</a></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Bivongi_(RC)%2C_2009%2C_Monastero_Greco_Ortodosso_di_San_Giovanni_Theristis._(4268241545).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="500" height="214" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Bivongi_(RC)%2C_2009%2C_Monastero_Greco_Ortodosso_di_San_Giovanni_Theristis._(4268241545).jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastero_greco-ortodosso_di_San_Giovanni_Theristis" title="Monastero greco-ortodosso di San Giovanni Theristis">Monastero
greco-ortodosso di San Giovanni Theristis</a>, Bivongi, in provincia di Reggio
Calabria, Italia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Monastery
of San Giovanni Theristis <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Ιερά
Μονή Αγίου Ιωάννη του Θεριστή, is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox
Christian</a> monastery in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivongi" title="Bivongi">Bivongi</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Reggio_Calabria" title="Province of Reggio Calabria">province of Reggio</a>), southern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, part of
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox" title="Romanian Orthodox">Romanian Orthodox</a> Diocese for Italy.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Giovanni_Theristis#cite_note-1">[1]</a></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Giovanni Theristi"><b>Saint Giovanni Theristi</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni the Reaper<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni the Harvester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni Terestes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni Teresti<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni Theristis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni Theristus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni of Palermo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">John…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/23-february">23
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/24-february">24
February</a> (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>; <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monastery">monastery</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-bivongi-italy">Bivongi</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/24-june">24 June</a> (dedication
of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/church">church</a> named
in his honour)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">formerly <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/26-february">26
February</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-palermo-italy">Palermo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a> was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-pregnant-women">pregnant</a> with
“Giovanni” (we don’t know his birth name), she was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-slavery">enslaved</a> and
taken to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-palermo-italy">Palermo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-sicily">Sicily</a> by
Saracen raiders; his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-fathers">father</a>,
Arconte di Cursano, a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-farm-workers">farmer</a>,
was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">killed</a> in
the same attack. His <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a> raised
Giovanni as a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/christianity">Christian</a> as
best she could, though there were no <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/church">churches</a> or <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/clergy">clergy</a> in
the Saracen controlled area. At age 14, Giovanni escaped from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-sicily">Sicily</a> in
a small boat, a hand-held cross as his only possession. His boat grounded at
the small town of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>.
He told the people who found him that he wanted to be <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/baptism">Baptized</a>,
so they handed him over to their <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a>.
The <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a> first
suspected that the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-boys">boy</a>,
who was dressed as a Moor, might be involved with Saracen raiding parties, but
eventually realized that he was truthful, and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/baptism">baptized</a> him
into the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/christianity">faith</a> at
one of the old <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monastery">monastaries</a> around
the town; the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a>‘s
name was Giovanni, and the boy took that as his new name.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Living among <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/christianity">Christians</a>,
Giovanni began feeling a call to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-people-in-religious-life">religious
life</a>. This led him to study with the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-monks">monks</a> who
lived in the caves around <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a>.
He particularly learned from two <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/asceticism">ascetic</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/basilians">Basilian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-monks">monks</a>,
Ambrose and Nicola, and joined the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/basilians">Basilians</a> while
still a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-young-people">young
man</a>. He became <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/abbot">abbot</a> of
the community. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/abbot">Abbot</a> Giovanni
founded the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monastery">monastery</a> at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-bivongi-italy">Bivongi</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>;
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monastery">house</a> was
later re-named in his hounour.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There are a number of
stories about Giovanni that have survived, some <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/miracle">miraculous</a>,
others mundane and simply show the man’s concern for the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a> and
dedication to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/christianity">Christian</a> life
and the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/basilians">Basilian</a> Rule
–<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• The boat young Giovanni
used to escape from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-palermo-italy">Palermo</a> had
no oars or sails, but carried the boy safely to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a> without
them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• While at sea, the boat
was spotted by Turkish raiders. When the raiders approached the boat, it hid
from them by sinking beneath the water; it re-surfaced after the raiders had
sailed on. Giovanni, of course, was fine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• Brother Giovanni would
help <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-farm-workers">reapers</a> in
the field and then give all he had earned to the poor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/abbot">Abbot</a> Giovanni
once <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/prayer">prayed</a> for
help to save a harvest that was about to be destroyed by a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-storms">storm</a>;
an <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/angel">angel</a> appeared
and instantly harvested the crop, saving the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-peasants">peasants</a> from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-starvation">starving</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• In another instance,
he <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/prayer">prayed</a> for
help to save a harvest from a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-storms">storm</a>.
The <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-storms">storm</a> stopped
moving and waited until the crop was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-farm-workers">harvested</a> by
the locals; Giovanni then stopped <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/prayer">praying</a>,
and the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-storms">storm</a> moved
on over the field.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• When he learned of
treasure that belonged to his family from before the Saracen raid that <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">killed</a> his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-fathers">father</a>,
he distributed the new-found wealth to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• In one of the caves
near the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/basilians">Basilian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monastery">monastery</a> is
a spring of water; in winter, Giovanni would stand in the icy waters to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/prayer">pray</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• Ruggero il Guiscardo,
suffering from an incurable sore on his face, was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-healers">healed</a> upon
contact with Giovanni’s tunic.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">between <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-995">995</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1049">1049</a> (records
vary) in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-palermo-italy">Palermo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">between <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1054">1054</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1129">1129</a> (records
vary) in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-gravediggers">buried</a> at
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monastery">monastery</a> of
the Madonna del Maestro, also known as “S Giovanni Teresti old”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/relics">relics</a> transferred
to town of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1660">1660</a> by
order of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/pope-alexander-viii">Alexander
VIII</a> in the hope of protection by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/saints">Saint</a> Giovanni
from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-earthquakes">earthquakes</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-against-brigands">brigands</a> that
were plaguing the town<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/relics">relics</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/shrine">enshrined</a>,
along with those of Ambrose and Nicola, the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/basilians">Basilian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/monks">monks</a> who
had helped Giovanni into <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-people-in-religious-life">religious
life</a>, in a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/church">church</a> that
had been built by the Minim Fathers and given to the care of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/basilians">Basilians</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1662">1662</a>;
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/relics">relics</a> were <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/shrine">enshrined</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/12-march">12 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1662">1662</a>,
and the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/church">church</a> named San
Giovanni Teristi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a bone from his arm was
donated to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-palermo-italy">Palermo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1724">1724</a>,
and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/shrine">enshrined</a> as
a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/relic">relic</a> in
a silver, arm-shaped <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/reliquary">reliquary</a> which
is still displayed in the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/cathedral">cathedral</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/archdiocese-of-palermo-italy">Palermo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/relics">relics</a> re-<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/shrine">enshrined</a> under
the left side <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/altar">altar</a> of
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/church">church</a>,
then in the care of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/redemptorists">Redemptorists</a>,
on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/24-june">24
June</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-1847">1847</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/christian-art">Representation</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/sickle">sickle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/flask">flask</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/wine">wine</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/bread">bread</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-stilo-italy">Stilo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/book-of-saints-john-therest">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/saints-of-the-day-john-theristus-monk">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4053" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind1002&L=medieval-religion&P=R130738&1=medieval-religion&9=A&I=-3&J=on&K=14&d=No+Match%3BMatch%3BMatches&z=4">John
Dillon</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Theristus" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>:
Saint John Theristus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Giovanni_Theristis" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>:
San Giovanni Theristis Monastery<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=90861" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Theristus" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>video</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX_Oiax3rSl90jUMyF_Yp7bA" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://es.catholic.net/op/articulos/36749/juan-theristes-santo.html#modal" target="_blank">Catholic Net</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Theristes" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>font
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/San_Giovanni_Theristis" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90861" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vallatadellostilaro.com/Cultura/Biblioteca/Il-monastero-calabro-di-San-Giovanni-Therestis" target="_blank">Universita degli Studi di Torino</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Theristis" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>:
Giovanni Theristis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbazia_di_San_Giovanni_Therestis" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>: Abbazia di San Giovanni Therestis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastero_greco-ortodosso_di_San_Giovanni_Theristis" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>: Monastero greco-ortodosso di San Giovanni
Theristis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>spletne
strani v slovenšcini</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://svetniki.org/sveti-janez-teristi-menih/" target="_blank">Svetniki</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Giovanni
Theristi“. CatholicSaints.Info. 18 September 2023. Web. 23 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-theristi/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-john-therest/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – John Therest"><b>Book of Saints – John
Therest</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Saint) (June 24) (12th
century) Of Calabrian parentage, he was born in Sicily, whither his mother had
been carried by the Mohammedans who in the twelfth century made frequent
inroads into Italy. He escaped from the Infidels while still a child and,
crossing into Italy, was baptised and permitted to embrace the life of a hermit
under the discipline of two Basilian monks in repute of high sanctity. In this
he persevered to the day of his death (February 24, A.D. 1129), excelling in
sanctity even his masters. He worked many miracles to the edification and help
of those who sought his prayers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate. “John
Therest”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-john-therest/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
25 March 2022. Web. 23 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-john-therest/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-john-therest/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-john-therest/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-john-theristus-monk/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – John Theristus, Monk"><b>Saints of
the Day – John Theristus, Monk</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Born in Sicily; died
1129. John’s Calabrian mother had been captured by the Saracens and brought to
Sicily as a slave, where John was born. He contrived to escape to Calabria
while still a child, and there he became a Benedictine. Theristus means
‘harvester,’ a reference to a miraculous harvesting supposed to have been
performed by the saint (Benedictines).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-john-theristus-monk/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
25 March 2022. Web. 23 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-john-theristus-monk/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-john-theristus-monk/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-john-theristus-monk/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. John Theristus</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> February 24</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Birth: 1049</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: 1129Benedictine monk, called Theristus or "Harvester." He was
of Calabrian lineage, born in Sicily. His mother was a slave of the
Saracens. <a href="https://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=50">John</a> escaped
at a young age and became a monk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4053">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4053</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_Theresti.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_Theresti.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Chiesa di San Giovanni Theresti, Stilo - RC</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Municipio_di_Stilo_nell'abbazia_di_San_Giovanni_e_chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_(settembre_2022).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Municipio_di_Stilo_nell'abbazia_di_San_Giovanni_e_chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_(settembre_2022).jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Municipio
di Stilo nell'abbazia di San Giovanni e chiesa di San Giovanni (settembre 2022)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Stilo%2C_san_giovanni_therestis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="610" data-original-width="800" height="244" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Stilo%2C_san_giovanni_therestis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbazia_di_San_Giovanni_Therestis" title="Abbazia di San Giovanni Therestis">Abbazia di San Giovanni Therestis</a>
a Stilo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Giovanni
Theristi (Teresti)</b> Monaco<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/23">23 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">995 c. - 1050 c.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Giovanni nacque verso il
995 a Palermo, dove la madre, già incinta, era stata portata prigioniera dai
saraceni, che l'avevano catturata in un'incursione a Stilo. Istruito dalla
madre, Giovanni, all'età di 14 anni, quando seppe delle vicende della sua
famiglia, decise di ritornare a Stilo. Qui fu accolto e battezzato in uno dei
monasteri della Valle dello Stilaro. Crescendo Giovanni fortificò la sua fede
con la preghiera e l'ascesi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Stilo in Calabria, san Giovanni, che, divenuto monaco secondo le
regole dei Padri d’Oriente, meritò di essere chiamato Theristis, Mietitore,
perché, mosso da somma carità verso i bisognosi, era solito prestare aiuto ai
mietitori.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C’è un santo
italo-greco, Giovanni Teresti, vissuto a cavallo dell’anno Mille, la cui storia
è legata ai raccolti di grano. Si racconta che spesso aiutava i contadini che
coltivavano il frumento nella zona di Stilo, in Calabria.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un giorno di giugno, durante un furioso temporale che rischiava di distruggere
il raccolto, pregò intensamente affinché il grano fosse mietuto per tempo e
sistemato in covoni. L’operazione fu portata a termine e da allora per tutti
divenne il Therìstis (“mietitore”).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Giovanni aveva alle spalle una storia drammatica, che rimanda in qualche modo
al conflitto in Ucraina. Il padre fu ucciso nel suo podere presso Monasterace
(Reggio Calabria) durante un’incursione saracena. La mamma, incinta, fu invece
condotta prigioniera a Palermo, dove nel 995 circa partorì il bimbo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fu proprio la madre, che aveva trasmesso al piccolo la fede cristiana, a
convincere il ragazzo a fuggire dalla Sicilia. Appena quattordicenne riuscì
avventurosamente a giungere nella terra dei genitori. Qui, su sua richiesta, fu
battezzato dal vescovo Giovanni, che gli impose il suo stesso nome.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Attratto da Dio si unì a due monaci basiliani, Ambrogio e Nicola, che vivevano
nelle grotte dei dintorni. Giovanni Teresti si distinse in virtù: quando fu
ritrovato il tesoro appartenuto alla sua famiglia, lo volle distribuire ai
poveri e fu poi eletto abate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ebbe fama di grande taumaturgo, tanto che sarebbe ricorso alle sue cure anche
il re Ruggero, guarito da una piaga al viso grazie al contatto con la tunica
del santo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Giovanni condusse una vita da asceta fino alla morte, avvenuta nel 1054. La sua
memoria unisce i cristiani d’Occidente e d’Oriente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
A lui è dedicato il Monastero greco-ortodosso di Bivongi, nei pressi di Stilo,
gestito dai monaci del Monte Athos. Un esempio di unità oggi quanto mai necessario.<br />
<br />
Autore: Enzo Romeo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Alle falde delle Serre
calabresi, vi è un’antica e nobile cittadina, Stilo, la quale diede i natali a
questo santo monaco basiliano. Essa subiva varie incursioni arabe essendo, come
tutta la Calabria, terra di confine dell’Impero d’Oriente; in una di queste
incursioni, operata dai saraceni del secolo X, il padre fu ucciso e la madre
incinta, insieme ad altre donne fu condotta schiava a Palermo, allora come
tutta la Sicilia, dominata dagli arabi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Lì partorì il bambino che però crebbe nella fede cristiana e quando ebbe 14
anni fu mandato dalla madre nella sua patria calabrese per ricevere il
Battesimo, il vescovo locale Giovanni, interdetto di fronte a questo giovane
vestito come un arabo, lo sottopose a duri esami che furono felicemente
superati e quindi lo battezzò dandogli anche il suo nome.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Cresciuto in età, sentì sempre più forte l’attrazione per la vita eroica che
conducevano quei monaci nelle grotte nei dintorni di Stilo, specie di due asceti
basiliani Ambrogio e Nicola, che vivevano in una laura sul Monte Consolino;
aggregatosi alla Comunità, si distinse nelle virtù religiose e contemplative al
punto che dopo un po’ i monaci lo vollero come loro abate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Vicino al popolo, assisteva ed aiutava come meglio poteva i contadini dei
dintorni, operando anche vari miracoli di cui il più celebre è quello, che
imbattutosi in un gruppo di contadini disperati, per un furioso temporale che
stava per abbattersi sul grano, che non erano ancora riusciti a raccogliere;
accortosi di ciò Giovanni si raccolse in preghiera intensa e il buon Dio lo
esaudì e davanti agli occhi stupiti dei contadini, inviò un angelo che in un
baleno fece la mietitura del campo salvando il raccolto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Questo ed altri episodi testimonianti l’aiuto soccorrevole ai contadini fece sì
che passò ai posteri con l’appellativo di “Theristi” cioè il “Mietitore”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Morì intorno alla metà del secolo XI, e grazie alle offerte dei fedeli e la
generosità dei Normanni, la chiesa e il monastero furono ingranditi e
intitolati al suo nome.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
La memoria del santo si trova in tutti i menologi e sinassari greci, ma anche
in quelli bizantini, poi passata anche nel ‘Martirologio Romano’ al 23
febbraio. Stilo lo ha dichiarato suo patrono e protettore e gli riserva ogni
anno una festa solenne con la processione delle reliquie conservate nella
chiesa a lui intitolata.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Antonio
Borrelli<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Che infanzia avventurosa
quella di Giovanni! Nell’Italia del Sud, intorno all’anno Mille, i villaggi
subiscono invasioni da parte degli Arabi che, a quei tempi, dominano la Sicilia
e la Calabria. Una coppia di ricchi e nobili di Cursano, un borgo vicino a
Stilo (Reggio Calabria) aspetta un bambino. Durante una di queste incursioni il
villaggio viene distrutto, l’uomo ucciso e la moglie, assieme ad altre donne,
resa schiava dai Saraceni e condotta a Palermo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
In questa città siciliana, nel 995 circa, nasce il bambino che viene educato
alla fede cristiana. Quando compie quattordici anni e viene a conoscenza della
sua storia dalla madre, decide di mettersi in viaggio per raggiungere il suo
paese d’origine. Si racconta che a Messina il ragazzo attraversi il mare con in
mano una piccola croce e una barca senza vela e senza remi. Per sfuggire a una
nave turca, la barchetta si inabissa per riaffiorare, miracolosamente, lontano
dalla nave nemica. Il giovane arriva sano e salvo sulle coste di Monasterace
(Reggio Calabria) e si avvia a Stilo per incontrare il vescovo Giovanni e
chiedere il Battesimo. Il ragazzo ha vestiti arabi e viene interrogato dal
vescovo dubbioso sulle sue intenzioni. Il vescovo capisce di avere davanti un
buon cristiano e così lo battezza dandogli il suo nome, Giovanni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il ragazzo frequenta i monaci del luogo e le grotte dove abitano. Desidera
vivere come loro e, nonostante sia molto giovane, viene accolto. Giovanni prega
e lavora per mantenersi, dando una mano ai contadini del luogo. È talmente
virtuoso che dopo poco tempo Giovanni viene nominato abate del convento. Quando
a Cursano viene scoperto un tesoro appartenuto ai suoi genitori, Giovanni
regala tutto ai poveri.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il monaco aiuta sempre i contadini e i bisognosi e compie tanti miracoli. Il
più famoso avviene quando una tempesta sta per distruggere il raccolto di
grano. Giovanni prega Dio affinché il raccolto venga salvato. La preghiera
viene ascoltata e all’improvviso un angelo, in un battibaleno, miete il grano.
Il proprietario terriero, dopo questo miracolo, decide di donare i campi al
convento di Giovanni. Da quel momento il santo viene soprannominato il Theristi,
che significa “il Mietitore”. Egli muore a Stilo nel 1054 circa dove tuttora
riposa, nella chiesa a lui intitolata. È il protettore dei mietitori.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Mariella Lentini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90861">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90861</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Il monastero calabro di
San Giovanni Therestis: documentazione e tradizione fino all'età modernaTesi di
laurea di di Paola Gaglioti presso L'università degli Studi di Torino</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Premessa (<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6aaOIFqdQtYTnV3LTlaclI0Yzg/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Per un lungo periodo di
tempo, che va dal VI all'XI secolo, le regioni dell'Italia meridionale
appartengono all'Impero Romano d'Oriente.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In detto periodo, alcuni
avvenimenti furono causa di una massiccia, emigrazione di monaci orientali
verso la Sicilia e la Calabria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel VII secolo, il
sorgere della potenza arabo-maomettana mise in fuga molti anacoreti dimoranti
nei deserti di Siria, Egitto, Libia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Leggi iconoclaste,
(distruzione delle sacre immagini), proclamate dall'imperatore Leone Isaurico,
diedero origine, nel secolo successivo, ad un esodo massiccio di asceti, che
fuggirono con le sacre icone. Dal IX secolo si trasferirono infine in Calabria
i monaci della Sicilia, Invasa dagli Arabi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Questi asceti,
all'interno della regione scarsamente abitata, crearono eremi, laure e cenobi,
diffusero la lingua e la cultura dell'Oriente ortodosso, arrecando gran
beneficio economico alla gente del luogo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel 1030, i Normanni,
soldati di ventura già al soldo del principe di Salerno, cominciarono a "guadagnar
terra" in proprio, entrando in conflitto con molti signori ed anche
con il papa Leone IX che, nel 1053, fecero prigioniero a Civitare, in Puglia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In seguito alla
separazione tra la chiesa Greco-Ortodossa e quella Romano-Cattolica
sopravvenuta nel I054, il Papa sì rappacificò con i Normanni,
riconoscendone le conquiste: la Calabria nel 1059, l'Italia Meridionale nel
1071, la Sicilia in un periodo successivo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Divenuti difensori del
Papa, i Normanni ne assecondarono l'opera di latinizzazione volta a sottrarre
all'ortodossia bizantina le diocesi greche dell'Italia meridionale evitando,
però, di esasperare i rapporti con le popolazioni di forti tradizioni greche.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mentre favorirono le
fondazioni latine ad opera di monaci provenienti dal nord dell'Italia e
d'Europa, i Normanni agirono con prudenza nei riguardi dei monaci greci.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel 1091, Papa Urbano II
fece venire in Calabria il celebre San Brunone che, nella Serra, fondò la
Cetosa di Santo Stefano del Bosco.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A quella fondazione,
Ruggero il Normanno, nel 1094 fece donazione dei beni del monastero greco
dell'Arsafia sul fiume Assi, comprendente diversi casali, tra cui Bivongi,
pertinenza del monastero degli Apostoli (il grande rudere che si nota salendo
la strada per raggiungere il San Giovanni).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il monastero di San
Giovanni Theresti, si trova nella campagne del comune di Bivongi, in una
vallata sovrastata dalle ripide pareti del monte Consolino, denominata "Vallata
bizantina dello Stilaro".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">E' una zona che, a
guardarsi attorno, tutto parla di monachesimo e di mondo bizantino, palestra
ascetica verso la fine del primo millennio, dei Santi locali Ambrogio
e Nicola.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">L'arca monastica è
compresa in un ristretto pianoro a cavallo tra le fiumare dello Stilaro (RC) e
dell'Assi (CZ). dov'è possibile giungere dopo pochi minuti di macchina,
lasciando la provinciale di Bivongi ed imboccando il grande ponte che la
sovrasta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il piccolo monastero con
alcune celle e una cappella, rimane a sinistra del grande portale granitico
attraverso il quale si accede nel cortile e poi alla basilica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In fondo al cortile
rimangono i ruderi, del vecchio monastero basiliano. Dedicata a San Giovanni
Therestis, la basilica risale alla fine dell'XI secolo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tra le tracce di un
preesistente luogo di culto, va segnalato l'attuale nartece (il vano in fondo
alla navata della basilica).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il monastero rientra fra
gli insediamenti ascetici posti sulle pendici del Consolino e delle colline
circostanti, abitati da monaci dalla cultura, dalla spiritualità e
dall'ascetismo così elevati, da far definire questa zona la "Terrasanta de
Basilianesimo".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel monastero, dal 1994
vivono stabilmente, in preghiera, studio e lavoro, monaci greco-ortodossi
provenienti dal monte Athos, in Grecia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sono tornati in questo
lungo rimasto a lungo abbandonato, spinti dalla fede e dalle memorie
storiche, per "elevare le loro preghiere all'Onnipotente", così
come tanti loro confratelli più di mille anni fa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://www.vallatadellostilaro.com/Cultura/Biblioteca/Il-monastero-calabro-di-San-Giovanni-Therestis">http://www.vallatadellostilaro.com/Cultura/Biblioteca/Il-monastero-calabro-di-San-Giovanni-Therestis</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-87121661229143667282024-02-22T04:28:00.000-08:002024-02-22T04:33:34.280-08:00Bienheureuse MARIE de JÉSUS (ÉMILIE d'OULTREMONT d'HOOGHVORST), religieuse et fondatrice de la Société des Soeurs de Marie Réparatrice<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/e/e4/%C3%89milie_d'Oultremont_(1818-1878).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="472" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/e/e4/%C3%89milie_d'Oultremont_(1818-1878).jpg" width="230" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">La <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienheureuse" title="Bienheureuse">bienheureuse</a> Émilie
d'Oultremont de Warfusée (et, de par son mariage, baronne
d’Hooghvorst), en religion Mère Marie de Jésus, (11 octobre 1818 au <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_W%C3%A9gimont" title="Château de Wégimont">château de Wégimont</a> (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgique" title="Belgique">Belgique</a>) - 22
février 1878 à <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>) <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonne" title="Nonne">religieuse</a> <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belges_(nationalit%C3%A9)" title="Belges (nationalité)">belge</a> et fondatrice de la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_Marie-R%C3%A9paratrice" title="Société de Marie-Réparatrice">Société de Marie-Réparatrice</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beata_Maria_di_Ges%C3%B9" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Beata Maria di Gesù">Beata Maria di Gesù</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">, Religiosa e fondatrice
della </span><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_di_Maria_Riparatrice" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Società di Maria Riparatrice">Società di Maria Riparatrice</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Marie de Jésus
(Émilie d'Oultremont)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Fondatrice de la société
de Marie Réparatrice (+ 1878)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Émilie d'Oultremont
d'Hooghvorst, fondatrice de la <a href="https://smr.org/" target="_blank">société
de Marie Réparatrice</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
"Rien ne manquait à cette jeune femme, mère de quatre enfants. Elle avait
une vie aisée et confortable. Mais un jour, Emilie d'Hooghvorst d'Oultremont va
voir son existence bouleversée par une profonde expérience spirituelle. Touchée
au fond du cœur par la tendresse de Dieu pour le monde, elle voit autour d'elle
que cet amour passionné est méconnu et rejeté. Elle comprend alors que c'est
toute sa vie qui va en être changée, et cela pour toujours. Veuve à l'âge de 29
ans, elle va continuer à chercher sa voie qui l'amènera plus tard à fonder une
famille religieuse, les sœurs de Marie Réparatrice. C'était à Strasbourg, en
France, en 1857."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Béatifiée le 12 octobre 1997 par Jean-Paul II</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Florence en Toscane, l'an 1878, la bienheureuse Marie de Jésus (Émilie
d'Oultremont). Mère de quatre enfants, devenue veuve, sans rien négliger de ses
devoirs maternels, elle travailla à fonder en Belgique et à diriger la Société
des Sœurs de Marie Réparatrice et, confiante dans le secours divin, après avoir
surmonté des soucis assez nombreux, elle acheva saintement son pèlerinage sur
terre en faisant route vers la patrie du ciel.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Tu es présent,
Seigneur, au milieu des tâches quotidiennes"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/11471/Bienheureuse-Marie-de-J%C3%A9sus-%28%C3%89milie-d-Oultremont%29.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/11471/Bienheureuse-Marie-de-J%C3%A9sus-%28%C3%89milie-d-Oultremont%29.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bse Marie de Jésus (Émilie
d'Oultremont)</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Veuve Van der Linden D'Hooghvorst</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Religieuse et fondatrice des « Sœurs de Marie Réparatrice (SMR) »</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 1.5pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">arie de Jésus, dans le
siècle Émilie d'Oultremont, naît le 11 octobre 1818 à Wégimont, près de
Liège ; ses parents appartiennent à la noblesse belge. Avec ses deux
frères elle reçoit une solide formation dans tous les domaines et une
excellente éducation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dotée d’une riche
personnalité, elle a du charme et de la volonté. Son père étant ambassadeur de
Belgique auprès du Saint-Siège, Émilie l’accompagne dans ses voyages à travers
l’Europe. Très jeune, elle se sent fortement attirée par l’absolu de Dieu et va
découvrir la personne et la spiritualité <a href="http://levangileauquotidien.org/main.php?language=FR&module=saintfeast&localdate=20140731&id=5666&fd=0">St
Ignace de Loyola (1491-1556)</a>.En elle grandit le désir de la vie religieuse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Elle a dix huit ans quand
ses parents, selon la coutume de l’époque, lui parlent de mariage. Après un
temps d’hésitation, elle épouse, le 19 Octobre 1837, Victor d’Hooghvorst. C’est
un mariage de raison qui va devenir un mariage d’amour et sera comblé avec la
naissance de quatre enfants, <a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=21">deux
garçons et deux filles</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La vie d’Émilie se partage entre sa famille, le service des pauvres et ses
engagements mondains. À Rome, un jour, en plein milieu d’un grand bal, Dieu se
révèle à elle comme l’Unique. Jaillit en elle la réponse: « Maître, vous
seul dans ma vie ! » « À dater de ce moment, je compris qu’il y
aurait entre Lui et moi une union que plus rien ne briserait. »</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le bonheur d’Émilie et de Victor sera de courte durée : Victor contracte une
grave maladie et meurt prématurément le10 août 1847.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Émilie se retrouve veuve à vingt-neuf ans, avec quatre enfants de deux à neuf
ans qu’elle éduque avec amour. Mais le désir d’appartenir totalement à Jésus
prend de plus en plus possession de son cœur. Ses parents meurent dans les
quatre ans qui suivent la mort de son mari. Elle prend alors de la distance
vis-à-vis de sa famille, décide de mettre ses fils au collège en France, fait
des démarches pour venir habiter à Paris et quitte définitivement la Belgique
en 1854. Mais avant son départ, une de ses tantes l’invite dans son château de
Bauffe. Là, Dieu l’attendait.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 8 Décembre 1854, au
moment précis où le dogme de l’Immaculée Conception est proclamé à Rome, Émilie
se trouve en prière dans la chapelle de Bauffe. Elle vit là une forte
expérience spirituelle qui va l’illuminer pour toujours.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Émilie relate cette expérience comme une rencontre avec Marie. Celle-ci
lui confie le désir secret de son cœur maternel. Marie l’appelle à aimer
Jésus, et les membres de son Corps, « avec la délicatesse d’amour qui se
trouve dans le cœur d’une mère », et à être ainsi « <a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=17">Marie pour Jésus</a> ». C’est
une invitation à collaborer à la mission de rédemption et de réparation
du Christ. Elle y répond sans réserve : « Je promis tout à Marie. »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Émilie se sent poussée à
une vie de « réparation », selon un courant spirituel propre au XIXe
siècle, et à une époque où l’on est sensible aux profanations de
l’Eucharistie. Elle mesure le poids de la tendresse de Dieu pour le monde, et a
conscience de l’urgence d’y répondre par le don de sa vie.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pour Émilie, réparer, c’est vouloir sans cesse être tourné vers le Christ,
désirer le servir et le faire connaître, accepter de le suivre jusque dans sa
passion, en vivant une solidarité effective avec l’humanité éprouvée, poser des
gestes de communion et être artisans de paix. « À côté de Marie et par son
cœur, tout dans notre vie sera pour Dieu, sa Gloire et la Réparation. »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Entourée de quelques
jeunes femmes de diverses nationalités et aidée par plusieurs <a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=24">jésuites</a>, Émilie commence peu à
peu une expérience de vie religieuse La première communauté officielle est
ouverte à Strasbourg le <a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=25">1er
Mai 1857.</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Émilie prend le nom de « Marie de Jésus ». Parallèlement à cette
fondation, elle continue à s’occuper de l’éducation de ses enfants.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dès les origines, l’unité du groupe se fait autour de l’Eucharistie, vécue dans
sa double dimension d’<a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=26">adoration</a> et
d’<a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=27">annonce de la Parole</a> dans
le souci d’un équilibre entre prière et activité apostolique.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’Institut n’a que deux années d’existence quand Mère Marie de Jésus est
sollicitée pour une <a href="http://www.smr.org/fr/page.php?id=29">fondation
en Inde</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
C’est le début de l’expansion de la Congrégation qui va rapidement s’étendre en
France, en Inde, en Angleterre, en Belgique, à l’île de La Réunion, en Italie,
à l’Ile Maurice, en Irlande et en Espagne. Ce développement rejoint les
aspirations missionnaires de la fondatrice : « Sans crainte ni des
dangers, ni de la souffrance, ni de la fatigue, nous irons partout où la
charité de Jésus-Christ voudra bien nous appeler, et, protégées par Marie notre
Mère… nous traverserons les mers pour redire aux contrées les plus lointaines
le nom de Jésus, sa miséricorde et son amour ». (Lettre du 2 juillet 1862)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mère Marie de Jésus
connaît les joies et les difficultés, les temps de lutte et les moments de
tranquille assurance d’une fondatrice. En 1863, elle obtient du Bx Pie IX
(Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, 1846-1878) une reconnaissance canonique
et un premier encouragement. La maison généralice est établie à Rome en 1865.
Avec l’aide du P. Ginhac, s. j, la Fondatrice poursuit l’élaboration des
Constitutions, qui ne seront approuvées définitivement qu’après sa mort, en
1883 par le pape Léon XIII (Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, 1878-1903).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Infatigable, passionnée, Mère Marie de Jésus fondera encore après Strasbourg et
Paris vingt communautés dans huit pays.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Elle meurt sereinement à Florence, juste avant midi, le 22 Février 1878.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Jean-Paul
II (Karol Józef Wojtyła, 1978-2005) l’a proclamée
Vénérable le 23 décembre 1993 et Bienheureuse le 12 octobre 1997, sur la Place
St Pierre à Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pour un approfondissement
biographique :</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="http://www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsmr.org%2Ffr%2F&ei=pud9VNGNNo_SaOergig&usg=AFQjCNHQGDfxx_D3OSIAkTL-SrEMNWhNkQ&sig2=ZFQEiw-upmFits_1TET-XQ">>>> Sœurs
de Marie Réparatrice </a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://levangileauquotidien.org/FR/display-saint/cde481f2-4575-496d-842f-0a940a81a7fd">https://levangileauquotidien.org/FR/display-saint/cde481f2-4575-496d-842f-0a940a81a7fd</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Emilie_d'Oultremont.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="221" data-original-width="181" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Emilie_d'Oultremont.jpg" width="262" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">La </span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienheureuse" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="Bienheureuse">bienheureuse</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Émilie d'Oultremont de Warfusée</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Émilie d’Oultremont d’Hoogvorst"><b>Blessed
Émilie d’Oultremont d’Hoogvorst</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Émilie d’Oultremont van
der Linden d’Hooghvorst<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Marie of Jesus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mary of Jesus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Maria di Gesù
d’Oultremont<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/22-february">22
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born to the nobility, the
daughter of Count d’Emile Oultremont de Wégimont a de Warfusée, a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-diplomats">diplomat</a> who
represented <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-kings">King</a> Leopold
I to the Vatican. From <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-children">childhood</a> Émilie
had a great devotion to the Eucharist and the Sacred Heart of Jesus; she later
developed a great admiration of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/saint-ignatius-of-loyola">Ignatius
of Loyola</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/matrimony">Married</a> to
Victor van der Linden, Baron d’Hooghvorst in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1837">1837</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-mothers">Mother</a> of
two <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-boys">boys</a> and
two <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-girls">girls</a>.
She sought out <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/jesuits">Jesuits</a> for
spiritual guidance. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-widows">Widowed</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1847">1847</a>.
When her sons entered <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-schools">college</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-france">France</a>,
she decided to move, too.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/8-december">8
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1854">1854</a>,
the day the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/dogma">dogma</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/bvm">Mary</a>‘s <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/feast-of-the-immaculate-conception">Immaculate
Conception</a> was proclaimed, Émilie experienced a profound spiritual
experience and announced she was going into <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-people-in-religious-orders">religious
life</a>. With a small group of young <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-women">women</a>,
she founded the Institutum a Maria Reparatrice (Sisters of Mary
Reparatrix) on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/1-may">1
May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1857">1857</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-strasbourg-france">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-france">France</a>.
On <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/2-may">2
May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1858">1858</a> Emilie
made her vows, taking the name Mary of Jesus. Soon after her daughters
joined the Sisters, which caused even more turmoil in her family; few had
supported her entering <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-people-in-religious-orders">religious
life</a>, and many complained that the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-girls">girls</a> had
followed only for her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a>‘s
sake.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1859">1859</a> Mother
Marie received a request for help from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/jesuits">Jesuit</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-missionaries">missionaries</a> in
Madras, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-india">India</a>.
The Sisters expanded to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-india">India</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1860">1860</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-england">England</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1862">1862</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-belgium">Belgium</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1863">1863</a>,
Mauritius in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1866">1866</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-france">France</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a>,
and then <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1888">1888</a>.
The mother house was relocated from <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-strasbourg-france">Strasbourg</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/11-october">11
October</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1818">1818</a> in
Wegimont near <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-liege-belgium">Liège</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-belgium">Belgium</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/22-february">22
February</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1878">1878</a> at
the home of her son Adrien in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-florence-italy">Florence</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-gravediggers">buried</a> in
the church of Saint Bonaventure in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/23-december">23
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1993">1993</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> (decree of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/heroic-virtues">heroic
virtues</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/12-october">12
October</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-1997">1997</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1878.htm#Hoogvorst" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204415/https:/www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios97.htm#d'hoofhvorst" target="_blank">L’Osservatore Romano</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.smr.org/" target="_blank">Sisters of Mary Reparatrix</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_d%27Oultremont" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%89milie_d%27Oultremont" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beata_Maria_di_Ges%C3%B9" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-di-gesu-d-oultremont.html" target="_blank">Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92541" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_d%27Oultremont" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>nettsteder
i norsk</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/hooghvor" target="_blank">Den
katolske kirke</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Émilie
d’Oultremont d’Hoogvorst“. CatholicSaints.Info. 4 July 2023. Web. 22
February 2024. <https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-emilie-doultremont-dhoogvorst/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BL. EMILIE d'OULTREMONT
d'HOOGHVORST</b> was born on 11 October 1818 in Wegimont, Lieges, into a noble
family with a sound Christian tradition. From childhood the
sacramental life, especially the Eucharist, was of great importance to her, and
she had a special devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and to Mary. In 1837
she married Victor van der Linden, Baron d'Hooghvorst, and they had four
children. She looked to the Jesuit Fathers for spiritual guidance, especially
during the long illness of her husband, who died in 1847. With great fortitude
she lived through this trial and consecrated herself to God with the vow of
chastity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She chose the religious
life despite her family's opposition. In 1885 she was joined by some young
women, but it was not until they were clothed on 1 May 1887, that the
Congregation of Mary Reparatrix was officially founded, in Strasbourg. A year
later they made their first vows. Mother Mary of Jesus rejoiced when her own
two daughters entered the congregation (although she was later to be criticized
for having influenced them). After their deaths, she. devoted herself
tirelessly to her mission. As her spiritual daughters' model and inspiration,
she proposed Mary as mother associated with the person and saving work of her
Son. Her apostolic goal to make known the name of Jesus, his mercy and love,
enabled her to take courageous decisions. In 1859 she responded to a call from
the Jesuit Fathers in Madras. Other foundations followed, in India and in the
islands of Mauritius and La Reunion, and in Europe she opened houses in France,
Belgium, England, Italy, Ireland and Spain. Mother Mary's last years were filled
with suffering: deaths in the family, worries about her sons, difficulties and
separations within the institute and spiritual trials in which she felt
abandoned by God. Her health deteriorated and she died on 22 February 1878 at
the home of her son, Adrien, in Florence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204415/https:/www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios97.htm#d'hoofhvorst">https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204415/https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios97.htm#d'hoofhvorst</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Mary_of_Jesus_d'Oultremont.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="548" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Mary_of_Jesus_d'Oultremont.jpg" width="234" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Portrait of Émilie d'Oultremont d'Hooghvorst (blessed mother Mary of
Jesus, 1818-1878), foundress of the Society of Mary Reparatrix</span></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beata_Maria_di_Ges%C3%B9" title="Beata Maria di Gesù">Beata Maria di Gesù</a>, Religiosa e fondatrice
della <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_di_Maria_Riparatrice" title="Società di Maria Riparatrice">Società di Maria Riparatrice</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beata Maria di Gesù
(Emilia d’Oultremont d’Hooghvorst)</b> Fondatrice<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/22">22 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Wégimont, Liegi (Belgio),
11 ottobre 1818 – Firenze, 22 febbraio 1879<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La beata belga Maria di
Gesù (al secolo Emilia d’ Oultremont d’Hoogvorst), madre di quattro figli,
rimasta vedova, senza venir meno ai suoi doveri materni, si dedicò alla
fondazione ed alla guida della Congregazione delle Suore di Maria Riparatrice
e, aiutata da Dio, superò parecchie sofferenze e si guadagnò la vita eterna.
Giovanni Paolo II la beatificò il 12 ottobre 1997.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Firenze, beata Maria di Gesù (Emilia) d’Oultremont, che in
Belgio, madre di quattro figli, rimasta vedova, senza per nulla trascurare i
suoi doveri materni, si dedicò a fondare e guidare la Congregazione delle Suore
di Maria Riparatrice e, confidando nell’aiuto divino, superate non poche
difficoltà, concluse piamente il suo pellegrinaggio terreno mentre faceva ritorno
in patria.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il 23 dicembre 1993, fu
riconosciuta l’eroicità delle sue virtù e a seguito dell’approvazione, in data
17 dicembre 1996, di un miracolo attribuito alla sua intercessione, la
Venerabile Maria di Gesù d’Oultremont, vedova d’Hooghvorst, è stata proclamata
Beata a Roma il 12 ottobre 1997, da papa Giovanni Paolo II.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Emilia d’Oultremont nacque a Wégimont, Liegi (Belgio) l’11 ottobre 1818, dal
conte Emile d’Oultremont e dalla contessa Marie de Lierneux de Presles;
ricevette una solida formazione umanistica e religiosa, che le diede un
carattere energico, sia sul piano fisico (diventò un’ottima atleta) sia sul
piano morale; la sua risolutezza ed energia, fu uno dei tratti fondamentali
della sua personalità.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La devozione al Sacro Cuore, alla Vergine Maria e soprattutto all’Eucaristia,
si radicarono nel su animo di fanciulla e caratterizzarono da quel momento in
poi, lo sviluppo della sua spiritualità.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Rispettosa della volontà dei genitori, acconsentì di sposare un giovane dotato
di qualità spirituali e religiose, Victor van der Linden, barone d’Hooghvorst;
il matrimonio fu celebrato il 19 ottobre 1837 a Liegi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
I comuni ideali con il marito, fin dall’inizio le permisero di dedicarsi alla
preghiera e alle opere di carità, vivendo con pienezza la vita di giovane
sposa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dalla felice unione, nacquero quattro figli, due ragazze e due ragazzi; che
allevò con amore facendoli crescere in un sereno e gioioso ambiente familiare.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Emilia d’Oultremont trovò nei Padri della Compagnia di Gesù una serie di guide
spirituali, che la compresero e la guidarono nella sua ricerca di perfezione
nell’amore di Dio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Negli anni dal 1839 al 1846, in cui soggiornò lungamente a Roma, Emilia fu
gratificata da particolari esperienze interiori, che la indirizzarono sempre
più ad un amore totale verso Dio; a 24 anni quando aveva già due figli, mentre
stava pregando nella cameretta di s. Ignazio di Loyola, presso la Chiesa del
Gesù a Roma, ebbe la visione del santo fondatore dei Gesuiti, che con le
Costituzioni dell’Ordine in mano, l’assicurò che un giorno avrebbe seguito le
sue Regole.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 10 agosto 1847, colpito dalle febbri malariche, contratte durante una caccia
nelle Paludi Pontine, morì ancora giovane, il marito barone Victor
d’Hooghvorst. Sopportò questa prova con fede e rassegnazione, dedicandosi
completamente ai suoi figli, ai poveri e ammalati e a diverse opere diocesane.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel contempo assisté i genitori sofferenti fino alla morte, sopravvenuta nel
1850 per la mamma e nel 1851 per il padre.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo di ciò volle consacrarsi a Dio con il voto di castità, autorizzata dal suo
padre spirituale; sentendosi sempre più portata verso la vita religiosa; si
trasferì a Parigi con le due figlie, per essere più vicina agli altri due
figli, studenti in un collegio dei Gesuiti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Superando le obiezioni dei parenti, Emilia si orientò apertamente verso la vita
religiosa e l’8 dicembre 1854, durante una lunga e intensa preghiera nella
cappella del castello familiare di Bauffe, le fu rivelato dalla Madonna ciò che
Dio attendeva da lei; la fondazione di una Congregazione votata alla
riparazione degli oltraggi perpetrati contro il S.mo Sacramento.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 1855 Emilia iniziò una prima forma di vita in comune, con alcune giovani
riunite intorno a lei, che volevano anch’esse consacrarsi a Dio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’8 novembre 1855 furono poste le basi della nuova Istituzione e il 21 aveva
inizio, sotto la direzione dei gesuiti padri Petit e Studer, il noviziato delle
postulanti che si erano presentate; lo Studer, Padre Provinciale dei Gesuiti di
Parigi, divenne poi il grande protettore della nuova fondazione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’avvio ufficiale della nuova Famiglia religiosa, ebbe luogo il 1° maggio 1857
a Strasburgo, con il nome di “Istituto di Maria Riparatrice”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Emilia d’Oultremont, dovendosi occupare ancora dell’educazione dei figli, fu
costretta a procrastinare il suo ingresso nel nuovo Istituto, anche se di fatto
lo dirigeva.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Man mano sorsero le nuove Case dopo la prima di Strasburgo, a Liegi e a Maduré
(India) dove nel 1859, Madre Maria di Gesù, come aveva preso a chiamarsi, inviò
sette suore Riparatrici; nel maggio 1860 fece un pellegrinaggio a Loyola, in
devozione a s. Ignazio, “il vero Padre della sua anima”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Elaborò le Costituzioni; espresse in una celebre lettera alle suore, il 2
luglio 1862, lo spirito che doveva animare le religiose, un invito dinamico a
fissare lo sguardo su Maria, per apprendere da lei il cammino tipico di una
Riparatrice.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Desiderava che le sue religiose esprimessero il loro impegno nella Chiesa, con
una presenza di semplicità e di servizio, attraverso la preghiera, l’adorazione
del S.mo Sacramento esposto ogni giorno, gli Esercizi Spirituali di S. Ignazio,
l’istruzione religiosa e altre opere secondo le necessità ed i luoghi;
“restaurare nelle persone, con l’aiuto di Maria, l’immagine di Dio offuscata
dal peccato”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sposatosi i due figli maschi, mentre le due figlie Olimpia e Margherita
l’avevano seguita entrando nell’Istituto delle Riparatrici, madre Maria di Gesù
poté entrare definitivamente nella sua Opera nel 1864; per la scelta delle sue
figlie di farsi suore, fu accusata dai nobili parenti di averle influenzate;
tutto ciò le procurò profonde sofferenze e incomprensioni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma dovette subire anche l’atroce dolore per una madre, di vederle morire
giovani dopo alcuni anni; Margherita morì il 23 gennaio 1867 per la tubercolosi
e Olimpia, la maggiore, si ammalò gravemente, restando per lungo tempo inferma
fino alla morte, avvenuta il 14 dicembre 1872.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Madre Maria di Gesù, dovette affrontare così anche un lungo periodo di
stanchezza spirituale, che la portò talvolta anche alla disperazione; però ne
seppe uscire rimanendo inalterata la sua fede e la devozione, senza trascurare
la direzione dell’Istituzione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Intanto la Famiglia religiosa di ‘Maria Riparatrice’, si diffondeva
abbondantemente con altre Case aperte a Parigi, Tolosa, Londra, Tournai,
nell’Isola di Reunion, Nantes, Bruxelles, Siviglia, Wexford, Le Mans, Liesse,
Pau, Cordova.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 25 marzo 1873, ricevette una nuova temporanea approvazione dell’Istituto, la
definitiva arriverà nel 1883 dopo la sua morte.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Trascorse gli ultimi anni, rasserenata nello spirito, ma vittima di grandi
sofferenze fisiche e morali, sia nel campo familiare sia all’interno della
stessa Istituzione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mentre si trovava di passaggio a Firenze, in casa del figlio Adrien, in attesa
di proseguire per il Belgio, madre Maria di Gesù, morì il 22 febbraio 1879 a 59
anni di età; la sua tomba si trova nella Chiesa di Santa Croce e San Bartolomeo
in via Lucchesi a Roma.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Antonio Borrelli<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92541">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92541</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Maria di Gesù
d’Oultremont<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b> (1818-1878)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">BEATIFICAZIONE:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 12 ottobre 1997<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- Papa Giovanni
Paolo II<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/celebrazioni/beatificazioni/1997/10/12.html"> Celebrazione</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">RICORRENZA:<br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 22 febbraio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Madre di quattro figli,
rimasta vedova, senza per nulla trascurare i suoi doveri materni, si dedicò a
fondare e guidare la Congregazione delle Suore di Maria Riparatrice e,
confidando nell’aiuto divino, superate non poche</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"La voce di Cristo
deve essere la regola della nostra esistenza"</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Émilie d'Oultremont de
Warfusée, in religione Maria di Gesù, nacque a Wégimont (Belgio) il 11
ottobre 1818 dalla nobile famiglia belga dei conti d'Oultremont.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il 19 ottobre
del 1837 sposò Victor van der Linden, barone d'Hooghvorst, da cui
ebbe quattro figli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Visse a Roma fino
alla morte del marito, il quale, contratta la malaria nelle paludi pontine,
morì il 10 agosto 1847.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Divenuta vedova e animata
dal desiderio di partecipare al mistero pasquale, Madre Maria di Gesù fonda
la Società di Maria Riparatrice. Attraverso la sua vita di preghiera, ci
ricorda che è nell'adorazione eucaristica che attingiamo alla sorgente della
vita che è Cristo e troviamo la forza per la missione quotidiana.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Morì a Firenze il 17
dicembre 1878.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-di-gesu-d-oultremont.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-di-gesu-d-oultremont.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Den salige Emilie
d'Oultremont van der Linden d'Hooghvorst (1818-1878)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Minnedag: <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/minnedager/?date=2024-02-22">22.
februar</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Den salige Emilie
d'Oultremont ble født den 11. oktober 1818 i Wegimont nær Liège i Belgia. Hun
var datter av grev Emile d'Oultremont de Wégimont et de Warfusée, en fornem
familie med en sunn kristen tradisjon. Grev d'Oultremont reiste regelmessig til
Italia sammen med familien som ambassadør og kong Leopold Is representant til
Den hellige Stol. Helt fra barndommen var det sakramentale liv, spesielt
eukaristien, av stor betydning for henne, og hun hadde en spesiell hengivenhet
til Jesu og Maris hellige hjerter. Senere beundret hun også den hellige <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/igloyola">Ignatius av Loyola</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I 1837 giftet hun seg med
Viktor van der Linden, baron d'Hooghvorst, og de fikk fire barn, to jenter og
to gutter. De bodde hos Emilies foreldre og fulgte grev d'Oultremont på hans
reiser. Hun søkte til jesuittpatrene for åndelig veiledning, spesielt under
mannens langvarige sykdom. Han døde av sumpfeber i 1847. Med en stor styrke
gjennomlevde hun denne prøvelsen og viet seg til Gud med et kyskhetsløfte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I 1852 ble den franske
jesuitten George Petit hennes åndelige veileder. Hun sendte sønnene til et
fransk kollegium og bestemte seg for å forlate Liège. Biskopen forsøkte å få
henne til å bli, siden hun støttet mange av bispedømmets prosjekter, men
forgjeves. Etter en dyp åndelig erfaring den 8. desember 1854, den dagen dogmet
om Marias uplettede unnfangelse ble proklamert, valgte Emilie ordenslivet til
tross for familiens motstand.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I 1855 fikk hun selskap
av noen unge kvinner, men det var ikke før de ble ikledd drakten den 1. mai
1857 at hennes kongregasjon offisielt ble grunnlagt i Strasbourg, Société
de Marie-Réparatrice, «Selskapet av den hellige Maria Reparatrix» (Institutum
a Maria Reparatrice – MR). Den 2. mai 1858 avla Emilie sine første løfter
sammen med ti ledsagere og tok ordensnavnet Maria av Jesus (Marie de
Jésus).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Moder Maria frydet seg da
hennes egne to døtre trådte inn i kongregasjonen, men senere ble hun kritisert
for å ha påvirket dem. Etter deres død viet hun seg utrettelig til sin misjon.
Som sine åndelige døtres modell og inspirasjon foreslo hun Maria som mor
assosiert med sin Sønns person og frelsesarbeid.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hennes apostoliske mål
var å gjøre kjent navnet Jesus, hans nåde og kjærlighet, og det gjorde henne i
stand til å ta modige beslutninger. I 1859 svarte hun på et kall fra
jesuittpatrene i Madras i India. Andre grunnleggelser fulgte i India (1860) og
på øyene Mauritius (1866) og La Réunion, og i Europa åpnet hun hus i Frankrike,
Belgia (1863), England (1862), Italia, Irland og Spania. Huset i Tournai i Belgia
ble i 1869 novisiatet for engelske aspiranter. I 186f ble generalatet flyttet
fra Strasbourg til Roma. I 1866 åpnet kongregasjonen et hus i Liège. I 1888
åpnet et hus i Jerusalem. I 1901 ble kongregasjonen kastet ut fra Frankrike, og
i denne perioden var de franske søstrene i de belgiske husene. Nye hus ble
grunnlagt i Leuven/Louvain, Namur og Tournai.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Moder Marias siste år var
fylt av lidelse, med dødsfall i familien, bekymring for sine sønner,
vanskeligheter og splittelser i kongregasjonen og åndelige prøvelser hvor hun
følte seg forlatt av Gud. Hennes helse sviktet, og hun døde den 22. februar
1878 i hjemmet til sin sønn Adrien i Firenze i Italia, 59 år gammel. Hennes
jordiske rester hviler i kirken San Bonaventura i Roma.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Den 23. desember 1993 ble
hennes «heroiske dyder» anerkjent og hun fikk tittelen Venerabilis («Ærverdig»).
Den 17. desember 1996 undertegnet pave Johannes Paul II (1978-2005) dekretet
fra Helligkåringskongregasjonen som godkjente et mirakel på hennes forbønn. Hun
ble saligkåret av paven den 12. oktober 1997 på Petersplassen i Roma. Hennes
minnedag er dødsdagen 22. februar, men 11. oktober nevnes også.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/kilder">Kilder</a>: Index99,
EWTN/OR, smr.org, relins.be - Kompilasjon og oversettelse: p. <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/innenriks/peodden">Per Einar Odden</a> -
Sist oppdatert: 2005-07-03 17:11<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/hooghvor">https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/hooghvor</a></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-84532711002432503372024-02-19T04:36:00.000-08:002024-02-19T04:37:17.890-08:00Saint GABIN, prêtre et martyr<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsRkntDhoClV9WEjVXcGEy_apyEFSgHRRw3erSlzEZoehqhn3N9_wJg9x9QerNmrokoAobJT6Rdw4dWWER-ukrnb5bL2Cs17VvEhJsd-BAq0qUhYUUYI2HyCHsrajfZpkmNkltJ_SdvLVEnyZLxWNlSq6drVnkh7XbHPwPYaZSQ7WeGLMGssqT3wNDsj1K" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="370" data-original-width="437" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsRkntDhoClV9WEjVXcGEy_apyEFSgHRRw3erSlzEZoehqhn3N9_wJg9x9QerNmrokoAobJT6Rdw4dWWER-ukrnb5bL2Cs17VvEhJsd-BAq0qUhYUUYI2HyCHsrajfZpkmNkltJ_SdvLVEnyZLxWNlSq6drVnkh7XbHPwPYaZSQ7WeGLMGssqT3wNDsj1K=w320-h271" width="320" /></a> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Gabin de Rome<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Martyr à
Rome (+ 286)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Prêtre et martyr.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Frère du pape <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1017/Saint-Caius.html">saint Caïus</a> et
père de <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/9872/Sainte-Suzanne.html">sainte
Suzanne</a>, il fut longtemps détenu en prison et y mourut pour la foi sous
l'empereur Dioclétien. D'aucuns donnent une autre version. C'était un prêtre
romain qui ne connut pas le martyre, mais qui eut un renom de sainteté parce
qu'il fut enterré dans la basilique de Sainte Suzanne à Rome, honneur qui lui
valut en même temps d'entrer dans le martyrologe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/669/Saint-Gabin-de-Rome.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/669/Saint-Gabin-de-Rome.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Gabin, saint prêtre de
Rome</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il fut martyrisé à Rome
sous la persécution de Dioclétien, après sa fille Suzanne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">par Défendente
Genolini<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">19 février<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eh non ! Il ne s’agit pas
de notre célèbre acteur qui prend parfois des allures de méchant et souvent de
bougon !<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est un saint prêtre de
Rome qui fut ordonné après la mort de sa femme. Frère du pape Caïus, et papa de
Suzanne. Père et fille sont tous les deux jetés en prison. Leur parenté avec
Dioclétien, et sa carrière de haut dignitaire – il était sénateur avant sa
conversion –, ne changent rien à leur sort.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On fait assister Gabin au
martyre de sa fille, qui avait refusé d’épouser le fils de l’empereur. Cela se
passait le 11 août 295. Puis on le renvoie au cachot où il meurt de faim. Son
frère, le pape Caïus, meurt martyr la même année. Il faut dire que Dioclétien
n’aime pas partager son culte, surtout depuis qu’il s’est autoproclamé « dieu
vivant » ! Gabin est enterré avec Caïus et Suzanne dans la maison qu’il
possédait aux Thermes de Dioclétien. Là, aujourd’hui, s’élève l’église
Sainte-Suzanne. Une épitaphe dit : « Jadis heureuse fille du prêtre
Gabinus, ici repose Suzanne, réunie à son père dans la paix. »<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Des reliques de ce saint
sont données par Paul V au XVIIe siècle aux jésuites de Lyon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Étymologie du nom</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
De l’hébreu gabar « force ». Gabinus c’est aussi le nom des habitants
de la ville de Gabies dans le Latium. Ils devaient être des originaux, car
l’expression cinctus gabinus désignait une manière originale de
porter sa toge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Célébrités</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Notre acteur Jean Gabin (+1976) emploie d’ailleurs son second prénom comme nom
de scène.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
De son vrai nom Jean Gabin Alexis Moncorgé, fils de Ferdinand Joseph Gabin
Moncorgé, tenancier de café et comédien d’opérette connu lui aussi sous le nom
de scène de Joseph Gabin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">D’une dizaine de bébés
nommés Gabin en 1980, on en compte 2 624 en 2019.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pensée spirituelle</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
« Conserver un cœur paisible et un visage souriant. » (M. Ratisbonne)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Courte prière</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
« Mon Dieu, je dépose à tes pieds mon fardeau de souffrances, de tristesse, de
renoncements. » (Élisabeth Leseur)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.france-catholique.fr/liste-des-ouvriers-pastoraux-eveques-pretres-religieux-religieuses-et-laics.html">Liste
des ouvriers pastoraux, Evêques, Prêtres, Religieux, Religieuses et Laics tués
en 2011 et 2010</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.france-catholique.fr/vladimir-ghika-le-contexte-politique-avant-la-guerre-de-1914-1918.html">Vladimir
Ghika : le contexte politique avant la guerre de 1914-1918</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.france-catholique.fr/l-europe-et-les-libertes-religieuses-dominique-souchet-denonce-l-impuissance-et.html">L’Europe
et les libertés religieuses : Dominique SOUCHET dénonce l’impuissance et la
lâcheté de l’Union européenne</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.france-catholique.fr/la-france-doit-porter-la-voix-des-chretiens-d-orient.html">La
France doit porter la voix des chrétiens d'Orient</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.france-catholique.fr/quand-le-virtuel-se-rebelle-contre-le-reel-l-irrationnel-detruit-l-humanite.html">Quand
le virtuel se rebelle contre le réel, l’irrationnel détruit l’humanité</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.france-catholique.fr/gabin-martyr.html">https://www.france-catholique.fr/gabin-martyr.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>18 février 2024<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Prêtre et martyr : La vie
de Saint Gabin</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Gabin est une
figure emblématique de la foi chrétienne, dont la vie et le martyre sont
sources d’inspiration pour de nombreux croyants à travers les âges. Né à Rome,
il était le frère du pape saint Caïus et le père de sainte Suzanne, mais c’est
surtout pour son dévouement à sa foi qu’il est aujourd’hui vénéré.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon la tradition, Saint
Gabin a été détenu en prison pendant une période prolongée sous le règne de
l’empereur Dioclétien en raison de sa foi chrétienne. Certains récits suggèrent
même qu’il aurait été martyrisé pour sa croyance. Cependant, d’autres versions de
son histoire existent également.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon une autre
interprétation, Saint Gabin aurait été un prêtre romain vénéré pour sa sainteté
et son dévouement à Dieu, bien qu’il n’ait pas subi de martyre au sens strict
du terme. Sa renommée de sainteté était telle qu’il fut inhumé dans la
basilique de Sainte Suzanne à Rome, un honneur qui lui valut d’être inscrit
dans le martyrologe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://tribunechretienne.com/pretre-et-martyr-la-vie-de-saint-gabin/">https://tribunechretienne.com/pretre-et-martyr-la-vie-de-saint-gabin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Gabinus of Rome"><b>Saint Gabinus of Rome</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gabins<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/19-february">19 February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Member of the imperial
Roman nobility. Brother of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/pope-saint-caius">Caius</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/patrons-of-fathers">Father</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/saint-susanna-of-rome">Susanna</a>.
Relative of the emperor <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/diocletian">Diocletian</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c.<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/time-line-295">295</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/book-of-saints-gabins">Book of
Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/saints-of-the-day-gabinus-of-rome-martyr">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Gabinus of
Rome“. CatholicSaints.Info. 3 June 2022. Web. 19 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gabinus/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-gabins/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – Gabins"><b>Book of Saints – Gabins</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Saint) Martyr (February
19) (3rd century) A Roman Christian, related to the Emperor Diocletian, brother
of Pope Saint Caius and father of the Martyr Saint Susanna. Late in life he was
ordained priest, and died in prison or by the sword A.D. 295 or A.D. 296, about
the same time as his brother the Pope.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate.
“Gabinus”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-gabins/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
19 June 2013. Web. 19 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-gabins/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-gabins/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-gabins/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-gabinus-of-rome-martyr/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Gabinus of Rome, Martyr"><b>Saints of
the Day – Gabinus of Rome, Martyr</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Died c.295. Saint Gabinus
was a Roman Christian, brother of Pope Caius and father of the beautiful Saint
Suzanne. He also seems to have been related to Emperor Diocletian. Gabinus was
ordained a priest and died as a martyr of starvation under Diocletian. His acts
are very untrustworthy (Benedictines, Encyclopedia). Saint Gabinus can be
identified in art as a prisoner with the doors open to the cell (Roeder).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-gabinus-of-rome-martyr/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
3 June 2022. Web. 19 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-gabinus-of-rome-martyr/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-gabinus-of-rome-martyr/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-gabinus-of-rome-martyr/</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-55863847619222747262024-02-18T06:09:00.000-08:002024-02-18T06:15:59.622-08:00Saint ANGILBERT de CENTULE, abbé et confesseur<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Abbatiale_de_Saint-Riquier%2C_Bon_Boulogne%2C_Angilbert_recevant_l'habit_des_mains_de_saint_Symphorien_02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Abbatiale_de_Saint-Riquier%2C_Bon_Boulogne%2C_Angilbert_recevant_l'habit_des_mains_de_saint_Symphorien_02.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Boullogne" style="font-size: 10pt;" title="Bon Boullogne">Bon
Boullogne</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, dit Boullogne l’aîné (1649-1717), </span><i>Angilbert
recevant l'habit des mains de saint Symphorien</i>, Abbatiale de Saint-Riquier<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Angilbert<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Confesseur et
abbé (+ 814)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Conseiller très cultivé
de l'empereur Charlemagne, il était chargé du gouvernement civil de toute la
contrée entre l'Escaut et la Seine. Il revêtit l'habit monastique dans l'abbaye
de Saint Riquier qui connut une grande prospérité sous son abbatiat.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
Au monastère de Centule dans le Ponthieu, en 814, saint Angilbert, abbé. Après
avoir quitté ses charges au palais de Charlemagne et à l'armée, il se retira
dans la vie monastique, avec le consentement de son épouse, qui elle-même prit
le voile des femmes consacrées, et il dirigea avec succès l'abbaye de Centule.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5776/Saint-Angilbert.html#:~:text=Confesseur%20et%20abb%C3%A9%20(%2B%20814),grande%20prosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20sous%20son%20abbatiat">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5776/Saint-Angilbert.html#:~:text=Confesseur%20et%20abb%C3%A9%20(%2B%20814),grande%20prosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20sous%20son%20abbatiat</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/6/6c/S.Angilberto.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="150" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/6/6c/S.Angilberto.jpg" width="185" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Angilberto_di_Centula" title="Sant'Angilberto di Centula">Sant'Angilberto di Centula</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Angilbert of Centula"><b>Saint Angilbert of Centula</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Angilbert of
Saint-Riquier<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Angilberto…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Enghelberto…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Homer…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/18-february">18
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Raised at the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-courtiers">court</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/blessed-charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>,
and became his friend and confidante. Studied under <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/blessed-alcuin">Alcuin</a>.
Nicknamed “Homer” because of his Latin <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-poets">poetry</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/matrimony">Married</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/blessed-charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>‘s
daughter Bertha. With her permission he turned to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-people-in-religious-orders">religious
life</a> when <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/prayer">prayers</a> for
a successful resistance to a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-denmark">Danish</a> invasion
were answered and a storm scattered the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-denmark">Danish</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-mariners">fleet</a>;
Bertha became a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-nuns">nun</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/benedictines">Benedictine</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-monks">monk</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-courtiers">Court</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/chaplain">chaplain</a>,
privy councilor, and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-diplomats">diplomat</a>.
As a reward for his help in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-courtiers">court</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/blessed-charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> gave
Angilbert the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/abbey">abbey</a> of
Saint Riquier in Centula where he served as <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/abbot">abbot</a>.
He established a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-librarians">library</a> at
Centula, and introduced continuous <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/chant">chanting</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/abbey">abbey</a> using
300 <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-monks">monks</a> and
100 <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-boys">boys</a> in
relays. Executor of the emperor’s will.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c.<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/time-line-740">740</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/18-february">18
February</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/time-line-814">814</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/book-of-saints-angilbert">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/catholic-encyclopedia-saint-angilbert">Catholic
Encyclopedia</a>, by Herbert Thurston<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/saints-of-the-day-angilbert-of-centula-abbot">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/saints-of-the-order-of-saint-benedict-saint-angilbert-abbot">Saints
of the Order of Saint Benedict</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Aegedius
Ranbeck, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/benedictines">O.S.B.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Encyclopedia of Barbarian
Europe: Society in Transformation, by Michael Frassetto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1410" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5717" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#Angilbertdied814" target="_blank">Charles Cawley</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Angilbert" target="_blank">Encyclopaedia
Britannica</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/St_Angilbert" target="_blank">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angilbert" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=41490" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angilberto_de_Centula" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Angilberto_di_Centula" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/41490" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Angilb%C3%A8rto+di+Saint-Riquier.html" target="_blank">Sapere</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angilberto_di_Saint-Riquier" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Angilbert of
Centula“. CatholicSaints.Info. 14 February 2023. Web. 17 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-angilbert-of-centula/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – Angilbert"><b>Book of Saints – Angilbert</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ANGILBERT (Saint) Abbot.
(February 18) (9th century) A Frankish nobleman, married to a daughter of
Charlemagne, and a distinguished and successful defender of his country against
the marauding Norsemen. Both he and his wife elected to end their days in
religion. Saint Angilbert died, Abbot of the monastery of Saint Riquier, A.D.
813.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate.
“Angilbert”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/20-july">20 July</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/time-line-2012">2012</a>.
Web. 17 February 2024.
<http://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-angilbert/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/BN_lat._13159%2C_fol._43r.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="499" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/BN_lat._13159%2C_fol._43r.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">A
page from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalter_of_Charlemagne" title="Psalter of Charlemagne">Psalter of Charlemagne</a>, copied between 795
and 800, and probably given by Charlemagne to Angilbert when the king visited
Saint-Riquier for Easter 800 (Michel Huglo, "The Cantatorium, from
Charlemagne to the Fourteenth Century", in Peter Jeffery (ed.), The
Study of Medieval Chant: Paths and Bridges, East and West (Boydell Press,
2001), pp. 89–104, at 89–92).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Angilbert</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01015c.htm">Abbot</a> of
Saint-Riquier, died 18 February, 814. Angilbert seems to have been brought up
at the court of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a>,
where he was the pupil and friend of the great English scholar <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01276a.htm">Alcuin</a>. He was intended
for the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04049b.htm">ecclesiastical
state</a> and must have received <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10332b.htm">minor orders</a> early
in life, but he accompanied the young King Pepin to <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08208a.htm">Italy</a> in 782 in the
capacity of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12426a.htm">primicerius
palatii</a>, a post which implied much secular administration. In the academy
of men of letters which rendered <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne's</a> court
illustrious Angilbert was known as Homer, and portions of his works, still
extant, show that his skill inverse was considerable. He was several times sent
as envoy to the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12260a.htm">pope</a>,
and it is charged against him that he identified himself with the somewhat
heterodox views of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a> in
the controversy on images. In 790 he was named <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01015c.htm">Abbot</a> of Centula,
later known as Saint-Riquier, in Picardy, and by the help of his powerful friends
he not only restored or rebuilt the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a> in a very
sumptuous fashion, but endowed it with a precious <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09227b.htm">library</a> of 200
volumes. In the year 800 he had the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07462a.htm">honour</a> of
receiving <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a> as
his guest. It seems probable that Angilbert at this period (whether he was yet
a <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12406a.htm">priest</a> is <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05141a.htm">doubtful</a>) was leading a
very worldly life. The circumstances are not clear, but modern historians
consider that Angilbert undoubtedly had an intrigue with <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne's</a> unmarried
daughter <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519a.htm">Bertha</a>,
and became by her the father of two children, one of whom was the well-known
chronicler Nithard. This intrigue of Angilbert's, sometimes regarded as a
marriage, has been disputed by some scholars, but is now generally admitted. We
should probably do well to remember that the popular canonizations of that age
were very informal and involved little investigation of past conduct or <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15472a.htm">virtue</a>. It is, however,
stated by Angilbert's twelfth-century biographer that the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01015c.htm">abbot</a> before his
death did bitter penance for this "marriage", and the historian
Nithard, in the same passage in which he claims Angilbert for his <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11478c.htm">father</a>, also declares
that Angilbert's body was found incorrupt some years after his burial.
Angilbert has been claimed as the author of a fragment of an epic poem on <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a> and <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09157b.htm">Leo III</a>, but the
authorship is disputed. On the other hand, Monod believes that he is probably
responsible for certain portions of the famous "Annales Laurisenses."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thurston,
Herbert. "St. Angilbert." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1907. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01490b.htm>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by Michael C. Tinkler.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © 2023 by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/utility/contactus.htm">Kevin Knight</a>.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01490b.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01490b.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANGILBERT, ST.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Carolingian poet and
courtier, abbot; b. c. 750; d. Feb. 18, 814. He was an official in
the court of charlemagne for more than 20 years. He was a figure in the
carolingian renaissance, a student of alcuin in the palace school, the head of
the court chapel, and tutor of the young Pepin. He fathered two sons out of
wedlock, Nithard and Harnid, by Charles's daughter Bertha. Between 792 and 796,
he took part in three embassies to Rome, taking the libri carolini to Adrian I
in 794. He was present at Charlemagne's coronation in 800. In 811, he was one
of the witnesses to Charlemagne's will. In 781, he was appointed lay abbot of
Saint-Riquier (Centula ). Sometime between 796 and 802, he retired to his
abbey to live an austere life. As abbot, he was an able administrator and
builder. He wrote two treatises about his monastic work. He greatly increased
the library holdings and introduced the uninterrupted recital of the Hours,
the laus perennis, for his 300 monks. His poems have no exceptional
literary merit but they do give interesting insight into life at Charlemagne's
court. St. Angilbert's cult began at Saint-Riquier in the twelfth century.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Feast: Feb. 18.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibliography: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Poetae</i> 1:355–381. <i>Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores</i> 15.1:173–190. A<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cta Sanctorum </i>Feb. 3:91–107. Hariulphe, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier</i>, ed.
F. Lot (Paris 1894). S. A. Rabe, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Faith,
Art, and Politics at Saint-Riquier: The Symbolic Vision of Angilbert </i>(Philadelphia
1995). W. Wattenbach, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deutschlands
Geschichtsquellen im Mittelalter</i>, ed. W. Levison and H. Löwe (Weimar 1952–63)
2 235–241. R. Aigrain, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Catholicisme</i> 1:559–560.
A. Butler, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Lives of the Saints</i>,
ed. H. Thurston and D. Attwater (<a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/new-york">New
York</a> 1956) 1:371.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Bibliotheca
sanctorum</i> (Rome 1961–) 1:1249–50. M. Manitius, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Geschichte der lateinische Literatur des
Mittelalters</i> (Munich 1911–31) 1:543–547. P. Richard, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie
ecclésiastiques</i>, ed. A. Baudrillart et al. (Paris 1912) 3:120–123.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[V. Gellhaus]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">New
Catholic Encyclopedia<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/angilbert-st">https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/angilbert-st</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Abbaye-de-Saint-Riquier-DSC_0307.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="538" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Abbaye-de-Saint-Riquier-DSC_0307.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">L'église abbatiale
de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Riquier" title="Saint-Riquier">Saint-Riquier</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_d%27Amiens" title="Diocèse d'Amiens">Diocèse d'Amiens</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardie" title="Picardie">Picardie</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Angilbert</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> February 18</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: 814<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Benedictine <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=22">abbot</a> and
advisor to Charlemagne. He was raised in the court of Emperor Charlemagne, and
studied under the great English scholar, Alcuin. Receiving <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=8009">minor</a> orders,
Angilbert accompanied King Pepin to <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=6217">Italy</a> in
782. Returning to the court, he became known as "Homer" because of
his literary and language skills. He also served as an envoy of the court to
the pope. In 790, Angilbert was named the <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=22">abbot</a> of
Saint-Riquier in Picardy, France. Angilbert either rebuilt or restored
the <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=19">abbey</a> and
endowed it with two hundred books. In the year 800, <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=2830">Charlemagne</a> came
to visit him. Angilbert also fathered two children, having had an affair with
Bertha, Charlemagne's daughter. Angilbert did <a href="https://www.catholic.org/prayers/sacrament.php?id=4">penance</a> for
this relationship, and <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=1811">Bertha</a> entered
a convent. Nithard, a noted historian of the era and Angilbert's son, wrote of
the penance's and austerities undertaken. Angilbert died on February 18, 814.
Some years after his burial, his body was found to be incorrupt.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1410">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1410</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-angilbert-of-centula-abbot/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Angilbert of Centula, Abbot"><b>Saints
of the Day – Angilbert of Centula, Abbot</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Died 814. Nicknamed “Homer”
because of his Latin verses, he was raised at the court of Charlemagne and
studied under Alcuin. He married Charlemagne’s daughter, Bertha (some scholars
believe it was an affair rather than a marriage), but turned to religious life
when prayers for a successful resistance to a Danish invasion were answered
when a storm scattered the Danish fleet.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bertha entered a convent
and he became a monk, excelled as a minister, and filled several important
offices. As a reward Charlemagne gave Angilbert the abbey of Saint Riquier
(Centula) and Angilbert became a model abbot. He established a library at
Centula and also introduced continuous chanting in the abbey, using his three
hundred monks and 100 boys in relays to do so. He was a close friend and
confidante of Charlemagne, was his court chaplain and privy councilor,
undertook several diplomatic missions for the emperor, and was one of the
executors of the emperor’s will (Benedictines, Delaney, Encyclopedia).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-angilbert-of-centula-abbot/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
22 May 2020. Web. 17 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-angilbert-of-centula-abbot/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGy1Ft7fjWs&ab_channel=InstitutduBonPasteur">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGy1Ft7fjWs&ab_channel=InstitutduBonPasteur</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Angilbert, St</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a noble Frank, first
councillor of the Italian King Pepin and of Charlemagne. He is said to have
been married to Bertha, the daughter of Charlemagne, but to have retired in
790, with the consent of his wife, to the convent of Centule (now St. Riquier).
In 794 he became abbot of this convent, and died Feb. 18, 814. He is the author
of a history of the abbey of Centule and of several poetical works, and was
surnamed the Homer of his times. See Acta Sanctorum, Feb. 18;
Ceillier, Auteurs sacres, vol. 18.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/A/angilbert-st.html">https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/A/angilbert-st.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-order-of-saint-benedict-saint-angilbert-abbot/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Order of Saint Benedict – Saint Angilbert, Abbot"><b>Saints
of the Order of Saint Benedict – Saint Angilbert, Abbot</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nature was generous of
her choicest gifts to Saint Angilbert, one of the foremost nobles of his time
in France. Tall and graceful in person, handsome in countenance, and expert in
every manly exercise, he was no less remarkable for the accomplishments of his
mind, which had been trained by careful study. No wonder such gifts won the
favour of King Pepin, who did not rest till he secured for his court so
brilliant an ornament. Angilberts learning and modest disposition obtained for
him the charge of the King’s Chapel. (He had previously taken Minor Orders.)
After he was ordained Priest, Charlemagne, King Pepin’s successor, appointed
him Chaplain-in-chief to the Palace.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As Angilberts early training
had fitted him equally for the duties of war and peace, to him was confided the
defence of the coast of France, then ravaged by the incursions of the Danes.
His vigorous measures were successful in driving off the barbarians. In the
province under his charge was the Monastery of Centula, in Picardy, France,
famous for the relics of Saint Bercharius. Thither the governor made many a
visit, and the peace and holiness that reigned within the monastic precincts
made him doubt whether his present life was the one most conducive to his
salvation. His doubts were soon solved by the Almighty; for the governor, being
seized by a dangerous illness, which all the skill of the physicians failed to
cure, vowed that, if he recovered, he would embrace the monastic life. The Evil
One, however, was determined to place every obstacle in his way. No sooner was
he restored to health than the fierce hordes from the North again swarmed into
the province. How at such a time could he desert the post entrusted to him; how
fulfill his vow? In his difficulty the governor implored the help of Saint
Bercharius, promising, if the Saint would aid him against the Danes, that he
would immediately join the Community at Centula. In the battle that followed,
those of the enemy who escaped the sword of Angilbert were struck by
thunderbolts, hurled against them from every quarter of the heavens, so that
not even one was left to take home the news of their annihilation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Immediately after this
victory Angilbert entered Centula, and by a life of the greatest rigour and
mortification gained such a reputation for sanctity that, when the Abbot,
Symphorianus, died, the monks would have none but him for their head. As soon
as the new Abbot was installed, he turned his attention both to the religious
and material improvement of his house. No relaxation of the Rule of Saint
Benedict was permitted, and one of the most stringent of his regulations was
that there never should be any interruption in singing the praises of God in
choir. To provide a worthy temple for the worship of the Almighty was his next
care. A magnificent church arose, whose arches rested on columns of Parian
marble. The last pillar – and that the most beautifully carved – was being
lifted to its proper position, when, through the carelessness of one of the
workmen, the fastenings gave way, and it was dashed to pieces on the ground.
Saint Angilbert, in despair, sought aid from Heaven. After having fasted for
three days, he spent the third night in prayer in the church. As he prayed, an
angel descended through the dome and restored the pillar to its place so
perfectly, that no trace of its injuries was visible.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Angilbert died A.D.
814. Twenty-eight years after his death his remains were disinterred by his
successor, Gervinus. When the coffin was opened, the Saint’s body was found in
a state of perfect preservation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">– text and illustration
taken from <span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-order-of-saint-benedict-saint-angilbert-abbot/saints-of-the-order-of-saint-benedict-by-father-aegedius-ranbeck">Saints
of the Order of Saint Benedict</a></ins></span> by Father Aegedius
Ranbeck, O.S.B.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-order-of-saint-benedict-saint-angilbert-abbot/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-order-of-saint-benedict-saint-angilbert-abbot/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Angilbert.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="800" height="219" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Angilbert.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2sse" title="Châsse">Châsse</a> de
saint Angilbert à l'<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbatiale_de_Saint-Riquier" title="Abbatiale de Saint-Riquier">abbatiale de Saint-Riquier</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Angilberto di
Centula </b>Abate di Saint-Riquier<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/18">18 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">750 - Saint-Riquier,
Francia, 18 febbraio 814<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fu un importante
personaggio della corte di Carlo Magno. Inizialmente un cortigiano mondano, si
innamorò della figlia dell'imperatore, Berta, e da lei ebbe due figli. Carlo,
pur non approvando la relazione, concesse ad Angilberto l'abbazia di
Saint-Riquier, in commenda. Angilberto, colpito da una grave malattia, fece
voto di abbracciare la vita religiosa se fosse guarito. Guarito, si ritirò a
Saint-Riquier, dove fu eletto abate. Da abate, condusse l'abbazia a una nuova
fioritura, erigendo tre nuove chiese e ottenendo dal papa il rinnovo dei
privilegi dell'abbazia e l'esenzione dalla giurisdizione episcopale di Amiens.
Angilberto fu anche un importante ambasciatore di Carlo Magno presso il papa,
in particolare per la questione dell'iconoclastia. Nel 800, in occasione
dell'incoronazione di Carlo a imperatore, Angilberto fu uno dei quattro
testimoni del testamento dell'imperatore. Angilberto morì a Saint-Riquier il 18
febbraio 814, a soli 64 anni.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: Nel monastero di Centule nel territorio di Amiens in Francia,
sant’Angilberto, abate, che, abbandonati gli incarichi di palazzo e militari,
con il consenso della moglie Berta, che prese lei pure il sacro velo, si ritirò
a vita monastica e resse felicemente il cenobio di Centule.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sant'Angilberto, nato
verso il 750, fu un importante personaggio della corte di Carlo Magno. Educato
alla corte, divenne amico, confidente, consigliere e segretario
dell'imperatore.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 781, quando il piccolo Pipino fu incoronato re d'Italia, Angilberto ne
divenne l'addetto, con il titolo di primicerio di palazzo. In seguito, fu
nominato conte di Ponthieu e abate laico di Saint-Riquier.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nonostante la tonsura, Angilberto condusse una vita dissoluta e si innamorò
della principessa Berta, figlia di Carlo Magno. I due ebbero due figli, Armida
e Nitardo. Carlo Magno, che non era un modello di moralità, non permise ai due
amanti di sposarsi, ma concesse ad Angilberto la commenda dell'abbazia di
Saint-Riquier.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo una grave malattia e una vittoria sui danesi, Angilberto decise di
abbracciare la vita religiosa. Divenne sacerdote e poi abate di Saint-Riquier.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 792, Angilberto condusse a Roma il vescovo di Urgel, Felice, condannato per
eresia. Nel 794, sottopose al giudizio del papa i "Libri Carolingi",
che ribadivano la condanna all'iconoclastia. Nel 796, consegnò al papa parte
dei tesori conquistati dall'esercito franco.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo l'ultima missione a Roma, Angilberto si ritirò nella sua abbazia, dove si
dedicò alla vita religiosa e alla ricostruzione dell'edificio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 800, Angilberto seguì Carlo Magno a Roma per l'incoronazione a imperatore.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Angilberto morì il 18 febbraio 814, ventidue giorni dopo la morte di Carlo
Magno. Fu sepolto davanti alla porta principale della basilica conventuale di
Saint-Riquier.<br />
Nel 1100, papa Pasquale II lo canonizzò.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Franco
Dieghi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sant’Angilberto nacque
verso il 750 da un ignoto signore della corte di Pipino il Breve, re dei
Franchi e proprio a corte fu educato. Qui entrò presto in relazione con il
principe ereditario, il futuro Carlo Magno, del quale divenne amico,
confidente, consigliere e, a quanto pare, anche segretario. Quando nel 781 il
piccolo Pipino, nipote del precedente, di appena quattro anni, fu incoronato a
Roma re d'Italia da Papa Adriano I, Angilberto divenne l’addetto al regale
fanciullo, con il titolo di primicerio di palazzo, nella cui veste egli poteva
esercitare vaste funzioni in campo ecclesiastico e civile. Il santo dovette
avere un ruolo importante nell'educazione del giovane principe, come pure nei
rapporti tra lui ed i sudditi, ma anche tra lui e l’imperatore suo padre, e nel
787 si stabilì a corte. Incaricato poi di governare la regione inclusa tra la
Schelda, la Senna ed il mare, fissò la sua dimora nel castello di Centula,
nella Piccardia, non distante dall’abbazia fondata nel 625 da Saint Riquier, e
continuò a mantenersi in corrispondenza con l’Accademia Palatina, eretta per
volere di Carlo Magno dal benedettino inglese Alcuino, della quale fece parte
con il nome di Omero e la illustrò con le sue poesie di sapore retorico.
Angilberto fu amico di San Guglielmo d’Aquitania, San Benedetto d’Aniane e
Sant’Adalardo. Egli corrispose in prosa ed in poesia anche con i sapienti del
tempo, tra cui il suo professore di grammatica, Pietro da Pisa, e Teodulfo,
vescovo di Orléans, teologo e poeta, uno dei principali esponenti della
rinascita carolingia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La vita di Angilberto, benché egli avesse ricevuto la tonsura, non era molto
dissimile da quella degli altri cortigiani quanto a vizi e mondanità. Alcuino
stesso ne rimase scandalizzato e non mancò di fargli le sue rimostranze. Angilberto
però, anziché rinsavire, si innamorò della principessa Berta, figlia di Carlo
Magno, dalla cui unione nacquero due figli, Armida e Nitardo, quest’ultimo
storico ed abate di Saint-Riquier. Il sovrano, che quanto a moralità egli per
primo non dava un grande esempio, non permise ai due amanti di sposarsi, ma in
premio dei servizi che lo pseudogenerogli aveva reso nel campo amministrativo,
gli concesse in commenda l’abbazia di Saint-Riquier. La nuova carica moltiplicò
i suoi introiti, senza comunque interferire nella sua vita secolare. Con il
tempo iniziò a nutrire una profonda venerazione verso San Richiero,
dispensatore di potenti miracoli verso i devoti che accorrevano a venerarlo, e
colpito da una grave malattia, pensò dunque di fare egli stesso un voto: se
fosse guarito avrebbe intrapreso la vita religiosa nell’abbazia di cui egli
stesso era già abate commendatario. La sua preghiera fu esaudita, ma non appena
si ristabilì in forze fu impegnato nel difendere le sue terre dalle invasioni
dei danesi. La grande vittoria che riportò su di loro, che attribuì nuovamente
all’intercessione del santo, lo convinse a soddisfare il voto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A Saint-Riquier-sur-Somme Angilberto divenne sacerdote ed edificò tutti i
confratelli con la sua umiltà e l’esercizio della penitenza. Alla morte
dell’abate Sinforiano, i monaci all’unanimità lo elessero abate, con la piena
approvazione di Carlo Magno, anche se questi temendo che Angilberto potesse
seppellire i suoi talenti nell'oscurità e nella solitudine del monastero, lo
nominò suo arcicappellano e lo mandò tre volte a Roma dal papa in veste di suo
ambasciatore. Nel 792 Angilberto condusse da papa Adriano I il vescovo di
Urgel, Felice, condannato dal Concilio di Ratisbona perché, considerando che
l’umanità assunta dal Verbo rende Gesù Cristo simile in tutto a noi, riduceva
meramente ad un legame di adozione la paternità di Dio Padre nei confronti del
Figlio. Nel 794 il sovrano si servì nuovamente di Angilberto per sottoporre al
giudizio del pontefice i “Libri Carolingi”, ribadendo la condanna inflitta dal
secondo concilio di Nicea nel 787 all’iconoclastia. Il nuovo papa, San Leone
III, subito dopo l’elezione incaricò dei legati di portare a Carlo Magno le
chiavi della confessione di San Pietro e lo stendardo della città di Roma, per
testimoniargli come continuasse a considerarlo protettore della Chiesa e
patrizio dei romani. Allo stesso tempo lo pregò di inviargli qualche suo
cortigiano perché ricevesse in suo nome il giuramento di fedeltà e di
sottomissione del popolo romano. Nel 796 Carlo inviò per una delicata missione
ancora una volta Angilberto, che consegnò al papa buona parte dei tesori appena
conquistati dall’esercito franco del duca friulano Errico, utili per restaurare
ed abbellire le basiliche di Roma e il palazzo del Laterano, allora residenza
pontificia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Anche ad Angilberto spettò parte di quel tesoro ed egli se ne servì per
ampliare ed arricchire la sua abbazia, nonché per dotarla di una biblioteca.
Dopo l’ultima missione il santo si distaccò drasticamente dalla corte e dal
mondo onde dedicarsi alla vita interiore, ristabilire innanzitutto con il suo
esempio l’osservanza rigolosa della regola e curare la solennità delle
celebrazioni liturgiche. Non a torto Angilberto fu considerato secondo
fondatore di Saint-Riquier, poiché sotto il suo governo l’abbazia conobbe una
nuova fioritura. Curò l’erezione di tre nuove chiese, che dedicò
rispettivamente al Salvatore, a San Benedetto ed ai santi del suo ordine, e per
l’occasione fece pervenire preziose reliquie da Roma, da Costantinopoli, da
Gerusalemme e da altri santuari europei. Nell’800 il futuro imperatore Carlo
Magno si recò con Alcuino a celebrare la Pasqua a Saint-Riquier ed il medesimo
anno Angilberto seguì il sovrano a Roma per una difficile missione in difesa
del papa: in riconoscimento all’aiuto ricevuto, la notte di Natale Leone III
incoronò il re franco dando così origine al Sacro Romano Impero d’Occidente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Angilberto approfittò dell’occasione per ottenere dal papa il rinnovo dei
privilegi dell’abbazia e l’esenzione dalla giurisdizione episcopale di Amiens
per tutti i suoi domini. Il santo abate costituì tre cori, composti da trecento
religiosi e cento fanciulli, che cantassero perennemente l’ufficio divino nelle
tre chiese per la salute di Carlo e la prosperità del suo regno. Prova
tangibile dell’importanza che Angilberto rivestì al tempo di Carlo Magno è la
presenza del suo nome fra i quattro firmatari del testamento dell’imperatore
che avrebbero dovuto vigilare sull’esecuzione delle sue ultime volontà. Carlo
morì il 28 gennaio 814, ma Angilberto non gli sopravvisse che ventidue giorni:
consumato dai digiuni e dalle penitenze, spirò infatti a Saint-Riquier il 18
febbraio seguente e manifestò il desiderio di essere sepolto davanti alla porta
principale della basilica conventuale, per essere calpestato da quanti si
sarebbero recati nel tempio a pregare. La fama di santità che lo circondava
spinse i monaci ad attivarsi per la sua canonizzazione, ma solo dopo tante
peripezie nel 1100 papa Pasquale II poté esaudire la loro richiesta.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Fabio Arduino<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/41490">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/41490</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Angilbèrto di
Saint-Riquier</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Poeta della corte
carolingia (ca. 745-814). Abate di Saint-Riquier (790) e ministro di <a href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Carlo+Magno+o+Carlomagno.html">Carlo
Magno</a>, fu da lui inviato più volte come ambasciatore a Roma e lo accompagnò
all'incoronazione. Discepolo di <a href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Alcuino+di+York.html">Alcuino</a> e
di Paolino d'Aquileia, fu chiamato l'“Omero di Aquisgrana”. Gli è stato
attribuito il frammento epico Karolus Magnus et Leo papa. È venerato
come santo (festa il 18 febbraio).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Angilb%C3%A8rto+di+Saint-Riquier.html">https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Angilb%C3%A8rto+di+Saint-Riquier.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.persee.fr/authority/194391" title="Informations sur cette personne">Molinier Auguste</a>.« Angilbert, abbé
de Saint-Riquier, <i>Carmen de Karolo
magno</i> ». <a href="https://www.persee.fr/collection/shf">Collections
numériques de la Sorbonne</a> Année 1901 <a href="https://www.persee.fr/issue/shf_0000-0000_1901_num_1_1?sectionId=shf_0000-0000_1901_num_1_1_1538_t1_0201_0000_2">1</a> pp.
201-202 : <a href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/shf_0000-0000_1901_num_1_1_1538_t1_0201_0000_2#:~:text=Angilbert%2C%20abb%C3%A9%20de%20Saint%2DRiquier%2C%20familier%20de%20Charlemagne%20(%2B,%2C%20I%2C%20355%2D381">https://www.persee.fr/doc/shf_0000-0000_1901_num_1_1_1538_t1_0201_0000_2#:~:text=Angilbert%2C%20abb%C3%A9%20de%20Saint%2DRiquier%2C%20familier%20de%20Charlemagne%20(%2B,%2C%20I%2C%20355%2D381</a>.</span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-42212139759819984172024-02-17T06:35:00.000-08:002024-02-17T06:44:00.784-08:00Bienheureuse ASCENSIÓN DE SAN JOSÉ (ISABEL SÁNCHEZ ROMERO) vierge moniale dominicaine et martyre<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXoEreCa-VwO6kgTWS-MXO5drPX0KK6Alb4RRqbBkY5YngKXDTCn4Rfq4cyIuIeqCF8xijIFAt7Hae-cBMLX_4DGLtsg0ulyWlZsENU0YyjTvfglqxsDezntLOFRXFR9S6JbYL66SEwYxG9aRDEzyxmOsDKcmmHiUTSDitwKgQSjGcuPUt7ZvjnjOv2UAy" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="212" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXoEreCa-VwO6kgTWS-MXO5drPX0KK6Alb4RRqbBkY5YngKXDTCn4Rfq4cyIuIeqCF8xijIFAt7Hae-cBMLX_4DGLtsg0ulyWlZsENU0YyjTvfglqxsDezntLOFRXFR9S6JbYL66SEwYxG9aRDEzyxmOsDKcmmHiUTSDitwKgQSjGcuPUt7ZvjnjOv2UAy" width="183" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Isabel
Sánchez Romero<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Martyre de la guerre en
Espagne (+ 1937)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- <a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/archivio-del-dicastero-cause-santi/promulgazione-decreti/decreti-pubblicati-nel-2019.html" target="_blank">décret du 11 décembre 2019</a>, en italien, reconnaissance du
martyre de la Servante de Dieu Isabella Sánchez Romero (en religion: Ascensión
de San José), moniale dominicaine.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/vatican/news/2019-12/decrets-causes-beatifications-canonisations.html" target="_blank">Décrets de la Congrégation pour les Causes des saints</a>,
Vatican News du 12 décembre 2019.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Isabella Sánchez Romero (en religion: Ascensión de San José), moniale
dominicaine, tuée en haine de la foi durant la guerre d’Espagne, le 17 février
1937 à Huéscar.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Née le 9 mai 1861 à Huéscar et morte le 16 février 1937.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Religieuse entrée à l'âge de 17 ans au monastère des Sœurs Dominicaines elle
a pris le nom d'Ascension de San José.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sœur Isabel Sánchez Romero, 76 ans, a été assassinée par haine de la foi
pendant la guerre civile espagnole (1936-1939). Les miliciens ont voulu la
forcer à blasphémer, mais elle a refusé et a été tuée à coups de pierre.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
-- <a href="http://historia.op.org/index.php?Itemid=125&lang=fr" target="_blank">Sources et ressources de l'ordre des prêcheurs</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13419/Bienheureuse-Isabel-S%C3%A1nchez-Romero.html#:~:text=12%20d%C3%A9cembre%202019.-,Isabella%20S%C3%A1nchez%20Romero%20(en%20religion%3A%20Ascensi%C3%B3n%20de%20San%20Jos%C3%A9),morte%20le%2016%20f%C3%A9vrier%201937">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13419/Bienheureuse-Isabel-S%C3%A1nchez-Romero.html#:~:text=12%20d%C3%A9cembre%202019.-,Isabella%20S%C3%A1nchez%20Romero%20(en%20religion%3A%20Ascensi%C3%B3n%20de%20San%20Jos%C3%A9),morte%20le%2016%20f%C3%A9vrier%201937</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.diocesisdeguadix.es/media/k2/items/cache/031e09cfcd78d1faf395a193bf6e0588_XL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="800" height="169" src="https://www.diocesisdeguadix.es/media/k2/items/cache/031e09cfcd78d1faf395a193bf6e0588_XL.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Isabel Sánchez Romero"><b>Blessed Isabel Sánchez
Romero</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/17-february">17
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sister Asunción of Saint
Joseph<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sister Ascensión de San
José<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Isabella…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Isabella joined the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/dominicans">Dominicans</a> at
age 17, taking the name Sister Ascensión de San José; she was known as an
obedient, silent, hardworking and humble <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-nuns">sister</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-prisoners">Imprisoned</a> and
abused by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/anti-">anti</a>–<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/christianity">Catholic</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/martyred-by-communists">Communist</a> forces
in the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/martyred-in-the-spanish-civil-war">Spanish
Civil War</a>, she was ordered to renounce her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/christianity">faith</a> and
blaspheme; her captors apparently thought it would be funny to see a 76 year
old <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-nuns">nun</a> do
so. She refused. She was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">murdered</a> with
a group of fellow <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/christianity">Christians</a>,
including her nephew Florencio. She was the last one <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">killed</a>,
she never stopped <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/prayer">praying</a> during
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">massacre</a>,
and her captors decided not to simply shoot her like the others, but to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/died-by-beating">beat</a> her
to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">death</a> with
a rock. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/9-may">9 May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/time-line-1861">1861</a> in
Huéscar, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-granada-spain">Granada</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">skull <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/died-by-beating">smashed</a> with
a rock on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/17-february">17
February</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/time-line-1937">1937</a> at
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-cemetery-workers">cemetery</a> in
Huéscar, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-granada-spain">Granada</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/11-december">11
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/time-line-2019">2019</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/pope-francis">Francis</a> (decree
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/patrons-of-martyrs">martyrdom</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/MSPC35.htm#Sanchez_Romero_I" target="_blank">Hagiography Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/12/12/191212a.html" target="_blank">Holy See Press Office</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>video</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX_7hajHKCbze4RGK2E_UF35" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.infocatolica.com/?t=noticia&cod=36498" target="_blank">InfoCatolica</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
en français</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13419/Bienheureuse-Isabel-Sanchez-Romero.html" target="_blank">La fête des prénoms</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/vatican/news/2019-12/decrets-causes-beatifications-canonisations.html" target="_blank">Vatican News</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/98333" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Isabel Sánchez
Romero“. CatholicSaints.Info. 17 February 2023. Web. 17 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-isabel-sanchez-romero/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">27 Dominican martyrs of
Spanish Civil War to be beatified in June<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By <a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/author/603/aci-prensa">ACI Prensa</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Seville, Spain, Mar 9,
2022 / 16:19 pm<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On June 18 the Seville
Cathedral will host the beatification of 27 Dominican martyrs of the Spanish
Civil War.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Although the
beatification was approved by Pope Francis in December 2019, due to the
coronavirus pandemic it had to be postponed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Spanish Civil War was
fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Nationalist forces, led by Francisco
Franco, and the Republican faction. During the war, Republicans martyred
thousands of clerics, religious, and laity; of these, 11 have been canonized,
and more than 2,000 beatified.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The 27 martyrs are in
three groups: Angelo Marina Álvarez and 19 companions; Giovanni Aguilar Donis
and five companions; and Isabel Sánchez Romero.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/angelo-marina-alvarez-e-19-compagni.html">Angelo
Marina Álvarez and his companions</a> were friars from Assumption convent
in Almagro who were expelled from the convent and held in a house. They were
martyred in Almagro and in nearby towns between July and August 1936. Their
remains will be transferred to Seville, where they will be venerated in Saint
Thomas church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/giovanni-aguilar-donis-e-soci.html">Giovanni
Aguilar Donis and his companions</a> were Dominican martyrs of Almeria in
1936. One of them, Fructuoso Pérez Márquez, was a layman and Dominican tertiary
who was a journalist.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/isabel-sanchez-romero.html">Isabel
Sánchez Romero</a>, known in religion as Sister Ascensión de San José of the
Mother of God monastery in Huéscar, was martyred Feb. 16, 1937, at the age of
76.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Order of Preachers
currently has around 300 beatified members, to whom these 27 martyrs will be
added and who, according to a statement, "are a model of life for
Catholics, signs of love, forgiveness and peace.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Among those present at
the beatification will be Cardinal Marcello Semeraro, Prefect of the
Congregation for the Causes of Saints; Archbishop José Ángel Saiz Meneses of
Seville; and Fr. Gerard Timoner, OP, Master General of the Order of Preachers.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/250625/27-dominican-martyrs-of-spanish-civil-war-to-be-beatified-in-june">https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/250625/27-dominican-martyrs-of-spanish-civil-war-to-be-beatified-in-june</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beata Ascensione di
San Giusepppe (Isabella Sánchez Romero) </b>Vergine domenicana, martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/17">17 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93991">>>> Visualizza la
Scheda del Gruppo cui appartiene</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Huéscar, Spagna, 9 maggio
1861 - 17 febbraio 1937<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nata nel 1860 a Granada,
Isabel era entrata a 17 anni nel convento delle Domenicane e aveva adottato il
nome di Ascensione di San Giuseppe. Descritta da Vatican News come obbediente,
silenziosa, lavoratrice e umile, non si lamentava neanche delle ferite che le
coprivano il corpo a seguito di una rara malattia. Nel contesto della
sanguinosa persecuzione religiosa perpetrata in Spagna durante la Guerra
Civile, Isabel venne arrestata nel febbraio 1937, e nonostante l’età avanzata
venne gettata in prigione dai miliziani repubblicani socialisti, che volevano
che fosse blasfema. La religiosa venne portata con altri detenuti per essere
fucilata in un cimitero. I miliziani non esitarono a gettarla brutalmente nella
camionetta su cui non era riuscita a salire da sola a causa dell’età. Al
cimitero la suora venne obbligata ad assistere all’assassinio dei suoi compagni
di martirio, tra i quali il nipote Florencio. Non smise mai di pregare. Quando
giunse il suo momento, non venne fucilata. I miliziani preferirono metterle una
pietra sulla testa e colpirla con un’altra, rompendole il cranio. Papa
Francesco ha riconosciuto il suo martirio in odio alla fede l'11 dicembre 2019.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Isabel Aguilar Donis
nacque il 9 maggio 1861 a Huéscar e fu battezzata il 12 dello stesso mese,
nella chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Maria Maggiore della sua città, allora
appartenente alla diocesi di Toledo e alla provincia di Granada. Sei mesi dopo,
l’11 novembre 1861, ricevette la Cresima nella chiesa parrocchiale di Santa
Maria a Orce.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
I suoi genitori si chiamavano Andrés e Josefa e possedevano una casa di
campagna o “cortijo”, tra le città di Huéscar e Orce, presso Granada. Erano
contadini benestanti, buoni cristiani, e davano ai loro otto figli, tre maschi
e cinque femmine, dei quali Isabel era la penultima in assoluto, un'educazione
attenta, soprattutto religiosa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel maggio 1884, a ventitrè anni, iniziò il noviziato nel convento domenicano
di Huéscar intorno al maggio 1884. A partire dalla vestizione religiosa aggiunse
al secondo nome di Battesimo, Ascensión, l’appellativo religioso “di San
Giuseppe”; per brevità, era chiamata “suor San Giuseppe”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Era “religiosa di obbedienza”, ossia non seguiva la recita comunitaria
dell’Ufficio Divino perché impegnata in vari servizi. Professò i voti
all’inizio dell’ottobre 1885. Secondo la testimonianza della consorella suor
Concezione Martínez Navas, era disponibile verso tutti, amichevole, paziente,
equilibrata.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le piaceva stare con le consorelle giovani, che non si stancavano mai della sua
presenza; anzi, se non c’era, si sentiva la sua mancanza. La sua vita si
svolgeva in un'atmosfera di semplicità infantile e d’innocenza che incantava
tutti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Suor San Giuseppe traeva la propria forza vivendo costantemente alla presenza
di Dio, specialmente attraverso l’adorazione del Santissimo Sacramento e la
recita del Rosario, che compiva con grande rispetto. Per molti anni ebbe il
compito di addetta alla ruota, grazie alla sua prudenza e alla capacità di
mantenere il silenzio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Se era colta dagli scrupoli, manifestava totale obbedienza alle indicazioni
della superiora e ritrovava la pace. Affetta da una grave malattia, che le
causò piaghe dalla testa ai piedi, la sopportò con pazienza e talvolta con
gioia, nascondendo le proprie sofferenze. Infine, conservava nel proprio cuore
quello che sentiva nei discorsi o che leggeva.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 4 agosto 1936, a pochi mesi dallo scoppio della guerra civile spagnola, le
monache dovettero lasciare il convento della Madre di Dio, che venne
saccheggiato. Trovarono rifugio presso parenti e benefattori: fu lo stesso per
suor San Giuseppe, ospitata dalla nipote Ascensión Reche, moglie di Alfredo
Motos, nella stessa città di Huéscar. La sua priora continuò a interessarsi a
lei.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A Huéscar, la persecuzione si intensificò all’inizio del febbraio 1937. Suor
San Giuseppe, alle prime notizie, aveva avuto paura, perché non si sentiva
sicura di sé; intensificò allora la propria preghiera. I familiari erano anche
loro preoccupati, perché sapevano che si sarebbe scoperto presto che non era
un’anziana laica.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In effetti, fu arrestata il 16 febbraio, in casa dei suoi ospiti, per la sola
colpa di avere al collo un crocifisso. Imprigionata nelle cantine del
municipio, fu obbligata a bestemmiare, ma rispose con brevi giaculatorie. I
carcerieri la picchiarono duramente, lasciandola a terra, riversa nel proprio
sangue.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il giorno dopo le ordinarono di alzarsi, ma, vedendo che non ne aveva la forza,
la caricarono su di un camion, dov’erano altri prigionieri. Arrivati alle porte
del cimitero di Huéscar, fucilarono per primi i prigionieri, tra i quali era
compreso Florencio, nipote della monaca, quindi si rivolsero a lei.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Di nuovo le ordinarono di bestemmiare, ricevendo un nuovo diniego. A quel
punto, spinsero la sua testa contro una pietra, mentre con un’altra pietra
gliela fracassarono. Intanto lei esclamava: «Viva Cristo Re!». Erano le prime
ore del 17 febbraio 1937; suor San Giuseppe stava per compiere settantasei
anni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A fronte della perdurante fama di martirio che l’aveva circondata, fu aperta la
sua causa di beatificazione e canonizzazione. Presso la diocesi di Guadix fu
celebrata l’inchiesta diocesana, dal 5 dicembre 1995 al 18 marzo 1997, i cui
atti furono convalidati il 19 febbraio 1999.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La “Positio super martyrio”, fu sottoposta il 10 giugno 2014 al giudizio dei
Consultori Storici. Seguì la discussione sul martirio: il 23 ottobre 2018 il
Congresso dei Consultori Teologi espresse parere favorevole, confermato, il 10
dicembre 2019, dalla Sessione Ordinaria dei Cardinali e Vescovi membri della
Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’11 dicembre 2019, ricevendo in udienza il cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu,
Prefetto della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, papa Francesco autorizzò la
promulgazione del decreto sul martirio di suor San Giuseppe.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fu beatificata il 18 giugno 2022 nella cattedrale di Siviglia, nella Messa
presieduta dal cardinal Marcello Semeraro, Prefetto del Dicastero delle Cause
dei Santi, come inviato del Santo Padre. Nella stessa celebrazione vennero
elevati agli onori degli altari venti Domenicani di Almagro e cinque Domenicani
di Almería, nella cui causa era compreso un Terziario domenicano.<br />
<br />
Autore: Emilia Flocchini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/98333">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/98333</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Isabel Sánchez Romero<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>(1861-1937)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">BEATIFICAZIONE:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- 18 giugno 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- Papa Francesco<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/celebrazioni/beatificazioni/2022/06/18.html"> Celebrazione</a><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/dicastero-delle-cause-dei-santi/prefetto-dicastero-cause-santi/omelie-del-prefetto/omelia-nella-beatificazione-di-un-gruppo-di-martiri-domenicani-s.html" target="_blank"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/dicastero-delle-cause-dei-santi/prefetto-dicastero-cause-santi/omelie-del-prefetto/omelia-nella-beatificazione-di-un-gruppo-di-martiri-domenicani-s.html" target="_blank">Omelia nella beatificazione<o:p></o:p></a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/angelus/2022/documents/20220619-angelus.html" target="_blank">Le parole del Santo Padre<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4yyk-rctyE" target="_blank">Video della
beatificazione<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.dominicos.org/beatificaciones-2022/biografias/" target="_blank">Biografia su dominicos.org<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2022-06/beatificazione-spagna-guerra-civile-martiri-semeraro.html" target="_blank">Vatican News sulla beatificazione<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Religiosa, monaca
professa dell’Ordine di San Domenico, uccisa a 76 anni il 16 febbraio 1937 per
essersi rifiutata di bestemmiare, martire, vittima della persecuzione contro i
cattolici durante la guerra civile spagnola<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Le sue ultime parole furono: “Viva Cristo re!”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Isabel
Sánchez Romero nacque a Huéscar presso Granada, in Spagna, il 9 maggio
1861. Quattro giorni dopo fu recata al fonte battesimale e l’11 novembre dello
stesso anno ricevette il sacramento della confermazione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Penultima
di otto figli, visse l’infanzia e l’adolescenza nella sua famiglia, di
condizioni economiche piuttosto modesta, e ricevette una buona educazione umana
e cristiana. In età giovanile entrò nel convento domenicano «La Consolación» di
Huéscar e il 2 ottobre 1885 emise la professione dei voti.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Visse
la consacrazione religiosa con spirito di pietà, di servizio e di comunione.
Era una donna di carattere modesto, ma alquanto scrupoloso. Tuttavia,
profondamente e serenamente radicata nella fede, visse in sincera comunione con
il Signore, nella linea della spiritualità domenicana, Pervenne, così, ad una
maturità spirituale, che si esprimeva in una intensa preghiera al Santissimo
Sacramento, unita a grande umiltà e generosità nel servizio. Completamente
dimentica di se stessa, Suor Ascensión de San José con assoluta semplicità tutto
orientava alla maggior gloria di Dio e alla salvezza dei fratelli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> All’inizio
della guerra civile, le monache decisero di lasciare il loro convento e
rifugiarsi presso le case di persone amiche. La Serva di Dio fu accolta da suoi
parenti nella stessa città di Huéscar; ma, dopo pochi giorni, i miliziani, le
cui fila erano andate infoltendosi, la sera del 16 febbraio 1937 irruppero in
casa. La Serva di Dio subì una serie di maltrattamenti brutali da parte dei
persecutori, senza alcuna considerazione dell’età, quasi 76 anni, e
dell’infermità che l’aveva accompagnata per tutta la vita.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Al
mattino del 17 febbraio 1937 fu uccisa a Huéscar. I carnefici manifestarono
verso la Serva di Dio una particolare ferocia, imponendole di assistere alle
torture inflitte agli altri detenuti e torturandola prima di ucciderla, perché
si rifiutava di bestemmiare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Ella
accettò il martirio e visse quei momenti con fiducia nella Provvidenza,
perseverando sino alla fine. Le sue ultime parole furono: “Viva Cristo re!”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/isabel-sanchez-romero.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/isabel-sanchez-romero.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Il pensiero del Papa ai
27 martiri spagnoli beatificati a Siviglia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">All'Angelus, la preghiera
di Francesco per i nuovi Beati. Sabato, a Siviglia, la Messa presieduta dal
cardinale prefetto delle Cause dei Santi: quella del cristiano nel mondo non è
mai una situazione comoda e facile, guardiamo alla vita dei martiri domenicani
perché la speranza si fa più solida quanto più dure sono le prove da sopportare
per amore di Dio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Benedetta Capelli – Città
del Vaticano<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alla preghiera mariana di
domenica 19 giugno, dalla finestra di Piazza San PIetro, il Papa ha ricordato
che pur nella crudeltà che segnò la guerra civile spagnola non mancarono esempi
di fede luminosa come quella dei 27 nuovi martiri che la Chiesa ha
beatificato ieri a Siviglia. Francesco ha citato i loro nomi all'inizio del
post Angelus: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ieri, a Siviglia, sono
stati beatificati alcuni religiosi della famiglia Domenicana: Angelo Marina
Alvarez e diciannove compagni; Giovanni Aguilar Donis e quattro compagni,
dell'Ordine dei Frati Predicatori; Isabella Sanchez Romero, anziana monaca
dell'Ordine di San Domenico, e Fruttuoso Perez Marquez, laico terziario
domenicano. Tutti uccisi in odio alla fede nella persecuzione religiosa che si
verificò in Spagna nel contesto della guerra civile del secolo scorso. La loro
testimonianza di adesione a Cristo e il perdono per i loro uccisori ci mostrano
la via della santità e ci incoraggiano a fare della vita un'offerta d'amore a
Dio e ai fratelli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ha concluso chiedendo un
applauso per i nuovi Beati.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Messa celebrata dal
Prefetto Semeraro a Siviglia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nella Messa celebrata
nella cattedrale di Siviglia dal cardinale Marcello Semeraro, prefetto del
Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi, sono state ricordate le figure di Angelo
Marina Alvarez e 19 compagni, dell’Ordine dei Frati Predicatori; Giovanni
Aguilar Donis e 4 Compagni, dell’Ordine dei Frati Predicatori; Fruttuoso Pérez
Marquez, laico del Terz'Ordine di San Domenico; Isabella Sanchez Romero, monaca
professa dell'Ordine delle Suore Domenicane, uccisi in odio alla fede. “Una
moltitudine che ha lavato le proprie vesti nel sangue dell’Agnello”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I nostri nuovi Beati
furono persone umanamente molto diverse per il loro carattere, le loro storie
personali. Li accomunava, però, il carisma di san Domenico: una scelta
vocazionale, la loro, vissuta con fedeltà, coerenza, generosità.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Il candore</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tra le figure che il
cardinale Semeraro mette in luce c’è Suor Ascensiòn de San José. “A lei fu
chiesto di bestemmiare e calpestare il crocifisso: si rifiutò - afferma il
porporato - e le fu spaccato il cranio. Non rinnegò la fede; anzi, morì
osannando a Cristo Re e lodando il Santissimo Sacramento. Sapeva bene, Suor
Ascensiòn, che il sangue dell'Agnello conferisce candore perché è il sangue
‘sparso per molti in remissione dei peccati’”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Testimoni del Vangelo</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Citando l’<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19751208_evangelii-nuntiandi.html" target="_blank">Evangelii nuntiandi</a> di San Paolo VI, il prefetto del
Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi si sofferma sulla “proclamazione silenziosa ma
molto forte ed efficace della Buona Novella”. Una definizione che ben si adegua
a quella dei nuovi beati.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Siamo anche consapevoli,
però, che il Signore non ci manda in una situazione comoda e facile! Ce lo
ricordano i nostri Martiri. Quella del cristiano nel mondo non è mai una
situazione comoda e facile.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Confortati nella speranza</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lo ricorda anche Papa
Francesco nella <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20180319_gaudete-et-exsultate.html" target="_blank">Gaudete et exsultate</a> quando ricorda che “le
persecuzioni non sono una realtà del passato, perché anche oggi le soffriamo,
sia in maniera cruenta, come tanti martiri contemporanei, sia in un modo più
sottile, attraverso calunnie e falsità”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Guardiamo, allora, all’esempio
dei nostri Martiri per sentircene confortati. San Gregorio magno scriveva che
tanto più solida sorge in noi la speranza, quanto più dure sono le prove
sopportate per amore di Dio. Abbiamo fiducia, nonostante le nostre fragilità.
La sua forza Dio la rivela proprio nei deboli e anche agli inermi egli dona la
forza del martirio”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2022-06/beatificazione-spagna-guerra-civile-martiri-semeraro.html">https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2022-06/beatificazione-spagna-guerra-civile-martiri-semeraro.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SOLENNITÀ DEL SANTISSIMO
CORPO E SANGUE DI CRISTO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PAPA FRANCESCO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ANGELUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Piazza San Pietro</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Domenica, 19 giugno 2022</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cari fratelli e sorelle,
buongiorno e buona domenica!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Italia e in altri
Paesi oggi si celebra la solennità del Santissimo Corpo e Sangue di Cristo.
L’Eucaristia, istituita nell’Ultima Cena, fu come il punto di arrivo di un
percorso, lungo il quale Gesù l’aveva prefigurata mediante alcuni segni,
soprattutto la moltiplicazione dei pani, raccontata nel Vangelo della Liturgia
odierna (cfr Lc 9,11b-17). Gesù si prende cura della grande folla che
lo ha seguito per ascoltare la sua parola ed essere liberata da vari mali.
Benedice cinque pani e due pesci, li spezza, i discepoli distribuiscono, e
«tutti mangiarono a sazietà» (Lc 9,17), dice il Vangelo. Nell’Eucaristia
ognuno può fare esperienza di questa amorosa e concreta attenzione del Signore.
Chi riceve con fede il Corpo e il Sangue di Cristo non solo mangia,
ma viene saziato. Mangiare ed essere saziati: si tratta di
due fondamentali necessità, che nell’Eucaristia vengono appagate.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mangiare. «Tutti
mangiarono», scrive San Luca. Sul far della sera i discepoli consigliano a Gesù
di congedare la folla, perché possa andare a cercare il cibo. Ma il Maestro
vuole provvedere anche a questo: a chi lo ha ascoltato vuole dare pure da
mangiare. Il miracolo dei pani e dei pesci non avviene però in maniera
spettacolare, ma quasi riservatamente, come alle nozze di Cana: il pane aumenta
passando di mano in mano. E mentre mangia, la folla si rende conto che Gesù si
prende cura di tutto. Questo è il Signore presente nell’Eucaristia: ci chiama
ad essere cittadini del Cielo, ma intanto tiene conto del cammino che dobbiamo
affrontare qui in terra. Se ho poco pane nella borsa, Lui lo sa e se ne
preoccupa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Talvolta c’è il rischio di
confinare l’Eucaristia in una dimensione vaga, lontana, magari luminosa e
profumata di incenso, ma lontana dalle strettoie del quotidiano. In realtà, il
Signore prende a cuore tutti i nostri bisogni, a partire da quelli più
elementari. E vuole dare l’esempio ai discepoli, dicendo: «Voi stessi date loro
da mangiare» (v. 13), a quella gente che lo aveva ascoltato durante la
giornata. La nostra adorazione eucaristica trova la sua verifica quando ci
prendiamo cura del prossimo, come fa Gesù: attorno a noi c’è fame di cibo, ma
anche di compagnia, c’è fame di consolazione, di amicizia, di buonumore, c’è
fame di attenzione, c’è fame di essere evangelizzati. Questo troviamo nel Pane
eucaristico: l’attenzione di Cristo alle nostre necessità, e l’invito a fare altrettanto
verso chi ci è accanto. Bisogna mangiare e dare da mangiare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Oltre
il mangiare, però, non deve mancare l’essere saziati. La folla si
saziò per l’abbondanza di cibo, e anche per la gioia e lo stupore di averlo
ricevuto da Gesù! Abbiamo certo bisogno di alimentarci, ma anche di essere
saziati, di sapere cioè che il nutrimento ci venga dato per amore. Nel
Corpo e nel Sangue di Cristo troviamo la sua presenza, la sua vita donata
per ognuno di noi. Non ci dà solo l’aiuto per andare avanti, ma ci dà sé stesso:
si fa nostro compagno di viaggio, entra nelle nostre vicende, visita le nostre
solitudini, ridando senso ed entusiasmo. Questo ci sazia, quando il
Signore dà senso alla nostra vita, alle nostre oscurità, ai nostri dubbi, ma
Lui vede il senso e questo senso che ci dà il Signore ci sazia, questo ci dà
quel “di più” che tutti cerchiamo: cioè la presenza del Signore!
Perché al calore della sua presenza la nostra vita cambia: senza di Lui sarebbe
davvero grigia. Adorando il Corpo e il Sangue di Cristo, chiediamogli con il
cuore: “Signore, dammi il pane quotidiano per andare avanti, Signore saziami
con la tua presenza!”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Vergine Maria ci
insegni ad adorare Gesù vivo nell’Eucaristia e a condividerlo con i nostri
fratelli e sorelle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Dopo l'Angelus</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cari fratelli e sorelle!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ieri, a Siviglia, sono
stati beatificati alcuni religiosi della famiglia Domenicana: Angelo Marina
álvarez e diciannove compagni; Giovanni Aguilar Donis e quattro compagni,
dell’Ordine dei Frati Predicatori; Isabella Sánchez Romero, anziana monaca
dell’Ordine di San Domenico, e Fruttuoso Pérez Marquez, laico terziario
domenicano. Tutti uccisi in odio alla fede nella persecuzione religiosa che si
verificò in Spagna nel contesto della guerra civile del secolo scorso. La loro
testimonianza di adesione a Cristo e il perdono per i loro uccisori ci mostrano
la via della santità e ci incoraggiano a fare della vita un’offerta d’amore a
Dio e ai fratelli. Un applauso ai nuovi Beati.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Giunge ancora dal Myanmar
il grido di dolore di tante persone a cui manca l’assistenza umanitaria di base
e che sono costrette a lasciare le loro case perché bruciate e per sfuggire
alla violenza. Mi unisco all’appello dei Vescovi di quell’amata terra, perché
la Comunità internazionale non si dimentichi della popolazione birmana, perché
la dignità umana e il diritto alla vita siano rispettati, come pure i luoghi di
culto, gli ospedali e le scuole. E benedico la comunità Birmana in Italia, oggi
qui rappresentata.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mercoledì prossimo, 22
giugno, inizierà il X Incontro Mondiale delle Famiglie, che avrà luogo a Roma e
contemporaneamente in maniera diffusa in tutto il mondo. Ringrazio i vescovi, i
parroci e gli operatori della pastorale familiare che hanno convocato le
famiglie a momenti di riflessione, di celebrazione e di festa. Ringrazio
soprattutto gli sposi e le famiglie che daranno testimonianza dell’amore
familiare come vocazione e via di santità. Buon incontro!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">E ora saluto tutti voi,
romani e pellegrini di vari Paesi, in particolare gli studenti della London
Oratory School. Saluto i partecipanti al primo Corso di pastorale
dell’accoglienza e della cura “Vita nascente”; i fedeli di Gragnano e
l’Associazione ciclistica “Pedale Sestese” di Sesto San Giovanni. E non
dimentichiamo il martoriato popolo ucraino in questo momento, popolo che sta
soffrendo. Io vorrei che rimanga in tutti voi una domanda: cosa faccio io oggi
per il popolo ucraino? Prego? Mi do da fare? Cerco di capire? Cosa faccio io
oggi per il popolo ucraino? Ognuno risponda nel proprio cuore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A tutti auguro una buona
domenica. Per favore, non dimenticatevi di pregare per me. Buon pranzo e
arrivederci!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/angelus/2022/documents/20220619-angelus.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/angelus/2022/documents/20220619-angelus.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>LE PERSECUZIONI NON SONO
UNA REALTÀ DEL PASSATO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Omelia nella beatificazione
di un gruppo di martiri domenicani spagnoli</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dal racconto
dell’Apocalisse abbiamo udito che, nella sua visione, Giovanni contemplò una
grande moltitudine di persone le quali, avvolte in bianche vesti, inneggiavano
a Dio. Stupito per questa immagine egli si domandò chi fossero. Gli giunse la
risposta: «Sono quelli che vengono dalla grande tribolazione e che hanno lavato
le loro vesti, rendendole candide nel sangue dell’Agnello». Sant’Agostino
commenterà annotando che di per sé ogni sangue tinge di rosso, ma che,
diversamente da ogni altro, il sangue dell'Agnello conferisce
candore perché si tratta dell’Agnello di Dio «che toglie i peccati del
mondo» (Gv 1,29); è il sangue di Cristo «sparso per molti in remissione
dei peccati» (Mt 26, 28) (cf. Discorso 306/D: PLS 2, 788).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nella prospettiva di
questo sguardo profetico noi oggi guardiamo al consistente gruppo di Servi di
Dio che poco fa sono stati dichiarati beati e proclamati martiri. Appartengono
a quella «candida schiera dei martiri», che loda il Signore, come canta
il Te Deum: «te martyrum candidatus laudat exercitus». La loro vicenda
storica è stata rievocata all’inizio di questo sacro rito: furono tutti vittime
della medesima persecuzione, che negli anni trenta del secolo scorso provocò la
morte di altre centinaia e centinaia di cristiani: sacri ministri, persone
consacrate, fedeli laici… Una moltitudine, davvero, che ha lavato le
proprie vesti nel sangue dell’Agnello.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I nostri nuovi Beati
furono persone umanamente molto diverse per il loro carattere, le loro storie
personali. Li accomunava, però, il carisma di san Domenico: una scelta
vocazionale, la loro, vissuta con fedeltà, coerenza, generosità. Risplende con
singolare luminosità la figura di una donna, Suor Ascensiòn de San José.
Insieme con altre ella fu crudelmente seviziata. A lei fu chiesto di
bestemmiare e calpestare il crocifisso: si rifiutò e le fu spaccato il cranio.
Non rinnegò la fede; anzi, morì osannando a Cristo Re e lodando il Santissimo
Sacramento. Sapeva bene, Suor Ascensiòn, che il sangue dell'Agnello conferisce
candore perché è il sangue «sparso per molti in remissione dei peccati».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Stiamo celebrando la
Santa Messa: anche noi, allora, incoraggiati dalla sua testimonianza, ripetiamo
nell’intimo del cuore la fede della Chiesa: «il suo Sangue per noi versato è la
bevanda che ci redime da ogni colpa» (Prefazio della SS.ma Eucaristia, I).
È una verità che la Chiesa ci ricorda sempre e che ci ripete in questi giorni,
mentre celebriamo la solennità del Corpus Christi. Tutti noi, che ci
nutriamo del medesimo Corpo di Cristo e ci lasciamo santificare dal suo sangue
prezioso, diventiamo un solo corpo. Ed oggi Gesù ci rassicura: su di noi c’è il
suo sguardo, per noi c’è la sua preghiera. «Padre santo, custodiscili nel tuo
nome, quello che mi hai dato, perché siano una sola cosa, come noi». Ed è così
che egli ci invia nel mondo: uniti a lui e in comunione tra noi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Anche questo lo abbiamo
ascoltato dalla lettura del Santo Vangelo: «come tu hai mandato me nel mondo,
anche io ho mandato loro nel mondo»! Il Vangelo deve essere proclamato
anzitutto mediante la testimonianza della fraternità e della comunione.
Nell’esortazione Evangelii nuntiandi san Paolo VI ce lo ha detto
splendidamente: «un cristiano o un gruppo di cristiani, in seno alla comunità
d’uomini nella quale vivono, manifestano capacità di comprensione e di
accoglimento, comunione di vita e di destino con gli altri, solidarietà negli
sforzi di tutti per tutto ciò che è nobile e buono. Ecco: essi irradiano,
inoltre, in maniera molto semplice e spontanea, la fede in alcuni valori che
sono al di là dei valori correnti, e la speranza in qualche cosa che non si
vede, e che non si oserebbe immaginare. Allora con tale testimonianza senza
parole, questi cristiani fanno salire nel cuore di coloro che li vedono vivere,
domande irresistibili: perché sono così? Perché vivono in tal modo? Che cosa o
chi li ispira? Perché sono in mezzo a noi? Ebbene, una tale testimonianza è già
una proclamazione silenziosa, ma molto forte ed efficace della Buona Novella»
(n. 21).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Siamo anche consapevoli,
però, che il Signore non ci manda in una situazione comoda e facile! Ce lo
ricordano i nostri Martiri. Quella del cristiano nel mondo non è mai una
situazione comoda e facile. Nell’esortazione sulla chiamata alla santità nel mondo
d’oggi, Papa Francesco questo lo ha sottolineato. Ha scritto che per vivere il
Vangelo non possiamo aspettarci che tutto intorno a noi sia favorevole; molte
volte, anzi, le ambizioni del potere e gli interessi mondani giocano contro di
noi. Sta di fatto che noi viviamo in una «società alienata, intrappolata in una
trama politica, mediatica, economica, culturale e persino religiosa che
ostacola l’autentico sviluppo umano e sociale», sicché vivere da cristiani
secondo le Beatitudini evangeliche «diventa difficile e può essere addirittura
una cosa malvista, sospetta, ridicolizzata (cf. Gaudete et exsultate, n.
91).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le difficoltà e le prove
che i nostri Martiri hanno sopportato e superato, benché in una paradossale
vittoria che agli occhi del mondo è una sconfitta, non sono certamente le
uniche. «Le persecuzioni non sono una realtà del passato, perché anche oggi le
soffriamo, sia in maniera cruenta, come tanti martiri contemporanei, sia in un
modo più sottile, attraverso calunnie e falsità», continua a dirci il Papa
(cf. Gaudete et exsultate, n. 91). Guardiamo, allora, all’esempio dei
nostri Martiri per sentircene confortati. San Gregorio magno scriveva che tanto
più solida sorge in noi la speranza, quanto più dure sono le prove sopportate
per amore di Dio (cf. Moralia in Job, II, X,36: PL 75, 941). Abbiamo
fiducia, nonostante le nostre fragilità. La sua forza Dio la rivela proprio nei
deboli e anche agli inermi egli dona la forza del martirio
(cf. Prefazio dei santi martiri). Amen.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Siviglia, Cattedrale di Santa
Maria della Sede, 18 giugno 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Marcello Card. Semeraro<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>LAS PERSECUCIONES NO SON
UNA REALIDAD DEL PASADO</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Homilía en la
beatificación de un grupo de mártires dominicos españoles</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En el relato del
Apocalipsis hemos oído que Juan, en su visión, contempló una gran multitud de
personas que, vestidos con vestiduras blancas, alababan a Dios. Sorprendido por
esta imagen, él se preguntó quiénes eran. Le llegó la respuesta: «Estos son los
que vienen de la gran tribulación: han lavado y blanqueado sus vestiduras en la
sangre del Cordero». San Agustín lo comentará observando que, en sí
mismo, toda sangre tiñe de rojo, pero que, a diferencia de cualquier otro
caso, la sangre del Cordero confiere blancura porque se trata del Cordero
de Dios «que quita el pecado del mundo» (Jn 1, 29); es la sangre de Cristo
«derramada por muchos para el perdón de los pecados» (Mt 26, 28)
(Cf. Discorso 306/D: PLS 2, 788).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En la perspectiva de esta
mirada profética nosotros hoy contemplamos el consistente grupo de Siervos de
Dios que acaban de ser declarados beatos y proclamados mártires. Pertenecen a
aquella «cándida comitiva de mártires», que alaba al Señor, como canta
el Te Deum: «te martyrum candidatus laudat exercitus». Su historia ha
sido recordada al iniciar este sagrado rito: fueron todos víctimas de la misma
persecución que, en los años treinta del siglo pasado, provocó la muerte de
cientos y cientos de cristianos: ministros sagrados, personas consagradas,
fieles laicos... Una multitud, en efecto, que ha lavado sus propias
vestiduras en la sangre del Cordero.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nuetros nuevos Beatos
fueron personas humanamente muy diversas por su carácter, por sus historias
personales. Los unía, en cambio, el carisma de Santo Domingo: una elección
vocacional, la suya, vivida con fidelidad, coherencia y generosidad.
Resplandece con singular luminosidad la figura de una mujer, Sor Ascensión de
San José. Junto a otras, ella fue cruelmente torturada. Le pidieron que
blasfemara y pisoteara el crucifijo: se negó y le destrozaron el cráneo. No
renegó de la fe; al contrario, murió ensalzando a Cristo Rey y alabando al
Santísimo Sacramento. Sabía bien Sor Ascensión que la sangre del Cordero
confiere candor porque es la sangre «derramada por muchos para el perdón de los
pecados».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Estamos celebrando la
Santa Misa: también nosotros, entonces, alentados por su testimonio, repetimos
en la intimidad del corazón con la fe de la Iglesia: «su sangre derramada por
nosotros es la bebida que nos redime de toda culpa» (Prefacio de la Ssma.
Eucaristía, I). Es una verdad que la Iglesia nos recuerda siempre y que se nos
repite en estos días, mientras celebramos la solemnidad del Corpus
Christi. Todos nosotros, que nos alimentamos del mismo Cuerpo de Cristo y nos
dejamos santificar por su sangre preciosa, nos convertimos en un solo
cuerpo. Y hoy Jesús nos tranquiliza: sobre nosotros está su mirada, por
nosotros está su oración. «Padre santo, guárdalos en tu nombre, aquel que me
has dado, para que sean una sola cosa, como nosotros». Y es así como él nos
envía en el mundo: unidos a él y en comunión entre nosotros.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En la lectura del Santo
Evangelio, también hemos escuchado esto: «como tú me enviaste al mundo, así yo
los envío también al mundo». El Evangelio debe ser proclamado sobre todo con el
testimonio de la fraternidad y de la comunión. En la exhortación Evangelii
nuntiandi san Pablo VI [sexto] nos lo ha dicho esplendidamente: «un
cristiano o un grupo de cristianos que, dentro de la comunidad humana donde
viven, manifiestan su capacidad de comprensión y de aceptación, su comunión de
vida y de destino con los demás, su solidaridad en los esfuerzos de todos en
cuanto existe de noble y bueno. Supongamos además que irradian de manera
sencilla y espontánea su fe en los valores que van más allá de los valores
corrientes, y su esperanza en algo que no se ve ni osarían soñar. A través de
este testimonio sin palabras, estos cristianos hacen plantearse, a quienes
contemplan su vida, interrogantes irresistibles: ¿Por qué son así? ¿Por qué
viven de esa manera? ¿Qué es o quién es el que los inspira? ¿Por qué están con
nosotros? Pues bien, este testimonio constituye ya de por sí una proclamación
silenciosa, pero también muy clara y eficaz, de la Buena Nueva» (n. 21).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">¡Somos conscientes, sin
embargo, que el Señor no nos manda a una situación cómoda y fácil! Nos lo
recuerdan nuestros mártires. La del cristiano en el mundo no es nunca una
situación cómoda y fácil. En la exhortación sobre la llamada a la santidad en
el mundo de hoy, Papa Francisco ha subrayado esto. Ha escrito que para vivir el
Evangelio no podemos esperar que todo en torno a nosotros sea favorable; muchas
veces, al contrario, las ambiciones del poder y de los intereses mundanos
juegan contra nosotros. Se da por hecho que vivimos en una «sociedad alienada,
atrapada en una trama política, mediática, económica, cultural e incluso
religiosa que obstaculiza el auténtico desarrollo humano y social», de modo que
vivir como cristianos según las Bienaventuranzas evangélicas «se hace difícil y
puede ser incluso una cosa mal vista, sospechosa, ridiculizada»
(Cf. Gaudete et exultate, n.91).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Las dificultades y las
pruebas que nuestros Mártires han soportado y superado, si bien en una
paradójica victoria que a los ojos del mundo es una derrota, no son ciertamente
las únicas. «Las persecuciones no son una realidad del pasado, porque hoy
también las sufrimos, sea de manera cruenta, como tantos mártires
contemporáneos, o de un modo más sutil, a través de calumnias y falsedades»
continúa diciéndonos el Papa (Cf. Gaudete et exultate, n.94). Miremos,
entonces, el ejemplo de nuestros Mártires para sentirnos confortados. San
Gregorio Magno escribía que tanto más sólida surge en nosotros la esperanza,
cuanto más duras son las pruebas soportadas por amor de Dios (Cf. Moralia
in Job, II, X,36: PL 75, 941). Tengamos confianza, no obstante nuestras
fragilidades. Dios revela su fuerza justamente en los débiles y también a los
indefensos él da la fortaleza del martirio ( Cf. <i>Prefacio de los
santos mártires</i>). Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sevilla, Catedral de
Santa María de la Sede, 18 de junio de 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/dicastero-delle-cause-dei-santi/prefetto-dicastero-cause-santi/omelie-del-prefetto/omelia-nella-beatificazione-di-un-gruppo-di-martiri-domenicani-s.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/dicastero-delle-cause-dei-santi/prefetto-dicastero-cause-santi/omelie-del-prefetto/omelia-nella-beatificazione-di-un-gruppo-di-martiri-domenicani-s.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Mártir de Huéscar
(Diócesis de Guadix)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>27.- Sor Ascensión de San
José (Isabel Ascensión Sánchez Romero), monja dominica</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nació el 9 de mayo de
1861 y fue bautizada el día 12, en la iglesia parroquial de Santa María la
Mayor de Huéscar, perteneciente entonces al arzobispado de Toledo y provincia
de Granada. Recibió el nombre de Isabel Ascensión. Sus padres se llamarón
Andrés y Josefa. Andrés procedía de Chirivel (Almería) y Josefa de Oria.
Poseían una casa de campo o «cortijo», entre las poblaciones de Huéscar y Orce
(Granada). Se trataba de una familia de labradores acomodados, muy buenos
cristianos, que dieron a sus ocho hijos, tres varones y cinco mujeres, una
esmerada educación, especialmente religiosa. La beata fue la penúltima de todos
ellos. Al medio año de recibir el bautismo recibió, asimismo, la confirmación
el 11 de noviembre de 1861, en la iglesia parroquial de Santa María, en la
villa de Orce.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pudo empezar su
noviciado en el convento dominicano de Huéscar hacia mayo de 1884, en cuyo
mes cumplía 23 años de edad. Desde la toma de hábito, a sus nombres de
bautismo Isabel Ascensión, añadió el de «San José». De este modo se
escribirá su nombre en lo sucesivo, aunque familiarmente y, para abreviar, la
llamaron corrientemente «Sor San José». Las hermanas de obediencia, como
era el caso de la nueva beata, en lugar del Oficio divino, debían saber aquello
que tenían que recitar. Todas tenían que aprender algún tipo de trabajo y
ocuparse en él. Profesó a principios de octubre de 1885.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Para historiar la vida de
Sor Isabel Ascensión de San José en el convento, la fuente de que se dispone es
una «biografía» de Sor Concepción Martínez Navas. Afirma que ingresó y vivió
como «religiosa de obediencia». Esto significaba que no seguía en todo a la
comunidad, es decir, en lo referente a toda la celebración coral. Fue servicial
para con todas, amable, paciente, equilibrada, juvenil, humilde, sufrida,
solidaria, muy sencilla, muy alegre y amena. Le gustaba estar con las jóvenes,
su vida entera se fue desenvolviendo en un ambiente de sencillez infantil e
inocencia que encantaba a todas. Nunca cansaba su presencia y compañía. No se
hacía pesada; por el contrario, si no estaba ella la echaban de menos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hallaba su fuerza en la
presencia de Dios, expresamente mediante el rezo del rosario, que lo hacía con
todo respeto. Muchos años fue Tornera por su prudencia y silencio. En los
escrúpulos que sufrió manifestaba una conformidad absoluta a la disposición del
superior y un camino de paz envidiable. Fue siempre sumisa como una niña. Sufrió
la enfermedad con gran paciencia y hasta alegría, ocultando siempre que
tenía que soportar a veces llagas que le iban de los pies a la cabeza. Sufría
con grandísima paciencia y amor. Conservaba en su corazón lo que oía en las
pláticas y las lecturas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Las religiosas se
vieron obligadas a abandonar el convento el 4 de agosto de 1936. Se
repartieron entre familiares y personas caritativas. El convento fue saqueado.
La nueva beata fue acogida en casa de una sobrina, llamada Ascensión Reche,
esposa de Alfredo Motos. Su priora continuó atendiéndola. La persecución
se recrudeció en Huéscar a principios de febrero de 1937.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fue apresada el 16
de febrero, porque los perseguidores juzgaron suficiente delito el que llevara
un crucifijo al cuello. Estaba próxima a cumplir 76 años. En los calabozos
del ayuntamiento sus perseguidores se empeñaron en «oírla blasfemar». No lo
consiguieron, aun a costa de machacarla el cráneo. Recibió la corona del
martirio en las primeras horas del 17 de febrero de 1937. Sus reliquias
permanecieron inhumadas en el lugar del enterramiento del cementerio de
Huéscar. Se trasladaron, después, a un nicho cedido por el ayuntamiento el 6 de
diciembre e de 1958. El traslado al cementerio monástico dominicano de
Huéscar se verificó el 25 de mayo de 1973. Sus reliquias se veneran en el
monasterio de Baza.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.dominicos.org/quienes-somos/grandes-figuras/santos/beatificaciones-2022/biografias/">https://www.dominicos.org/quienes-somos/grandes-figuras/santos/beatificaciones-2022/biografias/</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>EL PAPA FRANCISCO
PROMULGÓ EL DECRETO DE MARTIRIO EL 12 DE DICEMBRE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Reconocido el martirio de
la Hermana Isabel Sánchez Romero: querían obligarla a blasfemar, pero ella
respondió con jaculatorias<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La hermana Isabel fue
arrestada en febrero de 1937, en la cárcel fue insultada y golpeada por los
milicianos republicanos. Querían obligarla a blasfemar, pero ella respondió con
jaculatorias.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.infocatolica.com/?t=hemeroteca&y=2019&m=12&d=14">14/12/19
3:12 PM</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(ACI/InfoCatólica) La
Hermana Isabel Sánchez Romero, de 76 años, fue asesinada por odio a la
fe durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939). Los
milicianos querían obligarla a blasfemar, pero ella respondió con
jaculatorias y fue asesinada con una piedra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El pasado 12 de
diciembre el Papa Francisco promulgó el decreto de martirio de la
religiosa española Isabel Sánchez Romero, monja profesa de la orden de
Santo Domingo, que fue asesinada cuando tenía 76 años por odio a la fe en 1937.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Esta religiosa nació en
1860, en Huéscar, Granada (España), cuando tenía 17 años entró en el monasterio
de las Hermanas Dominicas y tomó el nombre de Ascensión de San José.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Según destaca VaticanNews
la religiosa era «obediente, silenciosa, trabajadora y humilde. Y aunque sufría
una enfermedad rara que cubría su cuerpo con llagas, nadie la escuchó
lamentarse».<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Comenzó la persecución
religiosa en España y posteriormente estalló la guerra Civil el 15 de julio de
1936.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La hermana Isabel fue
arrestada en febrero de 1937, cuando tenía 76 años. A pesar de su avanzada
edad en la cárcel fue insultada y golpeada por los milicianos
republicanos. Querían obligarla a blasfemar, pero ella respondió con
jaculatorias, por eso la arrestaron.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Querían hacerla subir a
una camioneta para ser transportada, junto con otros detenidos, al cementerio
para ser fusilados, pero por su edad ella no podía subir y por eso los
milicianos la levantaron y la arrojaron dentro de la camioneta con violencia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Una vez en el cementerio,
la religiosa vio cómo asesinaban a su sobrino Florencio, pero ella rezó hasta
el final.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ella no fue fusilada,
sino que los milicianos pusieron su cabeza sobre una piedra y con otra le
golpearon el cráneo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El reconocimiento del
martirio de esta religiosa se promulgó el mismo día, 12 de diciembre, que el de
otros 26 mártires españoles, 1 beata italiana y el reconocimiento de las
virtudes heroicas de 6 siervos de Dios.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.infocatolica.com/?t=noticia&cod=36498">https://www.infocatolica.com/?t=noticia&cod=36498</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Tras las huellas de Sor
San José, la dominica mártir de Huéscar</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Domingo, 6 de Noviembre
de 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">El Monasterio de las
Madres Dominicas de Baza ha celebrado este domingo 6 de noviembre, por primera
vez, a su nueva beata Sor Ascensión de San José, que fue beatificada el pasado
mes de junio, en Sevilla. Sor Ascensión de San José era religiosa dominica del
convento de Huéscar y fue martirizada en los inicios de la Guerra Civil. La
beatificación tuvo lugar el sábado 18 de junio, en la Catedral de Sevilla,
junto a otros 26 dominicos más. La beata Ascensión de San José era la única
mujer del grupo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La fiesta litúrgica de
esta mártir beata es el 6 de noviembre y hoy habrá sido para las religiosas de
Baza, pero también para la ciudad y para Huéscar, un día de acción de gracias
por su beatificación y de intercesión a la nueva beata, que se venera de manera
especial en el Monasterio de la Santísima Trinidad, de Baza, donde están sus
restos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ofrecemos aquí una
semblanza de la vida de Sor Ascensión de San José, escrita por José Gabriel
Concepción y que fue publicado recientemente en la revista de Cáritas
Interparroquial de Baza:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>TRAS LAS HUELLAS DE SOR
SAN JOSÉ, LA DOMINICA MÁRTIR DE HUÉSCAR</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En la capilla del
convento de Baza hay una urna con sus restos, para la veneración de los fieles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Las religiosas dominicas
de Baza están felices, pues una hermana dominica, como ellas, está ya en
los altares. Se llama Sor Ascensión de San José, aunque es más conocida
como “Sor San José”. Murió mártir en Huéscar, cuando estaba a punto de
cumplir 76 años. Sus<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">restos reposan ya en la
capilla del convento de la Santísima Trinidad de Baza. Están una bellísima
urna-relicario de plata, realizada por orfebres de Sevilla, la ciudad donde
fue beatificada el pasado 18 de junio. Muy cerca del altar, donde está el
Señor sacramentado,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">que fue durante toda su
vida su consuelo y su fortaleza.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Es un inmenso regalo del
Cielo tener en Baza estas sagradas reliquias. Es un don y una fuerte
llamada a la conversión. A “Sor San José” la tenemos ya de intercesora en el
Cielo y acogerá sin duda nuestras peticiones, penas y dolores. Acudamos a
esta humilde hija de<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Santo Domingo. Más de mil
quinientas estampas han repartido ya las monjas dominicas por medio mundo,
desde México hasta Polonia. Nosotros hemos querido realizar un recorrido
por los lugares donde vivió y murió esta santa religiosa, recogiendo sus palabras<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">que estas hijas de Santo
Domingo guardan como un tesoro.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>MI ESPOSO ES CRISTO
CRUCIFICADO</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sor San José nació en
Huéscar el 9 de mayo de 1861 en la cueva-cortijo de sus padres. Penúltima
de una familia de ocho hijos. Fue Bautizada tres días después de su nacimiento. El
11 de noviembre fue confirmada. Profesó el 10 de octubre de 1885, con 24 años,
en el<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Convento de la Madre de
Dios de Huéscar, en la actualidad, cerrado. Antes de hacer su Profesión
solemne, alguno de sus pretendientes se atrevió a presentarse en el
convento para hacer una última tentativa, engañando a la tornera, pues se
hizo pasar por un familiar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">de Sor San José. Tan
pronto como ella salió al locutorio y le reconoció, descubrió el engaño.
Con gran entereza volvió a rechazarle con estas palabras. “No quiero nada de
la tierra, ni más amor ni más esposo que a Jesucristo Crucificado. Por tanto,
márchate de<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">aquí”. El Cielo escuchó
aquellas palabras. Siempre lo hace. Y fue hasta el final Esposa de Cristo
Crucificado. Primero, en el silencio y en la oscuridad, haciendo suya esa
vida oculta del hogar de Nazaret.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Así, en el día a día, en
las tareas ordinarias y también en las más ingratas fue encontrándose con
el Señor, que fue preparando su alma, como hace el mejor jardinero en el
más hermoso jardín. Dios mismo quiso probarla también con una cruel
enfermedad, Su cuerpo llegaba a ser una llaga viva desde los pies a la cabeza,
No podía ni echarse. Era un suplicio ponerse la túnica. Todo los soportaba
con paciencia y amor. Como los escrúpulos que también atormentaron sin
consuelo su alma delicada con las cosas santas. Fue avanzando así en esa
escuela de la Cruz., Así pasaron los días como las cuentas de un Rosario,
que ella rezaba con tanta devoción. El momento de la prueba llegó al
cumplir 51 años de vida religiosa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>LA ACEPTACIÓN DEL
MARTIRIO</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En la última quincena del
mes de julio del año 36 la comunidad de 14 religiosas realizó unos
Ejercicios Espirituales, predicados por el padre José del Cerro. España vivía
unos momentos de división y suma violencia, que presagiaban la Guerra
Civil. Las monjas comprendieron que su convento podía convertirse en una cárcel,
tal vez, en su tumba, si las turbas lo asaltaban. Lo dispusieron todo para
una posible salida, buscando refugio entre las familias amigas, que
acogiéndolas no tenían miedo de exponer así sus vidas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Nos hicimos trajes
seglares para que pudiéramos pasar desapercibidas…Influidas por este
ambiente de malestar- aseguraban- solíamos hablar muchas veces de lo que
podía pasar, y en más de una ocasión, llegamos a pensar e incluso a hablar
de algún posible martirio”. En esas conversaciones francas intervino Sor
San José “Dios mío, si a mí me matan, que sea de un tiro y por detrás, que
yo no me dé cuenta”. Sus hermanas preguntaron por qué quería morir así.
“Porque tengo miedo de no ser lo suficientemente valiente para sufrir el
martirio cara a cara y faltándome la fe, fuera capaz de renegar”. Así era Sor
San José, tan humilde que no se veía merecedora de la gracia del martirio.
Dios tenía otros planes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>TOCANDO EL CIELO</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En aquellos momentos
inciertos, al comienzo de la guerra civil, las religiosas tomaron una decisión
heroica, consumir las sagradas formas y evitar así que fueran arrojadas
al suelo y pisoteadas, como ocurrió en la Iglesia Mayor de Huéscar. Sabían
que esa comunión podía costarles la vida. Por todas partes iban grupos
armados, sin ninguna autoridad que los contuvieran. Sus blasfemias y
amenazas contra las monjas debían llegar hasta el más apartado rincón del
convento. Las llamaban unas “brujas muy malas”, a las que pensaban
matar. Nos sobrecoge esa última comunión, que llegó a las dos o tres de la
madrugada. Las religiosas, ya con ropas seglares, se encontraban de
rodillas ante el altar. Siguiendo las instrucciones del padre José del
Cerro, la priora abrió el sagrario. Todas temblaban y lloraban. Se fueron
pasando el copón unas a otras. Con la lengua fueron tomando las sagradas
formas hasta consumirlas. Aceptaban la voluntad de Dios. Que las protegió
en todo momento. De las bombas de la aviación y del infierno desatado en
Huéscar. Y por último, gracias a un miliciano, al que llamaron su ángel
protector, pudieron salir del convento antes de que fuera asaltado por las
turbas. El 4 de agosto de 1936 encontraron refugio en la casa de Laureano
Díaz Morenilla, hermano de “Sor Inés”. Un día después las 14 monjas se
fueron repartiendo por casas de familiares y conocidos. Sor San José
fue acogida por una sobrina, llamada Ascensión Reche, esposa de Alfredo
Motos, en una casa que todavía existe en la calle Ángel. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>DETENIDA POR LLEVAR UNA
CRUZ</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La persecución se
recrudeció en Huéscar a principios de febrero de 1937, coincidiendo con la
llegada de una columna de milicianos, que impusieron un estado de
terror. Detenciones indiscriminadas. Registros arbitrarios y destrucción
de todos los símbolos religiosos que encontraban. Sor San José estaba
entre los detenidos. Le delató una cruz que siempre llevaba al cuello.
Pese a sus ropas seglares, su forma de andar también revelaba su condición
de religiosa, acostumbrada al hábito durante toda su vida. Fue conducida
como un peligroso delincuente al calabozo, un cuartucho lóbrego en los
bajos del Ayuntamiento. Antes de llegar a ese lugar, “Sor San José” vio
por última vez la imponente iglesia de Santa María la Mayor de Huéscar.
Fue su último consuelo ante el suplicio que le esperaba. Era el día 15 de
febrero de 1937, por la tarde.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>LA ROMPIERON TODOS LOS
HUESOS</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sor San José se
encontraba sola ante una jauría de hombres, que solo quería
que blasfemara. Su determinación les encorajinó aún más, sobre todo,
porque estaban ante una anciana de 76 años.” Si no renuncias a tu dios te
mataremos”. “Jamás diré una blasfemia”, repetía Sor San José, que no
dejaba de repetir sus jaculatorias más queridas, “Alabado sea el Santísimo
Sacramento” o “Viva Cristo Rey”. Al ver sus captores que no podían
doblegarla, la golpearon una y otra vez. No contentos con eso la arrojaban una
y otra vez contra la pared del calabozo, rompiéndole brazos y piernas. A
“Sor San José” no conseguían que cediera, pues le asistía la gracia de
Dios. Finalmente, le cortaron los pechos y hasta introdujeron pedazos de
su propia carne en la boca, en un remedo sacrílego de la comunión.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ENTREGA SU VIDA AL SEÑOR</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Al amanecer del día 16,
Sor San José fue conducida al cementerio de Huéscar, junto con otros
presos. Como un fardo fue arrojada a la plataforma de un camión. No podía tenerse en
pie. El traslado al cementerio fue otra tortura. Sabía que pronto llegaría el
final. Volvieron las amenazas de muerte. Al ver la determinación de Sor
San José, sus verdugos idearon un último tormento. Ver cómo fusilaban una
a uno a todos los detenidos; el último su sobrino Florentino. Cuando
terminaron, volvieron sobre San José. Murió gritando un sobrecogedor “Viva
Cristo Rey”, mientras perdonaba con gestos inequívocos a sus verdugos, que
acabaron aplastándole la cabeza con una gran piedra “por testaruda”.
No lograron que renegara de su fe. Solo “Sor San José” murió, salvándose
milagrosamente la priora y otras 12 hermanas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SON YA MÁS DE DOS MIL
MÁRTIRES</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sor San José forma parte
de una lista de 2.096 mártires, reconocidos por la Iglesia. Un caso singular
y único en la historia de la Iglesia, pues estos testimonios
martiriales ocurrieron en apenas cinco años, desde el año 1934, la
Revolución de Asturias, y el final de la Guerra Civil. Hay laicos,
religiosos, sacerdotes y hasta obispos, como Manuel Medina Olmos, obispo
de Guadix. Todos murieron perdonando a sus verdugos, como recordó el Papa
un día después de la beatificación de Sor San José y otros 26 miembros de
la Orden de Santo Domingo. Su fiesta será el día 6 noviembre, que está dedicada
a todos los mártires del siglo XX.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Todos asesinados por
odio a la fe en la persecución religiosa que ocurrió en España en el
contexto de la guerra civil del siglo pasado. Su testimonio de adhesión a
Cristo y el perdón para sus asesinos nos muestran el camino de la santidad
y nos animan a hacer de la vida una ofrenda de amor a Dios y a los
hermanos. Un aplauso a los nuevos beatos”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Ángelus del día 19 de
junio de 2022)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Un aplauso que habrá
llegado sin duda hasta el Cielo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.diocesisdeguadix.es/index.php/noticias/tras-las-huellas-de-sor-san-jose-la-dominica-martir-de-huescar#:~:text=Sor%20Ascensi%C3%B3n%20de%20San%20Jos%C3%A9%20era%20religiosa%20dominica%20del%20convento,la%20%C3%BAnica%20mujer%20del%20grupo">https://www.diocesisdeguadix.es/index.php/noticias/tras-las-huellas-de-sor-san-jose-la-dominica-martir-de-huescar#:~:text=Sor%20Ascensi%C3%B3n%20de%20San%20Jos%C3%A9%20era%20religiosa%20dominica%20del%20convento,la%20%C3%BAnica%20mujer%20del%20grupo</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-86748174882162712842024-02-14T15:51:00.000-08:002024-02-14T15:56:50.014-08:00Saint NOSTRIANO di NAPOLI, évêque<p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://tinodamico.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/download-16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="320" src="https://tinodamico.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/download-16.jpg" width="320" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Nostrien<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Évêque de Naples (+
v. 450)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Il protégea son peuple
dans la foi catholique contre l'hérésie en s'opposant à l'arianisme et au
pélagianisme. Il accueillit de grand cœur les confesseurs de la foi chassés
d'Afrique par les Vandales ariens. Il mourut vers 450.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10705/Saint-Nostrien.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10705/Saint-Nostrien.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Nostrien de Naples</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">dimanche 6 février 2022,
par <a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?auteur1">ljallamion</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostrien de Naples (mort
entre 452 et 465)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">15ème évêque de
Naples<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon le “Chronicon
episcoporum Sanctae Neapolitanae Ecclesiae” de Giovanni Diacono, Nostrien
fut le quinzième évêque de Naples [<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nb1" title="L’archidiocèse de Naples est un archidiocèse métropolitain de l’Église (...)">1</a>].<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le prédicateur Flore
diffusa la doctrine pélagienne [<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nb2" title="Le pélagianisme est le courant considéré comme hérétique par l’Église (...)">2</a>] et
le manichéisme [<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nb3" title="Le manichéisme est une religion, désormais très rare, dont le fondateur fut le (...)">3</a>] sous
l’épiscopat de saint Nostrien ; l’évêque de Carthage [<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nb4" title="L’archidiocèse de Carthage est un siège épiscopal de l’Église catholique, (...)">4</a>], <a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article8268">Quodvultdeus</a>, indique
que l’évêque de Naples envoya le prêtre Herius pour arrêter et expulser Flore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il fit édifier des
thermes pour les clercs et les fidèles tout près du forum [<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nb5" title="Le forum romain est dans l’Antiquité la place publique où les citoyens romains (...)">5</a>],
zone qui fut appelée jusqu’à la fin du 13ème siècle “vicus Nostrianus
et platea Nostriana”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostrien fut d’abord
inhumé dans les catacombes de saint Gaudiose, puis ses reliques furent
translatées au 10ème siècle en l’église San Gennaro all’Olmo [<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nb6" title="L’église San Gennaro all’Olmo (Saint-Janvier-de-l’Orme) est une petite église (...)">6</a>],
où elles furent solennellement exposées à la dévotion populaire le 16 août 1612
après avoir été retrouvées dans une urne de marbre sous le maître-autel.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">P.-S.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Source : Cet article
est partiellement ou en totalité issu du texte de histoire de <i>Il martirologio
romano. Riformato a norma dei decreti del Concilio ecumenico Vaticano II e
promulgato da papa Giovanni Paolo II</i>, LEV, Cité du Vatican, 2004.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Notes</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nh1" title="Notes 1">1</a>]
L’archidiocèse de Naples est un archidiocèse métropolitain de l’Église
catholique d’Italie appartenant à la région ecclésiastique de Campanie. Le
diocèse est érigé au 1er siècle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nh2" title="Notes 2">2</a>]
Le pélagianisme est le courant considéré comme hérétique par l’Église
catholique, issu de la doctrine du moine Pélage. Pélage minimisait le rôle de
la grâce et exaltait la primauté et l’efficacité de l’effort personnel dans la
pratique de la vertu. Il soutenait que l’homme pouvait, par son seul libre
arbitre, s’abstenir du péché, niait la nécessité de la grâce, le péché
originel, les limbes pour les enfants morts sans baptême. En effet, pour le
moine breton les hommes ne doivent pas supporter le péché originel d’Adam dans
leurs actions et ne doivent donc pas se rédimer à jamais. Trois conciles
s’étaient opposés à cette doctrine : ceux de Carthage, 415 et 417, et
celui d’Antioche en 424. Le Concile oecuménique d’Éphèse, en 431, condamna cette
hérésie en dépit des correctifs que Pélage inséra dans ses apologies. Le
pélagianisme subsista jusqu’au 6ème siècle. Il fut surtout combattu par saint
Augustin qui a tout fait pour que Pélage soit excommunié car il le considérait
comme un disciple du manichéisme. En 426, l’Église catholique romaine
excommunie Pélage.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nh3" title="Notes 3">3</a>]
Le manichéisme est une religion, désormais très rare, dont le fondateur fut le
perse Mani au 3ème siècle. C’est un syncrétisme du zoroastrisme, du bouddhisme
et du christianisme ; les partisans de ce dernier le combattirent avec
véhémence<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nh4" title="Notes 4">4</a>]
L’archidiocèse de Carthage est un siège épiscopal de l’Église catholique,
anciennement territorial et aujourd’hui titulaire (in partibus), situé à
Carthage en Afrique du Nord (aujourd’hui en Tunisie). Le diocèse de Carthage
est érigé à la fin du 2ème siècle. Agrippin en est le premier évêque connu. Les
plus grands écrivains chrétiens de cette époque y vivaient, comme par exemple
Tertullien. Une floraison de martyrs a lieu au 3ème siècle, dont se détachent
les figures de sainte Perpétue et sainte Félicité et de saint Cyprien. À cette
époque, Carthage était le siège épiscopal le plus important de la province
romaine d’Afrique (Afrique du Nord) et l’évêque de Carthage devint le primat et
l’évêque métropolitain de fait de l’Afrique proconsulaire, de la Byzacène, de
la Numidie, de la Tripolitaine et de la Mauritanie (même si dans les seules
provinces, le privilège primatial était donné à l’évêque le plus ancien de la
province). Le titre honorifique de patriarche fut aussi attribué à l’évêque de
Carthage, toujours obéissant à Rome, à l’exception de l’épisode des relaps où
Carthage était en faveur du rigorisme. Au 4ème siècle, le diocèse est travaillé
par la diffusion de diverses hérésies : le donatisme, l’arianisme, le
manichéisme et le pélagianisme. Les donatistes eurent même leur hiérarchie
parallèle pendant une courte période. L’invasion des Vandales à la fin du
siècle donne le signal à une période d’oppression contre l’Église à laquelle
met fin la conquête byzantine en 533. Cependant les empereurs donnent leur
appui à des hérésies, telles que le monothélisme et surtout l’iconoclasme. Les
évêques de Carthage, fermes défenseurs de l’orthodoxie, sont exilés. Carthage
est un siège important de l’Église latine, jusqu’à ce que la conquête des
Arabo-musulmans lui porte un premier coup en 698 qui lui sera fatal ; en
effet, Carthage va rapidement décliner. Le christianisme y met cependant 4
siècles à disparaître complètement. Le nom de deux derniers évêques est encore
cité au 11ème siècle. Le dernier en 1076.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nh5" title="Notes 5">5</a>]
Le forum romain est dans l’Antiquité la place publique où les citoyens romains
se réunissent pour traiter d’affaires commerciales, politiques, économiques,
judiciaires ou religieuses, à l’image de l’agora dans le monde grec. Un des
premiers forums est celui établi à Rome sur les rives du Tibre à hauteur du
premier port fluvial de la ville : le forum Boarium (littéralement le
« marché aux bœufs »). Sa construction remonte à l’époque de la
fondation de la ville. Lors de l’expansion territoriale de Rome, des colonies
sont fondées à l’image de la métropole, avec les mêmes institutions et les
mêmes équipements urbains. Chacune possède donc son forum autour duquel
s’articule le reste de la ville.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642#nh6" title="Notes 6">6</a>]
L’église San Gennaro all’Olmo (Saint-Janvier-de-l’Orme) est une petite église
du centre historique de Naples (Spaccanapoli) au croisement de la via San
Gregorio Armeno et de la via San Biagio dei Librai. Elle constitue un ensemble
monumental unique avec l’église San Biagio Maggiore qui lui est contiguë.
L’église est consacrée à saint Janvier, patron de Naples ; elle est
appelée all’Olmo (de l’Orme) parce qu’autrefois un grand orme se dressait sur
la petite place voisine sur lequel on faisait pendre le prix du vainqueur au
jeu de cocagne. À l’origine, elle était sous le vocable de San Gennaro ad
diaconiam, parce qu’elle comptait parmi les églises qui avaient un diacre pour
la distribution des aumônes en faveur des pauvres et des veuves. Elle est
aujourd’hui désaffectée et sert à des manifestations culturelles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642">https://www.ljallamion.fr/spip.php?article9642</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Nostrianus of Naples"><b>Saint Nostrianus of Naples</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostrian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostrien<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostriano<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/14-february">14
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/16-august">16
August</a> (discovery of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/relics">relics</a>;
date set in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-1619">1619</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fifteenth <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/diocese-of-naples-italy">Naples</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>,
in the mid-<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/5th-century">5th
century</a>, serving for 17 years. Fought against the spread of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/arianism">Arian</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/manichaeism">Manichean</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/pelagianism">Pelagian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/heresy">heresies</a> in
his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/diocese">diocese</a>.
Helped hold his people together and adhering to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/christianity">faith</a> during
a period of barbarian invasion of the aging Roman empire, and helped support
the civic life of the city of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-naples-italy">Naples</a>.
Gave refuge to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/christianity">Christians</a>,
including <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/saints">Saint</a> Gaudiosus
of Abitina and Saint <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/saint-quodvultdeus">Quodvultdeus
of Carthage</a>, who fled <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/carthage">Carthage</a> after
it fell to the Vandals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">between <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-452">452</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-465">465</a> (records
vary) of natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-gravediggers">buried</a> in
the catacombs of San Gaudioso in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-naples-italy">Naples</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/relics">relics</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/shrine">enshrined</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/church">church</a> of
San Gennaro all’Olmo in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-naples-italy">Naples</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/10th-century">10th
century</a> in a marble urn under the high <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/altar">altar</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/relics">relics</a> re-discovered
and re-<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/shrine">enshrined</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/16-august">16
August</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-1612">1612</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/relics">relics</a> re-<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/shrine">enshrined</a> in
the church of Saints Philip and James in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-naples-italy">Naples</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-1965">1865</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/2-may">2 May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-1878">1878</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/pope-leo-xiii">Leo
XIII</a> (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/cultus-confirmation">cultus
confirmation</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/book-of-saints-nostrianus">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/saints-of-the-day-nostrianus-of-naples-bishop">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4873" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostrianus" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=40890" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
en français</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10705/Saint-Nostrien.html" target="_blank">Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostrien_de_Naples" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40890" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostriano_di_Napoli" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>nettsteder
i norsk</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/nnapoli" target="_blank">Den
katolske kirke</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Nostrianus of
Naples“. CatholicSaints.Info. 4 May 2022. Web. 14 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-nostrianus-of-naples/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – Nostrianus">Book of Saints –
Nostrianus</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/saints">Saint</a>) <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/14-february">February
14</a>) (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/5th-century">5th
century</a>) A <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/patrons-of-naples-italy">Naples</a> remarkable
for his zeal and skill in defending <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/catholic-church">Catholic</a> doctrine
against the subtle issues raised by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/arianism">Arian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/heresy">heretics</a> of
his age. He probably <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/patrons-of-dying-people">died</a> about
A.D. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/time-line-450">450</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate. “Nostrianus”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
27 March 2016. Web. 14 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-nostrianus/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-nostrianus-of-naples-bishop/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Nostrianus of Naples, Bishop"><b>Saints
of the Day – Nostrianus of Naples, Bishop</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Died c.450. Bishop
Nostrianus of Naples valiantly opposed Arianism and Pelagianism (Benedictines).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-nostrianus-of-naples-bishop/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
4 May 2022. Web. 14 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-nostrianus-of-naples-bishop/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-nostrianus-of-naples-bishop/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-nostrianus-of-naples-bishop/</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Nostriano di
Napoli </b>Vescovo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/14">14 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">V sec.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vescovo di Napoli dal 439
al 452 o 465, fu un pastore zelante e un difensore della fede cattolica. Dopo
aver accolto a Napoli i profughi cristiani fuggiti dalla Cartagine saccheggiata
dai Vandali, smascherò la propaganda pelagiana del vescovo Floro, che predicava
illecitamente a Miseno. Nostriano si rese inoltre benemerito della città per
aver costruito le terme ad uso del clero e dei fedeli. Morì dopo diciassette
anni di episcopato e i suoi resti furono trasferiti dalla catacomba di San
Gaudioso alla chiesa di San Gennaro all'Olmo, dove sono venerati ancora oggi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: Commemorazione di san Nostriano, vescovo di Napoli.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">È il quindicesimo nella
lista episcopale di Giovanni diacono. Si distinse nel difendere il suo gregge
dall'insidia dell'eresia serpeggiante alle porte di Napoli. Nell'ott. del
439, caduta Cartagine in mano ai Vandali di Genserico, una grandissima
moltitudine di ecclesiastici — maxima turba cleri-corum, scrisse lo storico di
quelle vicende, Vittore di Vita (Hist. persec. Afric. prov.) — fu costretta a
lasciare la terra natale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Spogliati di tutto, furono posti su imbarcazioni assai precarie, ma alcuni
riuscirono a salvarsi miracolosamente e ad approdare sulla costa napoletana,
accolti con premurosa sollecitudine dal vescovo Nostriano. Tra i profughi
furono i ss. vescovi Gaudioso di Abitine e Quodvultdeus di Cartagine.
Quest'ultimo, dimorando in Napoli, smascherò la propaganda che del
pelagianesimo faceva « non lontano da Napoli » Floro, imbevuto anche di
manicheismo. Quasi certamente Floro è lo stesso vescovo pelagiano, condannato
nel concilio di Efeso (431) assieme a Celestio, Pelagio e Giuliano d'Eclano e
che rivolse premure allo stesso Giuliano perché riprendesse la penna contro s.
Agostino per confutare il II libro del De Nuptiis et concupi-scentia. Pare che
si fosse stabilito a Miseno, giacché predicava e praticava cose illecite
attribuendosi il merito e la virtù di s. Sosso, un martire venerato appunto in
quella cittadina flegrea.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 1. V del De promissionibus et praedictioni-bus Dei, che si attribuisce
ormai a Quodvultdeus, si narra che il vescovo di Napoli mandò il proprio «
germano » — evidentemente magistrato della città — il prete Herio ed altri
chierici ad arrestare ed espellere il predicatore eretico.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nostriano si rese, inoltre, benemerito verso la propria città per un'opera di
pubblica utilità: le terme ad uso del clero e dei fedeli, costruite nella
regione augustale, nelle immediate adiacenze del Foro, nella via che documenti
dei secc. X-XIII chiamano vicus Nostrianus e platea Nostriana, e altri, di
epoca posteriore, S. Ianuarii ad diaconiam. In questa chiesa, detta pure di S.
Gennaro all'Olmo, i suoi resti furono trasferiti dalla catacomba di S.
Gaudioso, ove ebbero sepoltura almeno fino al sec. X.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nostriano sarebbe morto tra il 452 e il 465, dopo diciassette anni di
episcopato: tanti gliene attribuisce la Cronaca dei vescovi. Il 16 ag. 1612,
venne in luce, sotto l'altare maggiore della chiesa di S. Gennaro all'Olmo,
un'antica urna di marmo, sul cui bordo erano incise le parole: Corpus S.
Nostria-ni Episcopi. Nel lugl, del 1945 l'urna fu trasferita e sistemata nella
chiesa dei SS. Filippo e Giacomo. Sconosciuto agli antichi calendari
napoletani, Nostriano ebbe culto ufficiale dopo l'invenzione delle reliquie. Il
Calendario del card. arcivescovo Decio Carafa, del 1619, ne fissava la festa al
16 ag., ma nel 1633 il nome di Nostriano era già scomparso dal calendario
diocesano. La festa fu ripristinata al 14 febb. per la sola diocesi di Napoli,
con decreto della S. Congregazione dei Riti del 2 magg. 1878. In quest'ultima
data Nostriano figura nel Martirologio Romano, iscrittovi in epoca recente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Domenico Ambrasi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40890">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40890</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Den hellige Nostrianus av
Napoli ( -~450)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Minnedag: <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/minnedager/?date=2024-02-14">14.
februar</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Den hellige Nostrianus
(it: Nostriano) var den femtende biskop av Napoli i Sør-Italia på 400-tallet.
Han ledet bispedømmet i sytten år og utmerket seg ved et hellig liv fylt av
dyder i en spesielt vanskelig periode. Barbarene hadde invadert det romerske
imperiet og førte med seg ødeleggelse og terror, mens ulike kjetterier satte
troen i fare. Nostrianus kjempet iherdig mot arianismen og pelagianismen.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I oktober 439 falt
Kartago i vandalenes hender, og en rekke kirkeledere ble tvunget til å forlate
hjemlandet. De la ut på havet, og noen av dem kom seg i sikkerhet over til
Italia, hvor de ble gjestfritt mottatt av Nostrianus. Blant de mest kjente er
de hellige <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/gnapoli">Gaudiosus
av Abitina</a> og <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/fvalence" title="Den hellige Valerian av Abbenza og tolv ledsagere (400-t)">Quodvultdeus
av Kartago</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostrianus døde omkring
år 450 (mellom 452 og 456?). På 900/1000-tallet ble hans jordiske rester, som
var gravlagt i Gaudiosus-katakomben, overført til kirken San Gennaro all'Olmo,
hvor de i 1612 kom for dagen under hovedalteret i en marmorurne med
innskriften Corpus S. Nostriani Episcopi. I 1965 ble urnen flyttet til
kirken SS Filippo e Giacomo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Han ble helligkåret ved
at hans kult ble stadfestet den 2. mai 1878 av pave Leo XIII (1878-1903). Hans
minnedag er 14. februar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/kilder">Kilder</a>:
Benedictines, Bunson, Index99, KIR, CSO, giornaledibrescia.it -
Kompilasjon og oversettelse: p. <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/innenriks/peodden">Per Einar Odden</a> -
Opprettet: 2000-05-14 14:02 - Sist oppdatert: 2005-12-28 17:29<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/nnapoli">https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/nnapoli</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Nostriano de
Nápoles, obispo</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_santoral&id_fecha=14-2-2024">volver
a la lista de santos</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">fecha de inscripción en
el santoral: 14 de febrero</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
†: c. 450 - país: Italia</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
canonización: Conf. Culto: León XIII 2 may 1878</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
hagiografía: Santi e Beati<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Elogio: Conmemoración
de san Nostriano, obispo de Nápoles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">refieren a este santo: <a href="https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_624">San Quodvultdeus de
Cartago</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Es el décimo quinto en la
lista episcopal de Nápoles elaborada por el diácono Juan. Se distinguió por la
defensa de su grey de las insidias de la herejía que acechaba a las puertas de
Nápoles. En octubre del 439, caída Cartago en manos de los Vándalos de
Genserico, una gran multitud de eclesiásticos («maxima turba clericorum»,
escribía el historiador de estos hechos, Víctor de Vita) fue obligada a dejar
la tierra natal. Despojados de todo, fueron puestos en precarias embarcaciones,
pero algunos que alcanzaron a salvarse milagrosamente, y se aproximaron a la
costa napolitana, fueron recibidos con gran solicitud por el obispo Nostriano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Entre los prófugos
estaban el obispo <a href="https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_3925">Gaudioso</a> de
Abitinia y <a href="https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_624">Quodvultdeus</a> de
Cartago. Este último, deteniéndose en Nápoles, desenmascaró la propaganda que
hacía del pelagianismo «no muy lejos de Nápoles» Floro, quien también estaba
embebido de maniqueísmo. Casi con seguridad, este mismo Floro fue el obispo
condenado en el Concilio de Éfeso (431) junto a Celestio, Pelagio y Julián de
Eclano. En el libro «De promissionibus et predicationibus Dei», que se atribuye
habitualmente a san Quodvultdeus, se narra que el obispo de Nápoles, es decir,
Nostriano mandó al propio «germano» -evidentemente magistrado de la ciudad-, al
sacerdote Herio y a otros clérigos a arrestar y expulsar al herético
predicador.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostriano resultó también
beneficioso para la ciudad por una obra de utilidad pública: las termas para
uso del clero y de los fieles, construidas en la región augustal, en las
inmediaciones del Foro, en el zona que documentos de los siglos X al XIII
llaman «Vicus Nostrianus» y «Platea Nostriana», y que en documentos posteriores
se pasó a llamar «S. Ianuarii ad diaconiam». A esta iglesia, llamada San
Gennaro all'Olmo, fueron trasladados sus restos hacia el siglo X desde las
catacumbas de san Gaudioso, donde habían sido sepultados.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nostriano habría muerto
entre el 452 y el 465, después de diecisiete años de episcopado, tal como le
atribuye la Crónica de los obispos. El 16 de agosto de 1612 se sacó a la luz,
bajo el altar mayor de la mencionada iglesia de San Gennaro all'Olmo, una
antigua urna de mármol, en cuyo borde estaban escritas estas palabras: «Corpus
S. Nostriani Episcopi». En julio de 1945 la urna fue trasladada y emplazada en
la iglesia de los Santos Felipe y Santiago. Desconocido por los antiguos
calendarios diocesanos, Nostriano recibió culto desde el descubrimiento de sus
reliquias. El calendario del arzobispo Decio Carafa, de 1619, fijaba la fiesta
el 16 de agosto, y en 1633 el nombre de Nostriano quedaba ya inscripto en el
calendario diocesano. La fiesta fue trasladada al 14 de febrero, sólo para la
diócesis de Nápoles, con decreto de la Sagrada Congregación de Ritos del 2 de
mayo de 1878, y recientemente fue inscripto en el Martirologio Romano. Aunque
en el decreto de confirmación de culto -como en muchos otros casos- se aceptó
su título tradicional de santo, el rango de celebración corresponde a beato, es
decir, a culto puramente local.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Traducido para ETF, con
escasos cambios, de un artículo de Domenico Ambrasi en Enciclopedia dei Santi.
El decreto de confirmación de culto puede leerse en ASS 11 (1878) pág. 256.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">fuente: <a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_578">https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_578</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-14032523091229469192024-02-12T19:05:00.000-08:002024-02-12T19:09:48.214-08:00Saint ETHELWOLD de LINDISFARNE, évêque<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://pyhiinvaeltaja.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/lindis1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="770" height="167" src="https://pyhiinvaeltaja.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/lindis1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Detail
of <a href="http://www.bl.uk/">British Library</a> Cotton MS Nero
D.IV, <a href="http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/images/zoomify/lindisfarnezoom.html">Lindisfarne
Gospels</a>, Gospel of St Matthew the Evangelist, initial page. Lindisfarne,
late VIIth or early VIIIth century.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Ethelwold<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Évêque de
Lindisfarne (+ 740)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il était compagnon
de <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/837/Saint-Cuthbert.html">saint
Cuthbert</a>, l'un des plus grands saints de l'Angleterre. Il fut prieur puis
abbé du monastère du Vieux Melrose en Ecosse et fut élu évêque de Lindisfarne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5672/Saint-Ethelwold.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5672/Saint-Ethelwold.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Ethelwald of Lindisfarne">Saint Ethelwald of
Lindisfarne</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aethelweald<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aedilauld<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ethilwald<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ethelwold<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/12-february">12
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/21-april">21
April</a> (translation of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/relics">relics</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-leather-workers">Leather
worker</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-bookbinders">bookbinder</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-monks">Monk</a>.
Assistant to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/saint-cuthbert-of-lindisfarne">Cuthbert
of Lindisfarne</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/prior">Prior</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/abbot">abbot</a> of
Old Melrose <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/monastery">monastery</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-scotland">Scotland</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/diocese-of-lindisfarne-england">Lindisfarne</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/time-line-721">721</a>.
Commissioned the famous Lindisfarne Book of Gospels, now in the British
Museum, and made its jewel-encrusted leather cover, now lost. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-writers">Wrote</a> the Hymnal
of Ethelwald.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-northumbria-england">Northumbria</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-england">England</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Died</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c.<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/time-line-740">740</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-gravediggers">buried</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/cathedral">cathedral</a> at
Lindisfarne<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/relics">relics</a> taken
to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-durham-england">Durham</a> in
the hope they would prevent <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-denmark">Danish</a> invasion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/book-of-saints-ethelwold">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/saints-of-the-day-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne-o-s-b-bishop">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=3199" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://celticsaints.org/2014/0212b.html" target="_blank">Celtic Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/features/gospels/gospels_tense_past.shtml" target="_blank">Lindisfarne Gospels</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://rcspirituality.org/st-ethelwald/" target="_blank">R C
Spirituality</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelwald_of_Lindisfarne" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/99657" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Readings</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">How Ethelwald, successor
to Cuthbert, leading a hermit’s life, calmed a tempest by his prayers when the
brethren were in danger at sea. [687-699 A.D.] The venerable Ethewald succeeded
the man of God, Cuthbert, in the exercise of a solitary life, which he spent in
the isle of Fame before he became a bishop. After he had received the
priesthood, he consecrated his office by deeds worthy of that degree for many
years in the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/monastery">monastery</a> which
is called Inhrypum. To the end that his merit and manner of life may be the
more certainly made known, I will relate one <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/miracle">miracle</a> of
his, which was told me by one of the brothers for and on whom the same was
wrought; to wit, Guthfrid, the venerable servant and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-priests">priest</a> of
Christ, who also, afterwards, as abbot, presided over the brethren of the same
church of Lindisfarne, in which he was educated. “I came,” says he, “to the
island of Fame, with two others of the brethren, desiring to speak with the
most reverend father, Ethelwald. Having been refreshed with his discourse, and
asked for his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/blessing">blessing</a>,
as we were returning home, behold on a sudden, when we were in the midst of the
sea, the fair weather in which we were sailing, was broken, and there arose so
great and terrible a tempest, that neither sails nor oars were of any use to
us, nor had we anything to expect but death. After long struggling with the
wind and waves to no effect, at last we looked back to see whether it was
possible by any means at least to return to the island whence we came, but we
found that we were on all sides alike cut off by the storm, and that there was
no hope of escape by our own efforts. But looking further, we perceived, on the
island of Fame, our <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-fathers">father</a> Ethelwald,
beloved of God, come out of his retreat to watch our course; for, hearing the
noise of the tempest and raging sea, he had come forth to see what would become
of us. When he beheld us in distress and despair, he bowed his knees to the
Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, in prayer for our life and safety; and as he
finished his prayer, he calmed the swelling water, in such sort that the
fierceness of the storm ceased on all sides, and fair winds attended us over a
smooth sea to the very shore. When we had landed, and had pulled up our small
vessel from the waves, the storm, which had ceased a short time for our sake,
presently returned, and raged furiously during the whole day; so that it
plainly appeared that the brief interval of calm had been granted by Heaven in
answer to the prayers of the man of God, to the end that we might escape.” The
man of God remained in the isle of Fame twelve years, and died there; but was
buried in the church of the blessed Apostle Peter, in the isle of Lindisfarne,
beside the bodies of the aforesaid bishops.’ These things happened in the days
of King Aldfrid, who, after his brother Egfrid, ruled the nation of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/patrons-of-northumbria-england">Northumbrians</a> for
nineteen years. – from <span class="msoIns"><ins>Bede’s Ecclesiastical
History of England</ins></span>, by The <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/venerable">Venerable</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/saint-bede" title="Venerable Bede">Bede</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We beseech Thee, Lord,
open Thy heavens, open our eyes; may Thy gifts descend to us; may our hearts
look back to Thee. May Thy throne be laid open to us, while we receive the
benefits which we implore; may our mind be laid open to Thee, while we render the
service which is enjoined to us. Look down from Heaven, O Lord, behold and
visit this vine which Thy right hand hath planted. Strengthen the weak, relieve
the contrite, confirm the strong. Build them up in love, cleanse them with
purity, enlighten them with wisdom, keep them with mercy. Lord Jesus, Good
Shepherd, who laid down Thy life for the sheep, defend the purchase of Thy
blood. Feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, seek for the lost, convert
the wandering, bind up that which is broken. Put forth Thine own hand from
Heaven, and touch the head of each one here. May they feel the touch of Thy
hand, and receive the joy of the Holy Spirit, that they may remain blessed for
evermore. Amen. – <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/saints">Saint</a> Ethelwold<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Ethelwald of
Lindisfarne“. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 June 2022. Web. 11 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-ethelwold/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – Ethelwold"><b>Book of Saints – Ethelwold</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">ETHELWOLD (Saint) Bishop
(February 2) (8th century) A disciple of Saint Cuthbert, afterwards Abbot of
Old Melrose, and for the last twenty years of his life Bishop of Lindisfarne.
He was a contemporary of Saint Bede, who speaks of him in terms of high praise.
He died A.D. 740, and later his relics were enshrined at Durham.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate.
“Ethelwold”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-ethelwold/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
17 January 2013. Web. 11 February 2024. <https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-ethelwold/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-ethelwold/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-ethelwold/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne-o-s-b-bishop/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Ethelwald of Lindisfarne, O.S.B., Bishop"><b>Saints
of the Day – Ethelwald of Lindisfarne, O.S.B., Bishop</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(also known as
Æthelweald, Aedilauld, Ethilwald, Ethelwold) Born in Northumbria; died c.740;
second feast of the translation of his relics by King Edgar to Westminster on
April 21. Ethelwald was one of Saint Cuthbert’s chief assistants. He was prior
and then abbot of Old Melrose in Scotland. On the death of Saint Edfrith,
Ethelwald succeeded to the see of Lindisfarne. His interest in Edfrith’s work
is demonstrated by his patronage of the hermit Saint Billfrith, who made at his
request a binding for it of gold and precious stones (now lost). His relics
were translated from Lindisfarne with those of Saint Cuthbert. A stone cross
bearing his name went from Lindisfarne to Durham. A compilation by him called
Ymnarius Edilwaldi may be the source of the Book of Cerne (Benedictines,
Farmer).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne-o-s-b-bishop/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
15 April 2022. Web. 11 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne-o-s-b-bishop/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne-o-s-b-bishop/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-ethelwald-of-lindisfarne-o-s-b-bishop/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Today (12 February) we
commemorate St. Ethelwold, monk and bishop of Lindisfarne (740).</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Rev Dr Baring-Gould
is unwontedly terse about St Ethelwold (or AEthelwold or Ethilwald) of
Lindisfarne, not to be confused with Ethelwold of Farne: ‘There is nothing of
much importance to relate concerning this saint, who was minister to S.
Cuthbert in Farne, afterwards abbot of Mailros, and finally bishop of
Lindisfarne. ‘<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">David Farmer is a little
more forthcoming: ‘Ethilwald (1) (Æthelweald) (d. 740), monk, bishop of
Lindisfarne. A Northumbrian who became a monk at Melrose, Ethilwald was a
disciple of Cuthbert and became prior and later abbot of Melrose. On the death
of Edfrith [Eadfrith], bishop of Lindisfarne, and scribe of the Lindisfarne
Gospels, Ethelwald was chosen as his successor. His interest in Edfrith’s work
is shown by his patronage of the hermit Billfrith, who made at his request a
binding for it of gold and precious stones (now lost). His reputation for
sanctity is shown by his relics being removed from Lindisfarne with those of
St. Cuthbert, whose peregrinations they shared. A stone cross with his name on
it also came from Lindisfarne eventually to Durham. A compilation by him called
Ymnarius Edilwaldi may be a source of the Book of Cerne. Feast: 12 February ;
translation (to Westminster by King Edgar) 21 April .’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">How to cite this entry:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Ethilwald (1)” The Oxford Dictionary of Saints. David Hugh Farmer. Oxford
University Press 2003. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
University of Oxford. 25 February 2010<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">So much for ‘nothing much
of importance’! How did the manuscript connection pass B-G by? Well, perhaps it
didn’t interest him, but it certainly interests me! I wonder if there is a (n
Orthodox) pilgrim’s guide to Britain? Say, if I were going to Durham, I would
like to know that the local saints – whether or not their relics are still
there – are, e.g. Cuthbert, Bede, Ethelwold… I recently wanted a similar list
for Winchester. I will investigate…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">More<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/lindisfarne.html">British
Library exhibition on the Lindisfarne Gospels</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/lindisfarne/tour.html">more from
the BL</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.lindisfarne.org.uk/gospels/">lindisfarne.org.uk</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.fathom.com/course/33702501/index.html">a ‘seminar’ about the
manuscript</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Holy St Ethelwold, pray
to God for us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://pyhiinvaeltaja.wordpress.com/2010/02/25/st-ethelwold-of-lindisfarne/">https://pyhiinvaeltaja.wordpress.com/2010/02/25/st-ethelwold-of-lindisfarne/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">San Ethelwold di
Lindisfarne Vescovo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/12">12 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">VII-VIII sec.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nato tra i secoli VII e
VIII, fu un discepolo di San Cutberto. Entrato nel monastero di Melrose,
divenne prima prevosto e poi abate. Nel 721, dopo la morte del vescovo
Ealfrido, fu eletto vescovo di Lindisfarne. Morì intorno all'anno 740 e fu
sepolto nella cattedrale. Le sue reliquie, insieme a quelle di San Cutberto e
altri santi, furono trasferite in Scozia nel 875, poi a Chester nel 883 e
infine a Durham nel 995.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sant’ Ethelwold
(Aediluualdus) è un vescovo vissuto tra i secoli VII-VIII.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ricordato come un discepolo di San Cutberto, si fece religioso ed entrò nel
monastero di Melrose. In questa comunità divenne prima prevosto e poi abate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 721 dopo la morte del vescovo Ealfrido è stato eletto vescovo di
Lindisfarne.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Si ritiene sia morto intorno all’anno 740.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo i suoi funerali è stato sepolto nella cattedrale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nell’anno 875, le sue reliquie, con quelle di San Cutberto e altri santi,
furono trasferite in Scozia. Tredici anni dopo, nel 883 le reliquie furono
portate dapprima a Chester e poi nell’anno 995 a Durham.<br />
Anche se non si conosce alcuna festa per questo santo vescovo, in alcuni
martirologi la sua memoria è fissata nel giorno 12 febbraio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Mauro Bonato<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/99657">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/99657</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi </b>: <a href="https://heavyangloorthodox.blogspot.com/2019/02/holy-hierarchs-finan-colman-and-elwold.html">https://heavyangloorthodox.blogspot.com/2019/02/holy-hierarchs-finan-colman-and-elwold.html</a></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-3699241331449532782024-02-11T06:28:00.000-08:002024-02-11T06:28:34.170-08:00Bienheureuse HÉLOÏSE de COULOMBS, ermite bénédictine<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkYuXsabQJF4UsXedLXTdDKj8qLEvM7arz2vnxPxUy_I4SxCjEeJs2WwwfeqtcmOX4nIqExmHhvQLDqR8pe90nk26Pm4t4sL35W5hpTH4zc7WrdhdgWqywIrrm9qnmWmysELQn8iCdfcMBIwHSklliwZpmTymPramjwGPhGjJepUfl4Y2YG9kqLU7mzqYH" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="438" data-original-width="349" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkYuXsabQJF4UsXedLXTdDKj8qLEvM7arz2vnxPxUy_I4SxCjEeJs2WwwfeqtcmOX4nIqExmHhvQLDqR8pe90nk26Pm4t4sL35W5hpTH4zc7WrdhdgWqywIrrm9qnmWmysELQn8iCdfcMBIwHSklliwZpmTymPramjwGPhGjJepUfl4Y2YG9kqLU7mzqYH=w255-h320" width="255" /></a> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Héloïse<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Ermite
bénédictine (+ v. 1066)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Helwisa ou Helvise.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Recluse française sous l'obédience de l'abbaye bénédictine de Coulombs, en
Normandie.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dans l'église Saint Chéron de Coulombs (Eure-et-Loire), un vitrail à droite
représente sainte Helvise avec ses offrandes et sa cellule le long du mur de
l’abbaye en arrière plan et un reliquaire en forme de buste contient ses
reliques.<br />
<br />
'Sainte Helvise est la sainte patronne de la paroisse de Coulombs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Elle fut en premières noces l’épouse de Hugues dit tête d’ours, seigneur de
Saint-André-de-la Marche (aujourd’hui Saint-André-de-l’Eure) et belle-sœur du
comte Galeran Ier de Meulan. Devenue veuve, elle se remaria au chevalier
d’Azzolin qui mourut en terre sainte laissant deux fils qui se firent moines à
Coulombs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Après ce second veuvage, elle fit construire une cellule près de l’abbaye de
Coulombs où elle finit ses jours. Ses généreuses donations à l’église et celles
du comte Galeran expliquent les possessions de l’abbaye dans l’Eure et dans les
Yvelines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le reliquaire de Saint Helvise est conservé dans l’église de Coulombs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/9915/Bienheureuse-H%C3%A9lo%C3%AFse.html#:~:text=Elle%20fut%20en%20premi%C3%A8res%20noces,se%20firent%20moines%20%C3%A0%20Coulombs">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/9915/Bienheureuse-H%C3%A9lo%C3%AFse.html#:~:text=Elle%20fut%20en%20premi%C3%A8res%20noces,se%20firent%20moines%20%C3%A0%20Coulombs</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Héloïse :
vie religieuse et prière</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bienheureuse
Héloïse, (XIème siècle), aussi nommée “<a href="https://hozana.org/saints">sainte
Helvise</a>”, par abus de langage, était l’épouse de Hugues II de Meulan,
puis du chevalier Alexandre, dit d’Azzolin, avant de terminer sa vie
recluse dans une cellule sous l’obédience de l’abbaye de Coulombs.
La <a href="https://hozana.org/saints/bienheureux">bienheureuse</a> est
fêtée le 11 février, en même temps que <a href="https://hozana.org/miracles-et-apparitions/apparitions-mariales/lourdes">Notre-Dame
de Lourdes</a> et <a href="https://hozana.org/saints/saint-blaise">saint
Blaise de Sébaste</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Biographie de
bienheureuse Héloïse</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">On sait peu de choses sur
la jeunesse de bienheureuse Héloïse. En revanche, on connait sa vie de femme
mariée, à deux reprises. Héloïse était une femme de la noblesse, du XIème
siècle, mariée en premières noces à Hugues II de Meulan, dit Tête
d’Ours, vicomte de Vexin et seigneur de Saint-André-de-la-Marche (aujourd’hui
Saint-André-de-l’Eure). Malheureusement, il meurt en 1033 et laisse
la bienheureuse sans enfant. Après avoir hérité des biens de son défunt
époux, Héloïse se remarie avec Alexandre, aussi appelé le chevalier
Azzolin. Ils ont plusieurs enfants ensemble, dont deux garçons qui entrent dans
les ordres. L’un des deux, Godefroy (ou Godefroi) devint même l’abbé de
l’abbaye de Coulombs. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bienheureuse Héloïse dû
affronter un nouveau malheur lorsque son second époux Alexandre mourut
lors d’une croisade en Terre Sainte.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Souhaitant quitter
la vie séculière, la veuve lègue toutes ses richesses, à l’abbaye de Coulombs,
rattachée au diocèse de Chartres (en Eure-et-Loir). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bienheureuse Héloïse
était une femme d’une grande piété, qui avait élevé ses enfants dans
la foi et qui donc, naturellement, résolu à terminer sa vie consacrée au
Seigneur. Elle fait alors construire, près de l’abbaye où vivent deux de
ses fils, une cellule dans laquelle elle vit, recluse, jusqu’à son décès,
le 10 (ou le 11 selon les sources) février 1066. Héloïse respectait
scrupuleusement <a href="https://hozana.org/saints/saint-benoit/benedictins">la règle </a>de <a href="https://hozana.org/saints/saint-benoit">saint Benoît </a>à laquelle
l’abbaye était consacrée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est en 1066 que
l’abbaye de Coulombs reçoit en héritage de la part de la bienheureuse
toutes ses propriétés de Lainville, Lesseville, Montalet-le-Bois,
Montreuil-sur-Epte, Meulan et Jambville.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Les reliques d’Héloïse
reposent au sein de l’église paroissiale Saint-Chéron de Coulombs (dans la
vallée de l’Eure), dans un reliquaire en forme de buste. Elle figure également
sur un vitrail de cette même église, avec ses offrandes et une représentation
de sa cellule.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Deux magnifiques prières
bénédictines<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Prière bénédictine sur la
rencontre avec le Seigneur <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">« Jésus Crucifié,
qui es-tu ?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">J’ai entendu dire que tu
es l’amour de Dieu rendu visible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mais quand je regarde le
crucifix, je vois un homme torturé, victime de la haine et de la violence,
comme il y en a, hélas, tant dans le monde.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jésus, tu es le Fils de
Dieu, le Tout-Puissant, tu es venu sauver les hommes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">J’aurais voulu que tu
mettes fin à toutes les souffrances au lieu de t’y plonger.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mais je le sais, les
pensées des hommes ne sont pas les pensées de Dieu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jésus Crucifié, aide-moi
à entrer dans le dessein d’amour de ton Père.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tu as aimé les tiens
jusqu’à l’extrême, et tu as donné ta vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tu t’es laissé clouer sur
une croix, tu as laissé ouvrir ton cœur par un coup de lance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aide-moi à comprendre que
ton amour pour ton Père et pour chaque homme a été si grand, si divin, que, par
l’amour du Père, tu es ressuscité.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tu es vivant, tu as
vaincu la mort, tu es source de vie et de joie pour toute l’humanité.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jésus, avec ton corps qui
porte les marques de la croix, tu es maintenant assis à la droite du Père dans
la gloire, tu intercèdes pour nous.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tu restes solidaire de ce
monde qui est encore dans les douleurs de l’enfantement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Désormais, l’espoir est
offert à chaque homme, en toute circonstance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jésus Crucifié, tu as
frayé le chemin vers le Père en donnant ta vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est le chemin
pascal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tu nous proposes de le
parcourir à ta suite pour que la surabondance de ton amour se répande sur le
monde à travers nous, pour que le monde ait la vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ton amour
m’appelle. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Oui, je veux te suivre et
être configurée à toi sur ce chemin pascal qui mène de la mort à la vie. Ta
joie sera ma force.»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Prière bénédictine sur
l’amour de Dieu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">« Ô mon Dieu et mon
unique Bien ! Mon cœur est plein de joie, parce que Vous venez de me faire
comprendre que tout est Amour, qu’en dehors de l’Amour, il n’y a rien. Oui,
Jésus ! Mon âme le comprend pratiquement, et désormais ne vivra plus que par
l’Amour… Pour me jeter plus entièrement sous la direction du Saint-Esprit, je
ne veux plus qu’aimer en tout et partout. Amen. » <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Moine bénédictin Pie de
Hemptinne <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Continuez votre prière<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://hozana.org/saints/bienheureuse-heloise">https://hozana.org/saints/bienheureuse-heloise</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Coulombs<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Héloïse veille sur le
village et son église</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Coulombs. Saint
Héloïse, bienheureuse patronne de Coulombs. C’était sa fête vendredi,
Héloïse est la sainte patronne de la paroisse de Coulombs, comme le rappelle
l’historien du village, Roger Tempête. La bienheureuse Héloïse de Coulombs (ou
Helvise) est une ermite française du XI e siècle qui vécut sous
l’obédience de l’abbaye bénédictine de Coulombs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Née en Eure-et-Loir,
Héloïse épouse en premières noces le comte Hugues II de Meulan (seigneur de
Saint-André-de-l’Eure) dont elle n’a pas d’enfants. Veuve, elle épouse le
Chevalier d’Azzolin qui meurt en terre sainte la laissant seule avec deux fils.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ils deviennent tous les
deux moines à Coulombs. L’un d’eux, Godefroy, est même l’abbé de Coulombs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Héloïse, quant à elle, se
fait construire une modeste cellule près de l’abbaye pour finir ses jours. Les
archives évoquent son décès le 10 février 1032.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Des reliques et un
vitrail</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1066 l’abbaye reçoit,
en héritage, ses propriétés de Lainville, Lesseville, Montalet-le-Bois,
Montreuil-sur-Epte, Meulan et Jambville. Elle est considérée comme bienheureuse
par l’Église catholique romaine, et célébrée le 11 février.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">L’église paroissiale
Saint-Chéron de Coulombs détient ses reliques dans un reliquaire en forme de
buste. Héloïse figure également sur un vitrail, avec ses offrandes <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.lechorepublicain.fr/coulombs-28210/loisirs/heloise-veille-sur-le-village-et-son-eglise_14085828/">https://www.lechorepublicain.fr/coulombs-28210/loisirs/heloise-veille-sur-le-village-et-son-eglise_14085828/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Helwisa"><b>Blessed Helwisa</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Elisa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eloisa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Heloise<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Helvisa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/11-february">11 February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Born to the French
nobility. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/matrimony">Married</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/patrons-of-counts">Count</a> Hugh
of Meulan. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/patrons-of-widows">Widowed</a>.
Donated a large part of her inheritance to the nearby <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/benedictines">Benedictine</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/abbey">abbey</a> of
Notre-Dame in Coulombs, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/patrons-of-france">France</a>.
She <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/matrimony">married</a> again
but was soon <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/patrons-of-widows">widowed</a> a
second time and decided to renounce all worldly life. She spent the rest of her
days as an <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/anchoress">anchoress</a> in
a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/cell">cell</a> attached
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/basilica">basilica</a> and
under the spiritual direction of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/abbey">abbey</a> in
Coulombs, but never joined the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/benedictines">Order</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">c.<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/time-line-1060">1060</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/relics">relics</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/shrine">enshrined</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/abbey">abbey</a> at
Coulombs, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/patrons-of-france">France</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/saints-of-the-day-helwisa-of-coulombs-o-s-b-virgin">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40500" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Helwisa“. CatholicSaints.Info.
18 September 2023. Web. 11 February 2024. <https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-helwisa/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-helwisa-of-coulombs-o-s-b-virgin/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Helwisa of Coulombs, O.S.B., Virgin"><b>Saints
of the Day – Helwisa of Coulombs, O.S.B., Virgin</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Died after 1066. Helwisa
was a recluse under the obedience of the Benedictine abbey of Coulombs in
Normandy (Benedictines).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-helwisa-of-coulombs-o-s-b-virgin/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
15 April 2022. Web. 11 February 2024. <https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-helwisa-of-coulombs-o-s-b-virgin/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-helwisa-of-coulombs-o-s-b-virgin/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-helwisa-of-coulombs-o-s-b-virgin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Helwisa of Coulombus<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>February 11, Blessed</b><br /><br />
Source: Catholicsaints.info<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Etymology: From the
Old French name Héloïse, which is probably from the Germanic name Helewidis,
composed of the elements heil "hale, healthy" and wid
"wide".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
Died: c.1060 of natural causes. Her relics enshrined in the abbey at
Coulombs, France<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Also known as</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
• Elisa</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
• Eloisa</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
• Heloise</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
• Helvisa<br /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">PROFILE</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Born to the French nobility. Married to Count Hugh of Meulan. Widowed. Donated
a large part of her inheritance to the nearby Benedictine abbey of Notre-Dame
in Coulombs, France. She married again but was soon widowed a second time and
decided to renounce all worldly life. She spent the rest of her days as an
anchoress in a cell attached the basilica and under the spiritual direction of
the abbey in Coulombs, but never joined the Order.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholic.net/op/articles/2150/cat/1205/bl-helwisa-of-coulombus-.html">https://catholic.net/op/articles/2150/cat/1205/bl-helwisa-of-coulombus-.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Elisa (o
Eloisa)</b> Reclusa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/11">11 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">† 1060 circa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nobile di origine
francese, fu moglie del conte Ugo di Meulan e poi di un altro uomo. Donna
religiosa e pia, donò parte dei suoi beni all'abbazia benedettina di Coulombs.
Dopo la morte del secondo marito, si ritirò in clausura nella stessa abbazia,
dove visse in preghiera e meditazione fino alla sua morte, avvenuta prima del
1060. Fu sepolta nella cripta dell'abbazia, ma la sua tomba fu persa nel XVII
secolo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Etimologia: Eloisa
(come Luigi, di cui è femminile) = derivato da Clodoveo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Appartenente ad una nobile
famiglia francese, Elisa (Eloisa, lat. Helvisa) fu moglie del conte Ugo di
Meulan, detto "Testa d'orsa", del quale però rimase ben presto
vedova. Donna religiosissima e di grande pietà, donò una considerevole parte
dei beni ereditati dal marito all'abbazia benedettina di Notre-Dame di Coulombs
(presso Nogent-le-Roi, nella diocesi di Chartres), il cui abate Berengario
ricevette da lei nel 1033 le due chiese parrocchiali di Lainville e di
Montreuil-sur-Epte, con le relative rendite e metà delle terre annesse, come
risulta dall'atto di cessione, confermato in quello stesso anno dal conte
Galerano di Meulan, il quale aveva in feudo quelle chiese.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Perduto anche il secondo marito, Eloisa decise di rinunciare al mondo per
sempre, ritirandosi a condurre vita religiosa nella stessa abbazia di Coulombs,
a cui donò ancora, senza tener conto dei nipoti, figli del fratello Erluino, le
terre e la chiesa di Anthieux, nella diocesi di Evreux, il cui possesso da
parte dei monaci venne confermato da Guglielmo, duca di Normandia, solo nel
1066, allorché i beni furono restituiti all'abbazia da Riccardo, nipote di
Eloisa, il quale li-aveva rivendicati, dopo la morte della zia, occupandoli con
la forza.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
A Coulombs Eloisa si fece costruire un'angusta celletta, a ridossa del muro della
basilica, dove si rinchiuse per sempre, rimanendovi forse murata sino al giorno
della sua morte, avvenuta in concetto di santità prima del 1060. Il Mabillon
indica il 10 febbraio, festività di s. Scolastica, come giorno del suo felice
transito, che avvenne in realtà l'8 gennaio, come chiaramente risulta
dall'Obituario della cattedrale di Chartres, dove infatti si può leggere:
"VI idus Januarii. Obiit Helvisa sanotissime memorie reclusa". Già
nel sec. XVII si era persa ogni traccia della tomba di s. Eloisa, della quale,
tuttavia, si conservava ancora il teschio tra le altre reliquie custodite nel
tesoro dell'abbazia. La sua festa si celebra l'11 febbraio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Niccolò Del Re<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40500">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40500</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-55876386678964568852024-02-10T08:41:00.000-08:002024-02-10T09:01:09.719-08:00Bienheureuse EUSEBIA PALOMINO YENES, vierge religieuse des Filles de Marie Auxiliatrice et catéchiste<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="503" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes.jpg" width="201" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beata_Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes" title="Beata Eusebia Palomino Yenes">Beata Eusebia Palomino Yenes</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Eusébie
Palomino Yenes<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Religieuse fille de Marie
Auxiliatrice (+ 1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eusebia Palomino Yenes
(1899-1935), religieuse espagnole des Filles de Marie Auxiliatrice, qui
s'offrit pour l'Espagne au début de la guerre civile, béatifiée le 25 avril
2004.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
"Le Seigneur dit à Pierre de manière ferme et catégorique:
'Suis-moi'. Sœur Eusebia Palomino, des Filles de Marie Auxiliatrice, entendit
elle aussi un jour l'appel de Dieu et elle y répondit à travers une intense
spiritualité et une profonde humilité dans sa vie quotidienne. En bonne
salésienne, elle était animée par l'amour pour l'Eucharistie et la Vierge. Pour
elle, l'important était d'aimer et de servir; le reste ne comptait pas, fidèle
à la maxime salésienne du "da mihi animas, caetera tolle"(*).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Par la radicalité et la cohérence de ses choix, Sœur Eusebia Palomino Yenes
trace un chemin de sainteté fascinant et exigeant pour nous tous et en
particulier pour les jeunes de notre époque."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
(*) "Donne-moi des âmes, et prends tout le reste" d'après le livre de
la Genèse, 14, 21: Le roi de Sodome dit à Abram: "Donne-moi les personnes,
et prends les biens pour toi".</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_fr.html" target="_blank">Biographie</a> - site du Vatican - <a href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications_fr.html" target="_blank">homélie du pape Jean-Paul II</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Valverde del Camino, près de Huelva en Andalousie, l'an 1935, la bienheureuse
Eusébie Palomino Yenes, vierge, des Filles de Marie Auxiliatrice, qui donna un
bel exemple d'humilité, sans la moindre recherche d'ostentation, à accomplir
dans un esprit d'abnégation les plus infimes besognes.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/11439/Bienheureuse-Eus%C3%A9bie-Palomino-Yenes.html#:~:text=Eusebia%20Palomino%20Yenes%20(1899%2D1935,b%C3%A9atifi%C3%A9e%20le%2025%20avril%202004">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/11439/Bienheureuse-Eus%C3%A9bie-Palomino-Yenes.html#:~:text=Eusebia%20Palomino%20Yenes%20(1899%2D1935,b%C3%A9atifi%C3%A9e%20le%2025%20avril%202004</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Eusebia Palomino
Yenes (1899-1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eusebia Palomino Yenes naquit
le 15 décembre 1899 à Cantalpino, dans la province de Salamanque (Espagne) dans
une famille très pauvre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A douze ans elle partit à
Salamanque avec sa grande soeur pour y travailler comme bonne d'enfants. Là,
les Filles de Marie Auxiliatrice lui demandèrent d'apporter son aide à la
communauté. Elle nourrissait le souhait secret de se consacrer entièrement au
Seigneur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 5 août 1924, elle
commença son noviciat, alternant étude, prière et travail au service de la
communauté. Elle prononça ses voeux religieux en 1924, puis fut envoyée dans la
maison de Valverde del Camino, petite ville à l'extrême sud-ouest de l'Espagne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les petites filles du
patronage furent rapidement captivées par sa foi simple. Les deux pôles de sa
spiritualité furent l'Amour miséricordieux du Christ, révélé à sainte Faustine
Kowalska, et la "vrai dévotion mariale" de saint Louis Grignon de
Montfort.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Au début des années 30,
au moment des troubles de la guerre civile, elle s'offrit au Seigneur comme
victime pour le salut de l'Espagne. En août 1932, elle tomba gravement malade,
et des visions sanglantes des événements qui déchiraient l'Espagne aggravèrent
encore ses maux physiques. Le médecin était désemparé devant sa maladie, dont
il ne comprenait pas les causes. Cela n'entama pas la force morale de la
bienheureuse ni sa lucidité.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Elle mourut dans la nuit
du 9 au 10 février 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_fr.html">https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_fr.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CHAPELLE PAPALE POUR LA BÉATIFICATION
DE 6 SERVITEURS DE DIEU<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>HOMÉLIE DU PAPE JEAN-PAUL
II</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Troisième dimanche de
Pâques</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
25 avril 2004<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. "Ils
savaient que c'était le Seigneur" (cf. Jn 21, 12):
c'est ainsi que l'évangéliste Jean exprime la réaction de joie des disciples
lorsqu'ils reconnurent le Seigneur ressuscité. Jésus se manifeste à eux après
une nuit de travail dur et infructueux sur le lac de Tibériade. Confiants dans
sa parole, ces derniers jettent leurs filets dans l'eau et ramènent sur la rive
une "grande quantité de poissons" (cf. Jn 21, 6).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Comme les apôtres, nous
restons nous aussi stupéfaits face à la richesse des merveilles que Dieu
accomplit dans le coeur de ceux qui croient en lui. Au cours de la célébration
eucharistique d'aujourd'hui, nous contemplons ce qu'Il a réalisé chez six
nouveaux bienheureux: le prêtre <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_fr.html">August
Czartoryski</a>; quatre religieuses: <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_fr.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_fr.html">María
Guadalupe García Zavala</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_fr.html">Nemesia
Valle</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_fr.html">Eusebia
Palomino Yenes</a>; une laïque, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_fr.html">Alexandrina
Maria da Costa</a>. Ce sont des exemples éloquents de la façon dont le Seigneur
transforme l'existence des croyants, lorsqu'ils ont confiance en Lui.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. "Que tes
demeures sont désirables, Yahvé Sabaot! Mon âme soupire et languit, après les
parvis de Yahvé... Mieux vaut un jour en tes parvis que mille à ma guise" (Ps 84/83,
2.11). Telles sont les paroles du Psaume que le bienheureux August Czartoryski
a retranscrites comme devise de vie sur l'image pieuse de sa première Messe.
Dans celles-ci est contenue la réponse d'un homme qui, suivant la voix de
l'appel, découvre la beauté du ministère sacerdotal. Dans celles-ci retentit
l'écho des divers choix que doit effectuer quiconque découvre la volonté de
Dieu et désire l'accomplir. August Czartoryski, jeune prince, a élaboré une
méthode efficace de discernement des desseins divins. Il présentait à Dieu dans
la prière toutes les questions et les perplexités de fond, puis, dans un esprit
d'obéissance, il suivait les conseils de ses guides spirituels. C'est ainsi
qu'il a compris sa vocation à entreprendre une vie pauvre pour servir les plus
petits. La même méthode lui a permis, au cours de toute sa vie, d'accomplir des
choix tels, que nous pouvons aujourd'hui dire qu'il a réalisé de manière
héroïque les desseins de la Providence Divine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Je désire en particulier
proposer l'exemple de sa sainteté aux jeunes, qui cherchent aujourd'hui la
façon de déchiffrer la volonté de Dieu concernant leur vie et qui désirent
chaque jour marcher fidèlement en suivant la Parole divine. Mes chers jeunes
amis, apprenez du bienheureux August à demander ardemment dans la prière la
lumière de l'Esprit Saint et des guides sages, afin de pouvoir connaître le
dessein divin de votre vie et d'être capables de toujours marcher sur la voie
de la sainteté.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. "Or, le
matin déjà venu, Jésus se tint sur le rivage; pourtant les disciples ne
savaient pas que c'était Jésus" (Jn 21, 4). Il existe la
possibilité que l'homme ne connaisse pas le Seigneur, malgré ses multiples
manifestations au cours de l'histoire. Mère Laura
Montoya, constatant que de nombreuses populations autochtones, loin des
centres urbains, vivaient sans connaître Dieu, décida de fonder la Congrégation
des Missionnaires de Marie Immaculée et de Sainte-Catherine de Sienne, afin
d'apporter la lumière de l'Evangile aux habitants des forêts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cette bienheureuse
colombienne se sentit la mère spirituelle des
autochtones, auxquels elle désira révéler l'amour de Dieu. Son
époque ne fut pas une période facile, car les tensions sociales ensanglantaient
également sa noble patrie. En nous inspirant de son message pacificateur, nous
lui demandons aujourd'hui que la bien-aimée Colombie puisse jouir au plus tôt
de la paix, de la justice et du progrès intégral.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. Dans l'Evangile,
nous avons écouté la triple question de Jésus à Pierre: "M'aimes-tu?".
Le Christ adresse cette même question aux hommes et aux femmes de chaque
époque. Les chrétiens doivent répondre avec fermeté et promptitude aux projets
qu'Il possède pour chacun de nous. C'est ce qui se produisit dans la vie de la
bienheureuse Guadalupe García Zavala, mexicaine, qui renonça au mariage et
se consacra au service des plus pauvres, des indigents et des malades, et qui
fonda dans ce but la Congrégation des Servantes de Sainte-Marguerite Marie
et des Pauvres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Avec une foi profonde,
une espérance sans fin et un grand amour pour le Christ, Mère Lupita rechercha
sa propre sanctification à travers l'amour pour le Coeur de Jésus et la
fidélité à l'Eglise. C'est de cette façon qu'elle vécut la devise qu'elle
laissa à ses filles: "La charité jusqu'au sacrifice et la
constance jusqu'à la mort".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. "Manifester
l'amour de Dieu aux petits, aux pauvres, à chaque homme, en chaque lieu de la
terre": tel a été l'engagement de la bienheureuse Nemesia Valle au
cours de toute son existence. C'est cet enseignement qu'elle laisse en
particulier à ses consoeurs, les Soeurs de la Charité de Sainte Jeanne-Antide
Thouret, ainsi qu'aux fidèles de l'archidiocèse de Turin. Elle est l'exemple
d'une sainteté lumineuse, tendue vers les hauts sommets de la perfection
évangélique, et qui se traduit à travers les gestes simples de la vie quotidienne
entièrement consacrée à Dieu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La nouvelle bienheureuse
continue à nous répéter à tous: "La sainteté ne
consiste pas à accomplir beaucoup de choses ou à accomplir de grandes choses...
le saint est celui qui se prodigue à sa propre place chaque jour, pour le
Seigneur".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. Le Seigneur dit à
Pierre de manière ferme et catégorique: "Suis-moi". Soeur
Eusebia Palomino, des Filles de Marie Auxiliatrice, entendit elle aussi un jour
l'appel de Dieu et elle y répondit à travers une intense spiritualité et une
profonde humilité dans sa vie quotidienne. En bonne salésienne, elle était
animée par l'amour pour l'Eucharistie et la Vierge. Pour elle, l'important
était d'aimer et de servir; le reste ne comp-tait pas, fidèle à la maxime
salésienne du "da mihi animas, caetera tolle".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Par la radicalité et la
cohérence de ses choix, Soeur Eusebia Palomino Yenes trace un chemin de
sainteté fascinant et exigeant pour nous tous et en particulier pour les jeunes
de notre époque.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. "M'aimes-tu?" -
demande Jésus à Simon-Pierre. Celui-ci répond: "Oui, Seigneur,
tu sais que je t'aime". La vie de la bienheureuse Alexandrina Maria da
Costa peut se résumer dans ce dialogue d'amour. Touchée et enflammée par ce
désir d'amour, elle ne voulut jamais rien refuser à son Sauveur:
possédant une grande volonté, elle accepta tout pour montrer qu'elle l'aimait.
Epouse de sang, elle revécut de façon mystique la passion du Christ et s'offrit
elle-même comme victime pour les pécheurs, recevant la force de l'Eucharistie
qui devint l'unique nourriture des treize dernières années de sa vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans le sillage de la
bienheureuse Alexandrina, exprimé dans les trois mots "souffrir, aimer,
racheter", les chrétiens peuvent trouver un encouragement et une
motivation pour ennoblir tout ce que la vie possède de douloureux et de triste
comme plus grande preuve d'amour: sacrifier sa vie pour ceux qu'on aime.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. "Oui,
Seigneur, tu sais que je t'aime" (Jn 21, 15). Comme Pierre,
comme les Apôtres sur les rives du lac de Tibériade, ces nouveaux bienheureux
ont eux aussi repris, en allant jusqu'à ses conséquences les plus extrêmes,
cette profession de foi et d'amour simple mais incisive. L'amour pour le Christ
est le secret de la sainteté!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Très chers frères et
soeurs, suivons l'exemple de ces bienheureux! Comme eux, offrons un témoignage
cohérent de foi et d'amour dans la présence vivante et agissante du Christ
Ressuscité!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Come gli apostoli, anche
noi restiamo stupiti dinanzi alla ricchezza delle meraviglie che Iddio compie
nel cuore di quanti in lui confidano. Nel corso dell’odierna Celebrazione
eucaristica contempliamo quanto Egli ha realizzato in sei nuovi Beati: nel
presbitero <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_it.html">Augusto
Czartoryski</a>; in quattro religiose: <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_it.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_it.html">María
Guadalupe García Zavala</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_it.html">Nemesia
Valle</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_it.html">Eusebia
Palomino Yenes</a>; in una laica, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_it.html">Alexandrina
Maria da Costa</a>. Sono esempi eloquenti di come il Signore trasformi
l’esistenza dei credenti, quando ci si fida di Lui.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Przykład jego świętości
pragnę pozostawić szczególnie ludziom młodym, którzy dziś szukają sposobu na
odkrywanie woli Bożej odnośnie do ich życia i pragną wiernie podążać każdego
dnia za głosem Bożym. Moi drodzy młodzi przyjaciele, uczcie się od
błogosławionego Augusta gorąco prosić na modlitwie o światło Ducha Świętego i o
mądrych przewodników, abyście mogli poznawać Boży plan waszego życia i byście
zdołali zawsze kroczyć drogą świętości.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">["Quanto sono
amabili le tue dimore, Signore degli eserciti! L’anima mia languisce e brama
gli atri del Signore… Per me un giorno nei tuoi atri è più che mille
altrove" (Sal 84/83/, 2.11). Queste parole del Salmo ha scritto come motto
di vita sull’immaginetta della prima Messa il beato <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_it.html">Augusto
Czartoryski</a>. In esse è contenuto il rapimento di un uomo che, seguendo la
voce della chiamata, scopre la bellezza del ministero sacerdotale. Risuona in
esse l’eco delle diverse scelte che deve fare chiunque scorge la volontà di Dio
e desidera compierla. Augusto Czartoryski, giovane principe, ha elaborato un
efficace metodo di discernimento dei disegni divini. Presentava a Dio nella
preghiera tutte le domande e le perplessità di fondo e poi nello spirito di obbedienza
seguiva i consigli delle sue guide spirituali. Così ha compreso la sua
vocazione di intraprendere la vita povera per servire i più piccoli. Lo stesso
metodo gli ha permesso, nel corso di tutta la vita, di compiere scelte tali,
che oggi possiamo dire che egli ha realizzato i disegni della Provvidenza
Divina in modo eroico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Voglio lasciare l’esempio
della sua santità soprattutto ai giovani, che oggi cercano il modo di decifrare
la volontà di Dio nei riguardi della loro vita e desiderano ogni giorno procedere
fedelmente secondo la parola divina. Miei cari giovani amici, imparate dal
beato Augusto a chiedere ardentemente nella preghiera la luce dello Spirito
Santo e guide sagge, affinché possiate conoscere il piano divino nella vostra
vita e siate capaci di camminare sempre sulla via della santità.]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. "Estaba ya
amaneciendo cuando Jesús se presentó en la orilla; pero los discípulos no
sabían que era Jesús" (Jn, 21,4). Es una posibilidad para el hombre no
conocer al Señor, a pesar de múltiples manifestaciones a lo largo de la
historia. La Madre <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_sp.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, viendo cómo tantos indígenas, lejos de los centros urbanos, vivían
desconociendo a Dios, se decidió a fundar la Congregación de las
Misioneras de María Inmaculada y Santa Catalina de Siena, para llevar la luz
del Evangelio a los habitantes de las selvas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Esta Beata colombiana se
sintió madre espiritual de los indígenas, a los que quiso mostrar el amor de
Dios. Sus tiempos no fueron fáciles, pues las tensiones sociales ensangrentaban
también entonces su noble patria. Inspirándonos en su mensaje pacificador, le
pedimos hoy que la amada Colombia goce pronto de paz, de justicia y de progreso
integral.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">["Quando già era
l'alba Gesù si presentò sulla riva, ma i discepoli non si erano accorti che era
Gesù" (Gv 21, 4).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
È possibile per l'uomo non conoscere il Signore, nonostante le sue molteplici
manifestazioni nel corso della storia. Madre <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_it.html">Laura
Montoya</a> vedendo come tanti indigeni, lontani dai centri urbani,
vivevano senza conoscere Dio, decise di fondare la Congregazione delle Suore
Missionarie di Maria Immacolata e di Santa Caterina da Siena, al fine di
portare la luce del Vangelo agli abitanti delle selve.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Questa Beata colombiana si sentì madre spirituale degli indigeni, ai quali ha
voluto mostrare l'amore di Dio. I suoi tempi non furono facili, poiché le tensioni
sociali insanguinavano anche allora la sua nobile patria. Ispirandoci al suo
messaggio pacificatore, le chiediamo oggi che l'amata Colombia possa presto
godere della pace, della giustizia e del progresso integrale.]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. En el Evangelio hemos
escuchado la triple pregunta de Jesús a Pedro: "¿Me amas?". Esta
misma pregunta Cristo dirige a los hombres y mujeres de todas las épocas. Los
cristianos deben responder con firmeza y prontitud a los proyectos que Él tiene
sobre cada uno. Así sucedió en la vida de la Beata <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_sp.html">Guadalupe
García Zavala</a>, mexicana, que renunciando al matrimonio, se dedicó al
servicio de los más pobres, necesitados y enfermos, y fundó por eso la Congregación
de las Siervas de Santa Margarita María y de los Pobres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Con una fe profunda, una
esperanza sin límites y un gran amor a Cristo, Madre Lupita buscó la propia
santificación desde el amor al Corazón de Jesús y la fidelidad a la Iglesia. De
este modo vivió el lema que dejó a sus hijas: "Caridad hasta el sacrificio
y constancia hasta la muerte".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[Nel Vangelo abbiamo
ascoltato la triplice domanda di Gesù a Pietro: "Mi ami?".
Questa stessa domanda Cristo la rivolge agli uomini e alle donne di tutte le
epoche. I cristiani devono rispondere con fermezza e prontezza ai progetti che
Egli ha su ciascuno di noi. Così accadde nella vita della Beata <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_it.html">Guadalupe
García Zavala</a>, messicana, che rinunciando al matrimonio, si dedicò al
servizio dei più poveri, dei bisognosi e degli infermi, fondando a tal fine la
Congregazione delle Ancelle di Santa Margherita Maria e dei più Poveri.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Con fede profonda, speranza sconfinata e grande amore per Cristo, Madre Lupita
cercò la propria santificazione a partire dall'amore per il Cuore di Gesù e
dalla fedeltà alla Chiesa. In questo modo visse il motto che lasciò alle sue
Figlie: "Carità fino al sacrificio e costanza fino alla
morte".]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. "Manifestare
l’amore di Dio ai piccoli, ai poveri, ad ogni uomo, in ogni parte della terra":
questo è stato l’impegno della beata <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_it.html">Nemesia
Valle</a> nel corso di tutta la sua esistenza. Questo insegnamento essa
lascia particolarmente alle sue consorelle, le Suore della Carità di Santa
Giovanna Antida Thouret, come pure ai fedeli dell’Arcidiocesi di Torino. E’
l’esempio di una santità luminosa, protesa alle alte vette della perfezione
evangelica, e che si traduce nei semplici gesti della vita quotidiana
interamente spesa per Dio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La nuova Beata continua a
ripetere a noi tutti: "La santità non consiste nel fare molte cose o
nel farne di grandi … Santo è chi si consuma al proprio posto ogni giorno, per
il Signore".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. El Señor dice a Pedro
de manera decidida y tajante: "Sígueme". También <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_sp.html">Sor
Eusebia Palomino</a>, de las Hijas de María Auxiliadora, oyó un día la llamada
de Dios y respondió a través de una intensa espiritualidad y una profunda
humildad en su vida diaria. Como buena salesiana, estuvo animada por el amor a
la Eucaristía y a la Virgen. Lo importante para ella era amar y servir; el
resto no contaba, fiel a la máxima salesiana del "da mihi animas, caetera
tolle".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Con la radicalidad y la
coherencia de sus opciones, Sor Eusebia Palomino Yenes traza un camino
fascinador y exigente de santidad para todos nosotros y muy especialmente para
los jóvenes de nuestro tiempo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[Il Signore dice a Pietro
in modo deciso e incisivo: "Seguimi". Anche <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_it.html">Suor
Eusebia Palomino</a>, delle Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice, sentì un giorno
la chiamata di Dio e rispose attraverso un'intensa spiritualità e una profonda
umiltà nella vita quotidiana. Da buona salesiana, fu animata dall'amore per
l'Eucaristia e per la Vergine. L'importante per lei era amare e servire; il
resto non contava, fedele alla massima salesiana del "da mihi animas,
caetera tolle".</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Con la radicalità e la coerenza delle sue scelte, Suor Eusebia Palomino Yenes
tracciò un cammino attraente ed esigente di santità per tutti noi e soprattutto
per i giovani del nostro tempo.]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. "Tu amas-Me?"
- pergunta Jesus a Simão Pedro. Este responde: «Tu sabes tudo, Senhor, bem
sabes que Te amo». A vida da <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_sp.html">Beata
Alexandrina Maria da Costa</a> pode resumir-se neste diálogo de amor.
Investida e abrasada por estas ânsias de amor, não quer negar nada ao seu
Salvador: de vontade forte, tudo aceita para mostrar que O ama. Esposa de
sangue, revive misticamente a paixão de Cristo e oferece-se como vítima pelos
pecadores, recebendo a força da Eucaristia que se torna o único alimento dos
seus últimos treze anos de vida.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pela esteira da Beata
Alexandrina, expressa na trilogia "sofrer, amar, reparar", os
cristãos podem encontrar estímulo e motivação para nobilitar tudo o que a vida
tenha de doloroso e triste com a prova maior de amor: sacrificar a vida por
quem se ama.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">["Mi ami tu? "
domanda Gesù a Simon Pietro. Egli risponde: "Certo, Signore, tu lo
sai che ti amo". La vita della <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_it.html">Beata
Alexandrina Maria da Costa</a> può riassumersi in questo dialogo d'amore.
Permeata e ardente di queste ansie d'amore, non vuole negare nulla al suo
Salvatore: dalla forte volontà, accetta tutto per dimostrargli che lo
ama. Sposa di sangue, rivive misticamente la passione di Cristo e si offre come
vittima per i peccatori, ricevendo la forza dall'Eucaristia che diventa l'unico
alimento dei suoi ultimi tredici anni di vita.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nell'esempio della Beata Alexandrina, espresso nella trilogia "soffrire,
amare, riparare", i cristiani possono trovare lo stimolo e la motivazione
per nobilitare tutto ciò che la vita ha di doloroso e triste attraverso la
prova d'amore più grande: sacrificare la vita per chi si ama.]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. "Certo Signore,
tu lo sai che ti amo" (Gv 21,15). Come Pietro, come gli Apostoli
sulle rive del lago di Tiberiade, anche questi nuovi Beati hanno fatto propria,
portandola alle estreme conseguenze, questa semplice ma incisiva professione di
fede e di amore. L’amore verso Cristo è il segreto della santità!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Carissimi Fratelli e
Sorelle, seguiamo l’esempio di questi Beati! Offriamo, come loro, una
testimonianza coerente di fede e di amore nella presenza viva e operante del
Risorto!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2004 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/fr/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/fr/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sœur Eusebia Palomino,
Catéchiste amoureuse de Dieu</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 9 février 2022 célèbre
la mémoire de la Bienheureuse Eusebia Palomino Yenes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Par</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.cgfmanet.org/fr/author/elisa-molinari/" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Redazione</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8 février 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Espagne. Le 9
février 2022 célèbre la mémoire liturgique de la <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/140Yo-iygz-1ihUmA6EpkxzJg9dbDJvc0" target="_blank">Bienheureuse Eusebia Palomino Yenes</a>, Fille de Marie
Auxiliatrice qui a vécu en Espagne (1899-1936), béatifiée à Rome par Jean Paul
II le 25 avril 2004. Sœur Mercedes Muñuz Sánchez, FMA de la Communauté Marie
Auxiliatrice de Cadix, de la Province Marie Auxiliatrice (SPA)
souligne ses qualités de Catéchiste :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/16jSvVeug6raAAK3IsaFhuYMwVnkBzC7Y/view" target="_blank">sœur Carmen Moreno</a>, femme d’une charité héroïque, elle
aussi béatifiée en 2001 par Jean Paul II, qui sut découvrir dès son arrivée en
tant que Directrice à Valverde, la perle cachée qu’était sœur Eusebia, qui lui
avait été confiée par le Seigneur.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sœur Eusebia remplissait
les fonctions les plus humbles de la maison, toutes liées au service de la
cuisine, de la conciergerie, du potager et de l’infirmerie. En ce qui concerne
l’apostolat, elle était chargée du soin des filles les plus jeunes et des
personnes les plus pauvres et les plus simples de l’oratoire du dimanche. Elle
était, cependant, admirable dans la catéchèse et beaucoup de petites filles
s’approchaient d’elle, poussées par la curiosité envers une personnes qui, bien
que peu instruite, pouvait donner des explications aussi élevées des choses
surnaturelles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est à l’école de
Valverde qu’elle diffusait son parfum de sainteté et son esprit salésien,
transmettant à tous un exemple de simplicité, d’humilité, de joie et de
service, même si, selon les témoignages recueillis, depuis son enfance puis à
Salamanca, elle remplissait déjà cette mission.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les petites filles furent
vite attirées par les histoires des aventures missionnaires, des vies des
saints, d’épisodes de dévotion mariale, ou d’anecdotes sur Dom Bosco, dont elle
se souvenait grâce à une bonne mémoire et qu’elle savait rendre attractif avec
passion et une foi simple. Sœur Eusebia profitait de chaque moment et de chaque
lieu, en particulier de la chapelle, afin d’enseigner aux jeunes filles de l’Ecole,
les vertus chrétiennes et, en particulier, que la vraie sagesse réside dans la
paix et l’union avec Dieu. Elle parlait des Saintes Ecritures, dont elle était
amoureuse, et le communiquait partout où elle allait. Aux étudiants, elle
soulignait l’importance d’une confession et d’une communion fréquentes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’enseignement de sœur
Eusebia dans ses catéchèses, de manière simple et à la portée de ces jeunes
filles, était celles de Dom Bosco : la fuite du péché, l’amour pour
l’Eucharistie et les conditions pour la recevoir et l’amour à la Vierge Marie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tout dans sœur Eusebia,
reflétait l’amour de Dieu et son fort désir de le faire aimer. Elle ne perdait
jamais une occasion de s’approcher des jeunes filles et des personnes âgées de
toutes classes sociales afin de transmettre le message de l’Evangile.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’était une occasion
qu’elle ne perdait pas même lorsqu’elle écrivait, comme en témoignent ses
Lettres : dans celles-ci se trouve une grande variété de thème de
catéchèse. On peut prendre par exemple la Lettre N°43, qu’elle écrivit à sa
mère qui, bien que non datée, est certainement de l’été 1923. Sœur Eusebia
s’exprime dans un langage très clair, révélant l’élan qu’elle avait afin de
communiquer à tous son amour pour Dieu et la requête de ne pas s’opposer à Lui.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ses sujets préférés
étaient : l’amour de Jésus pour tous les hommes, qu’il a sauvés par sa
Passion, les Saintes plaies de Jésus, la véritable dévotion mariale et la
dévotion au Cœur de Jésus. Les autres thèmes de catéchèse étaient la charité,
la chasteté, l’humilité, l’obéissance, la mortification et la pénitence. Elle
n’oubliait pas non plus le thème social, qui se reflète dans la lettre N°50
adressée à Doña Dolores Fleming de Zarza, se référant aux ouvriers de ses
usines et des terrains agricoles. Elle soulignait également souvent les thèmes
de la famille et de l’éducation chrétienne dans l’environnement familial.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est précisément l’âme
de l’apostolat de sœur Eusebia pendant sa brève existence : être
catéchiste de jeunes filles, des jeunes, des mères de famille, des séminaristes
et des prêtres. ‘’Il n’y a probablement pas un curé dans toute l’Espagne
–dit-on dans le procès de Béatification – qui n’ait pas reçu une lettre de sœur
Eusebia sur l’esclavage marial’’.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.cgfmanet.org/fr/ifma-fr/charisme-salesien/soeur-eusebia-palomino-catechiste-amoureuse-de-dieu/">https://www.cgfmanet.org/fr/ifma-fr/charisme-salesien/soeur-eusebia-palomino-catechiste-amoureuse-de-dieu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/1/13/90099A.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="358" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/1/13/90099A.JPG" width="231" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beata_Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes" title="Beata Eusebia Palomino Yenes">Beata Eusebia Palomino Yenes</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Eusebia Palomino Yenes"><b>Blessed Eusebia
Palomino Yenes</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/10-february">10
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born to a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a> but
pious family, when she old enough she had to beg to help them survive. She felt
a call to religious life, but worked as a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-servants">servant</a> in
a wealthy household, then a nanny in an <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-orphans">orphanage</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-nuns">Religious</a> of
the Institute of the Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians (Salesian
Sisters). She worked as a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-cooks">cook</a> and
maid, but her spiritual insights were obvious, and many <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-priests">priests</a>,
religious and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-lay-people">laity</a> came
to her for advice. She had the gift of prophecy, and helped spread devotion to
the Wounds of Christ.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/15-december">15
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/time-line-1899">1899</a> in
Cantalpino, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-salamanca-spain">Salamanca</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/10-february">10
February</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/time-line-1935">1935</a> at
Valverde del Camino, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-huelva-spain">Huelva</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/17-december">17
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/time-line-1996">1996</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> (decree of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/heroic-virtues">heroic
virtues</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/25-april">25
April</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/time-line-2004">2004</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>book</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beata_Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/eusebia-palomino-yenes.html" target="_blank">Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90099" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebia_Palomino_Yenes" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>nettsteder
i norsk</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/epalomino" target="_blank">Den
katolske kirke</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>spletne
strani v slovenšcini</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716085339/http:/www.hmp.si/?id_site=2070" target="_blank">Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://svetniki.org/blazena-evzebija-palomino-yenes-redovnica/" target="_blank">Svetniki</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Eusebia Palomino
Yenes“. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 July 2023. Web. 10 February 2024. <https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-eusebia-palomino-yenes/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Eusebia Palomino
Yenes (1899-1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eusebia Palomino
Yenes was born on 15 December 1899 in Cantalpino, Spain, one of four
children to Agustin Palomino and Juana Yenes. Her father worked as a seasonal
farmhand, and during winter months when there was no work, he was forced to
travel to nearby villages to beg for food, with the little Eusebia at his side.
Overjoyed to be in her father's company, she was too young to understand his
humiliation in asking for "a loaf of bread, for the love of God".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When Eusebia was 8 years
old, she made her first "encounter" with Jesus in the Eucharist and
felt called to belong forever and completely to him. A short time later, she
was forced to leave school and work to help the family.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Although she was young,
she showed unusual maturity in caring for other young children, and when she
was 12 she went to Salamanca with her older sister and worked as a nanny. Her
love for God continued to grow and was expressed so well through the care she
gave to the children.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Daughters of Mary<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Every Sunday afternoon,
Eusebia went to the Oratory at the "Sancti Spiritus" School run by
the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians; here she got to know the Sisters.
Noting her maturity and responsibility, they asked if she could volunteer her
time to help them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She was immediately
available to begin her "mission" and helped the Sisters in the
kitchen, collecting firewood, cleaning the school, accompanying the students
and running errands. She was always ready to "give a hand" and to
transmit a joyful and simple spirit of service to those around her.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Something deeper'
in Eusebia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The students perceived
that in Eusebia there was "something deeper" behind her habitual
smile and simple way, and they found "excuses" to be with her,
receiving counsel and comfort through her words and by her presence. But more
than words, it was her life and simple way that spoke to the girls.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Although Eusebia's secret
desire was to become a "Daughter of Mary", she did not ask to enter
the Congregation because she was afraid she would be refused due to lack of
money, resources and education.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She hoped, however, that
"if I carry out well my duties here, for love of the Blessed Virgin, one
day I will be her daughter in the Congregation". She confided this desire
on one occasion to a visiting superior, who told her to "worry about
nothing". In name of the Mother General, she accepted Eusebia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 5 August 1922 Eusebia
began her novitiate and made her religious profession two years later, when she
was transferred to the house of Valverde del Camino in southwestern Spain.<br />
Not up to expectations<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Upon her arrival the
first day, she was openly derided by the youngsters of the school and
oratory: she was "little, pale and ugly, with hands that are too
big... plus, she has a dumb name", and obviously not what they expected.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sr Eusebia, however, who
felt like a "queen" living forever in the mansion of Jesus her King,
remained indifferent to the unkind remarks. She began the next day to
"roll up her sleeves" and to carry out her assigned duties: the
kitchen, the laundry, answering the door, working in the garden and keeping
company with the children at the oratory.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was not long before
the children were "taken up" by the stories she would tell them of
the lives of the saints and of missionaries as well as anecdotes of St John
Bosco; Sr Eusebia had an excellent memory and the gift of storytelling. Little
by little, those who at first had judged and criticized her felt that there was
something truly special about the nun and that she really cared about them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Even outside of the
oratory, the parents of the children, other adults and youth, seminarians and
even priests sought out her "spiritual counsel". Although Sr Eusebia
had no education in theological doctrine, her heart was full of God's wisdom
and she made time for everyone.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Victim for the salvation
of Spain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the beginning of the
1930s, tensions and persecutions against the Catholic Church began in Spain,
and Sr Eusebia once again made herself "available" to help. This
time, she offered herself as a victim to God for the salvation of Spain.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Her offer was accepted
and in August 1932 a mysterious illness struck her. Doctors were unable to
diagnose this disease which was causing the limbs of her body to wind up,
turning her into a "ball of yarn". Her asthma, which had always been
"mild", had now worsened and added to her suffering.<br />
Although the pain was excruciating, Sr Eusebia was always a gentle channel of
joy and peace, treating those around her with great respect and appreciating
those who took care of her.<br />
Sr Eusebia died on 10 February 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The echo of voices of the
townspeople of Valverde could be heard following her departure: "A
saint has died".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_en.html">https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_en.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BEATIFICATION OF SIX
SERVANTS OF GOD<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>HOMILY OF JOHN PAUL II</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">St Peter's Square</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Third Sunday of Easter, 25 April 2004<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. "They knew it was
the Lord" (Jn 21: 12): this is how the evangelist John expresses the
reaction of the disciples' joy in recognizing the Risen Lord. Jesus manifests
himself to them after a night of hard and unprofitable work on the Sea of
Tiberias. Trusting in his word, they cast their nets into the water and haul to
the shore a "[large] quantity of fish" (Jn 21: 6).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Like the Apostles, we too
remain in amazement before the wealth of wonder that God accomplishes in the
heart of those who confide in him. In today's Eucharistic Celebration, we
contemplate what he has achieved in six new Blesseds: in the priest <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_en.html">Augusto
Czartoryski</a>; in four women religious: <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_en.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_en.html">María
Guadalupe García Zavala</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_en.html">Nemesia
Valle</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_en.html">Eusebia
Palomino Yenes</a>; and in a laywoman, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_en.html">Alexandrina
Maria da Costa</a>. These are eloquent examples of how the Lord transforms the
existence of believers when they trust in him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. "How lovely is
your dwelling place, Lord, God of hosts. My soul is longing and yearning, is
yearning for the courts of the Lord.... One day within your courts is better
than a thousand elsewhere" (Ps 84[83]: 2, 11).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_en.html">Augusto
Czartoryski</a> wrote these words of the Psalm, his motto of life, on the
holy card of his first Mass. In them is contained the rapture of a man who,
following the voice of the call, discovers the beauty of the ministerial
priesthood. In them resounds the echo of the different choices that the person
who is discerning God's will and wishes to fulfil it must make. Augusto
Czartoryski, a young prince, carefully prepared an effective method to discern
the divine plan. In prayer, he presented to God all questions and deep perplexities,
and then in the spirit of obedience he followed the counsel given by his
spiritual guides. In this way he came to understand his vocation and to take up
the life of poverty to serve the "least". The same method enabled him
throughout the course of his life to make decisions, so that today we can say
that he accomplished the designs of Divine Providence in a heroic way.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I would like to leave
this example of holiness especially to young people, who today search out the
way to decipher God's will relating to their own lives and desire to faithfully
forge ahead each day according to the divine word. My dear young friends, learn
from Blessed Augusto to ask ardently in prayer for the light of the Holy Spirit
and wise guides, so that you may understand the divine plan in your lives and
are able to walk constantly on the path of holiness.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. "Just after
daybreak Jesus was standing on the shore, though none of the disciples knew it
was Jesus" (Jn 21: 4).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It is possible for a
person not to know the Lord, notwithstanding his numerous manifestations in the
course of history. Mother <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_en.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, seeing how many indigenous persons far away from urban
centres lived without knowing God, decided to found the Congregation of
the Missionaries of Mary Immaculate and St Catherine of Siena, with the aim of
bringing the light of the Gospel to the inhabitants of the forests.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This Blessed Colombian
considered herself as mother to the Indians, to whom she wanted to show God's
love. Her times were not easy ones, since the social tensions bloodied even
then her noble Country. Taking inspiration from her message of peace, let us
ask today that the beloved Nation of Colombia may soon enjoy peace, justice and
holistic progress.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. In the Gospel reading
we heard the threefold question of Jesus to Peter: "Do you love
me?". Christ addresses this same question to men and women of all
times. Christians must decisively and readily respond to the projects that he
has for each one of us. Such was the life of the Mexican Blessed <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_en.html">Guadalupe
García Zavala</a>, who, by giving up matrimony, dedicated herself to
serving the poorest, the sick and the needy; she founded for this the Congregation
of the Handmaids of St Margaret Mary and the Poor.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With deep faith,
unlimited hope and great love for Christ, Mother "Lupita" sought her
own sanctification beginning with love for the Heart of Christ and fidelity to
the Church. In this way she lived the motto which she left to her
daughters: "Charity to the point of sacrifice and perseverance until
death".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. "Manifest God's
love to the little, to the poor, to every person in every corner of the earth": this
was the undertaking of Blessed <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_en.html">Nemesia
Valle</a> throughout her entire life. She left this teaching especially to
her Sisters, the Sisters of Charity of St Joan Antida Thouret, and to the
faithful of the Archdiocese of Turin. It is the example of a shining holiness
directed towards the high summits of evangelical perfection, which can be
translated in the simple gestures of daily living, completely spent in God's
service.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The new Blessed continues
to repeat to all of us: "Holiness does not consist in doing many
things or great things.... Those who entirely spend themselves each day,
wherever they are, for the Lord, are holy".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. The Lord says to Peter
in a decisive and penetrating way: "Follow me". <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_en.html">Sr
Eusebia Palomino</a>, of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, also heard
God's call one day and answered by way of an intense spirituality and a
profound humility in daily life. As a good Salesian, she was enlivened by love
for the Eucharist and for the Blessed Virgin. Loving and serving were important
for her; the rest did not matter, faithful to the Salesian maxim: "da
mihi animas, caetera tolle".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With the radicalness and
constancy of her choices, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_en.html">Sr
Eusebia Palomino Yenes</a> traced out an attractive and demanding path of
holiness for us all, especially for the young people of our time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. "Do you love
me?", Jesus asks Simon Peter, who replies: "Yes Lord, you know
that I love you". The life of Blessed <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_en.html">Alexandrina
Maria da Costa</a> can be summarized in this dialogue of love. Permeated
and burning with this anxiety of love, she wished to deny nothing to her
Saviour. With a strong will, she accepted everything to demonstrate her love
for him. A "spouse of blood", she relived mystically Christ's passion
and offered herself as a victim for sinners, receiving strength from the
Eucharist: this became her only source of nourishment for the final 13 years of
her life.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With the example of
Blessed Alexandrina, expressed in the trilogy "suffer, love, make
reparation", Christians are able to discover the stimulus and motivation
to make "noble" all that is painful and sad in life through the
greatest evidence of love: sacrificing one's life for the beloved.<br />
Secret of holiness: love for Christ<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. "Yes Lord,
you know that I love you" (Jn 21: 15). Like Peter, like the Apostles
on the shore of the Sea of Tiberias, these new Blesseds also made their own
this simple profession of faith and love, living it to the extreme. Love for
Christ is the secret of holiness!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear brothers and
sisters, let us follow the example of these Blesseds, offering as they did a
coherent witness of faith and love in the living and working presence of the Risen
One!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2004 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beata Eusebia
Palomino Yenes</b> Vergine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/10">10 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cantalpino, Spagna, 15
dicembre 1899 - Valverde del Camino, Spagna, 10 febbraio 1933<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Spagnola, nacque e visse
nella umiltà. Nella prima giovinezza fu a servizio di diverse famiglie. Entrata
nella Congregazione delle Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice, venne addetta al cucina
e ad altri lavori casalinghi. Contemporaneamente svolse un fruttuoso apostolato
tra la gioventù. Nel 1931, prevedendo la guerra civile spagnola, si offrì
vittima al Signore, che la chiamò a sé dopo lunga malattia. Fu proclamata
Venerabile il 17 dicembre 1996 e solennemente beatificata il 25 aprile 2004 da
San Giovanni Paolo II. La sua salma riposa a Valverde del Camino. La Famiglia
Salesiana celebra il 9 febbraio la sua memoria liturgica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Valverde del Camino presso Huelva nell’Andalusia in Spagna,
beata Eusebia Palomino Yenes, vergine dell’Istituto delle Figlie di Maria
Ausiliatrice, che offrendo un insigne esempio di umiltà, senza alcuna
ostentazione, ma con spirito di abnegazione raggiunse nei lavori più umili i
vertici della grazia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A Cantalpino (Spagna),
una bambina mendicante, nata nel 1899, assieme al padre chiede l’elemosina.
Essi percorrono, a piedi, le vie dei paesi vicini alla casa in cui vivono, per
non essere riconosciuti. La mamma Juana Yenes e i quattro fratellini li
aspettano nel loro misero tugurio, per mettere qualcosa da mangiare a tavola.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La piccola Eusebia, sette anni, dopo la prima elementare non va più a scuola. È
inverno e fa tanto freddo. Eusebia accompagna papà Agostino Palomino,
bracciante disoccupato, che dolcemente la conforta. Quando si fermano nel
bosco, il papà accende un fuoco e in un tegamino cucina una zuppa con quello
che la povera gente di campagna regala loro: pane, un po’ di lardo, ceci. Per
la bimba la zuppa è deliziosa ed è contenta di avere un papà così buono.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Eusebia ha occhi espressivi e dolci. È felice di saltellare in mezzo alla
natura, ama i fiori, gli uccellini, le nuvole. Quando bussa alle porte delle
povere cascine Eusebia chiede: «Un po’ di pane per l’amor di Dio», e nessuno
resiste al suo sorriso. Grande cuore sanno avere i poveri, mentre alcuni
ricchi, avari, non danno nulla.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La famiglia di Eusebia non perde la speranza. Papà e mamma pregano, hanno fede,
sentono che in Cielo qualcuno li ama e penserà a loro. Eusebia è devota alla
Madonna e spesso la invoca. Nella loro casa regna la serenità perché manca
tutto (papà Agostino lavora come bracciante solamente per pochi mesi all’anno),
ma non l’amore. Eusebia a dieci anni fa la pastorella, la bambinaia e, poi, la
domestica. Semplice e ingenua regala medagliette della Madonna ai soldati
sbandati che incontra per strada, parlando loro di Gesù.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un giorno l’oratorio di Maria Ausiliatrice, frequentato da Eusebia la domenica,
le offre di occuparsi della cucina, delle pulizie, dell’orto e di accompagnare
le ragazzine a scuola. Eusebia accetta con gioia. Il suo primo incarico è
macinare il caffè. La giovane, nonostante sia quasi analfabeta, diventa suora
salesiana nella casa di Valverde (Sud della Spagna). Le fanciulle dell’oratorio
la amano. Eusebia racconta la storia dei santi catturando la loro attenzione e
facendo fiorire tante vocazioni. Pela le patate e intanto dà consigli e compie
miracoli come quando salva un uomo che sta annegando, lanciandogli il
crocifisso che porta al collo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Eusebia muore nel 1935: come aveva predetto, durante il funerale le campane –
che sembrano mosse da mani invisibili – suonano per lei da sole.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Mariella
Lentini</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Nata in un tugurio</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Spagna, Cantalpino, un povero paese di contadini e di pastori. Nel 1899, in una
famiglia poverissima, cui mancava spesso il pane, nasce Eusebia Palomino. La
sua casetta – l’ho vista in una foto – è uno squallido tugurio, più povera
dell’abitazione di Giovannino Bosco ai Becchi di Castelnuovo d’Asti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Eppure Eusebia e i suoi familiari sono sereni, persino felici: mentre la mamma
prepara la frugale cena, papà spiega il catechismo alle bambine. Pregano
insieme il Signore e la Madonna. Vivono nell’abbandono fiducioso in Dio: Lui sa
che ci sono pur loro al mondo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A sei anni, Eusebia comincia a frequentare le prime classi elementari del
villaggio. Sovente a scuola non è preparata, anche perché è spesso assente: i
suoi hanno bisogno di lei nei lavori. Ma è intelligente e sa tante cose che le
compagne più fortunate non sanno.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Non ancora decenne, un giorno segue il papà che lascia la casa e va a chiedere
l’elemosina per sopravvivere nei paesi dove non è conosciuto. Per strada,
Eusebia canta, prega la Madonna, come si parla con la mamma. Ritorna a
Cantalpino e trova lavoro come “baby sitter” e domestica.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il primo incontro con Gesù nella Comunione la rapisce di felicità. Possiede
Lui, è posseduta da Lui. Per vivere fa anche la pastorella: le affidano pecore,
mucche, vitellini cui accudire. È grande la pace nei pascoli: Eusebia, in
silenzio, prega il dolce Ospite della sua anima.<br />
<br /><b>
Serva di Gesù Servo</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma la povertà e la miseria sono sempre grandi. Così verso i 13 anni, trova
lavoro a Salamanca. Il distacco dai suoi è doloroso. È assunta come serva in
una casa di signori: come “criada”, cioè serva tutto-fare. Un’esperienza nuova
che non la intimidisce.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Quando va a far la spesa, per strada avvicina i poveri e dà loro il poco che
possiede. Non riesce a tenersi dal fermarsi con i bambini per parlare loro di
Gesù, della Madonna, del loro amore per noi. I soldati che incontra, soli,
spesso sbandati, le fanno tenerezza: con una semplicità disarmante, da vera
bambina, dà loro una medaglietta della Madonna, ricorda loro i doveri
cristiani. Quelli la guardano, la ascoltano incantati. Forse è un angelo disceso
dal cielo?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Vede che le altre ragazze vanno a divertirsi: i balli, le compagnie rumorose.
Prova il desiderio di fare le stesse cose, ma una Voce interiore le dice:
“Questo non è per te”. Da fanciulla aveva avuto dei sogni e ora continua a
averli. Una notte aveva sognato Gesù Crocifisso: le sue piaghe erano splendide
e illuminavano il mondo. Un’altra volta sogna la Madonna con tanta gente ai
suoi piedi. Poco tempo dopo, incontra una ragazza che la invita all’oratorio
tenuto dalle Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Eusebia va, scopre un mondo nuovo: le pare d’essere nata proprio per vivere in
quel mondo. Le Salesiane la assumono come collaboratrice, per lavorare in
cucina, nell’orto, dove c’è da sfaccendare. Notano che ha qualcosa di
eccezionale, sotto i suoi modi dimessi e schivi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le alunne dell’oratorio, dopo qualche giorno, fanno amicizia con Eusebia: è
giovane come loro, parla con dolcezza, con una naturalezza da stupire. In breve
tutte la cercano e commentano: “Dice cose meravigliose sulla Madonna”. Le
ragazze vorrebbero stare sempre con lei. Ha su di loro un ascendente
straordinario.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un giorno passa l’Ispettore (il superiore della “provincia”salesiana) e le
dice: “Tu vuoi diventare Figlia di Maria Ausiliatrice?”. Eusebia risponde:
“Sì”. Non aveva mai avuto altro desiderio. Il 31 gennaio 1921, inizia il suo
cammino formativo come postulante. Continua a lavorare come tuttofare. È
un’innamorata di Gesù. I suoi scritti traboccano di espressioni ardenti.
Davanti al tabernacolo, esclama: “Adiòs, mio Prigioniero, che te ne stai lì,
pazzo di amore per me. Perché non mi fai tua prigioniera e pazza di amore per
Te?”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 5 maggio 1922, veste l’abito religioso: è novizia. Incarico: ortolana, con
tutte le mansioni che capitano. È devotissima della Madonna e si fa sua
“schiava d’amore” secondo l’insegnamento di S. Luigi de Montfort. Ama “il
rosario delle Sante Piaghe” rivelato da Gesù stesso all’umile visitandina suor
Marta Chambon.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Alla vigilia dei voti, si ammala gravemente e non è ammessa alla professione.
Quando sta per essere rimandata a casa, le superiore la ammettono ai voti.
Diventata finalmente Figlia di Maria Ausiliatrice, spiega: “Facciamoci sante,
il resto è solo perder tempo”. Vive da serva, come Gesù, Servo di Dio, con un
“sì” pieno, totale.<br />
<br /><b>
I fioretti di suor Eusebia</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
È destinata alla casa salesiana di Valverde del Camino. È l’agosto del 1924.
Gli incarichi sono ancora quelli di un’umile “criada”: cucina, orto,
guardaroba, qualche volta in oratorio. Ha un temperamento forte, ma è umile,
dolcissima, mortificata, sempre pronta a spezzarsi dalla fatica. L’intimità con
Gesù è sempre più profonda. Trova Dio dappertutto: nella preghiera, nella
natura, nelle bambine che vengono all’oratorio. Vive alla sua presenza ma
diventa estatica davanti al Tabernacolo, soprattutto quando Gesù Eucaristico è
esposto solennemente sull’altare.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le fanciulle la ascoltano e non si staccherebbero mai da lei: ella parla loro
di Gesù Crocifisso, della Madonna, delle missioni, del Paradiso. Tutte la
vogliono e la cercano e sentono in lei il fascino della santità. Uno dopo
l’altro succedono tanti piccoli grandi episodi che stupiscono. Un giorno,
tranquillizza con dati precisi e sconcertanti una madre che ha il figlio in
guerra in Marocco. Un’altra volta fa scaturire l’acqua da un pozzo asciutto; un
altro giorno, “non permette” che piova su una povera casa in costruzione,
perché il proprietario non sia danneggiato. Un’altra volta, trova uova nel
pollaio quando le altre suore, un istante prima, non ne avevano trovato neppure
uno.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
È sempre più innamorata della Madonna – che invoca con i titoli di Immacolata e
di Ausiliatrice, come don Bosco, e diffonde, senza tregua la “schiavitù”
d’amore a Lei, come aveva insegnato il Montfort. A Valverde, a Cantalupo, in
altri paesi che riesce a raggiungere, moltissimi fanno “la consacrazione” alla
Madonna. Così diffonde, per la salvezza della Spagna, alla vigilia della
terribile rivoluzione comunista, il “rosario delle sante Piaghe di Gesù”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 1930, suor Eusebia emette i suoi voti perpetui. Invitata dalla maestra delle
novizie, tiene uno stupendo discorso sull’amore di Dio. Chi l’ascolta, non
comprende da dove possa venire quella sua sapienza così semplice e alta. A
Valverde, molti, compresi sacerdoti e seminaristi, vengono a consigliarsi con
lei su cose importanti, decisive. Intanto la rivoluzione avanza: bruciano i
conventi, sacerdoti e credenti hanno vita sempre più grama.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Illuminata da Dio, suor Eusebia vede nel futuro e parla chiaro: “Ci saranno dei
martiri”. Le sue profezie si avvereranno tutte. Si offre vittima per la
salvezza della Spagna. Qualche tempo dopo, si ammala. Tutti la vogliono vedere:
attorno al suo letto giungono i sacerdoti, i seminaristi, i bambini con le
mamme. È serena, abbandonata al Signore, anche se comprende che verranno fatti
terribili: “Ora il re dovrà andarsene. Ma tornerà e si chiamerà Juan Carlos”.
La storia, 40 anni dopo, le darà ragione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 10 febbraio 1935, suor Eusebia, a soli 36 anni, va incontro a Dio. “Durante
la mia sepoltura – aveva detto – le campane suoneranno a gloria”. Capita così
che all’uscita dalla chiesa, le campane da sole si mettono a suonare l’alleluja
pasquale. Presto si parla di grazie e di miracoli.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma il miracolo più bello è lei, la piccola povera “mendicante” di Cantalpino,
diventata un capolavoro dell’amore di Dio. Oggi attende la gloria degli altari:
“Dio ha deposto i potenti dai troni e ha innalzato gli umili”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La Famiglia Salesiana ne fa memoria il giorno precedente, il 9 febbraio. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PREGHIERA</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
O Dio, che hai modellato il cuore<br />
della beata Eusebia, vergine,<br />
sul mistero pasquale del tuo Figlio, fino al dono della vita,<br />
concedi a noi, rafforzati dal suo esempio di umiltà e letizia,<br />
di crescere costantemente nel tuo amore<br />
e nel servizio dei poveri.<br />
Ti supplichiamo di voler glorificare quest’umile tua serva<br />
e di concederci, per sua intercessione,<br />
la grazia che ti chiediamo...<br />
Per Cristo nostro Signore. Amen.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Paolo Risso</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Note: Per segnalare grazie o favori ricevuti per sua intercessione, oppure
per informazioni, rivolgersi al Postulatore Generale della Famiglia
Salesiana: postulatore@sdb.org<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90099">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90099</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CAPPELLA PAPALE PER LA
BEATIFICAZIONE DI SEI SERVI DI DIO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>OMELIA DI GIOVANNI PAOLO
II</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terza Domenica di Pasqua,
25 aprile 2004</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. "Sapevano bene
che era il Signore" (Gv 21,12): così l’evangelista Giovanni esprime
la reazione di gioia dei discepoli nel riconoscere il Signore risorto. Gesù si
manifesta loro dopo una notte di duro e infruttuoso lavoro nel lago di
Tiberiade. Fidandosi della sua parola, essi gettano le reti in acqua e portano
a riva una "gran quantità di pesci" (Gv 21,6).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Come gli apostoli, anche
noi restiamo stupiti dinanzi alla ricchezza delle meraviglie che Iddio compie
nel cuore di quanti in lui confidano. Nel corso dell’odierna Celebrazione
eucaristica contempliamo quanto Egli ha realizzato in sei nuovi Beati: nel presbitero <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_it.html">Augusto
Czartoryski</a>; in quattro religiose: <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_it.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_it.html">María
Guadalupe García Zavala</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_it.html">Nemesia
Valle</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_it.html">Eusebia
Palomino Yenes</a>; in una laica, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_it.html">Alexandrina
Maria da Costa</a>. Sono esempi eloquenti di come il Signore trasformi
l’esistenza dei credenti, quando ci si fida di Lui.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. "Jak miłe są
przybytki Twoje, Panie Zastępów... dzień jeden w przybytkach Twoich lepszy jest
niż innych tysiące" (Ps 84/83/, 2.11). Te słowa Psalmu zapisał jako
motto życia na prymicyjnym obrazku błogosławiony <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_pl.html">August
Czartoryski</a>. Zawiera się w nich zachwyt człowieka, który idąc za głosem
powołania odkrywa piękno kapłańskiej posługi. Brzmi w nich również echo
różnorakich wyborów, jakich musi dokonywać każdy, kto odkrywa wolę Bożą i
pragnie ją pełnić. August Czartoryski, młody książę, wypracował skuteczną
metodę rozeznawania zamysłów Bożych. Wszystkie pytania i rozterki przedstawiał
najpierw Bogu w modlitwie, a potem w duchu posłuszeństwa szedł za radą swoich
duchowych przewodników. Tak odczytał swoje powołanie, aby podjąć życie ubogie i
służyć najmniejszym.Ta sama metoda pozwoliła mu przez całe życie dokonywać
takich wyborów, że możemy dziś powiedzieć, że realizował zamysły Bożej
Opatrzności w sposób heroiczny.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Przykład jego świętości
pragnę pozostawić szczególnie ludziom młodym, którzy dziś szukają sposobu na
odkrywanie woli Bożej odnośnie do ich życia i pragną wiernie podążać każdego
dnia za głosem Bożym. Moi drodzy młodzi przyjaciele, uczcie się od
błogosławionego Augusta gorąco prosić na modlitwie o światło Ducha Świętego i o
mądrych przewodników, abyście mogli poznawać Boży plan waszego życia i byście
zdołali zawsze kroczyć drogą świętości.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">["Quanto sono
amabili le tue dimore, Signore degli eserciti! L’anima mia languisce e brama
gli atri del Signore… Per me un giorno nei tuoi atri è più che mille
altrove" (Sal 84/83/, 2.11). Queste parole del Salmo ha scritto come motto
di vita sull’immaginetta della prima Messa il beato <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_czartoryski_it.html">Augusto
Czartoryski</a>. In esse è contenuto il rapimento di un uomo che, seguendo la
voce della chiamata, scopre la bellezza del ministero sacerdotale. Risuona in
esse l’eco delle diverse scelte che deve fare chiunque scorge la volontà di Dio
e desidera compierla. Augusto Czartoryski, giovane principe, ha elaborato un
efficace metodo di discernimento dei disegni divini. Presentava a Dio nella
preghiera tutte le domande e le perplessità di fondo e poi nello spirito di
obbedienza seguiva i consigli delle sue guide spirituali. Così ha compreso la
sua vocazione di intraprendere la vita povera per servire i più piccoli. Lo
stesso metodo gli ha permesso, nel corso di tutta la vita, di compiere scelte
tali, che oggi possiamo dire che egli ha realizzato i disegni della Provvidenza
Divina in modo eroico.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Voglio lasciare l’esempio
della sua santità soprattutto ai giovani, che oggi cercano il modo di decifrare
la volontà di Dio nei riguardi della loro vita e desiderano ogni giorno
procedere fedelmente secondo la parola divina. Miei cari giovani amici,
imparate dal beato Augusto a chiedere ardentemente nella preghiera la luce
dello Spirito Santo e guide sagge, affinché possiate conoscere il piano divino
nella vostra vita e siate capaci di camminare sempre sulla via della santità.]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. "Estaba ya
amaneciendo cuando Jesús se presentó en la orilla; pero los discípulos no
sabían que era Jesús" (Jn, 21,4). Es una posibilidad para el hombre no
conocer al Señor, a pesar de múltiples manifestaciones a lo largo de la
historia. La Madre <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_sp.html">Laura
Montoya</a>, viendo cómo tantos indígenas, lejos de los centros urbanos, vivían
desconociendo a Dios, se decidió a fundar la Congregación de las Misioneras
de María Inmaculada y Santa Catalina de Siena, para llevar la luz del Evangelio
a los habitantes de las selvas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Esta Beata colombiana se
sintió madre espiritual de los indígenas, a los que quiso mostrar el amor de
Dios. Sus tiempos no fueron fáciles, pues las tensiones sociales ensangrentaban
también entonces su noble patria. Inspirándonos en su mensaje pacificador, le
pedimos hoy que la amada Colombia goce pronto de paz, de justicia y de progreso
integral.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">["Quando già era
l'alba Gesù si presentò sulla riva, ma i discepoli non si erano accorti che era
Gesù" (Gv 21, 4).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
È possibile per l'uomo non conoscere il Signore, nonostante le sue molteplici
manifestazioni nel corso della storia. Madre <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_montoya_it.html">Laura
Montoya</a> vedendo come tanti indigeni, lontani dai centri urbani,
vivevano senza conoscere Dio, decise di fondare la Congregazione delle Suore
Missionarie di Maria Immacolata e di Santa Caterina da Siena, al fine di
portare la luce del Vangelo agli abitanti delle selve.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Questa Beata colombiana si sentì madre spirituale degli indigeni, ai quali ha
voluto mostrare l'amore di Dio. I suoi tempi non furono facili, poiché le
tensioni sociali insanguinavano anche allora la sua nobile patria. Ispirandoci
al suo messaggio pacificatore, le chiediamo oggi che l'amata Colombia possa
presto godere della pace, della giustizia e del progresso integrale.]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. En el Evangelio hemos
escuchado la triple pregunta de Jesús a Pedro: "¿Me amas?". Esta
misma pregunta Cristo dirige a los hombres y mujeres de todas las épocas. Los
cristianos deben responder con firmeza y prontitud a los proyectos que Él tiene
sobre cada uno. Así sucedió en la vida de la Beata <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_sp.html">Guadalupe
García Zavala</a>, mexicana, que renunciando al matrimonio, se dedicó al
servicio de los más pobres, necesitados y enfermos, y fundó por eso la Congregación
de las Siervas de Santa Margarita María y de los Pobres.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Con una fe profunda, una
esperanza sin límites y un gran amor a Cristo, Madre Lupita buscó la propia
santificación desde el amor al Corazón de Jesús y la fidelidad a la Iglesia. De
este modo vivió el lema que dejó a sus hijas: "Caridad hasta el sacrificio
y constancia hasta la muerte".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[Nel Vangelo abbiamo
ascoltato la triplice domanda di Gesù a Pietro: "Mi ami?".
Questa stessa domanda Cristo la rivolge agli uomini e alle donne di tutte le
epoche. I cristiani devono rispondere con fermezza e prontezza ai progetti che
Egli ha su ciascuno di noi. Così accadde nella vita della Beata <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_zavala_it.html">Guadalupe
García Zavala</a>, messicana, che rinunciando al matrimonio, si dedicò al
servizio dei più poveri, dei bisognosi e degli infermi, fondando a tal fine la
Congregazione delle Ancelle di Santa Margherita Maria e dei più Poveri.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Con fede profonda, speranza sconfinata e grande amore per Cristo, Madre Lupita
cercò la propria santificazione a partire dall'amore per il Cuore di Gesù e
dalla fedeltà alla Chiesa. In questo modo visse il motto che lasciò alle sue
Figlie: "Carità fino al sacrificio e costanza fino alla
morte".]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. "Manifestare
l’amore di Dio ai piccoli, ai poveri, ad ogni uomo, in ogni parte della terra":
questo è stato l’impegno della beata <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_valle_it.html">Nemesia
Valle</a> nel corso di tutta la sua esistenza. Questo insegnamento essa
lascia particolarmente alle sue consorelle, le Suore della Carità di Santa
Giovanna Antida Thouret, come pure ai fedeli dell’Arcidiocesi di Torino. E’
l’esempio di una santità luminosa, protesa alle alte vette della perfezione
evangelica, e che si traduce nei semplici gesti della vita quotidiana
interamente spesa per Dio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La nuova Beata continua a
ripetere a noi tutti: "La santità non consiste nel fare molte cose o
nel farne di grandi … Santo è chi si consuma al proprio posto ogni giorno, per
il Signore".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. El Señor dice a Pedro
de manera decidida y tajante: "Sígueme". También <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_sp.html">Sor
Eusebia Palomino</a>, de las Hijas de María Auxiliadora, oyó un día la llamada
de Dios y respondió a través de una intensa espiritualidad y una profunda
humildad en su vida diaria. Como buena salesiana, estuvo animada por el amor a
la Eucaristía y a la Virgen. Lo importante para ella era amar y servir; el
resto no contaba, fiel a la máxima salesiana del "da mihi animas, caetera
tolle".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Con la radicalidad y la
coherencia de sus opciones, Sor Eusebia Palomino Yenes traza un camino
fascinador y exigente de santidad para todos nosotros y muy especialmente para
los jóvenes de nuestro tiempo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[Il Signore dice a Pietro
in modo deciso e incisivo: "Seguimi". Anche <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_it.html">Suor
Eusebia Palomino</a>, delle Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice, sentì un giorno
la chiamata di Dio e rispose attraverso un'intensa spiritualità e una profonda
umiltà nella vita quotidiana. Da buona salesiana, fu animata dall'amore per
l'Eucaristia e per la Vergine. L'importante per lei era amare e servire; il
resto non contava, fedele alla massima salesiana del "da mihi animas,
caetera tolle".</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Con la radicalità e la coerenza delle sue scelte, Suor Eusebia Palomino Yenes
tracciò un cammino attraente ed esigente di santità per tutti noi e soprattutto
per i giovani del nostro tempo.]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. "Tu amas-Me?"
- pergunta Jesus a Simão Pedro. Este responde: «Tu sabes tudo, Senhor, bem
sabes que Te amo». A vida da <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_sp.html">Beata
Alexandrina Maria da Costa</a> pode resumir-se neste diálogo de amor.
Investida e abrasada por estas ânsias de amor, não quer negar nada ao seu
Salvador: de vontade forte, tudo aceita para mostrar que O ama. Esposa de
sangue, revive misticamente a paixão de Cristo e oferece-se como vítima pelos
pecadores, recebendo a força da Eucaristia que se torna o único alimento dos
seus últimos treze anos de vida.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pela esteira da Beata
Alexandrina, expressa na trilogia "sofrer, amar, reparar", os
cristãos podem encontrar estímulo e motivação para nobilitar tudo o que a vida
tenha de doloroso e triste com a prova maior de amor: sacrificar a vida por
quem se ama.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">["Mi ami tu? "
domanda Gesù a Simon Pietro. Egli risponde: "Certo, Signore, tu lo
sai che ti amo". La vita della <a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_da-costa_it.html">Beata
Alexandrina Maria da Costa</a> può riassumersi in questo dialogo d'amore.
Permeata e ardente di queste ansie d'amore, non vuole negare nulla al suo
Salvatore: dalla forte volontà, accetta tutto per dimostrargli che lo
ama. Sposa di sangue, rivive misticamente la passione di Cristo e si offre come
vittima per i peccatori, ricevendo la forza dall'Eucaristia che diventa l'unico
alimento dei suoi ultimi tredici anni di vita.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nell'esempio della Beata Alexandrina, espresso nella trilogia "soffrire,
amare, riparare", i cristiani possono trovare lo stimolo e la motivazione per
nobilitare tutto ciò che la vita ha di doloroso e triste attraverso la prova
d'amore più grande: sacrificare la vita per chi si ama.]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. "Certo Signore,
tu lo sai che ti amo" (Gv 21,15). Come Pietro, come gli Apostoli
sulle rive del lago di Tiberiade, anche questi nuovi Beati hanno fatto propria,
portandola alle estreme conseguenze, questa semplice ma incisiva professione di
fede e di amore. L’amore verso Cristo è il segreto della santità!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Carissimi Fratelli e
Sorelle, seguiamo l’esempio di questi Beati! Offriamo, come loro, una
testimonianza coerente di fede e di amore nella presenza viva e operante del
Risorto!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2004 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20040425_beatifications.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Eusebia Palomino
Yenes (1899-1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eusebia Palomino Yenes vede
i natali nel crepuscolo del secolo XIX - il 15 dicembre del 1899 - a
Cantalpino, piccolo paese della provincia di Salamanca (Spagna) in una famiglia
ricca di fede quanto scarsa di mezzi. Papà Agustin, che tutti ricordano nel suo
aspetto dimesso, uomo di grande bontà e dolcezza, lavora come bracciante
stagionale a servizio dei proprietari terrieri dei dintorni e mamma Juana Yenes
accudisce la casa con i quattro figli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quando nellÂ’inverno la
campagna riposa e il lavoro viene a mancare, il pane scarseggia. Allora Papà
Palomino si trova costretto a chiedere aiuto alla carità di altri poveri nei
paesetti della zona. Talvolta a lui si accompagna la piccola Eusebia, di sette
anni appena, ignara del costo di certe umiliazioni: ella gode di quelle
camminate per i sentieri campestri, e lietamente saltella accanto a papà che le
fa ammirare le bellezze del creato e dalla luminosità del paesaggio di
Castiglia trae spunti catechistici che la incantano. Poi, raggiunto un
cascinale, sorride alle buone persone che la accolgono e chiede «un pane
per lÂ’amor di Dio».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il primo incontro con
Gesù nellÂ’Eucaristia allÂ’età di otto anni procura alla fanciulla una
sorprendente percezione del significato dellÂ’appartenere, dellÂ’offrirsi in
totalità di dono al Signore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Assai presto deve
lasciare la scuola per aiutare la famiglia e dopo avere dato prova di precoce
maturità nellÂ’accudire – bambina ancora lei stessa – i bambini di alcune
famiglie del luogo mentre i genitori sono al lavoro, a dodici anni va a
Salamanca con la sorella maggiore e si colloca a servizio di qualche famiglia
come bambinaia-tuttofare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nei pomeriggi domenicali
frequentando lÂ’oratorio festivo delle Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice conosce le
suore, che decidono di chiedere la sua collaborazione in aiuto alla
comunità. Eusebia accetta più che volentieri e si mette subito allÂ’opera:
aiuta in cucina, porta la legna, provvede alle pulizie della casa, stende il
bucato nel grande cortile, va ad accompagnare il gruppo delle studentesse alla
scuola statale e svolge altre commissioni in città.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il desiderio segreto di
Eusebia, di consacrarsi interamente al Signore, accende e sostanzia ora più che
mai ogni sua preghiera, ogni suo atto. Dice: «Se compio con diligenza i miei
doveri farò piacere alla Vergine Maria e riuscirò ad essere un giorno sua
figlia nellÂ’Istituto». Non osa chiederlo, per la sua povertà e mancanza di
istruzione; non si ritiene degna di una tale grazia: è una congregazione tanto
grande – pensa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Superiora visitatrice,
alla quale si è confidata, la accoglie con materna bontà e la rassicura: «Non
ti preoccupare di nulla». E volentieri, a nome della Madre generale, decide di
ammetterla.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il 5 agosto inizia il
noviziato in preparazione alla professione. Ore di studio e di preghiera
alternate a quelle del lavoro scandiscono le giornate di Eusebia che è al
massimo della gioia. Dopo due anni - 1924 - pronuncia i voti religiosi che
la vincolano allÂ’amore del suo Signore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Viene assegnata alla casa
di Valverde del Camino, una cittadina che allÂ’epoca conta 9.000 abitanti,
allÂ’estremo sud-ovest della Spagna, nella zona mineraria dellÂ’Andalusia verso
il confine con il Portogallo. Le giovani della scuola e dellÂ’oratorio, al
primo incontro, non celano una certa delusione: la nuova arrivata è figura
piuttosto insignificante, piccola e pallida, non bella, con mani grosse e, per
di più, un brutto nome.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il mattino seguente la
piccola suora è al suo posto di lavoro: un lavoro multiforme che la impegna in
cucina, in portineria, in guardaroba, nella cura del piccolo orto e
nell’assistenza delle bimbe nell’oratorio festivo. Gode di “essere nella
casa del Signore per ogni giorno di vita”. E’ questa la situazione
“regale” di cui si sente onorato il suo spirito, che abita le sfere più alte
dellÂ’amore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le piccole sono presto
catturate dalle sue narrazioni di fatti missionari, o vite di santi, o episodi
di devozione mariana, o aneddoti di don Bosco, che ricorda grazie ad una felice
memoria e sa rendere attraenti e incisivi con la forza del suo sentire
convinto, della sua fede semplice.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tutto, in suor Eusebia,
riflette lÂ’amore di Dio e il desiderio forte di farlo amare: le sue
giornate operose ne sono trasparenza continua e lo confermano i temi prediletti
delle sue conversazioni: in primo luogo lÂ’amore di Gesù per tutti gli uomini,
che la sua Passione ha salvato. Le sante Piaghe di Gesù sono il libro che suor
Eusebia legge ogni giorno, e ne trae spunti didascalici attraverso una semplice
“coroncina” che consiglia a tutti, anche con frequenti accenni Nelle sue
lettere, si fa apostola della devozione allÂ’Amore misericordioso secondo
le rivelazioni di Gesù alla religiosa lituana – oggi Santa – Faustyna
Kowalska, divulgate in Spagna dal domenicano Padre Juan Arintero..<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’altro “polo” della
pietà vissuta e della catechesi di suor Eusebia è costituito dalla “vera
devozione mariana” insegnata dal santo Luigi M. Grignon de Montfort. Sarà
questa lÂ’anima e lÂ’arma dellÂ’apostolato di suor Eusebia per tutto lÂ’arco
della sua breve esistenza: destinatari ragazze, giovani, mamme di famiglia,
seminaristi, sacerdoti. «Forse non vi fu Parroco in tutta la Spagna – è detto
nei Processi – che non abbia ricevuto una lettera di suor Eusebia a proposito
della schiavitù mariana».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quando, allÂ’inizio degli
anni ‘30, la Spagna sta entrando nelle convulsioni della rivoluzione per la
rabbia dei senza-Dio votati allo sterminio della religione, suor Eusebia non
esita a portare alle conseguenze estreme quel principio di
“disponibilità”, pronta letteralmente a spogliarsi di tutto. Si offre al
Signore come vittima per la salvezza della Spagna, per la libertà della
religione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La vittima è accetta a
Dio. NellÂ’agosto 1932 un malore improvviso e le prime avvisaglie. Poi lÂ’asma,
che in momenti diversi la aveva disturbata, prende ora a tormentarla fino a
livelli di intollerabilità, aggravata da malesseri vari subentrati in modo
insidioso.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In questo tempo, visioni
di sangue addolorano suor Eusebia ancor più degli inspiegabili mali fisici. Il
4 ottobre 1934, mentre alcune consorelle pregano con lei nella cameretta
del suo sacrificio, si interrompe e impallidisce:«Pregate molto per la
Catalogna». EÂ’il momento iniziale di quella sollevazione operaia in Asturia e
di quella catalana a Barcelona (4-15 ottobre 1934) che saranno chiamate
«anticipo rivelatore». Visione di sangue anche per la sua cara Direttrice, suor
Carmen Moreno Benítez, che sarà fucilata con unÂ’altra consorella il 6
settembre 1936: oggi è stata dichiarata beata, dopo il riconoscimento del
martirio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Intanto i malanni di suor
Eusebia si aggravano: il medico curante ammette di non saper definire la
malattia che, aggiuntasi allÂ’asma, le fa accartocciare le membra riducendola a
un gomitolo. Chi la visita sente la forza morale e la luce di santità che
irradia da quelle povere membra doloranti, lasciando assolutamente intatta la
lucidità del pensiero, la delicatezza dei sentimenti e la gentilezza nel
tratto. Alle sorelle che la assistono promette:«Tornerò a fare i miei giretti»<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel cuore della notte fra
il 9 e il 10 febbraio 1935 suor Eusebia pare serenamente
addormentarsi. Per lÂ’intera giornata le fragili spoglie, adorne di
tantissimi fiori, sono visitate da tutta la popolazione di Valverde. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fra tutti ritorna la
stessa espressione:«EÂ’ morta una santa». <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_it.html">https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20040425_yenes_it.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Den salige Eusebia
Palomino Yenes (1899-1935)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Minnedag: <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/minnedager/?date=2024-02-10">10.
februar</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Den salige Eusebia
Palomino Yenes ble født den 15. desember 1899 i Cantalpino, en liten landsby i
provinsen Salamanca i regionen Castilla y León i Spania. Hun var den tredje av
fire barn i en familie som var rik på tro, men fattig på økonomiske midler.
Hennes far Agustín Palomino, som var en svært god og mild mann, arbeidet som
dagarbeider for jordeierne i området, mens hennes mor Juana Yenes de
Villaflores tok seg av huset med de fire barna. Til tross for fattigdommen var
Eusebia og hennes familie fredelige og fornøyde. Mens moren forberedte den
nøysomme middagen, leste faren katekismen for barna.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Om vinteren var det lite
å gjøre i landbruket, så familien sultet. Papa Palomino ble da tvunget til å
dra til nabolandsbyene og tigge og appellere til innbyggernes nestekjærlighet.
Noen ganger hadde han den syvårige Eusebia med seg, men hun skjønte ikke
ydmykelsen dette måtte innebære. Hun gledet seg til disse spaserturene på
landeveien sammen med faren, og glad hoppet hun ved siden av ham mens hun
beundret skaperverkets skjønnhet og Castillas lyse landskap.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Da Eusebia var seks år
gammel i 1906, begynte hun i første klasse på landsbyens folkeskole for jenter.
Ofte var hun ikke forberedt på skolen, fordi det stadig var behov for henne i
arbeidet. Men hun var intelligent og visste mange ting som de mer velstående
klassekameratene ikke visste. Som åtteåring mottok Eusebia sin første
kommunion. Ennå ikke ti år gammel gikk hun en dag etter sin far som forlot
hjemmet og gikk for å tigge i områder hvor hun ikke var kjent for å overleve.
På veien sang Eusebia og ba til <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/maria">Jomfru Maria</a> som
om hun snakket med sin mor.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Snart måtte hun forlate
skolen for å hjelpe familien, og hun passet barna til noen familier på stedet
mens foreldrene var på arbeid. Som tolvåring ble hun sendt til Salamanca sammen
med den eldre søsteren Dolores og satt i tjeneste hos en familie som
barnepasser og faktotum (en tjenestejente som gjør alt slags arbeid).
Hun så at de andre jentene hadde det moro med dans og støyende selskaper. Det
dukket da opp et ønske hos henne om å gjøre de samme tingene, men en indre
stemme sa til henne: «Dette er ikke noe for deg».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">På søndag ettermiddag
gikk hun i oratoriet ved skolen Spiritus Sancti, som var drevet av
salesianersøstrene, egentlig «Døtre av Maria, De kristnes hjelp» (Filiae
Mariae Auxiliatricis – FMA), som var grunnlagt av den hellige <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/jbosco">Johannes Don Bosco</a>.
Hun kjente søstrene, som bestemte seg for å be henne hjelpe til i kommuniteten.
Eusebia aksepterte mer enn gjerne, og hun hjalp til på kjøkkenet, bar ved,
hjalp til med rengjøringen, hang opp vasken på den store gårdsplassen, fulgte
gruppen av studenter til den statlige skolen og utførte andre oppdrag i byen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eusebias hemmelige ønske
var å vie seg fullstendig til Herren som ordenssøster, men hun turde ikke
spørre, for hun trodde at hennes fattigdom og mangel på utdannelse gjorde henne
uverdig for en slik nåde. Hun betrodde seg imidlertid til en besøkende
superior, salesianernes generalinspektør Giuseppe Binelli fra Roma, som tok
imot henne med faderlig godhet og forsikret henne: «Ikke bekymre deg for
ingenting». Og med glede og i generalmoderens navn bestemte han seg for å oppta
Eusebia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">5. mai 1922 mottok
Eusebia ordensdrakten, og den 5. august 1922 begynte novisiatet som
forberedelse for løfteavleggelsen. Timer med studier og bønn som alternerte med
timer med arbeid, fylte Eusebias liv, og etter to år avla hun sine løfter. Hun
ble sendt til huset i Valverde del Camino i provinsen Huelva, en by som da
hadde 9 000 innbyggere helt sørvest i Spania, i gruveområdet i Andalucía
mot grensen til Portugal. De unge menneskene i skolen og oratoriet kunne etter
det første møtet ikke skjule en viss skuffelse, for den nyankomne var
ubetydelig og stygg, heller liten og blek, ingen vakker figur og store hender.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Om ettermiddagen var den
lille nonnen i gang med arbeidet i kjøkkenet, porten, garderoben, den lille
hagen og med å passe barna i oratoriet på søndagene. Hun gledet seg over å være
«i Herrens hus for resten av livet». Det varte ikke lenge før barna var
fascinert av historiene hun fortalte dem om helgenenes liv, om misjonærer og
anekdoter om Don Bosco, for hun hadde en god hukommelse og evne til å fortelle
en historie. I 1930 avla hun sine høytidelige løfter.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I begynnelsen av
1930-tallet var Spania preget av politisk uro og revolusjon, og de
revolusjonære ville utrydde religionen. I denne situasjonen nølte Eusebia ikke
med å ta den ekstreme konsekvensen av sitt prinsipp om alltid å være
tilgjengelig. I 1931, da hun forutså Den spanske borgerkrig (1936-39), ga hun
seg selv som et offer til Herren for Spanias redning og religionens frihet.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hennes offer ble
akseptert av Gud. I august 1932 ble hun rammet av en uventet sykdom, samtidig
med de første forpostfektningene. I tillegg kom astmaen som hun til tider hadde
vært plaget med, og den ble nå nærmest uutholdelig, forverret av underliggende
sykdommer på en lumsk måte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I denne tiden ga visjoner
av blod enda mer smerte til sr. Eusebia enn de uforklarlige fysiske lidelsene.
Den 4. oktober 1934, mens noen søstre ba sammen med henne i hennes lille rom,
avbrøt hun plutselig bønnen og utbrøt: «Be mye for Catalonia!» Det var i det
øyeblikket (4.-15. oktober 1934) at arbeiderne i Asturias og Barcelona startet
revolusjonen som var forløperen for borgerkrigen. Eusebia hadde også visjoner
av blod for sin elskede direktør, den salige sr. <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/32spasales">Maria del Carmen
Moreno Benítez</a> FMA, som skulle komme til å bli skutt sammen med en
medsøster i Barcelona den 6. september 1936. Hun ble saligkåret den 11. mars
2001 som en av De 233 martyrene fra Den spanske borgerkrig.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eusebias helsetilstand
ble stadig dårligere, selv om legene innrømmet at de ikke hadde noe navn på
sykdommen som fikk hennes lemmer til å kveile seg sammen som nøster. De
besøkende følte dødens nærhet, men også det hellighetens lys som strålte fra
den syke kroppen. Tidlig om morgenen den 10. februar 1935 døde Eusebia i
Valverde del Camino i Spania, bare 35 år gammel. Hele dagen ble hennes legeme,
utsmykket med utallige blomster, besøkt av hele befolkningen i Valverde. Blant
alle kunne man høre: «En helgen er død».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Den 17. desember 1996 ble
hennes «heroiske dyder» anerkjent av den hellige pave <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/johpaul2">Johannes Paul II</a> (1978-2005)
og hun fikk tittelen Venerabilis («Ærverdig»). Den 20. desember 2003
undertegnet paven dekretet fra Helligkåringskongregasjonen som godkjente et
mirakel på hennes forbønn. Den 25. april 2004 ble hun saligkåret av paven på
Petersplassen i Roma. Hennes minnedag er dødsdagen 10. februar, mens den
salesianske familie minnes henne den 9. februar.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/kilder">Kilder</a>: Wirth (7),
CSO, Patron Saints SQPN, santiebeati.it, es.wikipedia.org, vatican.va, EWTN/OR,
salesianos-madrid.com - Kompilasjon og oversettelse: <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/innenriks/peodden">p. Per Einar Odden</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Opprettet: 7. juli 2005<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/epalomino">http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/epalomino</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-55913486679392183322024-02-06T15:32:00.000-08:002024-02-06T16:01:53.186-08:00Saint PAUL VI, EXHORTATION APOSTOLIQUE MARIALIS CULTUS<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/WLA_metmuseum_Poligny_Virgin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="535" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/WLA_metmuseum_Poligny_Virgin.jpg" width="214" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Claus de Werve (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a> en <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1380" title="1380">1380</a> - † 8
octobre 1439 à <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a>), Vierge à l'Enfant, appelée aussi Vierge de Poligny,
pierre calcaire, polychromie et dorure, 1420, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>.
Anciennement au <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_Sainte-Claire_de_Poligny" title="Monastère Sainte-Claire de Poligny">couvent des Clarisses de Poligny</a>,
Bourgogne.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">EXHORTATION APOSTOLIQUE</b></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">MARIALIS CULTUS</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">DE SA SAINTETÉ LE PAPE</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">PAUL VI</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">SUR LE CULTE DE LA VIERGE MARIE</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></b></div></b><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vénérables Frères,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Salut et Bénédiction
apostolique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Depuis que nous avons été
élevé au siège de Pierre, nous nous sommes constamment efforcé d’intensifier le
culte marial, non seulement pour répondre au sentiment de l’Église et à notre
inclination personnelle, mais aussi parce que ce culte, comme on le sait, tient
une place très noble dans l’ensemble du culte sacré, où se rencontrent le faîte
de la sagesse et le sommet de la religion [<a name="_ftnref1"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn1"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;">1</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;"></span>] et qui constitue donc une tâche
primordiale du Peuple de Dieu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est justement en vue
d’une telle tâche que nous avons sans cesse aidé et encouragé la grande œuvre
de la réforme liturgique promue par le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
œcuménique Vatican II</a>, et ce n’est certes pas sans un dessein particulier
de la divine Providence que le premier document conciliaire que, en union avec
les vénérables Pères, nous avons approuvé et signé « dans l’Esprit Saint » fut
la Constitution <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a>, qui se proposait précisément de restaurer et de développer la
liturgie, en rendant plus bénéfique la participation des fidèles aux mystères
divins [<a name="_ftnref2"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn2"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref2;">2</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref2;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref2;"></span>]. Depuis lors, bien des actes de notre
pontificat ont eu pour but l’amélioration du culte rendu à Dieu, comme le
montre le fait d’avoir promulgué ces dernières années nombre de livres du Rite
romain, restaurés selon les principes et les normes de ce même Concile. Nous en
remercions vivement le Seigneur, auteur de tout bien, et nous sommes
reconnaissant aux Conférences épiscopales et à chacun des évêques, qui, de
diverses manières, ont collaboré avec nous à la préparation de ces livres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mais, tout en considérant
avec joie et gratitude le travail accompli et les premiers résultats positifs
du renouveau liturgique, qui sont destinés à se multiplier au fur et à mesure
que la réforme sera mieux comprise dans ses motivations profondes et
correctement appliquée, notre sollicitude vigilante ne cesse de se tourner vers
tout ce qui peut permettre de réaliser de façon ordonnée la restauration du
culte par lequel l’Église, en esprit et en vérité (cf. Jn 4, 24),
adore le Père, le Fils et l’Esprit Saint, vénère avec un amour particulier la
bienheureuse Marie, Mère de Dieu [<a name="_ftnref3"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn3"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;">3</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"></span>] » et honore avec un religieux respect la
mémoire des martyrs et des autres saints.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le développement, que
nous souhaitons, de la dévotion envers la Vierge Marie, dévotion qui, nous
l’avons dit plus haut, s’insère au centre du culte unique appelé à bon droit
chrétien – car c’est du Christ qu’il tire son origine et son efficacité, c’est
dans le Christ qu’il trouve sa pleine expression et c’est par le Christ que,
dans l’Esprit, il conduit au Père –, est un des éléments qui qualifient la
piété authentique de l’Église. Par nécessité intime, en effet, celle-ci reflète
dans la pratique du culte le plan rédempteur de Dieu : à la place toute
spéciale que Marie y a tenue correspond un culte tout spécial envers elle [<a name="_ftnref4"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn4"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref4;">4</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref4;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref4;"></span>] ; de même chaque développement
authentique du culte chrétien entraîne nécessairement un accroissement
proportionné de vénération pour la Mère du Seigneur. Du reste, l’histoire de la
piété montre comment « les formes diverses de piété envers la Mère de Dieu, que
l’Église a approuvées, en les maintenant dans les limites d’une saine doctrine
orthodoxe » [<a name="_ftnref5"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref5;">5</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref5;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref5;"></span>], se développent dans une subordination
harmonieuse au culte du Christ et gravitent autour de lui comme autour de leur
point de référence naturel et nécessaire. Ainsi en advient-il également à notre
époque.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La réflexion de l’Église
contemporaine sur le mystère du Christ et sur sa propre nature l’a amenée à
trouver, à la racine du premier et comme couronnement de la seconde, la même
figure de femme : la Vierge Marie, Mère précisément du Christ et Mère de
l’Église. Et la connaissance plus profonde de la mission de Marie s’est
transformée en vénération joyeuse envers elle et en respect plein d’adoration
pour le sage dessein de Dieu, qui a placé dans sa Famille – l’Église –, comme
en tout foyer domestique, la figure d’une femme qui, discrètement et en esprit
de service, veille sur elle « et dirige sa marche vers la patrie, jusqu’à ce
que vienne dans la gloire le jour du Seigneur » [<a name="_ftnref6"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn6"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref6;">6</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref6;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref6;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">À notre époque, les
changements survenus dans les mœurs, dans la sensibilité des peuples, dans les
modes d’expression de la littérature et des arts, dans les formes de
communication sociale ont influencé également les manifestations du sentiment religieux.
Certaines pratiques cultuelles qui, naguère encore, s’avéraient aptes à
exprimer le sentiment religieux des individus et des communautés chrétiennes,
semblent aujourd’hui insuffisantes ou inadaptées parce que liées à des schémas
socioculturels du passé, alors qu’un peu partout on cherche de nouvelles formes
d’expression de l’immuable rapport des créatures avec leur Créateur, des fils
avec leur Père. Cela peut amener certains à être momentanément désorientés :
mais si, en esprit de confiance en Dieu, on réfléchit sur de tels phénomènes,
on découvre que bien des tendances de la piété contemporaine – par exemple
l’intériorisation du sentiment religieux – sont appelées à concourir au
développement de la piété chrétienne en général et de la piété envers la Vierge
en particulier. Ainsi notre époque, fidèlement à l’écoute de la tradition et
attentive aux progrès de la théologie et des sciences, apportera sa
contribution à la louange de Celle que, selon les paroles prophétiques, toutes
les générations proclameront bienheureuse (cf. Lc 1, 48).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nous estimons donc qu’il
est du ressort de notre service apostolique de traiter, comme en un dialogue
avec vous, vénérables Frères, quelques thèmes relatifs à la place que la
bienheureuse Vierge occupe dans le culte de l’Église. Ces thèmes ont déjà été
abordés en partie par le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> [<a name="_ftnref7"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn7"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref7;">7</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref7;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref7;"></span>] et par Nous-même [<a name="_ftnref8"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn8"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref8;">8</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref8;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref8;"></span>] ; mais il n’est pas inutile d’y revenir
pour dissiper des doutes et, surtout, pour favoriser le développement de cette
dévotion à la Vierge qui, dans l’Église, trouve ses motivations dans la Parole
de Dieu et s’exerce dans l’Esprit du Christ.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nous voudrions, par
conséquent, nous arrêter sur quelques questions concernant les rapports entre
la liturgie et le culte de la Vierge (<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#PREMI%C3%88RE_PARTIE">I</a>)
; proposer des considérations et des directives aptes à favoriser le légitime
développement de ce culte (<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#DEUXI%C3%88ME_PARTIE">II</a>)
; enfin, suggérer quelques réflexions pour une reprise vigoureuse et plus
consciente de la récitation du Rosaire, dont la pratique a été recommandée avec
insistance par nos prédécesseurs et s’est tellement répandue dans le peuple
chrétien (<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#TROISI%C3%88ME_PARTIE">III</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a name="PREMI%C3%88RE_PARTIE"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">PREMIÈRE
PARTIE</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">.<br />
LE CULTE DE LA VIERGE MARIE DANS LA LITURGIE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. En nous disposant à
traiter de la place que la Vierge Marie occupe dans le culte chrétien, il nous
faut en premier lieu tourner notre attention vers la liturgie ; celle-ci
possède en effet, outre un riche contenu doctrinal, une incomparable efficacité
pastorale, et elle a une valeur exemplaire bien connue pour les autres formes
de culte. Nous aurions voulu considérer les diverses liturgies de l’Orient et
de l’Occident mais, eu égard au but du présent document, nous envisagerons
presque exclusivement les livres du Rite romain ; seul ce dernier, en effet, a
été l’objet, à la suite des normes pratiques établies par le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> [<a name="_ftnref9"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn9"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref9;">9</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref9;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref9;"></span>], d’un profond renouveau même en ce qui
concerne les expressions de vénération pour Marie, et il demande donc à être
attentivement considéré et apprécié.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SECTION 1</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
La Vierge dans la liturgie romaine rénovée</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. La réforme de la
liturgie romaine supposait au préalable une révision attentive de son
Calendrier général. Celui-ci, destiné à organiser avec le relief qui convient
la célébration à jours fixes de l’œuvre salvifique en déployant tout le mystère
du Christ pendant le cycle de l’année, depuis l’Incarnation jusqu’à l’attente
de son retour glorieux [<a name="_ftnref10"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn10"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref10;">10</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref10;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref10;"></span>], a permis d’introduire de façon plus
organique, et en marquant davantage le lien qui les unit, la mémoire de la Mère
dans le cycle annuel des mystères de son Fils.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. Ainsi, au temps de
l’Avent, outre l’occasion de la solennité du 8 décembre – où l’on célèbre
conjointement la Conception immaculée de Marie, la préparation fondamentale
(cf. Is 11, 1, 10) à la venue du Sauveur et l’heureuse aurore de
l’Église sans ride ni tache [<a name="_ftnref11"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn11"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref11;">11</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref11;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref11;"></span>] – la liturgie rappelle fréquemment la
figure de la Vierge, surtout aux féries du 17 au 24 décembre, et plus
particulièrement le dimanche qui précède Noël, jour où elle fait retentir les
voix antiques des prophètes sur la Vierge Mère et sur le Messie [<a name="_ftnref12"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn12"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref12;">12</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref12;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref12;"></span>] et fait lire des passages de l’Évangile
relatifs à la naissance imminente du Christ et du Précurseur [<a name="_ftnref13"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn13"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref13;">13</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref13;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref13;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. De cette façon, les
fidèles qui, avec la liturgie, vivent, l’esprit de l’Avent, en considérant
l’amour ineffable avec lequel la Vierge Mère attendait le Fils [<a name="_ftnref14"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn14"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref14;">14</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref14;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref14;"></span>], seront amenés à la prendre comme
modèle et à se préparer à aller à la rencontre du Sauveur qui vient, «
vigilants dans la prière et remplis d’allégresse » [<a name="_ftnref15"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn15"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref15;">15</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref15;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref15;"></span>]. Nous voulons faire observer également
que la liturgie de l’Avent, en unissant l’attente messianique et l’attente du
retour glorieux du Christ avec la mémoire pleine d’admiration de sa Mère,
présente un heureux équilibre cultuel qui peut être pris comme règle pour
empêcher toute tendance à séparer – comme il est arrivé parfois dans certaines
formes de piété populaire – le culte de la Vierge de son point de référence
indispensable: le Christ. Il en résulte que cette période, comme l’ont fait
observer les liturgistes, doit être considérée comme un moment particulièrement
adapté au culte de la Mère du Seigneur ; nous confirmons cette orientation et
souhaitons que partout on l’accueille et la suive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. Le temps de Noël
constitue une commémoration prolongée de la maternité divine, virginale,
salvifique, de Celle qui, « dans sa virginité parfaite, enfanta le Sauveur du
monde » [<a name="_ftnref16"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn16"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref16;">16</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref16;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref16;"></span>]. En effet, en la solennité de la
Nativité du Seigneur, l’Église, tout en adorant le divin Sauveur, vénère sa
Mère glorieuse ; à l’Épiphanie, tandis qu’elle célèbre la vocation universelle
au salut, elle contemple la Vierge, vrai siège de la Sagesse, vraie Mère du
Roi, qui présente à l’adoration des Mages le Rédempteur de tous les peuples
(cf. Mt 2, 11) ; et en la fête de la Sainte Famille de Jésus, Marie
et Joseph (dimanche dans l’octave de Noël), elle contemple avec vénération la
vie sainte que mènent dans la maison de Nazareth Jésus, Fils de Dieu et Fils de
l’homme, Marie, sa mère et Joseph, homme droit (cf. Mt 1, 19).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l’ordonnance
réformée du temps de Noël, il nous semble que tous doivent tourner leur
attention vers la réinstauration de la solennité de Sainte Marie, Mère de Dieu
; ainsi placée au 1er janvier selon l’ancienne coutume de la liturgie de Rome,
elle est destinée à célébrer la part qu’a eue Marie au mystère du salut et à
exalter la dignité particulière qui en découle pour la « Mère très sainte… qui
nous a mérité d’accueillir l’Auteur de la vie » [<a name="_ftnref17"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn17"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref17;">17</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref17;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref17;"></span>]. Elle constitue par ailleurs une excellente
occasion pour renouveler notre adoration au Nouveau-Né, Prince de la Paix, pour
écouter à nouveau le joyeux message des anges (cf. Lc 2, 14), pour
implorer de Dieu, par la médiation de la Reine de la Paix, le don suprême de la
paix. C’est pour cette raison qu’en l’heureuse coïncidence de l’octave de la
Nativité du Seigneur et du 1er janvier, journée de vœux, nous avons
institué la Journée mondiale de la Paix, qui reçoit de plus en plus d’adhésions
et produit déjà dans le cœur de beaucoup des fruits de paix.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. Aux deux solennités
déjà évoquées – l’Immaculée Conception et la Maternité divine – il faut ajouter
les antiques et vénérables célébrations du 25 mars et du 15 août.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pour la solennité de
l’Incarnation du Verbe, on a repris dans le Calendrier Romain, par une décision
motivée, l’ancienne appellation « Annonciation du Seigneur », mais la
célébration était et reste une fête conjointe du Christ et de la Vierge : fête
du Verbe qui se fait « fils de Marie » (Mc 6, 3), fête de la Vierge qui
devient Mère de Dieu. En ce qui concerne le Christ, l’Orient et l’Occident,
dans les inépuisables richesses de leurs liturgies, célèbrent cette solennité
comme mémoire du fiat salvifique du Verbe incarné qui, entrant dans le monde,
dit : « Voici, je viens … pour faire, ô Dieu, ta volonté » (cf. He 10,
7 ; Ps 39, 8-9) ; comme commémoration du début de la rédemption et de
l’union intime et indissoluble de la nature divine avec la nature humaine dans
l’unique Personne du Verbe. En ce qui concerne Marie, cette solennité apparaît
comme la fête de la nouvelle Eve, vierge obéissante et fidèle qui, grâce à son
généreux fiat (cf. Lc 1, 38), devint, par l’œuvre de l’Esprit, Mère
de Dieu, mais aussi vraie mère de tous les vivants et, par l’accueil en son
sein de l’unique Médiateur (cf. 1 Tm 2, 5), véritable Arche
d’Alliance et véritable Temple de Dieu ; c’est donc la mémoire d’un moment
culminant du dialogue de salut entre Dieu et l’homme, et une commémoration du
libre consentement de la Vierge et de son concours au plan rédempteur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La solennité du 15 août
célèbre la glorieuse Assomption de Marie au ciel ; fête de son destin de
plénitude et de béatitude, de la glorification de son âme immaculée et de son
corps virginal, de sa parfaite configuration au Christ ressuscité. C’est une fête
qui propose à l’Église et à l’humanité l’image et la confirmation consolante
que. se réalisera l’espérance finale : cette glorification totale est en effet
le destin de tous ceux que le Christ a fait frères, ayant avec eux « en commun
le sang et la chair » (He 2, 14 ; cf. Ga 4, 4). La solennité de
l’Assomption se prolonge dans la célébration de sainte Marie Reine, qui a lieu
une semaine après et dans laquelle on contemple Celle qui, assise aux côtés du
Roi des siècles, resplendit comme Reine et intercède comme Mère [<a name="_ftnref18"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn18"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref18;">18</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref18;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref18;"></span>]. Cela fait donc quatre solennités qui
marquent, avec le plus haut degré liturgique, les principales vérités
dogmatiques concernant l’humble Servante du Seigneur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. Après ces solennités,
il faut considérer avant tout quelques célébrations commémorant des événements
du salut dans lesquels la Vierge fut étroitement associée à son Fils, telles
les fêtes de la Nativité de Marie (8 septembre), « qui fit lever sur le monde
l’espérance et l’aurore du salut » [<a name="_ftnref19"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn19"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref19;">19</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref19;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref19;"></span>] ; de la Visitation (31 mai), dans
laquelle la liturgie évoque la « bienheureuse Vierge Marie (…) portant en elle
son Fils » [<a name="_ftnref20"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn20"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref20;">20</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref20;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref20;"></span>], qui se rend auprès d’Élisabeth pour
lui apporter son aide charitable et proclamer la miséricorde du Dieu Sauveur [<a name="_ftnref21"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn21"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref21;">21</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref21;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref21;"></span>] ; ou aussi la miséricorde de Notre-Dame
des Douleurs (15 septembre), excellente occasion pour revivre un moment décisif
de l’histoire du salut et pour vénérer la Mère, debout près de la croix de son
Fils, « associée à ses souffrances » [<a name="_ftnref22"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn22"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref22;">22</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref22;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref22;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La fête du 2 février, à
laquelle a été restituée l’appellation « Présentation du Seigneur », doit
également être présente à l’esprit, afin d’en recueillir la grande richesse.
C’est une mémoire conjuguée du Fils et de la Mère, c’est-à-dire la célébration
d’un mystère du salut opéré par le Christ, auquel la Vierge fut intimement unie
en tant que Mère du Serviteur souffrant de Yahvé, en tant qu’exécutrice d’une
mission qui appartenait à l’ancien Israël et en tant que figure du nouveau
Peuple de Dieu, continuellement éprouvé dans sa foi et dans son espérance, par
la souffrance et par la persécution (cf. Lc 2, 21-35).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. Si le Calendrier
Romain restauré met surtout en relief les célébrations rappelées ci-dessus, il
contient toutefois d’autres types de mémoires ou de fêtes liées à un motif de
culte local mais qui ont acquis une résonance plus vaste (11 février : Notre-Dame
de Lourdes ; 5 août : Dédicace de la basilique de Sainte-Marie-Majeure) ;
d’autres, célébrées à l’origine par des familles religieuses particulières,
mais qui aujourd’hui, en raison de leur diffusion, peuvent être considérées
comme vraiment ecclésiales (16 juillet : Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel ; 7 octobre
: Notre-Dame du Rosaire) ; d’autres encore qui, par-delà les données
apocryphes, ont un contenu présentant une haute valeur exemplaire et prolongent
de vénérables traditions nées surtout en Orient (21 novembre : la Présentation
de la bienheureuse Vierge Marie) ou expriment des orientations qui se sont fait
jour dans la piété contemporaine (samedi de la troisième semaine après la
Pentecôte Cœur Immaculé de Marie).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">9. Il ne faut pas oublier
que le Calendrier Romain général ne mentionne pas toutes les célébrations
mariales ; c’est en effet aux Calendriers particuliers qu’il appartient de
recevoir, en toute fidélité aux normes liturgiques mais aussi avec un cordial
esprit d’accueil, les fêtes mariales propres aux différentes Églises locales.
Et nous devons mentionner également la possibilité d’une fréquente
commémoration liturgique de la Vierge en recourant à la mémoire de Sainte Marie
le samedi : c’est une mémoire antique et discrète que la souplesse du Calendrier
actuel et la multiplicité des formulaires du Missel rendent extrêmement aisée
et variée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">10. Nous n’avons pas
l’intention, dans cette Exhortation apostolique, de passer en revue tout le
contenu du nouveau Missel Romain ; mais, pour répondre à la tâche que nous nous
sommes fixée à l’égard des livres restaurés du Rite romain [<a name="_ftnref23"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn23"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref23;">23</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref23;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref23;"></span>], nous voudrions relever quelques-uns de
leurs aspects et de leurs thèmes. Il nous plaît avant tout de noter que les
prières eucharistiques du Missel, convergeant admirablement avec les liturgies
orientales [<a name="_ftnref24"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24;">24</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24;"></span>], contiennent une mémoire significative
de la bienheureuse Vierge. Tel le très ancien Canon Romain, qui commémore la
Mère du Seigneur en termes denses de doctrine et de souffle cultuel : « Dans la
communion de toute l’Église nous voulons nommer en premier lieu la bienheureuse
Marie toujours Vierge, Mère de notre Dieu et Seigneur, Jésus-Christ » ; telle
aussi la récente prière eucharistique III, qui exprime par une supplication
intense le désir des fidèles de partager avec la Mère l’héritage qui revient à
des fils : « Que l’Esprit Saint fasse de nous une éternelle offrande à ta
gloire (du Père), pour que nous obtenions un jour les biens du monde à venir,
auprès de la Vierge Marie, la bienheureuse Mère de Dieu… ». Cette commémoration
quotidienne, par la place qu’elle occupe au cœur du Sacrifice divin, doit être
considérée comme une forme particulièrement expressive du culte rendu par
l’Église à la « Bien-Aimée du Très-Haut » (cf. Lc 1, 28).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">11. Parcourant ensuite
les textes du Missel restauré, nous voyons comment les grands thèmes mariaux de
l’eucologie romaine – la Conception immaculée et la plénitude de grâce, la
maternité divine, la virginité parfaite et féconde, le temple de l’Esprit
Saint, la coopération à l’œuvre de son Fils, la sainteté exemplaire,
l’intercession miséricordieuse, l’Assomption au ciel, la royauté maternelle,
etc. – y ont été accueillis en parfaite continuité doctrinale avec le passé ;
et aussi comment d’autres thèmes, nouveaux en un certain sens, y ont été
introduits, en non moins parfaite correspondance avec les développements
théologiques de notre temps. Ainsi, par exemple, le thème Marie-Église est
entré dans les textes du Missel, avec une variété d’aspects répondant à la
variété des rapports qui existent entre la Mère du Christ et l’Église. Ces
textes, en effet, voient dans la Conception immaculée de la Vierge la
préfiguration de l’Église, épouse sans tache du Christ [<a name="_ftnref25"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn25"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref25;">25</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref25;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref25;"></span>] ; dans l’Assomption, ils reconnaissent
le commencement déjà réalisé et l’image de ce qui doit encore s’accomplir pour
l’ensemble de l’Église [<a name="_ftnref26"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn26"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref26;">26</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref26;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref26;"></span>] ; dans le mystère de la Maternité, ils
la proclament Mère du Chef et des membres, par conséquent Mère de Dieu et Mère
de l’Église [<a name="_ftnref27"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn27"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref27;">27</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref27;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref27;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lorsque par ailleurs la
liturgie tourne son regard vers l’Église tant primitive que contemporaine, elle
y retrouve toujours Marie : là, comme présence priante avec les Apôtres [<a name="_ftnref28"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn28"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref28;">28</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref28;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref28;"></span>] ; ici, comme présence agissante avec
laquelle l’Église veut vivre le mystère du Christ : « … accorde à ton Église de
s’unir, avec elle (Marie), à la passion du Christ, afin d’avoir part à sa
résurrection » [<a name="_ftnref29"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn29"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref29;">29</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref29;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref29;"></span>]; et comme voix chantant la louange de
Dieu : « … que nous puissions avec elle (Marie) te magnifier éternellement [<a name="_ftnref30"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn30"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref30;">30</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref30;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref30;"></span>] ». Et puisque la liturgie est un culte
qui exige une conduite cohérente de la vie, elle élève sa supplication pour que
le culte de la Vierge se traduise par un amour concret et souffrant pour
l’Église, comme le propose de manière admirable la prière après la communion du
15 septembre : « … en nous rappelant la compassion de la Vierge Marie,
puissions-nous accomplir en nous pour l’Église ce qu’il reste encore à souffrir
des épreuves du Christ. »<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">12. Le Lectionnaire de la
messe est un des livres du Rite romain qui a largement bénéficié de la réforme
postconciliaire, tant par le nombre des textes ajoutés que par leur valeur
intrinsèque. Il s’agit, en effet, de textes qui contiennent la Parole de Dieu,
toujours vivante et efficace (cf. He 4, 12). Cette grande abondance
de lectures bibliques a permis d’exposer, au cours d’un cycle établi sur trois
ans, toute l’histoire du salut, et de proposer d’une manière plus complète le
mystère du Christ. Il en est résulté, et c’est une conséquence logique, que le
Lectionnaire contient un nombre plus important de lectures de l’Ancien et du
Nouveau Testament concernant la Vierge. Cette augmentation numérique s’est
accompagnée toutefois d’une critique sereine, puisque l’on a retenu seulement
les lectures qui, en raison de l’évidence de leur contenu ou des indications
d’une exégèse attentive, confirmée par les enseignements du Magistère ou par
une solide tradition, peuvent être considérées, même d’une manière différente
et selon des degrés divers, comme ayant un caractère marial. Il convient de
noter en outre que ces lectures ne se présentent pas seulement à l’occasion des
fêtes de la Vierge, mais qu’elles sont proclamées en bien d’autres
circonstances à certains dimanches de l’année liturgique [<a name="_ftnref31"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn31"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref31;">31</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref31;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref31;"></span>], lors de la célébration de rites qui
intéressent profondément la vie sacramentelle du chrétien et ses choix [<a name="_ftnref32"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn32"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref32;">32</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref32;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref32;"></span>], ou encore des moments joyeux ou
douloureux de son existence [<a name="_ftnref33"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn33"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref33;">33</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref33;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref33;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">13. Le livre réformé de
l’Office divin, la Liturgie des Heures, contient lui aussi des témoignages
éminents de piété envers la Mère du Seigneur ; par exemple dans les hymnes,
parmi lesquelles on peut remarquer quelques chefs-d'œuvre de la littérature
universelle, telle l’admirable prière de Dante à la Vierge [<a name="_ftnref34"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn34"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref34;">34</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref34;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref34;"></span>] ; dans les antiennes qui rythment la
récitation quotidienne, implorations lyriques auxquelles a été ajouté le
célèbre tropaire Sub tuum praesidium, vénérable d’antiquité et admirable
de contenu, dans les prières d’intercession de Laudes et de Vêpres, dans
lesquelles il n’est pas rare de rencontrer un recours confiant à la Mère de
miséricorde ; dans la très vaste sélection de pages mariales dues à des auteurs
des premiers siècles du christianisme, du Moyen Âge et de l’époque moderne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">14. Si dans le Missel,
dans le Lectionnaire et dans la Liturgie des Heures, sur lesquels
s’articule la prière liturgique romaine, la mémoire de la Vierge revient avec
un rythme fréquent, les expressions d’amour et de vénération suppliante envers
la « Theotokos » ne manquent pas non plus dans les autres livres
liturgiques révisés. Ainsi, l’Église invoque la Mère de toute grâce avant de
plonger les candidats dans les eaux salutaires du baptême [<a name="_ftnref35"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn35"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref35;">35</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref35;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref35;"></span>] ; elle implore son intercession pour
les mères qui, reconnaissantes pour le don de la maternité, se rendent joyeuses
à l’Église [<a name="_ftnref36"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn36"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref36;">36</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref36;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref36;"></span>] ; elle la présente comme exemple à ses
membres qui s’engagent à suivre le Christ dans la vie religieuse [<a name="_ftnref37"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn37"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref37;">37</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref37;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref37;"></span>] ou reçoivent la consécration virginale
[<a name="_ftnref38"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn38"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref38;">38</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref38;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref38;"></span>], et pour eux elle demande son secours
maternel [<a name="_ftnref39"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn39"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref39;">39</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref39;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref39;"></span>] ; elle lui adresse une prière instante
pour ses fils arrivés à l’heure du trépas [<a name="_ftnref40"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn40"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref40;">40</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref40;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref40;"></span>] ; elle demande son intervention pour
ceux qui, ayant fermé les yeux à la lumière d’ici-bas, ont comparu devant le
Christ, Lumière éternelle [<a name="_ftnref41"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn41"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref41;">41</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref41;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref41;"></span>], et, par son intercession, elle appelle
le réconfort sur ceux qui, plongés dans la douleur, pleurent avec foi la
disparition des leurs [<a name="_ftnref42"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn42"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref42;">42</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref42;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref42;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">15. L’examen des livres
liturgiques restaurés entraîne donc une constatation réconfortante : la réforme
postconciliaire, comme le souhaitait déjà le Mouvement liturgique, a considéré
sous une perspective très juste la Vierge dans le mystère du Christ, et, en
harmonie avec la tradition, elle lui a reconnu la place particulière qui lui
convient dans le culte chrétien en tant que Mère de Dieu et Associée du
Rédempteur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il ne pouvait en être
autrement. En parcourant, en effet, l’histoire du culte chrétien, on note que,
en Orient comme en Occident, les expressions les plus élevées et les plus
claires de la piété envers la Vierge ont fleuri dans le cadre de la liturgie ou
lui ont été incorporées.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nous voulons le souligner
: le culte que l’Église universelle rend aujourd’hui à la Toute Sainte découle,
en le prolongeant et en l’accroissant de manière incessante, du culte que
l’Église de tous les temps lui a voué avec un scrupuleux respect de la vérité
et en veillant toujours à la noblesse des formes. De la tradition impérissable,
toujours vivante grâce à la présence ininterrompue de l’Esprit et à l’écoute
continuelle de la Parole, l’Église de notre temps tire des motifs, des raisons
et un stimulant pour le culte qu’elle rend elle-même à la Vierge. Et de cette
tradition vivante, la liturgie, qui reçoit appui et force du Magistère, est une
expression très haute et une confirmation probante.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SECTION 2</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
La Vierge, modèle de l’Église, dans l’exercice du culte</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">16. Nous voudrions
maintenant, en suivant quelques indications de la doctrine conciliaire sur
Marie et l’Église, approfondir un aspect particulier des rapports existant
entre Marie et la liturgie, autrement dit : Marie, modèle de l’attitude spirituelle
avec laquelle l’Église célèbre et vit les divins mystères. L’exemplarité de la
Vierge en ce domaine vient de ce qu’elle est reconnue comme le meilleur modèle
de l’Église dans l’ordre de la foi, de la charité et de la parfaite union au
Christ [<a name="_ftnref43"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn43"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref43;">43</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref43;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref43;"></span>], c’est-à-dire de cette disposition
intérieure qui inspire l’Église, l’Épouse bien-aimée, étroitement associée à son
Seigneur, lorsqu’elle invoque celui-ci et, par lui, rend le culte qui est dû au
Père éternel [<a name="_ftnref44"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn44"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref44;">44</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref44;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref44;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">17. Marie est la Virgo
audiens, la Vierge qui écoute, qui accueille la Parole de Dieu avec foi ; une
foi qui fut pour elle l’acte préliminaire et le chemin conduisant à la
maternité divine, puisque selon l’intuition de saint Augustin, « celui (Jésus)
que, dans la foi, Marie mit au monde, c’est dans la foi qu’elle le conçut » [<a name="_ftnref45"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn45"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref45;">45</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref45;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref45;"></span>]. En effet, après avoir reçu de l’Ange
la réponse à son doute (cf. Lc 1, 34-37), « elle dit avec une foi
entière, et concevant Jésus dans son âme avant de le concevoir dans ses
entrailles, «voici la servante du Seigneur, qu’il me soit fait selon ta parole»
(Lc 1, 38) » [<a name="_ftnref46"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn46"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref46;">46</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref46;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref46;"></span>]. Cette foi fut pour elle cause de
béatitude et source de certitude quant à la réalisation de la promesse: « et
bienheureuse Celle qui a cru dans l’accomplissement des paroles du Seigneur » (Lc 1,
45). Et avec cette même foi, en acteur capital et témoin privilégié de
l’Incarnation, elle revenait sur les événements de l’enfance du Christ, en les
recueillant au plus profond de son cœur (cf. Lc 2, 19, 51). C’est ce
que fait également l’Église, surtout dans la liturgie : avec foi elle écoute la
parole de Dieu, l’accueille, la proclame, la vénère, la distribue aux fidèles
comme pain de vie [<a name="_ftnref47"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn47"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref47;">47</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref47;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref47;"></span>] et, à sa lumière, elle scrute les
signes des temps, interprète et vit les événements de l’histoire.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">18. Marie est par
ailleurs la Virgo orans, la Vierge priante. Ainsi apparaît-elle dans la
visite à la Mère du Précurseur, où elle ouvre son cœur en rendant grâce à Dieu,
en exprimant son humilité, sa foi, son espérance : tel est le Magnificat
(cf. Lc 1, 46-55), la prière par excellence de Marie, le chant des
temps messianiques dans lequel convergent l’allégresse de l’ancien et celle du
nouvel Israël. En effet – comme semble le suggérer saint Irénée – dans le
cantique de Marie passa le tressaillement de joie d’Abraham qui pressentait le
Messie (cf. Jn 8, 56) [<a name="_ftnref48"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn48"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref48;">48</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref48;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref48;"></span>] et retentit, dans une anticipation
prophétique, la voix de l’Église : « dans son exultation, Marie s’écriait, en
prophétisant au nom de l’Église : « Mon âme exalte le Seigneur… » [<a name="_ftnref49"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn49"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref49;">49</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref49;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref49;"></span>]. De fait, le cantique de la Vierge, en
s’élargissant, est devenu la prière de toute l’Église dans tous les temps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vierge priante, ainsi
apparaît Marie à Cana où, manifestant à son Fils une nécessité temporelle, en
l’implorant avec délicatesse, elle obtient aussi un effet de l’ordre de la
grâce : que Jésus, en accomplissant le premier de ses « signes », confirme ses
disciples dans la foi en lui (cf. Jn 2, 1-12).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’ultime épisode
biographique de Marie nous la présente également en prière : les Apôtres « d’un
même cœur, persévéraient dans la prière, avec quelques femmes, dont Marie la
mère de Jésus, et avec ses frères » (Ac 1, 14) ; c’est la présence priante
de Marie dans l’Église naissante et dans l’Église de toujours, car, élevée au
ciel, elle n’a pas renoncé à sa mission d’intercession et de salut [<a name="_ftnref50"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn50"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref50;">50</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref50;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref50;"></span>]. Vierge priante, l’Église l’est aussi,
elle qui chaque jour présente au Père les nécessités de ses fils, « loue sans
cesse le Seigneur et intercède pour le salut du monde entier » [<a name="_ftnref51"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn51"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref51;">51</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref51;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref51;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">19. Marie est encore
la Virgo pariens, la Vierge-Mère, c’est-à-dire celle qui, « par sa foi et
son obéissance, a engendré sur la terre le Fils du Père, sans connaître
d’homme, mais enveloppée par l’Esprit Saint » [<a name="_ftnref52"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn52"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref52;">52</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref52;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref52;"></span>] : maternité prodigieuse, établie par
Dieu comme type et modèle de la fécondité de la Vierge qu’est l’Église.
Celle-ci en effet « devient à son tour une Mère, car par la prédication et par
le baptême elle engendre à une vie nouvelle et immortelle des fils conçus du
Saint-Esprit et nés de Dieu » [<a name="_ftnref53"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn53"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref53;">53</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref53;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref53;"></span>]. À juste titre les anciens Pères
enseignaient que l’Église prolonge dans le sacrement du baptême la maternité
virginale de Marie. Parmi leurs témoignages, il nous plaît de rappeler celui de
notre illustre prédécesseur saint Léon le Grand, qui affirme dans une homélie
de Noël : « La source de vie qu’il (le Christ) a prise dans le sein de la
Vierge, il l’a placée dans les fonts du baptême ; il a donné à l’eau ce qu’il
avait donné à sa mère : car la puissance du Très-Haut et l’ombre de l’Esprit
Saint (cf. Lc 1, 35), qui ont fait que Marie mit au mondé un Sauveur,
font aussi que l’eau régénère le croyant » [<a name="_ftnref54"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn54"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref54;">54</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref54;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref54;"></span>]. Voulant puiser aux sources
liturgiques, nous pourrions citer la belle illatio de la liturgie
mozarabe : « Celle-là (Marie) porta la Vie dans son sein, celle-ci (l’Église)
dans la piscine baptismale. Dans les membres de celle-là le Christ est formé,
dans les eaux de celle-ci, le Christ est revêtu » [<a name="_ftnref55"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn55"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref55;">55</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref55;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref55;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">20. Marie, enfin, est
la Virgo offerens, la Vierge qui offre. Dans l’épisode de la présentation
de Jésus au Temple (cf. Lc 2, 22-35), l’Église, guidée par l’Esprit
Saint, a entrevu, au-delà de l’accomplissement des lois concernant l’oblation
du premier-né (cf. Ex 13, 11-16) et la purification de la Mère
(cf. Lv 12, 6-8), un mystère du salut relatif à l’histoire du salut.
Autrement dit, elle a noté la continuité de l’offrande fondamentale que le
Verbe incarné fit au Père en entrant dans le monde (cf. He 10, 5-7).
Elle a vu la proclamation de l’universalité du salut, puisque Siméon en saluant
dans l’enfant la lumière destinée à éclairer les peuples et la gloire d’Israël
(cf. Lc 2, 32), a reconnu en lui le Messie, le Sauveur de tous. Elle
a compris la référence prophétique à la Passion du Christ : les paroles de
Siméon, unissant dans une même prophétie le Fils « signe de contradiction » (Lc 2,
34) et la Mère dont l’âme serait transpercée par un glaive (cf. Lc 2,
35), trouvèrent leur réalisation sur le Calvaire. Mystère de salut, oui, qui
sous divers aspects, oriente l’épisode de la Présentation au Temple vers
l’événement salvifique de la Croix. Mais l’Église elle-même, surtout à partir
du Moyen Age, a entrevu dans le cœur de la Vierge, qui porte son Fils à
Jérusalem pour le présenter au Seigneur (cf. Lc 2, 22), une volonté
d’oblation, qui dépasse le sens ordinaire du rite qu’elle accomplissait. De
cette intuition, nous avons un témoignage dans l’affectueuse interpellation de
saint Bernard : « Offre ton Fils, Vierge sainte, et présente au Seigneur le
fruit béni de tes entrailles. Offre pour notre commune réconciliation la
victime sainte qui plaît à Dieu » [<a name="_ftnref56"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn56"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref56;">56</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref56;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref56;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cette union de la Mère
avec son Fils dans l’œuvre de la rédemption [<a name="_ftnref57"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn57"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref57;">57</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref57;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref57;"></span>] atteint son sommet sur le Calvaire, où
le Christ « s’offrit lui-même sans tache à Dieu » (He 9, 14) et où Marie
se tint auprès de la Croix (cf. Jn 19, 25) « souffrant cruellement
avec son Fils unique, associée d’un cœur maternel à son sacrifice, donnant à
l’immolation de la victime, née de sa chair, le consentement de son amour » [<a name="_ftnref58"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn58"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref58;">58</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref58;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref58;"></span>] et l’offrant, elle aussi, au Père
éternel [<a name="_ftnref59"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn59"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref59;">59</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref59;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref59;"></span>]. Pour perpétuer à travers les siècles
le Sacrifice de la Croix, le divin Sauveur a institué le Sacrifice
eucharistique, Mémorial de sa Mort et de sa Résurrection, et l’a confié à
l’Église son Épouse [<a name="_ftnref60"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn60"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref60;">60</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref60;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref60;"></span>] celle-ci, surtout le dimanche, convoque
les fidèles pour célébrer la Pâque du Seigneur jusqu’à ce qu’il revienne [<a name="_ftnref61"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn61"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref61;">61</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref61;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref61;"></span>]. L’Église l’accomplit en communion avec
les Saints du ciel et d’abord avec la bienheureuse Vierge [<a name="_ftnref62"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn62"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref62;">62</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref62;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref62;"></span>], dont elle imite la charité ardente et
la foi inébranlable.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">21. Modèle de toute
l’Église dans l’exercice du culte divin, Marie est encore, de façon évidente,
éducatrice de vie spirituelle pour chacun des chrétiens. Bien vite, les fidèles
commencèrent par regarder Marie pour faire, comme elle, de leur propre vie, un
culte à Dieu, et de leur culte, un engagement de vie. Déjà au IVe siècle,
saint Ambroise, s’adressant aux fidèles, souhaitait qu’en chacun d’eux fût
présente l’âme de Marie pour glorifier Dieu : « Qu’en tous réside l’âme de
Marie pour glorifier le Seigneur ; qu’en tous réside l’esprit de Marie pour
exulter en Dieu » [<a name="_ftnref63"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn63"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref63;">63</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref63;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref63;"></span>]. Mais Marie est surtout le modèle du
culte qui consiste à faire de sa propre vie une offrande à Dieu : cette
doctrine ancienne, toujours valable, chacun peut la réentendre en méditant
l’enseignement de 1’Église, mais aussi en prêtant l’oreille à la voix même de
la Vierge au moment où, réalisant par anticipation l’étonnante demande de
l’oraison dominicale – « que ta volonté soit faite » (Mt 6, 10) – elle
répond au messager de Dieu : « Me voici, je suis la servante du Seigneur, qu’il
me soit fait selon ta parole » (Lc 1, 38). Le « oui » de Marie est pour
tous les chrétiens une leçon et un exemple pour offrir leur obéissance à la
volonté du Père, chemin et moyen de leur propre sanctification.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">22. Il est important
d’autre part d’observer comment l’Église traduit les multiples rapports qui
l’unissent à Marie dans les diverses attitudes effectives du culte : vénération
profonde, lorsqu’elle réfléchit sur la dignité éminente de la Vierge, devenue,
par l’œuvre de l’Esprit Saint, la Mère du Verbe incarné ; amour ardent,
lorsqu’elle considère la maternité spirituelle de Marie à l’égard de tous les
membres du Corps mystique ; invocation confiante, lorsqu’elle fait l’expérience
de l’intercession de son Avocate et Auxiliatrice [<a name="_ftnref64"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn64"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref64;">64</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref64;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref64;"></span>] ; service d’amour, lorsqu’elle
entrevoit dans l’humble servante du Seigneur la Reine de miséricorde et la Mère
de la grâce ; imitation active, lorsqu’elle contemple la sainteté et les vertus
de celle qui est « pleine de grâce » (Lc 1, 28) ; émotion profonde,
lorsqu’elle voit en elle, comme dans une image très pure, ce qu’elle-même
désire et espère devenir en tous ses membres [<a name="_ftnref65"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn65"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref65;">65</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref65;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref65;"></span>] ; contemplation attentive, lorsqu’elle
reconnaît, dans l’Associée au Rédempteur, qui participe désormais pleinement
aux fruits du mystère pascal, l’accomplissement prophétique de son propre
avenir, jusqu’au jour où purifiée de toute ride et de toute tache (cf. Ep 5,
27), elle deviendra comme une épouse parée pour son époux, Jésus-Christ
(cf. Ap 21, 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">23. En considérant donc,
Frères très chers, la vénération que la tradition liturgique de l’Église
universelle et le Rite romain rénové expriment envers la Sainte Mère de Dieu,
en rappelant que la liturgie, par sa valeur cultuelle éminente, constitue une
règle d’or pour la piété chrétienne, en observant enfin comment l’Église,
lorsqu’elle célèbre les mystères sacrés, assume une attitude de foi et d’amour semblable
à celle de la Vierge, nous comprenons combien est juste l’exhortation du <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> à tous les fils de l’Église de « promouvoir généreusement
le culte, spécialement liturgique, de la Vierge bienheureuse » [<a name="_ftnref66"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn66"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref66;">66</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref66;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref66;"></span>] : exhortation que nous voudrions
par-dessus tout voir écoutée sans réserve et mise en pratique avec zèle.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a name="DEUXI%C3%88ME_PARTIE"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">DEUXIÈME
PARTIE</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
POUR LE RENOUVEAU DE LA PISTE MARIALE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">24. Mais le même </span><a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Concile
Vatican II</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> exhorte à promouvoir, à côté du culte liturgique, d’autres
formes de piété, surtout celles que recommande le Magistère [</span><a name="_ftnref67" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn67" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">67</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">]. Toutefois, on le sait, la vénération
des fidèles pour la Mère de Dieu a revêtu des formes multiples selon les
circonstances de temps et de lieu, la sensibilité des peuples et leurs
différentes traditions culturelles. Il s’ensuit que les. formes d’expression de
cette piété, sujettes à l’usure des siècles, ont grandement besoin d’être
rénovées pour que soient remplacés leurs éléments caducs, mis en valeur ceux
qui ont passé l’épreuve du temps, et que l’on y incorpore les données
doctrinales acquises par la réflexion théologique et proposées par le Magistère
ecclésiastique. Ceci montre la nécessité pour les Conférences épiscopales, les
Églises locales, les familles religieuses et les communautés de fidèles, de
favoriser une activité créatrice authentique et de procéder en même temps à une
révision diligente des exercices de piété envers la Vierge ; révision que nous
voudrions respectueuse de la saine tradition et ouverte à l’accueil des
requêtes légitimes des hommes de notre temps. Il nous semble par conséquent
opportun, vénérables Frères, de vous indiquer quelques principes pour guider
votre travail en ce domaine.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SECTION 1</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Aspect trinitaire, christologique et ecclésial du culte de la Vierge</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">25. Il convient au plus
haut point, avant tout, que les exercices de piété envers la Vierge Marie
expriment clairement la note trinitaire et christologique qui leur est
intrinsèque et essentielle. Le culte chrétien en effet est, par nature, un
culte rendu au Père, au Fils et à l’Esprit Saint, ou mieux, selon l’expression
de la liturgie, au Père par le Christ, dans l’Esprit. Dans cette perspective,
il s’étend légitimement, même si c’est de façon substantiellement différente,
tout d’abord et particulièrement à la Mère du Seigneur, puis aux saints, car en
eux, qui ont souffert avec le Christ et ont été glorifiés avec lui, l’Église
proclame le mystère pascal [<a name="_ftnref68"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn68"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref68;">68</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref68;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref68;"></span>]. Dans la Vierge, tout se rapporte au
Christ et tout dépend de lui : c’est pour lui que Dieu le Père, de toute
éternité, l’a choisie comme Mère toute sainte et l’a parée de dons de l’Esprit
à nul autre consentis. La piété chrétienne authentique n’a certainement jamais
manqué de mettre en lumière le lien indissoluble et la référence essentielle de
la Vierge au Divin Sauveur [<a name="_ftnref69"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn69"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref69;">69</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref69;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref69;"></span>]. Il nous semble cependant
particulièrement conforme à l’orientation spirituelle de notre époque, dominée
et absorbée par la « question du Christ » [<a name="_ftnref70"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn70"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref70;">70</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref70;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref70;"></span>], que, dans les manières d’exprimer le
culte de la Vierge, soit spécialement mis en relief l’aspect christologique,
pour qu’elles reflètent le plan de Dieu, qui a fixé à l’avance « par une seule
et même disposition l’origine de Marie et l’incarnation de la Sagesse divine »
[<a name="_ftnref71"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn71"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref71;">71</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref71;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref71;"></span>]. Ceci concourra sans aucun doute à
rendre plus solide la piété envers la Mère de Jésus, et à en faire un
instrument efficace pour parvenir à la « pleine connaissance du Fils de Dieu,
et constituer cet Homme parfait, dans la force de l’âge, qui réalise la
plénitude du Christ » (Ep 4, 13) ; et cela contribuera d’autre part à
développer le culte dû au Christ lui-même, puisque, conformément au sentiment
permanent de l’Église, réaffirmé de nos jours avec autorité ? [<a name="_ftnref72"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn72"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref72;">72</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref72;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref72;"></span>], « ce qui s’adresse à la servante se
rapporte au Maître ; ainsi remonte au Fils ce qui est attribué à la Mère ; (…)
ainsi rejaillit sur le Roi l’honneur rendu en humble hommage à la Reine » [<a name="_ftnref73"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn73"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref73;">73</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref73;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref73;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">26. Il nous semble utile,
après cette allusion à l’orientation christologique du culte de la Vierge, de
rappeler qu’il est opportun de mettre convenablement en relief, dans ce culte,
une des composantes essentielles de la foi : la Personne et l’œuvre de l’Esprit
Saint. La réflexion théologique et la liturgie ont relevé en effet comment
l’intervention sanctificatrice de l’Esprit chez la Vierge de Nazareth a été un
moment culminant de son action dans l’histoire du salut. Ainsi, par exemple,
des Pères de l’Église et des Écrivains ecclésiastiques ont attribué à l’œuvre
de l’Esprit la sainteté originelle de Marie, « quasi pétrie par lui et formée
comme une nouvelle créature » [<a name="_ftnref74"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn74"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref74;">74</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref74;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref74;"></span>]. En réfléchissant sur les textes
évangéliques – « l’Esprit Saint viendra sur toi, et la puissance du Très-Haut
te couvrira de son ombre » (Lc 1, 35), et « Marie (…) se trouva enceinte
par le fait de l’Esprit Saint ; (…) ce qui a été engendré en elle vient de
l’Esprit Saint » (Mt 1, 18, 20) – ils découvrirent dans l’intervention de
l’Esprit une action qui consacra et rendit féconde la virginité de Marie [<a name="_ftnref75"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn75"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref75;">75</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref75;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref75;"></span>] et transforma la Vierge en Demeure du
Roi ou Lieu de repos du Verbe [<a name="_ftnref76"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn76"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref76;">76</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref76;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref76;"></span>], Temple ou Tabernacle du Seigneur [<a name="_ftnref77"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn77"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref77;">77</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref77;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref77;"></span>], Arche d’Alliance ou de sanctification
[<a name="_ftnref78"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn78"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref78;">78</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref78;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref78;"></span>], titres riches de résonances bibliques.
Approfondissant encore le mystère de l’Incarnation, ils virent dans le rapport
insondable entre l’Esprit Saint et Marie un aspect conjugal, poétiquement
décrit par Prudence : « la Vierge qui n’était pas mariée se maria avec l’Esprit
» [<a name="_ftnref79"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn79"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref79;">79</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref79;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref79;"></span>], et ils l’appelèrent Sanctuaire du
Saint-Esprit [<a name="_ftnref80"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn80"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref80;">80</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref80;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref80;"></span>], expression qui souligne le caractère
sacré de la Vierge, devenue demeure permanente de l’Esprit de Dieu. Pénétrant
plus avant dans la doctrine sur le Paraclet, ils comprirent qu’il est la source
d’où jaillit la plénitude de grâce (cf. Lc 1, 28) et l’abondance des
dons qui ornent Marie : c’est donc à l’Esprit qu’ils attribuèrent la foi,
l’espérance et la charité qui animèrent le cœur dé la Vierge, la force qui
encouragea son adhésion à la volonté de Dieu, l’énergie qui la soutint dans la
compassion au pied de la Croix [<a name="_ftnref81"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn81"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref81;">81</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref81;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref81;"></span>]. Ils notèrent dans le cantique
prophétique de Marie (cf. Lc 1, 46-55) une influence particulière de
ce même Esprit qui avait parlé par la bouche des prophètes [<a name="_ftnref82"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn82"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref82;">82</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref82;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref82;"></span>]. Enfin, considérant la présence de la
Mère de Jésus au Cénacle, où l’Esprit descendit sur l’Église naissante
(cf. Ac 1, 12-14 ; 2, 1-4), ils enrichirent de nouveaux
développements le thème antique Marie-Église [<a name="_ftnref83"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn83"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref83;">83</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref83;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref83;"></span>] ; et surtout ils recoururent à
l’intercession de la Vierge pour obtenir de l’Esprit la capacité d’engendrer le
Christ dans leurs propres âmes, comme l’atteste saint Ildefonse en une prière
surprenante de doctrine et de vigueur : « Je te prie, je te prie, Vierge sainte
: que de cet Esprit qui t’a fait engendrer Jésus je reçoive moi-même Jésus. Que
mon âme reçoive Jésus par cet Esprit qui a fait que ta chair a conçu ce même
Jésus. (…) Que j’aime Jésus en cet Esprit dans lequel tu l’adores toi-même
comme ton Seigneur, et tu le contemples comme ton Fils » [<a name="_ftnref84"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn84"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref84;">84</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref84;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref84;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">27. On affirme parfois
que de nombreux textes de la piété moderne ne reflètent pas suffisamment toute
la doctrine concernant le Saint-Esprit. C’est aux spécialistes de vérifier
cette affirmation et d’en évaluer la portée ; à nous, il revient d’exhorter
l’ensemble du Peuple de Dieu, spécialement les pasteurs et les théologiens, à
approfondir leur réflexion sur l’action de l’Esprit dans l’histoire du salut,
et à faire en sorte que les textes de la piété chrétienne mettent en lumière comme
il faut son action vivifiante ; d’un tel approfondissement se dégagera en
particulier le mystérieux rapport entre l’Esprit de Dieu et la Vierge de
Nazareth, et leur action dans l’Église ; et de ces vérités de foi plus
profondément méditées naîtra une piété plus intensément vécue.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">28. Par ailleurs, il est
nécessaire que les exercices de piété par lesquels les fidèles expriment leur
vénération à l’égard de la Mère du Seigneur manifestent clairement la place
qu’elle occupe dans l’Église : « après le Christ, c’est la place la plus élevée
et la plus proche de nous » [<a name="_ftnref85"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn85"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref85;">85</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref85;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref85;"></span>] ; c’est aussi cette place qui, dans les
églises de Rite byzantin, est symbolisée dans la disposition même des parties
architecturales et des éléments iconographiques : ainsi l’entrée principale de
l’iconostase porte la représentation de l’Annonce à Marie, et l’abside l’image
de la glorieuse « Theotokos ». Ceci manifeste à l’évidence que
l’humanité commence son retour à Dieu à partir du fiat de la Servante du
Seigneur, et peut voir dans la gloire de la Toute Sainte le terme de sa route.
Le symbolisme par lequel le temple matériel exprime la place de Marie dans le
mystère de l’Église renferme un riche enseignement et constitue un heureux
présage pour que partout les formes variées de vénération envers la Vierge
s’ouvrent sur des perspectives ecclésiales.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En effet, le rappel des
idées fondamentales exposées par le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> sur la nature de l’Église, Famille de Dieu, Peuple de Dieu,
Royaume de Dieu, Corps mystique du Christ [<a name="_ftnref86"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn86"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref86;">86</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref86;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref86;"></span>], permettra aux fidèles de reconnaître
plus rapidement la mission de Marie dans le mystère de l’Église et sa place
éminente dans la communion des saints. Ce rappel permettra aussi de comprendre
plus intensément le lien fraternel qui unit tous les fidèles : ils sont fils de
la Vierge « qui coopère par son amour maternel à leur enfantement et à leur
éducation » [<a name="_ftnref87"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn87"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref87;">87</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref87;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref87;"></span>], ils sont également fils de l’Église «
parce que nous naissons de sa fécondité, nous sommes nourris de son lait, nous
sommes animés de son Esprit » [<a name="_ftnref88"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn88"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref88;">88</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref88;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref88;"></span>] ; la Vierge et l’Église coopèrent pour
engendrer le Corps mystique du Christ : « l’une comme l’autre est Mère du
Christ, mais aucune des deux n’engendre sans l’autre tout le Corps » [<a name="_ftnref89"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn89"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref89;">89</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref89;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref89;"></span>]. On percevra enfin plus distinctement
que l’action de l’Église dans le monde est comme un prolongement de la
sollicitude de Marie : en effet, l’amour diligent de la Vierge à Nazareth, à la
maison d’Elisabeth, à Cana, au Golgotha – moments du salut d’une immense portée
ecclésiale – se continue dans l’inquiétude maternelle de l’Église pour que tous
les hommes arrivent à la connaissance de la vérité (cf. 1 Tm 2, 4),
dans son souci des humbles, des pauvres et des faibles, dans son engagement
continuel pour la paix et la concorde sociale, dans son zèle pour que tous les
hommes aient part au salut qui leur a été mérité par la mort du Christ. De
cette façon, l’amour pour l’Église se traduira en amour pour Marie, et réciproquement
; car l’une né peut subsister sans l’autre, comme le fait observer avec
perspicacité Saint Chromace d’Aquilée : « L’Église se réunit dans la chambre
haute (du cénacle) avec Marie, qui fut la Mère de Jésus, et ses frères. Donc,
on ne peut parler d’Église si Marie, la Mère du Seigneur, n’y est avec ses
frères » [<a name="_ftnref90"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn90"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref90;">90</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref90;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref90;"></span>]. En conclusion, nous insistons sur la
nécessité que le culte rendu à la Vierge manifeste clairement son contenu
ecclésiologique intrinsèque : ceci veut dire qu’il faudra faire preuve d’une
force capable d’en renouveler de façon salutaire les formes et les textes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SECTION 2</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Quatre orientations pour le culte de la Vierge<br />
biblique, liturgique, œcuménique, anthropologique</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">29. Aux précédentes
notations qui se dégagent de la considération des rapports de la Vierge Marie
avec Dieu – Père, Fils et Esprit Saint – et avec l’Église, nous voulons
ajouter, toujours en suivant la ligne de l’enseignement conciliaire [<a name="_ftnref91"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn91"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref91;">91</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref91;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref91;"></span>], quelques orientations – biblique,
liturgique, œcuménique, anthropologique – qu’il convient d’avoir présentes à
l’esprit dans la révision et la création d’exercices et de pratiques de piété,
afin de rendre plus vivant et plus intelligible le lien qui nous unit à la Mère
du Christ et notre Mère dans la communion des saints.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">30. La nécessité d’une
empreinte biblique dans toute forme de culte est comprise aujourd’hui comme un
postulat général de la piété chrétienne. Le développement des études bibliques,
la diffusion croissante des Saintes Écritures et surtout l’exemple de la
Tradition et l’action intime de l’Esprit poussent les chrétiens de notre temps
à se servir toujours davantage de la Bible comme du livre fondamental de la
prière, et à en tirer une véritable inspiration et des modèles incomparables.
Le culte rendu à la Vierge ne peut être soustrait à ce courant général de la
piété chrétienne [<a name="_ftnref92"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn92"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref92;">92</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref92;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref92;"></span>], bien plus, il doit s’en inspirer tout
particulièrement pour acquérir une vigueur nouvelle et un profit assuré. La
Bible, en proposant de manière admirable le dessein de Dieu pour le salut des
hommes, est tout entière imprégnée du mystère du Sauveur et contient également,
de la Genèse à l’Apocalypse, des références non équivoques à Celle qui est Mère
et Associée du Sauveur. Nous ne voudrions pas toutefois que cette empreins te
biblique se limite à un usage attentif des textes et des symboles
judicieusement tirés des Saintes Écritures ; cette empreinte comporte plus
encore : elle requiert en effet la nécessité de prendre dans la Bible le
vocabulaire et l’inspiration des formules de prière et de chant ; elle exige
par-dessus tout que le culte marial soit marqué par les grands thèmes du
message chrétien : ainsi les fidèles, vénérant Celle qui est le Siège de la
Sagesse, seront eux-mêmes illuminés par la lumière de la Parole divine et
poussés à agir selon les préceptes de la Sagesse incarnée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">31. Nous avons déjà parlé
de la vénération que l’Église rend à la Mère de Dieu dans la célébration de la
liturgie. Mais à présent, en exposant les autres formes du culte marial et les
critères qui doivent l’inspirer, nous ne pouvons oublier le principe énoncé
dans la Constitution <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a>, qui recommande vivement les exercices de piété coutumiers au
peuple chrétien et ajoute : « Mais les exercices en question doivent être
réglés en tenant compte des temps liturgiques et de façon à s’harmoniser avec
la liturgie, à en découler d’une certaine manière, et à y introduire le peuple
parce que, de sa nature, elle leur est de loin supérieure » [<a name="_ftnref93"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn93"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref93;">93</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref93;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref93;"></span>]. Norme sage et claire ; son application
n’est cependant pas facile, surtout dans le domaine du culte rendu à la Vierge,
si varié dans ses expressions formelles ; elle exige en effet, de la part des
responsables des communautés locales, effort, tact pastoral et persévérance, et
de la part des fidèles une promptitude à accueillir des orientations et des
propositions qui, émanant de la véritable nature du culte chrétien, demandent
parfois le changement de coutumes très anciennes dans lesquelles la nature de
la liturgie s’était quelque peu obscurcie. À ce propos, nous voudrions faire
allusion à deux attitudes qui pourraient, dans la pratique pastorale, rendre
vaine la norme établie par le<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> : d’abord l’attitude de certaines personnes ayant charge
d’âmes qui dépréciant a priori les exercices de piété, cependant recommandés
par le Magistère dans leurs formes légitimes, les abandonnent et créent un vide
qu’elles ne songent pas à combler ; elles oublient que le Concile a dit
d’harmoniser les exercices de piété avec la liturgie et non de les supprimer.
En second lieu, l’attitude de certains autres qui, faisant fi d’un juste
critère liturgique et pastoral, unissent exercices de piété et actes
liturgiques dans des célébrations hybrides. Il arrive parfois que dans la célébration
même du Sacrifice eucharistique, soient insérés des éléments propres aux
neuvaines ou d’autres pieuses pratiques, avec le danger de voir le Mémorial du
Seigneur ne plus constituer le moment culminant de la rencontre de la
communauté chrétienne, mais seulement l’occasion de quelque exercice de
dévotion. A ceux qui agissent ainsi, nous voudrions rappeler que la règle du
Concile prescrit d’harmoniser les exercices de piété avec la liturgie et non de
les confondre avec elle. Une action pastorale éclairée doit d’une part
distinguer et souligner la nature propre des actions liturgiques, et d’autre
part valoriser les exercices de piété en les adaptant aux besoins de chaque
communauté ecclésiale et en faisant de ces exercices les précieux auxiliaires
de la liturgie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">32. Étant donné le
caractère ecclésial du culte rendu à la Vierge, ce culte reflète les
préoccupations de l’Église même : l’une d’elles, aujourd’hui dominante, est le
rétablissement de l’unité des chrétiens. Ainsi la dévotion envers la Mère de Dieu
devient réceptive aux soucis et aux visées du mouvement œcuménique,
c’est-à-dire qu’elle acquiert une empreinte œcuménique. Et ceci pour différents
motifs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tout d’abord, les
catholiques rejoignent leurs frères des Églises orthodoxes, où la dévotion à la
Vierge revêt des formes hautement lyriques et profondément doctrinales dans la
vénération très aimante de la glorieuse « Theotokos » et dans les
acclamations à Celle qui est « l’Espérance des chrétiens » [<a name="_ftnref94"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn94"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref94;">94</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref94;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref94;"></span>]. Ils rejoignent aussi les Anglicans,
dont les théologiens classiques ont jadis mis en lumière la solide base
scripturaire du culte rendu à la Mère de Notre Seigneur, et dont les
théologiens actuels soulignent davantage l’importance de la place que Marie
occupe dans la vie chrétienne. Ils rejoignent encore leurs frères des Églises
Réformées, dans lesquelles fleurit avec vigueur l’amour des Saintes Écritures, quand
ils proclament les louanges de Dieu avec les paroles mêmes de la Vierge
(cf. Lc 1, 41-55).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">D’autre part, la piété
envers la Mère du Christ et des chrétiens est pour les catholiques une occasion
naturelle et fréquente de la supplier d’intercéder auprès de son Fils pour que
se réalise l’union de tous les baptisés en un seul Peuple de Dieu [<a name="_ftnref95"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn95"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref95;">95</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref95;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref95;"></span>]. Il faut encore ajouter que la volonté
de l’Église catholique, sans atténuer le caractère propre du culte marial [<a name="_ftnref96"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn96"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref96;">96</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref96;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref96;"></span>], est d’éviter avec soin toute
exagération susceptible d’induire en erreur les autres frères chrétiens sur la
doctrine authentique de l’Église catholique [<a name="_ftnref97"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn97"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref97;">97</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref97;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref97;"></span>], et de bannir toute manifestation
cultuelle contraire à la pratique catholique légitime.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Enfin, en conformité avec
un culte marial authentique qui, « à travers les honneurs rendus à la Mère (…)
veut que le Fils soit dûment connu, aimé et glorifié » [<a name="_ftnref98"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn98"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref98;">98</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref98;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref98;"></span>], une telle piété devient un chemin qui
conduit au Christ, source et centre de la communion ecclésiale, dans lequel
tous ceux qui confessent publiquement qu’Il est Dieu et Seigneur, Sauveur et
unique Médiateur (cf. 1 Tm 2, 5), sont appelés à être « un » entre
eux, avec Lui et avec le Père dans l’unité du Saint-Esprit [<a name="_ftnref99"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn99"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref99;">99</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref99;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref99;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">33. Nous savons bien
qu’il existe de sérieuses discordances entre la pensée de nombreux frères
appartenant aux autres Églises et communautés ecclésiales et la doctrine
catholique « sur le rôle de Marie dans l’œuvre du salut » [<a name="_ftnref100"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn100"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref100;">100</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref100;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref100;"></span>] et donc sur le culte à lui rendre.
Cependant, puisque la même puissance du Très-Haut, qui couvrit de son ombre la
Vierge de Nazareth (cf. Lc 1, 35), agit dans l’actuel mouvement
œcuménique et le féconde, nous avons à cœur d’exprimer notre espoir confiant
que la dévotion envers l’humble Servante du Seigneur, en qui le Tout-Puissant a
fait de grandes choses (cf. Lc 1, 49), deviendra, fût-ce lentement,
non pas un obstacle mais un intermédiaire et un point de rencontre pour l’union
de tous ceux qui croient au Christ. Nous nous réjouissons en effet de constater
qu’une meilleure compréhension de la place de Marie dans le mystère du Christ
et de l’Église, même de la part des frères séparés, rend plus rapide le chemin
de la rencontre. De même que la Vierge, à Cana, obtint de Jésus qu’il accomplit
son premier miracle (cf. Jn 2, 1-12) grâce à sa maternelle
intervention, ainsi en notre temps elle pourra par son intercession hâter
l’heure où les disciples du Christ retrouveront la parfaite communion dans la
foi. Cette espérance qui est nôtre se trouve encouragée par une réflexion de
notre prédécesseur Léon XIII : la cause de l’union des chrétiens « concerne
particulièrement la maternité spirituelle de Marie. En effet, ceux qui
appartiennent au Christ, Marie ne les a pas engendrés et ne pouvait pas les
engendrer, si ce n’est dans une même foi et un même amour : “le Christ est-il
divisé ?” (1 Co 1, 13) ; nous devons tous vivre la même vie du Christ
et “porter des fruits pour Dieu” (Rm 7, 4) en un seul et même corps » [<a name="_ftnref101"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn101"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref101;">101</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref101;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref101;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">34. Dans le culte rendu à
la Vierge, on doit aussi tenir soigneusement compte des acquisitions sûres et
éprouvées des sciences humaines. Cela contribuera à faire disparaître une des
causes du malaise qui se fait sentir dans le domaine du culte rendu à la Mère
du Seigneur, c’est-à-dire la différence entre certains éléments de ce culte et
d’autre part les conceptions actuelles de l’anthropologie et la réalité
psycho-sociologique, profondément changée, dans laquelle vivent et agissent les
hommes de notre temps. On remarque effectivement qu’il est difficile de situer
l’image de la Vierge, telle qu’elle ressort d’une certaine littérature dévote,
dans les conditions de vie de la société contemporaine, spécialement celles de
la femme. Dans le cadre de la vie familiale, les lois et l’évolution des mœurs
tendent à juste titre à reconnaître à la femme l’égalité et la
co-responsabilité avec l’homme dans la direction du foyer. Dans le domaine
politique, elle a conquis en de nombreux pays un pouvoir d’intervention dans
les affaires publiques, à l’égal de l’homme. Dans le domaine social, elle déploie
son activité dans les secteurs les plus variés, en abandonnant chaque jour
davantage le cadre étroit du foyer. Dans le domaine culturel sont également
offertes à la femme de nouvelles possibilités de recherche scientifique et de
succès intellectuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il s’ensuit chez certains
une désaffection pour le culte envers la Vierge et une certaine difficulté à
prendre Marie de Nazareth comme modèle, parce que les horizons de sa vie,
dit-on, se révèlent étroits par rapport aux vastes zones d’activités où l’homme
moderne est appelé à agir. A ce sujet, tout en exhortant les théologiens, les
responsables des communautés chrétiennes et les fidèles euxmêmes à consacrer
l’attention nécessaire à ces problèmes, il nous semble utile de proposer, pour
notre part, une contribution à leur solution en présentant quelques réflexions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">35. D’abord, la Vierge
Marie a toujours été proposée par l’Église à l’imitation des fidèles, non point
précisément pour le genre de vie qu’elle a expérimenté, d’autant moins que le
milieu socioculturel dans lequel elle s’est déroulée est aujourd’hui presque
partout dépassé, mais parce que, dans les conditions concrètes de sa vie, elle
a adhéré totalement à la volonté de Dieu (cf. Lc l, 38), elle a
accueilli la parole et l’a mise en pratique, elle a été inspirée dans son
action par la charité et l’esprit de service : en résumé, elle fut la première
et la plus parfaite disciple du Christ. Tout cela a une valeur exemplaire
universelle et permanente.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">36. En second lieu, nous
voudrions faire remarquer que les difficultés susdites sont en étroite relation
avec certains, clichés de l’imagerie populaire et littéraire sur Marie, mais
non point avec sa véritable image évangélique ni avec les données doctrinales
précisées par le lent et sérieux travail d’approfondissement de la Parole
révélée. On doit trouver normal, au contraire, que les générations chrétiennes
qui se sont succédées dans des contextes socio-culturels différents, en
contemplant la figure et la mission de Marie – Femme nouvelle et Chrétienne
parfaite récapitulant en elle les situations les plus caractéristiques de la
vie féminine en tant que Vierge, Épouse et Mère – aient considéré la Mère de
Jésus comme type éminent de la condition féminine et comme modèle absolument
remarquable de vie évangélique, et qu’elles aient exprimé leurs sentiments
selon les concepts et les représentations de leur époque. L’Église, quand elle
considère la longue histoire de la piété, se réjouit de constater la continuité
du culte ; mais elle ne se lie pas aux schèmes des diverses époques culturelles
ni aux conceptions anthropologiques particulières qui les soutiennent, et elle
admet que certaines expressions du culte, parfaitement légitimes en
elles-mêmes, soient moins adaptées à des gens d’époques et de civilisations
différentes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">37. Nous voudrions enfin
souligner que notre temps, comme les précédents, est appelé à vérifier par la
Parole de Dieu sa propre connaissance de la réalité et, pour nous limiter à
notre sujet, à confronter ses conceptions anthropologiques et les problèmes qui
en découlent avec la figure de la Vierge, telle qu’elle est proposée dans
l’Évangile. La lecture des divines Écritures, faite sous l’influence de
l’Esprit Saint et sans oublier les acquisitions des sciences humaines et les
situations variées du monde contemporain, conduira à découvrir que Marie peut
être considérée comme le miroir reflétant les espérances des hommes de notre
temps. Ainsi, pour donner quelques exemples, la femme d’aujourd’hui, désireuse
de prendre part au pouvoir de décision et aux choix de la communauté,
contemplera avec une joie intime Marie qui, dans son dialogue avec Dieu, donne
son consentement actif et libre [<a name="_ftnref102"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn102"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref102;">102</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref102;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref102;"></span>] non pas à la solution d’un problème
contingent, mais à « l’événement des siècles », comme a été justement dénommée
l’Incarnation du Verbe [<a name="_ftnref103"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn103"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref103;">103</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref103;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref103;"></span>]. On se rendra compte que le choix par
Marie de l’état virginal, qui dans le plan de Dieu la préparait au mystère de
l’Incarnation, ne fut point fait de fermeture aux valeurs de l’état conjugal,
mais constitua un choix courageux, accompli pour se consacrer totalement à
l’amour de Dieu. On constatera avec une joyeuse surprise que Marie de Nazareth,
tout en étant totalement abandonnée à la volonté du Seigneur, ne fut pas du
tout une femme passivement soumise ou d’une religiosité aliénante, mais la
femme qui ne craignit pas de proclamer que Dieu est celui qui relève les
humbles et les opprimés et renverse de leur trône les puissants du monde
(cf. Lc 1, 51-53). On reconnaîtra en Marie, « qui occupe la première
place parmi les humbles et les pauvres du Seigneur » [<a name="_ftnref104"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn104"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref104;">104</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref104;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref104;"></span>], une femme forte qui connut la pauvreté
et la souffrance, la fuite et l’exil (cf. Mt 2, 13-23) : situations
qui ne peuvent échapper à l’attention de celui qui veut seconder, par l’esprit
évangélique, les forces de libération contenues dans l’homme et dans la
société. Ainsi Marie n’apparaîtra pas comme une Mère jalousement repliée sur
son divin Fils, mais comme la femme qui, par son action, favorisa la foi au
Christ de la communauté apostolique (cf. Jn 2, 1-12), et dont le rôle
maternel s’étendit en prenant au Calvaire des dimensions universelles [<a name="_ftnref105"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn105"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref105;">105</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref105;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref105;"></span>]. Ce ne sont que des exemples. Ils
manifestent cependant de façon claire que la figure de la Vierge ne déçoit
aucune des attentes profondes des hommes de notre temps, et leur offre un
modèle achevé du disciple du Seigneur : artisan de la cité terrestre et
temporelle, mais pèlerin qui se hâte vers la cité céleste et éternelle ;
promoteur de la justice qui délivre l’opprimé et de la charité qui porte
secours aux nécessiteux, mais par-dessus tout, témoin actif de l’amour qui
édifie le Christ dans les cœurs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">38. Après avoir proposé
ces orientations, destinées à favoriser l’harmonieux développement du culte
rendu à la Mère du Seigneur, nous croyons utile d’attirer l’attention sur
quelques aspects erronés de ce culte. Le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> a déjà dénoncé avec autorité aussi bien l’exagération de
contenus ou de formes qui en arrive à fausser la doctrine, que l’étroitesse
d’esprit qui obscurcit la figure et la mission de Marie. Il a pareillement
dénoncé certaines déviations du culte comme la crédulité superficielle substituant
à l’engagement sérieux la confiance facile en des pratiques purement
extérieures, et aussi le sentimentalisme stérile et éphémère, si étranger au
style de l’Évangile qui exige au contraire un travail persévérant et concret [<a name="_ftnref106"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn106"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref106;">106</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref106;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref106;"></span>]. Quant à nous, nous renouvelons cette
mise en garde : de telles formes de dévotions ne sont pas en harmonie avec la
foi catholique et par conséquent ne doivent pas exister dans le culte. Une
défense vigilante contre ces erreurs et ces déviations rendra le culte de la
Vierge plus vigoureux et plus authentique, c’est-à-dire solide dans son
fondement : l’étude des sources révélées et l’attention aux documents du
Magistère prévaudront sur la recherche excessive de la nouveauté et des faits à
sensation ; objectif dans son contexte historique, on devra donc éliminer tout
ce qui est manifestement faux ou légendaire ; adéquat au contenu doctrinal ;
d’où la nécessité d’éviter des présentations unilatérales de la figure de Marie
qui, en insistant démesurément sur un élément, compromettent l’ensemble de son
image évangélique ; transparent dans ses motivations : on aura grand soin
d’écarter des sanctuaires tout profit mesquin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">39. Enfin, au cas où cela
serait nécessaire, nous voudrions rappeler que le but ultime du culte rendu à
la Vierge est de glorifier Dieu et d’engager les chrétiens dans une vie
totalement conforme à sa volonté. En effet, lorsque les fils de l’Église,
unissant leurs voix à la femme anonyme de l’Évangile, glorifient la Mère de
Jésus en s’exclamant, tournés vers Jésus lui-même, « Bienheureux le sein qui
t’a porté et les mamelles qui t’ont allaité! » (Lc 11, 27), ils seront
conduits à tenir compte de la grave réponse du divin Maître : « Bienheureux
plutôt ceux qui écoutent la Parole de Dieu et la mettent en pratique» (Lc 11,
28). Et cette réponse, qui s’avère être un grand compliment à la Vierge, selon
l’exégèse de certains Pères de l’Église [<a name="_ftnref107"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn107"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref107;">107</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref107;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref107;"></span>] confirmée par le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> [<a name="_ftnref108"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn108"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref108;">108</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref108;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref108;"></span>], résonne pour nous comme une
invitation pressante à vivre selon les commandements de Dieu et comme un écho
aux rappels du Sauveur lui-même : « Ce n’est pas celui qui me dit : “Seigneur,
Seigneur” qui entrera dans le Royaume des cieux mais celui qui fait la volonté
de mon Père qui est dans les cieux » (Mt 7, 21), et aussi : « Vous êtes
mes amis, si vous faites ce que je vous commande » (Jn 15, 14).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a name="TROISI%C3%88ME_PARTIE"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>TROISIÈME
PARTIE.</b></span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
INDICATIONS SUR DEUX EXERCICES DE PIÉTÉ</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b> L’ANGÉLUS ET LE ROSAIRE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">40. Nous avons indiqué
quelques principes capables de donner une vigueur nouvelle au culte de la Mère
du Seigneur ; il appartient maintenant aux Conférences épiscopales, aux
responsables des communautés locales et aux différentes familles religieuses de
rénover avec sagesse des pratiques et des exercices de vénération envers la
Vierge, et de soutenir l’impulsion créatrice de tous ceux qui, par inspiration
religieuse authentique ou par sensibilité pastorale, désirent donner naissance
à de nouvelles formes. Il nous semble toutefois opportun, pour diverses
raisons, de traiter de deux exercices de piété très répandus en Occident et
dont le Siège Apostolique s’est occupé en plusieurs occasions : l’Angélus et le
Rosaire ou Chapelet de la Vierge Marie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>L’Angélus</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">41. Nos propos sur
l’Angélus veulent être seulement une simple mais vive exhortation à conserver
l’habitude de le réciter, lorsque et là où c’est possible. Cette prière n’a pas
besoin d’être rénovée : sa structure simple, son caractère biblique, son origine
historique qui la relie à la demande de sauvegarde dans la paix, son rythme
quasi liturgique qui sanctifie divers moments de la journée, son ouverture au
mystère pascal qui nous amène, tout en commémorant l’Incarnation du Fils de
Dieu, à demander d’être conduits « par sa passion et par sa croix jusqu’à la
gloire de la résurrection » [<a name="_ftnref109"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn109"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref109;">109</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref109;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref109;"></span>], font que, à des siècles de distance,
elle conserve inaltérée sa valeur et intacte sa fraîcheur. Il est vrai que
certains usages traditionnellement liés à la récitation de l’Angélus ont
disparu ou peuvent difficilement subsister dans la vie moderne ; mais il s’agit
d’éléments marginaux : la valeur de la contemplation du mystère de
l’Incarnation du Verbe, de la salutation à la Vierge et du recours à sa
miséricordieuse intercession reste inchangée ; et, malgré les conditions
nouvelles des temps, ces moments caractéristiques de la journée – matin, midi
et soir – qui délimitent les périodes d’activité et constituent une invite à
s’arrêter pour prier, demeurent inchangés pour la majeure partie des hommes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Le Rosaire</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">42. Nous voudrions
maintenant, Frères très chers, nous arrêter un peu sur la rénovation de ce
pieux exercice que l’on a appelé « résumé de tout l’Évangile » [<a name="_ftnref110"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn110"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref110;">110</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref110;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref110;"></span>]. le Chapelet de la Vierge Marie, le
Rosaire. Nos Prédécesseurs lui ont accordé une attention vigilante et une
sollicitude empressée : ils en ont à plusieurs reprises recommandé la
récitation fréquente, favorisé la diffusion, expliqué la nature, reconnu
l’aptitude à développer une prière contemplative à la fois de louange et de
supplication, rappelé l’efficacité intrinsèque pour faire progresser la vie
chrétienne et l’engagement apostolique. Nous aussi, dès la première Audience
générale de notre Pontificat, le 13 juillet 1963, nous avons montré notre
grande estime pour la pieuse pratique du Rosaire [<a name="_ftnref111"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn111"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref111;">111</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref111;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref111;"></span>], et, par la suite, nous en avons
souligné la valeur en de multiples circonstances, ordinaires pour certaines,
graves pour d’autres, comme lorsque, en une heure d’angoisse et d’insécurité,
nous publiâmes l’Encyclique Christi Matri (15 septembre 1966), afin que de
ferventes prières soient adressées à la Vierge du Rosaire pour supplier Dieu
d’accorder le bien supérieur de la paix [<a name="_ftnref112"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn112"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref112;">112</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref112;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref112;"></span>] ; appel renouvelé dans notre
Exhortation apostolique Recurrens mensis October (7 octobre 1969),
dans laquelle nous commémorions le quatrième centenaire de la Lettre
apostolique Consueverunt Romani Pontifices de notre Prédécesseur
saint Pie V qui, en ce document, expliqua et, en quelque manière détermina la
forme traditionnelle du Rosaire [<a name="_ftnref113"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn113"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref113;">113</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref113;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref113;"></span>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">43. L’intérêt constant et
l’affection que nous portons au Chapelet de la Vierge Marie nous ont poussé à
suivre avec beaucoup d’attention les nombreux congrès consacrés ces dernières
années à la pastorale du Rosaire dans le monde contemporain : congrès organisés
par des associations et des hommes qui ont profondément à cœur la dévotion du
Rosaire, et auxquels ont pris part des Évêques, des prêtres, des religieux et
des laïcs forts d’une grande expérience et connus pour leur sens de l’Église.
Parmi eux, c’est justice de nommer les Fils de saint Dominique, chargés par
tradition de garder et de propager une dévotion aussi salutaire que celle-là.
Aux travaux des congrès se sont ajoutées les recherches des historiens,
effectuées non pas pour définir dans des buts quasi archéologiques la forme
primitive du Rosaire, mais pour en saisir l’intuition originelle, l’énergie
première, la structure essentielle. De ces congrès et de ces recherches ont
surgi plus clairement les caractéristiques fondamentales du Rosaire, ses
éléments essentiels et leur rapport mutuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">44. Ainsi, par exemple, a
mieux été mise en lumière la nature évangélique du Rosaire : il tire de
l’Évangile l’énoncé des mystères et ses principales formules ; il s’inspire de
l’Évangile pour suggérer, en commençant par la joyeuse salutation de l’Ange et
par l’acceptation religieuse de la Vierge, l’attitude dans laquelle le fidèle
doit le réciter ; il propose, dans la succession harmonieuse des Ave Maria, un
mystère fondamental de l’Évangile – l’Incarnation du Verbe – saisi au moment
décisif de l’Annonce faite à Marie. Le Rosaire est donc une prière évangélique,
comme aujourd’hui, plus peut-être que par le passé, aiment à le définir les
pasteurs et les érudits.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">45. De même on a plus
facilement compris comment le déroulement ordonné et progressif du Rosaire
reflète la manière même dont le Verbe de Dieu, en s’insérant par un dessein
miséricordieux dans l’histoire humaine, a réalisé la Rédemption. Le Rosaire
considère en effet successivement, et dans l’ordre, les principaux événements salvifiques
de la Rédemption qui se sont accomplis dans le Christ : depuis la conception
virginale et les mystères de l’enfance jusqu’aux heures culminantes de la Pâque
– la Passion bienheureuse et la Résurrection glorieuse – et jusqu’à ses effets
sur l’Église naissante du jour de la Pentecôte et sur la Vierge, le jour où,
parvenue au terme de son exil terrestre, elle fut emportée, corps et âme, vers
la patrie céleste. On a encore observé que la division en trois parties des
mystères du Rosaire, non seulement correspond étroitement à l’ordre
chronologique des faits, mais surtout reflète le schéma de la prédication
primitive de la foi et propose à nouveau le mystère du Christ exactement de la
façon où le voyait saint Paul dans la célèbre «hymne» de l’Épître aux
Philippiens : abaissement, mort, exaltation (2, 6-11).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">46. Prière évangélique
centrée sur le mystère de l’Incarnation rédemptrice, le Rosaire a donc une
orientation nettement christologique. En effet, son élément le plus
caractéristique – la répétition litanique de l’Ave Maria – devient lui
aussi une louange incessante du Christ, objet ultime de l’annonce de l’Ange et
de la salutation de la mère du Baptiste : « Le fruit de tes entrailles est béni
» (Lc 1, 42). Nous dirons même plus. la répétition de l’Ave Maria
constitue la trame sur laquelle se développe la contemplation des mystères : le
Jésus de chaque Ave Maria est celui-là même que la succession des mystères nous
propose tour à tour Fils de Dieu et de la Vierge, né dans une grotte à Bethléem
; présenté au Temple par sa Mère ; adolescent plein de zèle pour les affaires
de son Père : Rédempteur agonisant au Jardin des Oliviers ; flagellé et
couronné d’épines ; chargé de la Croix et mourant sur le Calvaire ; ressuscité
des morts et monté auprès de son Père, dans la gloire pour réaliser l’effusion
du don de l’Esprit. On sait que, précisément pour favoriser la contemplation et
pour que l’intention corresponde aux paroles, on avait jadis l’habitude – et
cette coutume existe encore en diverses régions – de faire suivre le nom de
Jésus, dans chaque Ave Maria, de la mention du mystère énoncé.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">47. On a également
ressenti comme un besoin plus impérieux la nécessité de redire, outre la valeur
de l’élément de louange et d’imploration, l’importance d’un autre élément essentiel
du Rosaire : la contemplation. Sans elle, le Rosaire est un corps sans âme, et
sa récitation court le danger de devenir une répétition mécanique de formules
et d’agir à l’encontre de l’avertissement de Jésus : « Quand vous priez, ne
rabâchez pas comme les païens ; ils s’imaginent qu’en parlant beaucoup ils se
feront mieux écouter » (Mt 6, 7). Par nature, la récitation du Rosaire
exige que le rythme soit calme et que l’on prenne son temps, afin que la
personne qui s’y livre puisse mieux méditer les mystères de la vie du Seigneur
vus à travers le cœur de Celle qui fut la plus proche du Seigneur, et qu’ainsi
s’en dégagent les insondables richesses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">48. Les études actuelles,
enfin, permettent de saisir avec une plus grande précision les rapports
existant entre la liturgie et le Rosaire. D’une part, on a souligné que le
Rosaire a pour ainsi dire germé sur le tronc séculaire de la liturgie
chrétienne, en un véritable « Psautier de la Vierge » grâce auquel les humbles
étaient associés au cantique de louange et à l’intercession universelle de
l’Église ; d’autre part, on a observé que ceci est arrivé à une époque – le
déclin du Moyen Age – où l’esprit liturgique était en décadence et où se
manifestait chez les fidèles un certain éloignement de la liturgie en faveur
d’une dévotion sensible à l’humanité du Christ et à la Vierge Marie. Si, ces
dernières années, a pu naître dans l’esprit de quelques-uns le désir de voir le
Rosaire compter parmi les expressions liturgiques, et chez d’autres, préoccupés
d’éviter les erreurs pastorales du passé, une désaffection injustifiée à son
égard, le problème est aujourd’hui facilement soluble à la lumière des
principes de la Constitution <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a> : les célébrations liturgiques et le pieux exercice du
Rosaire ne doivent ni s’opposer, ni être assimilés [<a name="_ftnref114"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn114"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref114;">114</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref114;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref114;"></span>]. Toute expression de prière parvient à
une fécondité d’autant plus grande qu’elle conserve davantage sa vraie nature
et sa physionomie propre. La valeur prééminente des actions liturgiques étant
donc réaffirmée, il ne sera pas difficile de reconnaître dans le Rosaire un
pieux exercice qui s’harmonise facilement avec la liturgie. Comme la liturgie
en effet, il est de nature communautaire, il se nourrit de la Sainte Écriture
et se déroule autour du mystère du Christ. Bien que situées sur des plans
essentiellement différents, l’anamnèse de la liturgie et la commémoration
contemplative du Rosaire ont pour objet les mêmes événements de l’histoire du
salut accomplis par le Christ. La première rend présents sous le voile des
signes, et agissants de manière mystérieuse, les plus grands mystères de notre
Rédemption ; la seconde, grâce à l’amour engendré par la contemplation, aide
celui qui prie à se souvenir de ces mystères et stimule sa volonté pour qu’il
en tire des règles de vie. Une fois définie cette différence substantielle, il
n’est pas difficile de comprendre que le Rosaire est un pieux exercice qui a
tiré sa raison d’être de la liturgie et qui, s’il est pratiqué selon
l’intuition originelle, conduit naturellement vers elle, même sans en franchir
le seuil. En effet, la méditation des mystères du Rosaire, en rendant les
mystères du Christ familiers à l’esprit et au cœur des fidèles, peut constituer
une très bonne préparation à leur célébration dans l’action liturgique, et en
devenir ensuite un écho prolongé. C’est cependant une erreur qui subsiste
encore malheureusement en certains endroits, de réciter le Rosaire au cours de
l’action liturgique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">49. Le Chapelet de la
Vierge Marie, selon la tradition que notre prédécesseur saint Pie V recueillit
et proposa ensuite officiellement, comporte plusieurs éléments disposés d’une
manière organique :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) la contemplation, en
union avec Marie, d’une série de mystères du salut, sagement répartis en trois
cycles, qui expriment la joie des temps messianiques, la douleur salvifique du
Christ et la gloire du Ressuscité qui se répand sur l’Église ; contemplation
qui, par nature, conduit à une réflexion pratique et entraîne de stimulantes
règles de vie ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) la Prière du Seigneur,
ou Pater noster, qui, par son immense valeur, est à la base de la prière
chrétienne et ennoblit ses diverses expressions ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) la reprise litanique
de l’Ave Maria, composé de la salutation de l’Ange à la Vierge (cf. Lc 1,
28) et des paroles de bénédiction d’Élisabeth (cf. Lc 1, 42),
auxquelles fait suite l’invocation ecclésiale Sancta Maria. La série
continue des Ave Maria est une caractéristique propre au Rosaire, et
leur nombre, dans la forme typique et complète de cent cinquante, présente une
certaine analogie avec le Psautier et remonte aux origines mêmes du pieux
exercice. Mais, en vertu d’une coutume éprouvée, ce nombre, subdivisé en
dizaines se référant à chacun des mystères, est distribué selon les trois
cycles mentionnés plus haut, constituant ainsi le Chapelet bien connu de
cinquante Ave Maria. Ce dernier est entré dans la pratique comme le cadre
normal de cet exercice et, comme tel, il a été adopté par la piété populaire et
sanctionné par l’Autorité pontificale, qui l’a également enrichi de nombreuses
indulgences ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) la doxologie Gloria
Patri, qui, conformément à une orientation de toute la piété chrétienne, vient
conclure la prière par la glorification de Dieu, un et trine, de qui, par qui
et pour qui sont toutes choses (cf. Rm 11, 36).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">50. Tels sont les
éléments du Rosaire. Chacun d’eux a son caractère propre qui, bien compris et
apprécié, doit se refléter dans la récitation, afin que le Rosaire exprime
toute sa richesse et sa variété. Ce caractère deviendra par conséquent grave
dans la Prière du Seigneur ; lyrique et laudatif dans le calme déroulement
des Ave Maria ; contemplatif dans la méditation attentive des
mystères ; implorant dans la supplication ; plein d’adoration dans la
doxologie. Et ce, dans chaque manière habituelle de réciter le Rosaire : ou en
privé, celui qui prie se recueillant dans l’intimité avec son Seigneur ; ou de
façon communautaire, en famille ou avec des fidèles réunis pour créer les
conditions d’une présence particulière du Seigneur (cf. Mt 18, 20) ;
ou publiquement, dans des assemblées où la communauté ecclésiale est convoquée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">51. Ces derniers temps
ont été créés quelques pieux exercices, qui tirent leur inspiration du Rosaire.
Parmi eux, nous désirons indiquer et recommander ceux qui insèrent dans le
schéma habituel des célébrations de la Parole de Dieu certains éléments du
Chapelet de la Vierge Marie, comme la méditation des mystères et la répétition
litanique de la salutation angélique. Ces éléments acquièrent ainsi un plus
grand relief lorsqu’ils sont inclus dans la lecture de textes bibliques,
illustrés par l’homélie, entourés de temps de silence, soulignés par le chant.
Nous nous réjouissons de savoir que ces exercices ont contribué à faire saisir
de manière plus complète les richesses spirituelles du Rosaire lui-même, et à
remettre en honneur sa pratique dans des associations et des mouvements de
jeunes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">52. Nous voudrions
maintenant, en continuité avec les intentions de nos Prédécesseurs, recommander
vivement la récitation du Rosaire en famille. Le <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/index_fr.htm">Concile
Vatican II</a> a mis en lumière comment la famille, cellule première et
vitale de la société, « par l’amour mutuel de ses membres et la prière faite à
Dieu en commun, se présente comme un sanctuaire domestique de l’Église » [<a name="_ftnref115"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn115"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref115;">115</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref115;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref115;"></span>]. La famille chrétienne apparaît donc
comme une « Église domestique » [<a name="_ftnref116"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn116"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref116;">116</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref116;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref116;"></span>] si ses membres, dans leur milieu
propre et selon leurs tâches respectives, travaillent ensemble à promouvoir la
justice, pratiquent les œuvres de miséricorde, se consacrent au service de
leurs frères, prennent part, dans un cadre plus vaste, à l’apostolat de la
communauté locale et s’insèrent dans son culte liturgique [<a name="_ftnref117"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn117"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref117;">117</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref117;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref117;"></span>] ; et aussi s’ils élèvent en commun de
ferventes prières vers Dieu : cet élément venant à manquer, le caractère même
de famille chrétienne ferait défaut. C’est pourquoi, un effort concret pour
instaurer la prière en commun dans la vie de famille doit normalement faire
suite à la redécouverte de la notion théologique de la famille comme Église
domestique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">53. En accord avec les
directives conciliaires, la Présentation générale de la Liturgie des Heures
range à juste titre la cellule familiale au nombre des assemblées auxquelles
sied la célébration en commun de l’Office divin : « Il convient (…) que la
famille, en tant que sanctuaire domestique de l’Église, ne se contente pas de
pratiquer la prière en commun, mais aussi qu’elle s’unisse plus étroitement à
l’Église en utilisant, suivant ses possibilités, l’une ou l’autre partie de la
Liturgie des Heures » [<a name="_ftnref118"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn118"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref118;">118</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref118;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref118;"></span>]. On ne doit rien négliger pour que
cette indication claire et pratique trouve dans les familles chrétiennes une
application croissante et joyeuse.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">54. Mais, après la
célébration de la Liturgie des Heures – sommet que peut atteindre la prière
familiale – il n’y a pas de doute que le Chapelet de la Vierge Marie doit être
considéré comme une des plus excellentes et des plus efficaces « prières en
commun » que la famille chrétienne est invitée à réciter. Nous aimons penser en
effet, et nous espérons vivement, que si la rencontre familiale devient un
temps de prière, le Rosaire en est une expression fréquente et appréciée. Nous
savons bien que les nouvelles conditions de vie des hommes ne facilitent pas à
notre époque les moments où la famille peut se rassembler et que, même lorsque
cela se produit, de nombreuses circonstances rendent difficile de trouver dans
la rencontre une occasion de prière. C’est difficile, sans aucun doute. Mais
c’est également caractéristique de l’agir chrétien que de ne pas céder devant
les conditionnements ambiants, et au contraire de les surmonter ; ne pas
succomber, mais faire face. C’est pourquoi, les familles qui veulent vivre en
plénitude la vocation et la spiritualité propre de la famille chrétienne
doivent dépenser toute leur énergie pour endiguer les forces qui empêchent la
rencontre familiale et la prière en commun.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">55. En terminant ces
observations, témoignage de la sollicitude et de l’estime du Siège Apostolique
envers le Chapelet de la Vierge Marie, nous voudrions toutefois recommander
qu’en diffusant une dévotion aussi salutaire, on n’en altère pas les
proportions, et qu’on ne la présente pas non plus avec un exclusivisme
inopportun : le Rosaire est une prière excellente, au regard de laquelle le
fidèle doit pourtant se sentir sereinement libre, invité à le réciter, en toute
quiétude, par sa beauté intrinsèque.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CONCLUSION.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
VALEUR THÉOLOGIQUE ET PASTORALE DU CULTE DE LA VIERGE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">56. Vénérables Frères, au
terme de notre Exhortation apostolique, nous désirons souligner sous forme de
synthèse la valeur théologique du culte de la Vierge, et rappeler brièvement
son efficacité pastorale pour le renouveau de la vie chrétienne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La piété de l’Église
envers la Vierge est un élément intrinsèque du culte chrétien. La vénération
vouée par l’Église à la Mère du Seigneur en tout temps et en tout lieu – depuis
la salutation par laquelle Élisabeth la proclamait bienheureuse (cf. Lc 1,
42-45) jusqu’aux expressions de louange et de supplication de notre époque –
constitue un puissant témoignage de sa lex orandi et une invitation à
raviver dans les consciences sa lex credendi. Et inversement : la lex
credendi de l’Église demande que, partout, se développe d’une manière
florissante sa lex orandi à l’égard de la Mère du Christ. Le culte de
la Vierge a des racines profondes dans la Parole révélée et de solides
fondements dogmatiques : l’éminente dignité de Marie, « Mère du Fils de Dieu,
et par conséquent Fille de prédilection du Père et sanctuaire de l’Esprit Saint
; don d’une grâce exceptionnelle qui la met bien loin au-dessus de toutes les
créatures dans le ciel et sur la terre » [<a name="_ftnref119"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn119"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref119;">119</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref119;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref119;"></span>] ; sa coopération aux moments décisifs
de l’œuvre du salut accomplie par son Fils ; sa sainteté, déjà totale lors de
sa conception immaculée et pourtant croissant au fur et à mesure qu’elle
adhérait à la volonté du Père et parcourait le chemin de la souffrance
(cf. Lc 2, 34-35 ; 2, 41-52 ; Jn 19, 25-27), en progressant
constamment dans la foi, dans l’espérance et dans la charité ; sa mission et sa
condition unique au sein du Peuple de Dieu, duquel elle est en même temps
membre suréminent, modèle admirable et Mère très aimante ; son intercession
incessante et efficace qui la rend, même une fois montée au ciel, très proche
des fidèles qui la prient et aussi de ceux qui ignorent qu’elle est leur mère ;
sa gloire, qui ennoblit le genre humain tout entier, comme l’a merveilleusement
exprimé le poète Dante : « Tu es celle qui a ennobli la nature humaine, de
sorte que son Créateur n’a pas dédaigné de se faire sa créature » [<a name="_ftnref120"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn120"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref120;">120</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref120;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref120;"></span>] : Marie, en effet, est de notre race,
c’est une véritable fille d’Eve, bien qu’elle n’en ait pas connu la faute, et
aussi notre véritable sueur qui, en femme humble et pauvre, a pleinement
partagé notre condition.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ajoutons que le culte de
la Vierge a sa raison d’être ultime dans la volonté insondable et libre de Dieu
qui, Amour éternel et divin (cf. 1 Jn 4, 7-8, 16), accomplit toute
chose selon un plan d’amour : il l’a aimée et a fait pour elle de grandes
choses (cf. Lc 1, 49) ; il l’a aimée pour lui, il l’a aimée pour nous
; il se l’est donnée à lui-même, il nous l’a donnée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">57. Le Christ est le seul
chemin vers le Père (cf. Jn 14, 4-11). Le Christ est le modèle
suprême auquel le disciple doit conformer sa propre conduite (cf. Jn 13,
15), jusqu’à éprouver les mêmes sentiments que lui (cf. Ph 2, 5),
vivre de sa vie et posséder son Esprit (cf. Ga 2, 20 ; Rm 8,
10-11) : l’Église a enseigné cela de tout temps, et rien, dans l’action
pastorale, ne doit obscurcir cette doctrine. Mais l’Église, enseignée par
l’Esprit et riche d’une expérience séculaire, reconnaît que la piété envers la
Vierge, subordonnée à la piété envers le divin Sauveur et en liaison avec elle,
a également une grande efficacité pastorale et constitue une force pour la
rénovation de la vie chrétienne. La raison d’une telle efficacité est
facilement perceptible. En effet, la mission multiple de Marie à l’égard du
Peuple de Dieu est une réalité surnaturelle opérante et féconde dans
l’organisme ecclésial. Il est réjouissant de considérer les aspects
particuliers d’une telle mission et de voir comment ils s’orientent, chacun
avec son efficacité propre, vers le même but : reproduire dans ses fils les
traits spirituels de son Fils premier-né. Nous voulons dire par là que la
maternelle intercession de la Vierge, sa sainteté exemplaire, la grâce divine
qui est en elle, deviennent pour le genre humain motif d’espérance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La mission maternelle de
la Vierge pousse le Peuple de Dieu à se tourner avec une confiance filiale vers
Celle qui est toujours prête à l’exaucer avec une affection de mère et un
secours efficace d’auxiliatrice [<a name="_ftnref121"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn121"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref121;">121</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref121;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref121;"></span>] ; le Peuple de Dieu a donc pris
l’habitude de l’invoquer comme Consolatrice des affligés, Salut des malades,
Refuge des pécheurs, pour obtenir dans les tribulations le réconfort, dans la
maladie le soulagement, dans la faute la force libératrice ; parce que, libre
du péché, elle conduit ses fils à vaincre le péché avec une résolution
énergique [<a name="_ftnref122"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn122"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref122;">122</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref122;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref122;"></span>]. Et cette libération du péché et du
mal (cf. Mt 6, 13), il faut le réaffirmer, est la première étape
nécessaire de tout renouveau de la vie chrétienne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La sainteté exemplaire de
la Vierge entraîne les fidèles à lever « leurs yeux vers Marie comme modèle des
vertus qui rayonne sur toute la communauté des élus » [<a name="_ftnref123"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn123"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref123;">123</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref123;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref123;"></span>]. Vertus solides, évangéliques : la foi
et l’accueil docile de la Parole de Dieu (cf. Lc 1, 26-38 ; 1, 45 ;
11, 27-28 ; Jn 2, 5) ; l’obéissance généreuse (cf. Lc 1,
38) ; l’humilité sincère (cf. Lc 1, 48) ; la charité empressée
(cf. Lc 1, 39-56) ; la sagesse réfléchie (cf. Lc 1, 29. 34
; 2, 19. 33. 51) ; la piété envers Dieu, qui la rendit zélée dans
l’accomplissement des devoirs religieux (cf. Lc 2, 21. 22-40. 41),
reconnaissante pour les dons reçus (cf. Lc 1, 46-49), offrante dans
le Temple (cf. Lc 2, 22-24), priante dans la communauté apostolique
(cf. Ac 1, 12-14) ; la force d’âme dans l’exil (cf. Mt 2,
13-23), dans la douleur (cf. Lc 2, 34-35. 49 ; Jn 19, 25) ;
la pauvreté pleine de dignité et de confiance en Dieu (cf. Lc 1, 48 ;
2, 24) ; la prévenance attentive envers son Fils, de l’humilité de la crèche à
l’ignominie de la croix (cf. Lc 2, 1-7 ; Jn 19, 25-27) ; la
délicatesse prévoyante (cf. Jn 2, 1-11) ; la pureté virginale
(cf. Mt 1, 18-25 ; Lc 1, 21-38) ; l’amour conjugal fort et
chaste. De ces vertus de la Mère s’orneront les fils qui, avec ténacité,
regardent ses exemple pour les reproduire dans leur vie. Et une telle
progression dans la vertu apparaîtra comme la conséquence et le fruit déjà venu
à maturité de cette force pastorale qui se dégage du culte rendu à la Vierge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La piété envers la Mère
du Seigneur devient pour le fidèle une occasion de croissance dans la grâce
divine c’est le but final de toute action pastorale. Il est impossible en effet
d’honorer la « Pleine de grâce» (Lc 1, 28), sans honorer en soi-même
l’état de grâce, et donc l’amitié avec Dieu, la communion avec lui, la présence
intérieure de l’Esprit. Cette grâce divine investit tout l’homme et le rend
conforme à l’image du Fils de Dieu (cf. Rm 8, 29 ; Col 1,
18). L’Église catholique, se basant sur une expérience séculaire, reconnaît
dans la dévotion à la Vierge une aide puissante pour l’homme en route vers la
conquête de sa plénitude. Elle, la Femme nouvelle, est à côté du Christ,
l’Homme nouveau, dont le mystère seul met en lumière le mystère de l’homme [<a name="_ftnref124"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn124"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref124;">124</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref124;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref124;"></span>] ; elle est le gage et la garantie
qu’en une simple créature – en elle – s’est déjà accompli le dessein de Dieu,
dans le Christ, pour le salut de tout l’homme. À l’homme d’aujourd’hui souvent
tiraillé entre l’angoisse et l’espérance, prostré par le sentiment de ses
limites et assailli par des aspirations sans bornes, troublé dans son âme et
déchiré dans son cœur, l’esprit obsédé par l’énigme de la mort, oppressé par la
solitude alors qu’il tend vers la communion, en proie à la nausée et à l’ennui,
la Vierge Marie, contemplée dans sa vie terrestre et dans la réalité qu’elle
possède déjà dans la Cité de Dieu, offre une vision sereine et une parole
rassurante : la victoire de l’espérance sur l’angoisse, de la communion sur la
solitude, de la paix sur le trouble, de la joie et de la beauté sur le dégoût
et la nausée, des perspectives éternelles sur les perspectives temporelles, de
la vie sur la mort.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le sceau final de notre
Exhortation et la raison d’être ultime justifiant la valeur pastorale de la
dévotion à la Vierge pour conduire les hommes au Christ, nous les tirons des
paroles mêmes qu’elle a adressées aux serviteurs des noces de Cana : « Faites
ce qu’il vous dira » (Jn 2, 5). Ces paroles semblent limitées au désir de
porter remède à un contretemps matériel du repas, mais, dans la perspective du
quatrième Évangile, elles semblent plutôt rappeler la formule utilisée par le
Peuple d’Israël pour ratifier l’Alliance du Sinaï (cf. Ex 19, 8 ; 24,
3. 7 ; Dt 5, 27) ou pour en renouveler les engagements (cf. Jos 24,
24 ; Esd 10, 12 ; Ne 5, 12), et elles concordent
merveilleusement avec celles du Père dans la théophanie du Thabor : «
Écoutez-le » (Mt 17, 5).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">58. Nous avons exposé en
détail, vénérables Frères, un point qui est partie intégrante du culte chrétien
: la vénération envers la Mère du Seigneur. Nous y avons été amené par la
nature de cette question, objet d’étude, de réexamen et même parfois de quelque
perplexité ces dernières années. Nous éprouvons du réconfort à penser que le
travail accompli selon les normes du Concile par le Siège Apostolique et par
vous-mêmes – et tout particulièrement la réforme liturgique – est un gage
authentique pour un culte toujours plus vivant et aimant rendu à Dieu, Père,
Fils et Esprit, et pour la croissance de la vie chrétienne chez les fidèles ;
nous trouvons un motif de confiance à constater que la liturgie romaine rénovée
constitue également dans son ensemble un témoignage éclatant de la piété de
l’Église envers la Vierge ; nous sommes soutenu par l’espérance que les
directives données pour rendre cette piété toujours plus limpide et vigoureuse
seront sincèrement appliquées ; enfin, l’occasion que nous a fournie le
Seigneur de proposer quelques thèmes de réflexion destinés à renouveler et
confirmer l’estime pour la pratique du Rosaire nous remplit d’allégresse.
Réconfort, confiance, espérance, joie : tels sont les sentiments que, en
unissant notre voix à la voix de la Vierge – comme le dit la liturgie romaine [<a name="_ftnref125"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftn125"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref125;">125</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref125;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref125;"></span>] –, nous voudrions traduire en louange
fervente et en remerciement au Seigneur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Souhaitant donc que,
grâce à vos efforts généreux, Frères très chers, il y aura chez le clergé et
chez le peuple confié à vos soins un salutaire accroissement de la dévotion
mariale, pour le plus grand bien de l’Église et de la société humaine, nous
vous accordons de grand cœur, à vous et à tous les fidèles auprès desquels s’exerce
votre zèle pastoral, une Bénédiction Apostolique toute spéciale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Donné à Rome, près de
Saint-Pierre, en la fête de la Présentation du Seigneur, le 2 février 1974,
onzième année de notre Pontificat.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">PAUL VI, PAPE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref1"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn1;">1</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn1;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn1;"></span>] Cf. Lactance, Divinae
institutiones IV, 3, 6-10 : CSEL 19, p. 279.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn2"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref2"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2;">2</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur la
sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#1.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a><a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#1.">,
nn. 1-3</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#11.">11</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#21.">21</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#48.">48</a> : AAS 56
(1964), pp. 97-98, 102-103, 105-106, 113.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn3"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref3"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn3;">3</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn3;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn3;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur la
sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#103.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 103</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn4"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref4"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn4;">4</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn4;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn4;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 66</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn5"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn5;">5</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn5;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn5;"></span>] Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn6"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref6"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn6;">6</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn6;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn6;"></span>] Messe votive de la bienheureuse Vierge
Marie Mère de l’Église, Préface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn7"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref7"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn7;">7</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn7;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn7;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">Lumen
Gentium, nn. 66-67</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 65-66 ; Constitution
sur la sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#103.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 103</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn8"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref8"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn8;">8</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn8;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn8;"></span>] Cf. Exhortation apostolique Signum
magnum : AAS 59 (1967), pp. 465-475.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn9"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref9"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn9;">9</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn9;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn9;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur la
sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#3.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 3</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 98.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn10"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref10"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn10;">10</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn10;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn10;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#102.">ibid.,
n. 102</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn11"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref11"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn11;">11</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn11;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn11;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum ex Decr.
Sacr. Oec. Conc. Vat. II instauratum, auctoritate Pauli PP. VI
promulgatum, ed. typica MCMLXX, Die 8 decembris, Praefatio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn12"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref12"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn12;">12</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn12;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn12;"></span>] Missale Romanum ex Decr. Sacr.
Oec. Conc. Vat. II instauratum, auctoritate Pauli PP. VI promulgatum. Ordo
lectionum Missae, ed. typica, MCMLXIX, p. 8 : Lectio I (Anno A : Is 7,
10-14 : « Ecce Virgo concipiet » ; Anno B : 2 Sam 7, 1-5. 8b-11. 16 :
« Regnum David erit usque in aeternum ante faciem Domini» ; Anno C : Mich 5,
2-5a [He 1-4a] « Ex te egredietur dominator in Israel »).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn13"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref13"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn13;">13</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn13;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn13;"></span>] Ibid., p. 8 : Evangelium (Anno
A : Mt 1, 18-24 : « Iesus nascetur de Maria, desponsata loseph, filio
David » ; Anno B Lc 1, 26-38 : « Ecce concipies in utero et paries
filium m ; Anno C : Lc 1, 39-45 : « Unde hoc mihi ut veniat mater
Domini mei ad me ? »).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn14"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref14"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn14;">14</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn14;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn14;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Praefatio
de Adventu, II.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn15"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref15"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn15;">15</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn15;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn15;"></span>] Missale Romanum, ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn16"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref16"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn16;">16</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn16;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn16;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Prex eucharistica
I, Communicantes in Nativitate Domini et per octavam.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn17"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref17"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn17;">17</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn17;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn17;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Die 1
ianuarii, Ant. ad introitum et Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn18"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref18"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn18;">18</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn18;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn18;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Die 22
augusti, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn19"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref19"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn19;">19</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn19;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn19;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Die 8
septembris, Post communionem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn20"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref20"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn20;">20</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn20;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn20;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Die 31 maii, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn21"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref21"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn21;">21</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn21;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn21;"></span>] Cf. ibid., Collecta et Super
oblata.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn22"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref22"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn22;">22</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn22;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn22;"></span>] Missale Romanun, Die 15 septembris, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn23"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref23"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn23;">23</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn23;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn23;"></span>] Cf. n. 1, p. 15.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn24"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn24;">24</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn24;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn24;"></span>] Parmi les nombreuses anaphores, voir les
suivantes, particulièrement en honneur chez les orientaux : Anaphora Marci
Evangelistae : Prex eucharistica, éd. A. Hänggi-I. Pahl, Fribourg, Editions
Universitaires, 1968, p. 107 ; Anaphora Iacobi fratris Domini graeca, ibid.,
p. 257 ; Anaphora Ioannis Chrysostomi, ibid., p. 229.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn25"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref25"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn25;">25</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn25;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn25;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Die 8
decembris, Praefatio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn26"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref26"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn26;">26</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn26;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn26;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Die 15
augusti, Praefatio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn27"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref27"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn27;">27</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn27;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn27;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Die 1
ianuarii, Post communionem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn28"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref28"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn28;">28</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn28;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn28;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Commune B.
Marine Virginis, 6. Tempore paschali, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn29"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref29"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn29;">29</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn29;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn29;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Die 15
septembris, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn30"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref30"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn30;">30</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn30;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn30;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Die 31 maii, Collecta.
Dans la même ligne : Praefatio de B. Maria Virgine, II : « Vere
dignum… beatae Virginis Mariae memoriam recolentes, clementiam tuam ipsius
grato magnificare praeconio ».<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn31"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref31"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn31;">31</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn31;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn31;"></span>] Cf. Ordo lectionum Missae, Dom. III
Adventus (Anno C Soph 3, 14-18a) ; Dom. IV Adventus (cf. ci-dessus
note 12) ; Dom. infra Oct. Nativitatis (Anno A : Mt 2, 13-15. 19-23 ;
Anno B : Lc 2, 22-40 ; Anno C : Lc 2, 41-52) ; Dom. II post
Nativitatem (Io 1, 1-18) ; Dom. VII Paschae (Anno A : Act 1,
12-14) ; Dom. II per annum (Anno C : Io 2, 1-12) ; Dom. X per annum
(Anno B : Gen 3, 9-15) ; Dom. XIV per annum (Anno B : Mc 6,
1-6).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn32"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref32"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn32;">32</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn32;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn32;"></span>] Cf. Ordo lectionum Missae, Pro
catechumenatu et baptismo adultorum, Ad traditionem Orationis Dominicae (Lectio
II, 2 ; Gal 4, 4-7) ; Ad Initiationem christianam extra Vigiliam paschalem
(Evang., 7 : Io 1, 1-5. 9-14. 16-18) ; Pro nuptiis (Evang., 7 : Io 2,
1-11) ; Pro consecratione virginum et professione religiosa (Lectio I, 7
: Is 61, 9-11 ; Evang., 6 Mc 3, 31-35 ; Lc I,
26-38 [Ordo consecrationis virginum, n. 130 ; Ordo professionis religiosa,
Pars altera, n. 1451]).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn33"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref33"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn33;">33</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn33;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn33;"></span>] Cf. Ordo lectionum Missae, Pro
profugis et exsulibus (Evang., 1 : Mt 2, 13-15. 19-23) ; Pro
gratiarum actione (Lectio I, 4 ; Soph 3, 14-15).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn34"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref34"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn34;">34</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn34;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn34;"></span>] La Divina Commedia, Paradiso XXXIII,
1-9 ; cf. Liturgia Horarum, Memoria Sanctae Mariae in Sabbato, ad Officium
lectionis, Hymnus.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn35"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref35"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn35;">35</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn35;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn35;"></span>] Cf. Ordo baptismi parvulorum, n. 48
; Ordo initiationis christianae adultorum, n. 214.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn36"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref36"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn36;">36</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn36;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn36;"></span>] Cf. Rituale Romanum, Tit. VII, cap.
III, De benedictione mulieris post partum.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn37"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref37"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn37;">37</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn37;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn37;"></span>] Cf. Ordo professionis religiosae,
Pars prior, nn. 57 et 67.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn38"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref38"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn38;">38</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn38;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn38;"></span>] Cf. Ordo consecrationis virginum, n.
16.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn39"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref39"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn39;">39</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn39;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn39;"></span>] Cf. Ordo professionis religiosae,
Pars prior, nn. 62 et 142 ; Pars altera, nn. 67 et 158 ; Ordo
consecrationis virginum, nn. 18 et 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn40"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref40"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn40;">40</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn40;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn40;"></span>] Cf. Ordo unctionis infirmorum
eorumque pastorales curae, nn. 143, 146, 147, 150.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn41"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref41"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn41;">41</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn41;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn41;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Missae
defunctorum, Pro defunctis fratribus, propinquis et benefactoribus, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn42"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref42"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn42;">42</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn42;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn42;"></span>] Cf. Ordo exsequiarum, n. 226.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn43"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref43"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn43;">43</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn43;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn43;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#63.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 63</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn44"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref44"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn44;">44</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn44;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn44;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur
la sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#7.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 7</a> : AAS 56 (1964), pp. 100-101.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn45"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref45"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn45;">45</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn45;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn45;"></span>] Sermo 215, 4 : PL 38,
1074.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn46"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref46"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn46;">46</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn46;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn46;"></span>] Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn47"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref47"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn47;">47</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn47;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn47;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur la Révélation divine <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_fr.html#21.">Dei
Verbum, n. 21</a> : AAS 58 (1966), pp. 827-828.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn48"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref48"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn48;">48</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn48;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn48;"></span>] Cf. Adversus Haereses IV, 7, 1
: PG 7, 1, 990-991 ; S Ch 100, t. II, pp. 454-458.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn49"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref49"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn49;">49</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn49;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn49;"></span>] Adversus Haereses III, 10, 2
: PG 7, 1, 873 ; S Ch 34, p. 164.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn50"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref50"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn50;">50</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn50;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn50;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#62.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 62</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 63.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn51"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref51"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn51;">51</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn51;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn51;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur la
sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#83.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 83</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 121.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn52"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref52"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn52;">52</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn52;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn52;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#63.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 63</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn53"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref53"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn53;">53</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn53;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn53;"></span>] <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#64.">Ibid.,
n. 64</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn54"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref54"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn54;">54</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn54;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn54;"></span>] Tractatus XXV (in Nativitate
Domini), n. 5 : CCL 138, p. 123 ; S Ch 22 bis, p. 132 ; cf.
aussi Tractatus XXIX (In Nativitate Domini), 1 : CCL ibid., p.
147 ; S Ch ibid., p. 178 ; Tractatus LXIII (De Passione Domini),
6 : CCL ibid., p. 386 ; S Ch 74, p. 82.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn55"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref55"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn55;">55</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn55;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn55;"></span>] M. Ferotin, Le « Liber Mozarabicus
Sacramentorum », col. 56.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn56"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref56"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn56;">56</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn56;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn56;"></span>] In purificatione B. Mariae, Sermo III,
2 : PL 183,370 ; Sancti Bernardi Opera, éd. J. Leclercq-H.
Rochais, IV, Romae 1966, p. 342.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn57"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref57"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn57;">57</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn57;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn57;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#57.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 57</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 61.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn58"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref58"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn58;">58</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn58;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn58;"></span>] <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#58.">Ibid.,
n. 58</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 61.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn59"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref59"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn59;">59</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn59;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn59;"></span>] Cf. Pie XII, Encyclique <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/fr/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_29061943_mystici-corporis-christi.html">Mystici
Corporis</a> : AAS 35 (1943), p. 247.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn60"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref60"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn60;">60</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn60;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn60;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur
la sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#47.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 47</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 113.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn61"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref61"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn61;">61</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn61;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn61;"></span>] Cf. <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#102.">ibid.,
nn. 102</a> et <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#106.">106</a> : AAS 56
(1964), pp. 125 et 126.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn62"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref62"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn62;">62</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn62;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn62;"></span>] « … meminisse dignare omnium eorum, qui a
saeculo placuerunt tibi, patrum sanctorum, patriarcharum, prophetarum,
apostolorum (…) et sanctae et gloriosae genitricis Dei Mariae et omnium
sanctorum (…) meminerint miseriae et paupertatis nostrae, et offerant tibi
nobiscum sacrificium hoc tremendum et incruentum » : Anaphora Iacobi
fratris Domini syriaca : Prex Eucharistica, éd. A. Hänggi-I. Pahl, Fribourg,
Editions Universitaires, 1968, p. 274.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn63"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref63"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn63;">63</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn63;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn63;"></span>] Expositio Evangelii secundum Lucam,
II, 26 : CSEL 32, IV, p. 55 ; S Ch 45, pp. 83-84.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn64"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref64"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn64;">64</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn64;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn64;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#62.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 62</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 63.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn65"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref65"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn65;">65</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn65;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn65;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur la
sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#103.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 103</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn66"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref66"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn66;">66</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn66;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn66;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#67.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 67</a>. AAS 57 (1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn67"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref67"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn67;">67</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn67;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn67;"></span>] Cf. <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#67.">ibid.,
n. 67</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn68"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref68"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn68;">68</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn68;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn68;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur
la sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#104.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 104</a> : AAS 56 (1964), pp. 125-126.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn69"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref69"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn69;">69</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn69;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn69;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 66</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn70"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref70"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn70;">70</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn70;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn70;"></span>] Cf. Paul VI, Allocution prononcée le
24 avril 1970 au sanctuaire Notre-Dame de Bonaria à Cagliari : AAS 62
(1970), p. 300.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn71"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref71"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn71;">71</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn71;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn71;"></span>] Pie IX, Lettre apostolique Ineffabilis
Deus : Pii IX Pontificis Maximi Acta, I, 1, Romae 1854, p. 599 ; voir
aussi V. Sardi, La solenne definizione del dogma dell’Immacolato
concepimento di Maria Santissima. Atti e documenta…, Rome 1904-1905, vol. II,
p. 302.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn72"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref72"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn72;">72</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn72;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn72;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 66</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn73"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref73"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn73;">73</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn73;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn73;"></span>] St Ildefonse, De virginitate perpetua
sanctae Mariae, cap. XII : PL 96, 108.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn74"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref74"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn74;">74</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn74;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn74;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#56.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 56</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 60, et les auteurs cités
à cet endroit à la note 176.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn75"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref75"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn75;">75</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn75;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn75;"></span>] Cf. St Ambroise, De Spiritu
Sancto 11. 37-38 : CSEL 79, pp. 100-101 ; Cassien, De
incarnatione Domini II, cap. II CSEL 17, pp. 247-249 ; St Bède
le vénérable, Homelia I, 3 CCL 122, p. 18 et p. 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn76"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref76"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn76;">76</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn76;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn76;"></span>] Cf. St Ambroise, De institutione
virginis, cap. XII, 79 ; PL 16 (éd. 1880), 339 ; Epistula 30,
3 et Epistula 42, 7 : ibid., 1107 et 1175 ; Expositio
evangelii secundum Lucam X, 132 ; S Ch 52, p. 200 ; St Proclus de
Constantinople, Oratio I, 1 et Oratio V, 3 : PG 65,
681 et 720 ; St Basile de Séleucie, Oratio XXXIX 3 : PG 85,
433 ; St André de Crète, Oratio IV PG 97, 868 ; St Germain
de Constantinople, Oratio III, 15 PG 98, 305.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn77"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref77"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn77;">77</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn77;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn77;"></span>] Cf. St Jérôme, Adversus
Iovinianum I, 33 : PL 23, 267 ; St Ambroise, Epistula 63,
33 : PL 16 (éd. 1880), 1249 : De Institutione virginis, cap.
XVII, 105 : ibid., 346 ; De Spiritu Sancto III, 79-80 : CSEL 79,
pp. 182-183 ; Sedulius, Hymnus « A solis ortus cardine », vv. 13-14. CSEL 10,
p. 164 ; Hymnus Acathistos, str. 23 : éd. I. B. Patra, Analecta Sacra,
I, p. 261 ; St Proclus de Constantinople, Oratio I, 3 : PG 65,
684 ; Oratio II, 6 : ibid., 700 ; St Basile de Séleucie, Oratio IV
: PG 97, 868 ; St Jean Damascène, Oratio IV, 10 : PG 96,
677.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn78"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref78"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn78;">78</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn78;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn78;"></span>] Cf. Sévère d’Antioche, Momilia 57
: PO 8, pp. 357-358 ; Hésychius de Jérusalem, Homilia de sancta
Maria Deipara : PG 93, 1464 ; Chrysippe de Jérusalem, Oratio
in sanctam Mariam Deiparam, 2 : PO 19, p. 338 ; S. André de
Crète, Oratio V : PG 97, 896 ; S. Jean Damascène, Oratio VI,
6 PG 96, 672.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn79"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref79"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn79;">79</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn79;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn79;"></span>] Liber Apotheosis, vv. 571-572 : CCL
126, p .97.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn80"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref80"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn80;">80</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn80;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn80;"></span>] Cf. St Isidore, De ortu et obitu
Patrum, cap. LXVII, 111 PL 83, 148 ; St Ildefonse, De
virginitate perpetua sanctae Mariae, cap. X : PL 96, 95 ; St
Bernard, In Assumptione B. Virginis Maries, Sermo IV, 4 : PL 183,
428 ; In Nativitate B. Virginis Mariae : ibid., 442 ; St Pierre
Damien, Carmina sacra et preces II, Oratio ad Deum Filium : PL 145,
921 ; Antiphona « Beata Dei Genitrix Maria » : Corpus antiphonialium
officii, éd. R. J. Hesbert, Rome 1970, vol. IV, n. 6314, p. 80.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn81"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref81"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn81;">81</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn81;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn81;"></span>] Cf. Paul Diacre, Homilia I, In
Assumptione B. Mariae Virginis : PL 95, 1567. De
Assumptione sanctae Mariae Virginis attribué à Paschase Radbert, nn. 31, 42,
57, 83 : éd. A. Ripberger, in « Spicilegium Friburgense », n. 9, 1962, pp. 72,
76, 84, 96-97 ; Eadmer de Cantorbéry, De excellentia Virginis Mariae, cap.
IV-V : PL 159, 562-567 ; St Bernard, In laudibus Virginis Matris, Homilia IV,
3 : Sancti Bernardi Opera, éd. J. Leclercq-H. Rochais, vol. IV, Rome 1966,
pp. 49-50.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn82"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref82"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn82;">82</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn82;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn82;"></span>] Cf. Origène, In Lucam Homilia VII,
3 : PG 13,1817 ; S Ch 87, p. 156 ; St Cyrille d’Alexandrie, Commentarius
in Aggaeum prophetam, cap. XIX : PG 71, 1060 ; St Ambroise, De
fide IV, 9, 113-114 : CSEL 78, pp. 197-198 ; Expositio evangelii
secundum Lucam II, 23 et 27-28 : CSEL 32, IV, pp. 53-54 et 55-56 ; Sévérien de
Gaoala, In mundi creationem oratio VI, 10 : PG 56, 497-498
; Antipater de Bostia, Homilia in Sanctissimae Deiparae Annuntiationem, 16
: PG 85, 1785.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn83"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref83"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn83;">83</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn83;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn83;"></span>] Cf. Eadmer de Cantorbéry, De
excellentia Virginis Mariae, cap. VII : PL 159, 571 ; St Amédée de
Lausanne, De Maria Virginea Matre Homilia VII : PL 188,
1337 ; S Ch 72, p. 184.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn84"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref84"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn84;">84</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn84;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn84;"></span>] De virginitate perpetua sanctae
Mariae, cap. XII : PL 96, 106.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn85"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref85"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn85;">85</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn85;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn85;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église Lumen Gentium, n. 54 : AAS 57 (1965), p.
59. Cf. Paul VI, Allocution aux Pères conciliaires lors de la clôture de
la deuxième session du Concile œcuménique Vatican II, le 4 décembre 1963
: AAS 56 (1964), p. 37.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn86"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref86"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn86;">86</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn86;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn86;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#6.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 6</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#7.">7-8</a>, <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#9.">9-17</a> : AAS 57
(1965), pp. 8-9, 9-12, 12-21.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn87"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref87"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn87;">87</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn87;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn87;"></span>] <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#63.">Ibid.,
n. 63</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn88"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref88"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn88;">88</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn88;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn88;"></span>] St Cyprien, De catholicae Ecclesiae
unitate, 5 : CSEL 3, p. 214.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn89"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref89"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn89;">89</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn89;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn89;"></span>] Isaac de l’Etoile, Sermo LI, In
Assumptione B. Mariae PL 194, 1863.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn90"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref90"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn90;">90</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn90;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn90;"></span>] Sermo XXX, 1 : S Ch 164, p. 134.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn91"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref91"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn91;">91</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn91;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn91;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">Lumen
Gentium, nn. 66-69</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 65-67.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn92"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref92"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn92;">92</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn92;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn92;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur la Révélation divine <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_fr.html#25.">Dei
Verbum, n. 25</a> : AAS 58 (1966), pp. 829-830.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn93"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref93"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn93;">93</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn93;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn93;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution sur la
sainte liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#13.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 13</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 103.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn94"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref94"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn94;">94</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn94;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn94;"></span>] Cf. Officium magni canons
paracletici, Magnum Orologion, Athenis 1963, p. 558 ; passim dans
les canons et tropaires liturgiques : cf. Sophrone Eustradiadou, Theotokarion,
Chennevières-sur-Marne 1931, pp. 9, 19.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn95"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref95"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn95;">95</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn95;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn95;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#69.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 69</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 66-67.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn96"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref96"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn96;">96</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn96;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn96;"></span>] Cf. <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">ibid.,
n. 66</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 65 ; Constitution sur la sainte
liturgie <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_fr.html#103.">Sacrosanctum
Concilium, n. 103</a> : AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn97"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref97"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn97;">97</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn97;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn97;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#67.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 67</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn98"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref98"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn98;">98</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn98;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn98;"></span>] <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#66.">Ibid.,
n. 66</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn99"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref99"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn99;">99</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn99;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn99;"></span>] Cf. Paul VI, Allocution aux Pères
conciliaires, en la basilique du Vatican, le 21 novembre 1964 : AAS 56
(1964), p. 1017.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn100"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref100"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn100;">100</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn100;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn100;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Décret sur
l’œcuménisme <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_fr.html#20.">Unitatis
redintegratio, n. 20</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 105.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn101"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref101"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn101;">101</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn101;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn101;"></span>] Encyclique Adiutricem populi : AAS 28
(1895-1896), p. 135.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn102"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref102"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn102;">102</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn102;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn102;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#56.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 56</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 60.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn103"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref103"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn103;">103</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn103;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn103;"></span>] St Pierre Chrysologue, Sermo CXLIII
: PL 52, 583.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn104"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref104"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn104;">104</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn104;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn104;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution dogmatique
sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#55.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 55</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 59-60.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn105"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref105"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn105;">105</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn105;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn105;"></span>] Cf. Paul VI, Exhortation
apostolique Signum magnum, I : AAS 59 (1967), pp. 467-468
; Missale Romanum, Die 15 septembris, Super oblata.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn106"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref106"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn106;">106</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn106;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn106;"></span>] Cf. Constitution dogmatique sur
l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#67.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 67</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn107"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref107"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn107;">107</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn107;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn107;"></span>] Cf. St Augustin, In Iohannis
Evangelium, Tractatus X, 3 : CCL 36, pp. 101-102 ; Epistula 243, Ad
Laetum, n. 9 : CSEL 57, pp. 575-576 ; St Bède le vénérable, In Lucae
Evangelium expositio, IV, XI, 28 : CCL 120, p. 237 ; Homelia I,
4 : CCL 122, pp. 26-27.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn108"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref108"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn108;">108</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn108;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn108;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#58.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 58</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 61.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn109"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref109"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn109;">109</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn109;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn109;"></span>] Missale Romanum, Dominica IV
Adventus, Collecta. Dans le même sens, cf. Collecta du 25 mars,
qui peut remplacer la précédente dans la récitation de l’Angélus.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn110"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref110"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn110;">110</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn110;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn110;"></span>] Pie XII, Lettre Philippinas Insulas,
à l’Archevêque de Manille : AAS 38 (1946), p. 419.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn111"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref111"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn111;">111</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn111;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn111;"></span>] Cf. Allocution aux participants au
IIIe Congrès international dominicain du Rosaire : Insegnamenti
di Paolo VI, 1 (1963), pp. 463-464.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn112"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref112"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn112;">112</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn112;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn112;"></span>] Cf. AAS 58 (1966), pp. 745-749.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn113"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref113"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn113;">113</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn113;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn113;"></span>] Cf. AAS 61 (1969), pp. 649-654.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn114"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref114"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn114;">114</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn114;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn114;"></span>] Cf. n. 13 : AAS 56 (1964), p. 103.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn115"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref115"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn115;">115</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn115;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn115;"></span>] Décret sur l’apostolat des laïcs Apostolicam
actuositatem n. 11 : AAS 58 (1966), p. 848.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn116"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref116"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn116;">116</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn116;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn116;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#11.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 11</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 16.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn117"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref117"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn117;">117</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn117;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn117;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Décret sur
l’apostolat des laïcs <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651118_apostolicam-actuositatem_fr.html">Apostolicam
actuositatem, n. 11</a> : AAS 58 (1966), p. 848.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn118"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref118"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn118;">118</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn118;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn118;"></span>] N. 27.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn119"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref119"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn119;">119</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn119;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn119;"></span>] Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#53.">Lumen
Gentium, n. 53</a> : AAS 57 (1965). pp. 58-59.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn120"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref120"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn120;">120</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn120;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn120;"></span>] La Divina Commedia, Paradiso XXXIII,
4-6.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn121"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref121"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn121;">121</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn121;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn121;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
dogmatique sur l’Église <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#60.">Lumen
Gentium, nn. 60-63</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 62-64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn122"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref122"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn122;">122</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn122;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn122;"></span>] Cf. <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#65.">ibid.,
n. 65</a> : AAS 57 (1965), pp. 64-65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn123"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref123"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn123;">123</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn123;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn123;"></span>] <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_fr.html#65.">Ibid.,
n. 65</a> : AAS 57 (1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn124"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref124"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn124;">124</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn124;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn124;"></span>] Cf. Concile Vatican II, Constitution
pastorale sur l’Église dans le monde de ce temps <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_fr.html">Gaudium
et Spes</a>, n. 22 : AAS 58 (1966), pp. 1042-1044.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[<a name="_ftn125"></a><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html#_ftnref125"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn125;">125</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn125;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn125;"></span>] Cf. Missale Romanum, Die 31
maii, Collecta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">APOSTOLIC EXHORTATION</b></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">OF HIS HOLINESS PAUL VI</b></div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>MARIALIS CULTUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">FOR THE RIGHT ORDERING
AND DEVELOPMENT</b></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">OF DEVOTION TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY</b></div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">To All Bishops in Peace
and Communion</b></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">with the Apostolic See</b></div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>February 2, 1974</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Division of the Treatise<br />
Occasion and Purpose of the Document</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Venerable Brothers:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Health and the Apostolic
Blessing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From the moment when we
were called to the See of Peter, we have constantly striven to enhance devotion
to the Blessed Virgin Mary, not only with the intention of interpreting the
sentiments of the Church and our own personal inclination but also because, as
is well known, this devotion forms a very noble part of the whole sphere of
that sacred worship in which there intermingle the highest expressions of
wisdom and of religion(1) and which is therefore the primary task of the People
of God.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Precisely with a view to
this task, we have always favored and encouraged the great work of liturgical
reform promoted by the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, and it has certainly
come about not without a particular design of divine Providence that the first
conciliar document which together with the venerable Fathers we approved and
signed in Spiritu Sancto was the Constitution <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html">Sacrosanctum
concilium</a>. The purpose of this document was precisely to restore and
enhance the liturgy and to make more fruitful the participation of the faithful
in the sacred mysteries.(2) From that time onwards, many acts of our
pontificate have been directed towards the improvement of divine worship, as is
demonstrated by the fact that we have promulgated in these recent years
numerous books of the Roman Rite, restored according to the principles and
norms of the same Council. For this we profoundly thank the Lord, the giver of
all good things, and we are grateful to the episcopal conferences and
individual bishops who in various ways have collaborated with us in the
preparation of these books.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We contemplate with joy
and gratitude the work so far accomplished and the first positive results of
the liturgical renewal, destined as they are to increase as this renewal comes
to be understood in its basic purposes and correctly applied. At the same time
we do not cease with vigilant solicitude to concern ourself with whatever can
give orderly fulfillment to the renewal of the worship with which the Church in
spirit and truth (cf. Jn. 4:24) adores the Father and the Son and the Holy
Spirit, "venerates with special love Mary the most holy Mother of
God"(3) and honors with religious devotion the memory of the martyrs and
the other saints.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The development, desired
by us, of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary is an indication of the Church's
genuine piety. This devotion fits-as we have indicated above-into the only
worship that is rightly called "Christian," because it takes its
origin and effectiveness from Christ, finds its complete expression in Christ,
and leads through Christ in the Spirit to the Father. In the sphere of worship
this devotion necessarily reflects God's redemptive plan, in which a special
form of veneration is appropriate to the singular place which Mary occupies in
that plan.(4) Indeed every authentic development of Christian worship is
necessarily followed by a fitting increase of veneration for the Mother of the
Lord. Moreover, the history of piety shows how "the various forms of
devotion towards the Mother of God that the Church has approved within the limits
of wholesome and orthodox doctrine"(5) have developed in harmonious
subordination to the worship of Christ, and have gravitated towards this
worship as to their natural and necessary point of reference. The same is
happening in our own time. The Church's reflection today on the mystery of
Christ and on her own nature has led her to find at the root of the former and
is a culmination of the latter the same figure of a woman: the Virgin Mary, the
Mother of Christ and the Mother of the Church. And the increased knowledge of
Mary's mission has become joyful veneration of her and adoring respect for the
wise plan of God, who has placed within His family (the Church), as in every
home, the figure of a Woman, who in a hidden manner and in a spirit of service
watches over that family "and carefully looks after it until the glorious
day of the Lord."(6)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In our time, the changes
that have occurred in social behavior, people's sensibilities, manners of
expression in art and letters and in the forms of social communication have
also influenced the manifestations of religious sentiment. Certain practices of
piety that not long ago seemed suitable for expressing the religious sentiment
of individuals and of Christian communities seem today inadequate or unsuitable
because they are linked with social and cultural patterns of the past. On the
other hand in many places people are seeking new ways of expressing the
unchangeable relationship of creatures with their Creator, of children with
their Father. In some people this may cause temporary confusion. But anyone
who, with trust in God reflects upon these phenomena discovers that many
tendencies of modern piety (for example, the interiorization of religious
sentiment) are meant to play their part in the development of Christian piety
in general and devotion to the Blessed Virgin in particular. Thus our own time,
faithfully attentive to tradition and to the progress of theology and the
sciences, will make its contribution of praise to her whom, according to her
own prophetical words, all generations will call blessed (cf. Lk. 1:48).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We therefore judge it in
keeping with our apostolic service, venerable Brothers, to deal, in a sort of
dialogue, with a number of themes connected with the place that the Blessed
Virgin occupies in the Church's worship. These themes have already been partly
touched upon by the Second Vatican Council(7) and also by ourself,(8) but it is
useful to return to them in order to remove doubts and, especially, to help the
development of that devotion to the Blessed Virgin which in the Church is
motivated by the Word of God and practiced in the Spirit of Christ.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We therefore wish to
dwell upon a number of questions concerning the relationship between the sacred
liturgy and devotion to the Blessed Virgin (I), to offer considerations and
directives suitable for favoring the development of that devotion (II) and
finally to put forward a number of reflections intended to encourage the
restoration, in a dynamic and more informed manner, of the recitation of the
Rosary, the practice of which was so strongly recommended by our predecessors
and is so widely diffused among the Christian people (III).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PART ONE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Devotion to the Blessed
Virgin Mary in the Liturgy</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. As we prepare to
discuss the place which the Blessed Virgin Mary occupies in Christian worship,
we must first turn our attention to the sacred liturgy. In addition to its rich
doctrinal content, the liturgy has an incomparable pastoral effectiveness and a
recognized exemplary conduct for the other forms of worship. We would have
liked to take into consideration the various liturgies of the East and the
West, but for the purpose of this document we shall dwell almost exclusively on
the books of the Roman Rite. In fact, in accordance with the practical norms
issued by the Second Vatican Council,(9) it is this Rite alone which has been
the object of profound renewal. This is true also in regard to expressions of
veneration for Mary. This Rite therefore deserves to be carefully considered
and evaluated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Section One<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Blessed Virgin in the
Revised Roman Liturgy</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. The reform of the
Roman liturgy presupposed a careful restoration of its General Calendar. This
Calendar is arranged in such a way as to give fitting prominence to the
celebration on appropriate days of the work of salvation. It distributes
throughout the year the whole mastery of Christ, from the Incarnation to the
expectation of His return in glory,(10) and thus makes it possible in a more
organic and closely-knit fashion to include the commemoration of Christ's
Mother in the annual cycle of the mysteries of her Son.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. For example, during
Advent there are many liturgical references to Mary besides the Solemnity of
December 8, which is a joint celebration of the Immaculate Conception of Mary,
of the basic preparation (cf. Is. 11:1, 10) for the coming of the Savior and of
the happy beginning of the Church without spot or wrinkle.(11) Such liturgical
references are found especially on the days from December 17 to 24, and more
particularly on the Sunday before Christmas, which recalls the ancient
prophecies concerning the Virgin Mother and the Messiah(12) and includes
readings from the Gospel concerning the imminent birth of Christ and His
precursor.(13)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. In this way the
faithful, living in the liturgy the spirit of Advent, by thinking about the
inexpressible love with which the Virgin Mother awaited her Son,(14) are
invited to take her as a model and to prepare themselves to meet the Savior who
is to come. They must be "vigilant in prayer and joyful in...praise."(15)
We would also remark that the Advent liturgy, by linking the awaiting of the
Messiah and the awaiting of the glorious return of Christ with the admirable
commemoration of His Mother, presents a happy balance in worship. This balance
can be taken as a norm for preventing any tendency (as has happened at times in
certain forms of popular piety) to separate devotion to the Blessed Virgin from
its necessary point of reference-Christ. It also ensures that this season, as
liturgy experts have noted, should be considered as a time particularly suited
to devotion to the Mother of the Lord. This is an orientation that we confirm
and which we hope to see accepted and followed everywhere.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. The Christmas season
is a prolonged commemoration of the divine, virginal and salvific motherhood of
her whose "inviolate virginity brought the Saviour into the
world."(16) n fact, on the Solemnity of the Birth of Christ the Church
both adores the Savior and venerates His glorious Mother. On the Epiphany, when
she celebrates the universal call to salvation, the Church contemplates the
Blessed Virgin, the true Seat of Wisdom and true Mother of the King, who
presents to the Wise Men, for their adoration, the Redeemer of all peoples (cf.
Mt. 2:11). On the Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary and Joseph (the
Sunday within the octave of Christmas) the Church meditates with profound
reverence upon the holy life led in the house at Nazareth by Jesus, the Son of
God and Son of Man, Mary His Mother, and Joseph the just man (cf. Mt. 1:19).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the revised ordering
of the Christmas period it seems to us that the attention of all should be
directed towards the restored Solemnity of Mary the holy Mother of God. This
celebration, placed on January 1 in conformity with the ancient indication of
the liturgy of the City of Rome, is meant to commemorate the part played by
Mary in this mystery of salvation. It is meant also to exalt the singular
dignity which this mystery brings to the "holy Mother...through whom we
were found worthy to receive the Author of life."(17) It is likewise a
fitting occasion for renewing adoration of the newborn Prince of Peace, for
listening once more to the glad tidings of the angels (cf. Lk. 2:14), and for
imploring from God, through the Queen of Peace, the supreme gift of peace. It
is for this reason that, in the happy concurrence of the Octave of Christmas
and the first day of the year, we have instituted the World Day of Peace, an
occasion that is gaining increasing support and already bringing forth fruits
of peace in the hearts of many.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. To the two solemnities
already mentioned (the Immaculate Conception and the Divine Motherhood) should
be added the ancient and venerable celebrations of March 25 and August 15.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For the Solemnity of the
Incarnation of the Word, in the Roman Calendar the ancient title-the
Annunciation of the Lord-has been deliberately restored, but the feast was and
is a joint one of Christ and of the Blessed Virgin: of the Word, who becomes
Son of Mary (Mk. 6:3), and of the Virgin, who becomes Mother of God. With
regard to Christ, the East and the West, in the inexhaustible riches of their
liturgies, celebrate this solemnity as the commemoration of the salvific
"fiat" of the Incarnate Word, who, entering the world, said:
"God, here I am! I am coming to obey Your will" (cf. Heb. 10:7; Ps.
39:8-9). They commemorate it as the beginning of the redemption and of the
indissoluble and wedded union of the divine nature with human nature in the one
Person of the Word. With regard to Mary, these liturgies celebrate it as a
feast of the new Eve, the obedient and faithful virgin, who with her generous
"fiat" (cf. Lk. 1:38) became through the working of the Spirit the
Mother of God, but also the true Mother of the living, and, by receiving into
her womb the one Mediator (cf. 1 Tm. 2:5), became the true Ark of the Covenant
and true Temple of God. These liturgies celebrate it as a culminating moment in
the salvific dialogue between God and man, and as a commemoration of the
Blessed Virgin's free consent and cooperation in the plan of redemption.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The solemnity of August
15 celebrates the glorious Assumption of Mary into heaven. It is a feast of her
destiny of fullness and blessedness, of the glorification of her immaculate
soul and of her virginal body, of her perfect configuration to the Risen
Christ; a feast that sets before the eyes of the Church and of all mankind the
image and the consoling proof of the fulfillment of their final hope, namely,
that this full glorification is the destiny of all those whom Christ has made
His brothers, having "flesh and blood in common with them" (Heb.
2:14; cf. Gal. 4:4). The Solemnity of the Assumption is prolonged in the
celebration of the Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which occurs seven
days later. On this occasion we contemplate her who, seated beside the King of
ages, shines forth as Queen and intercedes as Mother.(18) These four
solemnities therefore, mark with the highest liturgical rank the main dogmatic
truths concerning the handmaid of the lord.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. After the solemnities
just mentioned, particular consideration must be given to those celebrations
that commemorate salvific events in which the Blessed Virgin was closely
associated with her Son. Such are the feasts of the Nativity of Our Lady
(September 8), "the hope of the entire world and the dawn of
salvation"(19); and the Visitation (May 31), in which the liturgy recalls
the "Blessed Virgin Mary carrying her Son within her,"(20) and
visiting Elizabeth to offer charitable assistance and to proclaim the mercy of
God the Savior.(21) Then there is the commemoration of Our Lady of Sorrows
(September 15), a fitting occasion for reliving a decisive moment in the
history of salvation and for venerating, together with the Son "lifted up
on the cross, His suffering Mother."(22)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The feast of February 2,
which has been given back its ancient name, the Presentation of the Lord,
should also be considered as a joint commemoration of the Son and of the
Mother, if we are fully to appreciate its rich content. It is the celebration
of a mystery of salvation accomplished by Christ, a mystery with which the
Blessed virgin was intimately associated as the Mother of the Suffering Servant
of Yahweh, as the one who performs a mission belonging to ancient Israel, and
as the model for the new People of God, which is ever being tested in its faith
and hope by suffering and persecution (cf. Lk. 2:21-35).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. The restored Roman
Calendar gives particular prominence to the celebrations listed above, but it
also includes other kinds of commemorations connected with local devotions and
which have acquired a wider popularity and interest (e.g., February 11, Our
Lady of Lourdes August 5, the Dedication of the Basilica of St. Mary Major).
Then there are others, originally celebrated by particular religious families
but which today, by reason of the popularity they have gained, can truly be
considered ecclesial (e.g., July 16, Our Lady of Mount Carmel; October 7, Our
Lady of the Rosary). There are still others which, apart from their apocryphal
content, present lofty and exemplary values and carry on venerable traditions
having their origin especially in the East (e.g., the Immaculate Heart of the
Blessed Virgin, celebrated on the Saturday following the second Sunday after
Pentecost).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">9. Nor must one forget
that the General Roman Calendar does not include all celebrations in honor of
the Blessed Virgin. Rather, it is for individual Calendars to include, with
fidelity to liturgical norms but with sincere endorsement, the Marian feasts
proper to the different local Churches. Lastly, it should be noted that
frequent commemorations of the Blessed Virgin are possible through the use of
the Saturday Masses of our Lady. This is an ancient and simple commemoration
and one that is made very adaptable and varied by the flexibility of the modern
Calendar and the number of formulas provided by the Missal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">10. In this Apostolic
Exhortation we do not intend to examine the whole content of the new Roman
Missal. But by reason of the work of evaluation that we have undertaken to carry
out in regard to the revised books of the Roman Rite,(23) we would like to
mention some of the aspects and themes of the Missal. In the first place, we
are pleased to note how the Eucharistic Prayers of the Missal, in admirable
harmony with the Eastern liturgies,(24) contain a significant commemoration of
the Blessed Virgin. For example, the ancient Roman Canon, which commemorates
the Mother of the Lord in terms full of doctrine and devotional inspiration:
"In union with the whole Church we honor Mary, the ever-virgin Mother of
Jesus Christ our Lord and God." In a similar way the recent Eucharistic
Prayer III expresses with intense supplication the desire of those praying to
share with the Mother the inheritance of sons: "May he make us an everlasting
gift to you (the Father) and enable us to share in the inheritance of your
saints, with Mary, the Virgin Mother of God." This daily commemoration, by
reason of its place at the heart of the divine Sacrifice, should be considered
a particularly expressive form of the veneration that the Church pays to the
"Blessed of the Most High" (cf. Lk. 1:28).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">11. As we examine the
texts of the revised Missal we see how the great Marian themes of the Roman
prayerbook have been accepted in perfect doctrinal continuity with the past.
Thus, for example, we have the themes of Mary's Immaculate Conception and
fullness of grace, the divine motherhood, the unblemished and fruitful
virginity, the Temple of the Holy Spirit, Mary's cooperation in the work of her
Son, her exemplary sanctity, merciful intercession, Assumption into heaven,
maternal Queenship and many other themes. We also see how other themes, in a
certain sense new ones, have been introduced in equally perfect harmony with
the theological developments of the present day. Thus, for example, we have the
theme of Mary and the Church, which has been inserted into the texts of the
Missal in a variety of aspects, a variety that matches the many and varied
relations that exist between the Mother of Christ and the Church. For example,
in the celebration of the Immaculate Conception which texts recognize the
beginning of the Church, the spotless Bride of Christ.(25) In the Assumption
they recognize the beginning that has already been made and the image of what,
for the whole Church, must still come to pass.(26) In the mystery of Mary's
motherhood they confess that she is the Mother of the Head and of the
members-the holy Mother of God and therefore the provident Mother of the
Church.(27)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When the liturgy turns
its gaze either to the primitive Church or to the Church of our own days it
always finds Mary. In the primitive Church she is seen praying with the
apostles(28); in our own day she is actively present, and the Church desires to
live the mystery of Christ with her: "Grant that your Church which with
Mary shared Christ's passion may be worthy to share also in his
resurrection."(29) She is also seen represented as a voice of praise in
unison with which the Church wishes to give glory to God: "...with her
[Mary] may we always praise you."(30) And since the liturgy is worship
that requires as way of living consistent with it, it asks that devotion to the
Blessed Virgin should become a concrete and deeply-felt love for the Church, as
is wonderfully expressed in the prayer after Communion in the Mass of
September: "...that as we recall the sufferings shared by the Blessed
Virgin Mary, we may with the Church fulfill in ourselves what is lacking in the
sufferings of Christ."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">12. The Lectionary is one
of the books of the Roman Rite that has greatly benefited from the
post-conciliar reform, by reason both of its added texts and of the intrinsic
value of these texts, which contain the ever-living and efficacious word of God
(cf. Heb. 4:12). This rich collection of biblical texts has made it possible to
arrange the whole history of salvation in an orderly three-year cycle and to
set forth more completely the mystery of Christ. The logical consequence has
been that the Lectionary contains a larger number of Old and New Testament
readings concerning the Blessed Virgin. This numerical increase has not however
been based on random choice: only those readings have been accepted which in
different ways and degrees can be considered Marian, either from the evidence
of their content or from the results of careful exegesis, supported by the
teachings of the magisterium or by solid Tradition. It is also right to observe
that these readings occur not only on feasts of the Blessed Virgin but are read
on many other occasions, for example on certain Sundays during the liturgical
year, in the celebration of rites that deeply concern the Christian's
sacramental life and the choices confronting him,(32) as also in the joyful or
sad experiences of his life on earth.(33)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">13. The Liturgy of the
Hours, the revised book of the Office, also contains outstanding examples of
devotion to the Mother of the Lord. These are to be found in the hymns-which
include several masterpieces of universal literature, such as Dante's sublime
prayer to the Blessed Virgin(34)-and in the antiphons that complete the daily
Office. To these lyrical invocations there has been added the well-known
prayer Sub tuum praesidium, venerable for its antiquity and admirable for
its content. Other examples occur in the prayers of intercession at Lauds and
Vespers, prayers which frequently express trusting recourse to the Mother of
mercy. Finally there are selections from the vast treasury of writings on our
Lady composed by authors of the first Christian centuries, of the Middle Ages
and of modern times.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">14. The commemoration of
the Blessed Virgin occurs often in the Missal, the Lectionary and the Liturgy
of the Hours-the hinges of the liturgical prayer of the Roman Rite. In the
other revised liturgical books also expressions of love and suppliant veneration
addressed to the Theotokos are not lacking. Thus the Church invokes her, the
Mother of grace, before immersing candidates in the saving waters of
baptism(35); the Church invokes her intercession for mothers who, full of
gratitude for the gift of motherhood, come to church to express their joy(36);
the Church holds her up as a model to those who follow Christ by embracing the
religious life(37) or who receive the Consecration of Virgins.(38) For these
people the Church asks Mary's motherly assistance.(39) The Church prays
fervently to Mary on behalf of her children who have come to the hour of their
death.(40) The Church asks Mary's intercession for those who have closed their
eyes to the light of this world and appeared before Christ, the eternal Light";(41)
and the Church, through Mary's prayers, invokes comfort upon those who in
sorrow mourn with faith the departure of their loved ones.(42)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">15. The examination of
the revised liturgical books leads us to the comforting observation that the
postconciliar renewal has, as was previously desired by the liturgical
movement, properly considered the Blessed Virgin in the mystery of Christ, and,
in harmony with tradition, has recognized the singular place that belongs to
her in Christian worship as the holy Mother of God and the worthy Associate of
the Redeemer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It could not have been
otherwise. If one studies the history of Christian worship, in fact, one notes
that both in the East and in the West the highest and purest expressions of
devotion to the Blessed Virgin have sprung from the liturgy or have been
incorporated into it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We wish to emphasize the
fact that the veneration which the universal Church today accords to blessed
Mary is a derivation from and an extension and unceasing increase of the
devotion that the Church of every age has paid to her, with careful attention
to truth and with an ever watchful nobility of expression. From perennial
Tradition kept alive by reason of the uninterrupted presence of the Spirit and
continual attention to the Word, the Church of our time draws motives,
arguments and incentives for the veneration that she pays to the Blessed
Virgin. And the liturgy, which receives approval and strength from the
magisterium, is a most lofty expression and an evident proof of this living Tradition.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Section Two<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Blessed Virgin as the
Model of the Church in Divine Worship</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">16. In accordance with
some of the guidelines of the Council's teaching on Mary and the Church, we now
wish to examine more closely a particular aspect of the relationship between
Mary and the liturgy-namely, Mary as a model of the spiritual attitude with
which the Church celebrates and lives the divine mysteries. That the Blessed
virgin is an exemplar in this field derives from the fact that she is
recognized as a most excellent exemplar of the Church in the order of faith,
charity and perfect union with Christ,(43) that is, of that interior
disposition with which the Church, the beloved spouse, closely associated with
her Lord, invokes Christ and through Him worships the eternal Father.(44)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">17. Mary is the attentive
Virgin, who receives the word of God with faith, that faith which in her case
was the gateway and path to divine motherhood, for, as Saint Augustine
realized, "Blessed Mary by believing conceived Him (Jesus) whom believing
she brought forth."(45) In fact, when she received from the angel the
answer to her doubt (cf. Lk. 1:34-37), "full of faith, and conceiving
Christ in her mind before conceiving Him in her womb, she said, 'I am the
handmaid of the Lord, let what you have said be done to me' (Lk.
1:38)."(46) It was faith that was for her the cause of blessedness and
certainty in the fulfillment of he promise: "Blessed is she who believed
that the promise made her by the Lord would be fulfilled" (Lk. 1:45).
Similarly, it was faith with which she, who played a part in the Incarnation
and was a unique witness to it, thinking back on the events of the infancy of
Christ, meditated upon these events in her heart (cf. Lk. 2:19,51). The Church
also acts in this way, especially in the liturgy, when with faith she listens,
accepts, proclaims and venerates the word of God, distributes it to the
faithful as the bread of life(47) and in the light of that word examines the
signs of the times and interprets and lives the events of history.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">18. Mary is also the
Virgin in prayer. She appears as such in the visit to the mother of the
precursor, when she pours out her soul in expressions glorifying God, and
expressions of humility, faith and hope. This prayer is the Magnificat (cf. Lk.
1:46-55), Mary's prayer par excellence, the song of the messianic times in
which there mingles the joy of the ancient and the new Israel. As St. Irenaeus
seems to suggest, it is in Mary's canticle that there was heard once more the
rejoicing of Abraham who foresaw the Messiah (cf. Jn. 8:56)(48) and there rang
out in prophetic anticipation the voice of the Church: "In her exultation
Mary prophetically declared in the name of the Church: 'My soul proclaims the
glory of the Lord....'"(49) And in fact Mary's hymn has spread far and
wide and has become the prayer of the whole Church in all ages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At Cana, Mary appears
once more as the Virgin in prayer: when she tactfully told her Son of a
temporal need she also obtained an effect of grace, namely, that Jesus, in
working the first of His "signs," confirmed His disciples' faith in
Him (cf. Jn. 2:1-12).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Likewise, the last
description of Mary's life presents her as praying. The apostles "joined
in continuous prayer, together with several women, including Mary the mother of
Jesus, and with his brothers" (Acts 1:14). We have here the prayerful presence
of Mary in the early Church and in the Church throughout all ages, for, having
been assumed into heaven, she has not abandoned her mission of intercession and
salvation.(50) The title Virgin in prayer also fits the Church, which day by
day presents to the Father the needs of her children, "praises the Lord
unceasingly and intercedes for the salvation of the world."(51)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">19. Mary is also the
Virgin-Mother-she who "believing and obeying...brought forth on earth the
Father's Son. This she did, not knowing man but overshadowed by the Holy
Spirit."(52) This was a miraculous motherhood, set up by God as the type
and exemplar of the fruitfulness of the Virgin-Church, which "becomes
herself a mother.... For by her preaching and by baptism she brings forth to a
new and immortal life children who are conceived by the power of the Holy
Spirit and born of God."(53) The ancient Fathers rightly taught that the
Church prolongs in the sacrament of Baptism the virginal motherhood of Mary.
Among such references we like to recall that of our illustrious predecessor,
Saint Leo the Great, who in a Christmas homily says: "The origin which
(Christ took in the womb of the Virgin He has given to the baptismal font: He
has given to water what He had given to His Mother-the power of the Most High
and the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit (cf Lk. 1:35), which was responsible
for Mary's bringing forth the Savior, has the same effect, so that water may
regenerate the believer."(54) If we wished to go to liturgical sources, we
could quote the beautiful Illatio of the Mozarabic liturgy: "The
former [Mary] carried Life in her womb; the latter [the Church] bears Life in
the waters of baptism. In Mary's members Christ was formed; in the waters of
the Church Christ is put on."(55)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">20. Mary is, finally, the
Virgin presenting offerings. In the episode of the Presentation of Jesus in the
Temple (cf. Lk. 2:22-35), the Church, guided by the Spirit, has detected, over
and above the fulfillment of the laws regarding the offering of the firstborn
(cf. Ex. 13:11-16) and the purification of the mother (cf. Lv. 12:6-8), a
mystery of salvation related to the history of salvation. That is, she has
noted the continuity of the fundamental offering that the Incarnate Word made
to the Father when He entered the world (cf. Heb. 15:5-7). The Church has seen
the universal nature of salvation proclaimed, for Simeon, greeting in the Child
the light to enlighten the peoples and the glory of the people Israel (cf. Lk.
2:32), recognized in Him the Messiah, the Savior of all. The Church has
understood the prophetic reference to the Passion of Christ: the fact that
Simeon's words, which linked in one prophecy the Son as "the sign of
contradiction" (Lk. 2:34) and the Mother, whose soul would be pierced by a
sword (cf Lk. 2:35), came true on Calvary. A mystery of salvation, therefore,
that in its various aspects orients the episode of the Presentation in the
Temple to the salvific event of the cross. But the Church herself, in
particular from the Middle Ages onwards, has detected In the heart of the
Virgin taking her Son to Jerusalem to present Him to the Lord (cf. Lk. 2:22) a
desire to make an offering, a desire that exceeds the ordinary meaning of the
rite. A witness to this intuition is found in the loving prayer of Saint
Bernard "Offer your Son, holy Virgin, and present to the Lord the blessed
fruit of your womb. Offer for the reconciliation of us all the holy Victim
which is pleasing to God."(56)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This union of the Mother
and the Son in the work of redemption(57) reaches its climax on Calvary, where
Christ "offered himself as the perfect sacrifice to God" (Heb. 9:14)
and where Mary stood by the cross (cf. Jn 19:25), "suffering grievously
with her only-begotten Son. There she united herself with a maternal heart to
His sacrifice, and lovingly consented to the immolation of this victim which
she herself had brought forth"(58) and also was offering to the eternal
Father."(59) To perpetuate down the centuries the Sacrifice of the Cross,
the divine Savior instituted the Eucharistic sacrifice, the memorial of His
death and resurrection, and entrusted it to His spouse the Church,(60) which,
especially on Sundays, calls the faithful together to celebrate the Passover of
the Lord until He comes again.(61) This the Church does in union with the saints
in heaven and in particular with the Blessed Virgin,(62) whose burning charity
and unshakable faith she imitates.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">21. Mary is not only an
example for the whole Church in the exercise of divine worship but is also,
clearly, a teacher of the spiritual life for individual Christians. The
faithful at a very early date began to look to Mary and to imitate her in
making their lives an act of worship of God and making their worship a
commitment of their lives. As early as the fourth century, St. Ambrose, speaking
to the people, expressed the hope that each of them would have the spirit of
Mary in order to glory God May the heart of Mary be in each Christian to
proclaim the greatness of the Lord; may her spirit be in everyone to exult in
God."(63) But Mary is above all the example of that worship that consists
in making one's life an offering to God. This is an ancient and ever new
doctrine that each individual can hear again by heeding the Church's teaching,
but also by heeding the very voice of the Virgin as she, anticipating in
herself the wonderful petition of the Lord's Prayer-"Your will be
done" (Mt. 6:10)-replied to God's messenger: "I am the handmaid of
the Lord. Let what you have said be done to me" (Lk. 1:38). And Mary's
"yes" is for all Christians a lesson and example of obedience to the
will of the Father, which is the, way and means of one's own sanctification.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">22. It is also important
to note how the Church expresses in various effective attitudes of devotion the
many relationships that bind her to Mary: in profound veneration, when she
reflects on the singular dignity of the Virgin who, through the action of the
Holy Spirit has become Mother of the Incarnate Word; in burning love, when she
considers the spiritual motherhood of Mary towards all members of the Mystical
Body; in trusting invocation; when she experiences the intercession of her
advocate and helper;(64) in loving service, when she sees in the humble
handmaid of the Lord the queen of mercy and the mother of grace; in zealots
imitation, when she contemplates the holiness and virtues of her who is
"full of grace" (Lk. 1:28); in profound wonder, when she sees in her,
"as in a faultless model, that which she herself wholly desires and hopes
to be"(65); in attentive study, when she recognizes in the associate of
the Redeemer, who already shares fully in the fruits of the Paschal Mystery,
the prophetic fulfillment of her own future, until the day on which, when she
has been purified of every spot and wrinkle (cf. Eph. 5:27), she will become
like a bride arrayed for the bridegroom, Jesus Christ (cf. Rev. 21:2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">23. Therefore, venerable
Brothers, as we consider the piety that the liturgical Tradition of the
universal Church and the renewed Roman Rite expresses towards the holy Mother
of God, and as we remember that the liturgy through its pre-eminent value as
worship constitutes the golden norm for Christian piety, and finally as we
observe how the Church when she celebrates the sacred mysteries assumes an
attitude of faith and love similar to that of the Virgin, we realize the
rightness of the exhortation that the Second Vatican Council addresses to all
the children of the Church, namely "that the cult, especially the
liturgical cult, of the Blessed Virgin be generously fostered."(66) This
is an exhortation that we would like to see accepted everywhere without
reservation and put into zealous practice.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PART TWO<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Renewal of Devotion
to Mary</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">24. The Second Vatican
Council also exhorts us to promote other forms of piety side by side with
liturgical worship, especially those recommended by the magisterium.(67)
However, as is well known, the piety of the faithful and their veneration of
the Mother of God has taken on many forms according to circumstances of time
and place, the different sensibilities of peoples and their different cultural
traditions. Hence it is that the forms in which this devotion is expressed,
being subject to the ravages of time, show the need for a renewal that will
permit them to substitute elements that are transient, to emphasize the
elements that are ever new and to incorporate the doctrinal data obtained from
theological reflection and the proposals of the Church's magisterium. This
shows the need for episcopal conferences, local churches, religious families
and Community of the faithful to promote a genuine creative activity and at the
same time to proceed to a careful revision of expressions and exercises of
piety directed towards the Blessed Virgin. We would like this revision to be
respectful of wholesome tradition and open to the legitimate requests of the
people of our time. It seems fitting therefore, venerable Brothers, to put
forward some principles for action in this field.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Section One<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Trinitarian,
Christological and Ecclesial Aspects of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">25. In the first place it
is supremely fitting that exercises of piety directed towards the Virgin Mary
should clearly express the Trinitarian and Christological note that is
intrinsic and essential to them. Christian worship in fact is of itself worship
offered to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, or, as the liturgy
puts it, to the Father through Christ in the Spirit. From this point of view
worship is rightly extended, though in a substantially different way, first and
foremost and in a special manner, to the Mother of the Lord and then to the
saints, in whom the Church proclaims the Paschal Mystery, for they have
suffered with Christ and have been glorified with Him.(68) In the Virgin Mary
everything is relative to Christ and dependent upon Him. It was with a view to
Christ that God the Father from all eternity chose her to be the all-holy
Mother and adorned her with gifts of the Spirit granted to no one else.
Certainly genuine Christian piety has never failed to highlight the indissoluble
link and essential relationship of the Virgin to the divine Savior.(69) Yet it
seems to us particularly in conformity with the spiritual orientation of our
time. which is dominated and absorbed by the "question of
Christ,"(70) that in the expressions of devotion to the Virgin the
Christological aspect should have particular prominence. It likewise seems to
us fitting that these expressions of devotion should reflect God's plan, which
laid down "with one single decree the origin of Mary and the Incarnation of
the divine Wisdom."(71) This will without doubt contribute to making piety
towards the Mother of Jesus more solid, and to making it an effective
instrument for attaining to full "knowledge of the Son of God, until we
become the perfect man, fully mature with the fullness of Christ himself"
(Eph. 4:13). It will also contribute to increasing the worship due to Christ
Himself, since, according to the perennial mind of the Church authoritatively
repeated in our own day,(72) "what is given to the handmaid is referred to
the Lord; thus what is given to the Mother redounds to the Son; ...and thus
what is given as humble tribute to the Queen becomes honor rendered to the
King."(73)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">26. It seems to us useful
to add to this mention of the Christological orientation of devotion to the
Blessed Virgin a reminder of the fittingness of giving prominence in this
devotion to one of the essential facts of the Faith: the Person and work of the
Holy Spirit. Theological reflection and the liturgy have in fact noted how the
sanctifying intervention of the Spirit in the Virgin of Nazareth was a
culminating moment of the Spirit's action in the history of salvation. Thus,
for example, some Fathers and writers of the Church attributed to the work of
the Spirit the original holiness of Mary, who was as it were "fashioned by
the Holy Spirit into a kind of new substance and new creature."(74)
Reflecting on the Gospel texts-"The Holy Spirit will come upon you and the
power of the Most High will cover you with his shadow" (Lk. 1:35) and
"[Mary] was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit.... She has
conceived what is in her by the Holy Spirit" (Mt. 1:18, 20)-they saw in
the Spirit's intervention an action that consecrated and made fruitful Mary's
virginity(75) and transformed her into the "Abode of the King" or
"Bridal Chamber of the Word,"(76) the "Temple" or
"Tabernacle of the Lord,"(77) the "Ark of the Covenant" or
"the Ark of Holiness,"(78) titles rich in biblical echoes. Examining
more deeply still the mystery of the Incarnation, they saw in the mysterious
relationship between the Spirit and Mary an aspect redolent of marriage,
poetically portrayed by Prudentius: "The unwed Virgin espoused the
Spirit,"(79) and they called her the "Temple of the Holy
Spirit,"(80) an expression that emphasizes the sacred character of the
Virgin, now the permanent dwelling of the Spirit of God. Delving deeply into
the doctrine of the Paraclete, they saw that from Him as from a spring there
flowed forth the fullness of grace (cf. Lk. 1:28) and the abundance of gifts
that adorned her. Thus they attributed to the Spirit the faith, hope and
charity that animated the Virgin's heart, the strength that sustained her
acceptance of the will of God, and the vigor that upheld her in her suffering
at the foot of the cross.(81) In Mary's prophetic canticle (cf. Lk. 1:46-55)
they saw a special working of the Spirit who had spoken through the mouths of
the prophets.(82) Considering, finally, the presence of the Mother of Jesus in
the Upper Room, where the Spirit came down upon the infant Church (cf Acts
1:12-14; 2:1-4), they enriched with new developments the ancient theme of Mary
and the Church.(83) Above all they had recourse to the Virgin's intercession in
order to obtain from the Spirit the capacity for engendering Christ in their
own soul, as is attested to by Saint Ildephonsus in a prayer of supplication,
amazing in its doctrine and prayerful power: "I beg you, holy Virgin, that
I may have Jesus from the Holy Spirit, by whom you brought Jesus forth. May my soul
receive Jesus through the Holy Spirit by whom your flesh conceived Jesus....
May I love Jesus in the Holy Spirit in whom you adore Jesus as Lord and gaze
upon Him as your Son."(84)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">27. It is sometimes said
that many spiritual writings today do not sufficiently reflect the whole
doctrine concerning the Holy Spirit. It is the task of specialists to verify
and weigh the truth of this assertion, but it is our task to exhort everyone,
especially those in the pastoral ministry and also theologians, to meditate more
deeply on the working of the Holy Spirit in the history of salvation, and to
ensure that Christian spiritual writings give due prominence to His life-giving
action. Such a study will bring out in particular the hidden relationship
between the Spirit of God and the Virgin of Nazareth, and show the influence
they exert on the Church. From a more profound meditation on the truths of the
Faith will flow a more vital piety.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">28. It is also necessary
that exercises of piety with which the faithful honor the Mother of the Lord
should clearly show the place she occupies in the Church: "the highest
place and the closest to us after Christ."(85) The liturgical buildings of
Byzantine rite, both in the architectural structure itself and in the use of
images, show clearly Mary's place in the Church. On the central door of the
iconostasis there is a representation of the Annunciation and in the apse an
image of the glorious Theotokos. In this way one perceives how through the
assent of the humble handmaid of the Lord mankind begins its return to God and
sees in the glory of the all-holy Virgin the goal towards which it is
journeying. The symbolism by which a church building demonstrates Mary's place
in the mystery of the Church is full of significance and gives grounds for hoping
that the different forms of devotion to the Blessed Virgin may everywhere be
open to ecclesial perspectives.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The faithful will be able
to appreciate more easily Mary's mission in the mystery of the Church and her
preeminent place in the communion of saints if attention is drawn to the Second
Vatican Council's references to the fundamental concepts of the nature of the
Church as the Family of God, the People of God, the Kingdom of God and the
Mystical Body of Christ.(86) This will also bring the faithful to a deeper
realization of the brotherhood which unites all of them as sons and daughters
of the Virgin Mary, "who with a mother's love has cooperated in their
rebirth and spiritual formation,"(87) and as sons and daughters of the
Church, since "we are born from the Church's womb we are nurtured by the
Church's milk, we are given life by the Church's Spirit."(88) They will
also realize that both the Church and Mary collaborate to give birth to the
Mystical Body of Christ since "both of them are the Mother of Christ, but
neither brings forth the whole (body) independently of the other."(89)
Similarly the faithful will appreciate more clearly that the action of the
Church in the world can be likened to an extension of Mary's concern. The
active love she showed at Nazareth, in the house of Elizabeth, at Cana and on
Golgotha - all salvific episodes having vast ecclesial importance - finds its
extension in the Church's maternal concern that all men should come to
knowledge of the truth (cf. 1 Tm. 2:4), in the Church's concern for people in
lowly circumstances and for the poor and weak, and in her constant commitment
to peace and social harmony, as well as in her untiring efforts to ensure that
all men will share in the salvation which was merited for them by Christ's
death. Thus love for the Church will become love for Mary, and vice versa,
since the one cannot exist without the other, as St. Chromatius of Aquileia
observed with keen discernment: "The Church was united... in the Upper
Room with Mary the Mother of Jesus and with His brethren. The Church therefore
cannot be referred to as such unless it includes Mary the Mother of our Lord,
together with His brethren."(90) In conclusion, therefore, we repeat that
devotion to the Blessed Virgin must explicitly show its intrinsic and
ecclesiological content: thus it will be enabled to revise its forms and texts
in a fitting way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Section Two<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Four Guidelines for
Devotion to the Blessed Virgin:<br />
Biblical, Liturgical, Ecumenical and Anthropological</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">29. The above considerations
spring from an examination of the Virgin Mary's relationship with God-the
Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit-and with the Church. Following the path
traced by conciliar teaching,(91) we wish to add some further guidelines from
Scripture, liturgy, ecumenism and anthropology. These are to be borne in mind
in any revision of exercises of piety or in the creation of new ones, in order
to emphasize and accentuate the bond which unites us to her who is the Mother
of Christ and our Mother in the communion of saints.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">30. Today it is
recognized as a general need of Christian piety that every form of worship
should have a biblical imprint. The progress made in biblical studies, the
increasing dissemination of the Sacred Scriptures, and above all the example of
Tradition and the interior action of the Holy Spirit are tending to cause the
modern Christian to use the Bible ever increasingly as the basic prayerbook,
and to draw from it genuine inspiration and unsurpassable examples. Devotion to
the Blessed Virgin cannot be exempt from this general orientation of Christian
piety(92); indeed it should draw inspiration in a special way from this
orientation in order to gain new vigor and sure help. In its wonderful
presentation of God's plan for man's salvation, the Bible is replete with the
mystery of the Savior, and from Genesis to the Book of Revelation, also
contains clear references to her who was the Mother and associate of the
Savior. We would not, however, wish this biblical imprint to be merely a
diligent use of texts and symbols skillfully selected from the Sacred
Scriptures. More than this is necessary. What is needed is that texts of
prayers and chants should draw their inspiration and their wording from the
Bible, and above all that devotion to the Virgin should be imbued with the
great themes of the Christian message. This will ensure that, as they venerate
the Seat of Wisdom, the faithful in their turn will be enlightened by the
divine word, and be inspired to live their lives in accordance with the precepts
of Incarnate Wisdom.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">31. We have already
spoken of the veneration which the Church gives to the Mother of God in the
celebration of the sacred liturgy. However, speaking of the other forms of
devotion and of the criteria on which they should be based we wish to recall
the norm laid down in the Constitution <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html">Sacrosanctum
concilium</a>. This document, while wholeheartedly approving of the practices
of piety of the Christian people, goes on to say:"...it is necessary
however that such devotions with consideration for the liturgical seasons
should be so arranged as to be in harmony with the sacred liturgy. They should
somehow derive their inspiration from it, and because of its pre-eminence they
should orient the Christian people towards it."(93) Although this is a
wise and clear rule, its application is not an easy matter, especially in
regard to Marian devotions, which are so varied in their formal expressions.
What is needed on the part of the leaders of the local communities is effort,
pastoral sensitivity and perseverance, while the faithful on their part must
show a willingness to accept guidelines and ideas drawn from the true nature of
Christian worship; this sometimes makes it necessary to change long-standing
customs wherein the real nature of this Christian worship has become somewhat
obscured.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In this context we wish
to mention two attitudes which in pastoral practice could nullify the norm of
the Second Vatican Council. In the first place there are certain persons
concerned with the care of souls who scorn a priori, devotions of piety which,
in their correct forms have been recommended by the magisterium, who leave them
aside and in this way create a vacuum which they do not fill. They forget that
the Council has said that devotions of piety should harmonize with the liturgy,
not be suppressed. Secondly there are those who, without wholesome liturgical
and pastoral criteria, mix practices of piety and liturgical acts in hybrid
celebrations. It sometimes happens that novenas or similar practices of piety
are inserted into the very celebration of the Eucharistic Sacrifice. This
creates the danger that the Lord's Memorial Rite, instead of being the
culmination of the meeting of the Christian community, becomes the occasion, as
it were, for devotional practices. For those who act in this way we wish to
recall the rule laid down by the Council prescribing that exercises of piety
should be harmonized with the liturgy not merged into it. Wise pastoral action
should, on the one hand, point out and emphasize the proper nature of the
liturgical acts, while on the other hand it should enhance the value of
practices of piety in order to adapt them to the needs of individual
communities in the Church and to make them valuable aids to the liturgy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">32. Because of its
ecclesial character, devotion to the Blessed Virgin reflects the preoccupations
of the Church herself. Among these especially in our day is her anxiety for the
re-establishment of Christian unity. In this way devotion to the Mother of the
Lord is in accord with the deep desires and aims of the ecumenical movement,
that is, it acquires an ecumenical aspect. This is so for a number of reasons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the first place, in
venerating with particular love the glorious Theotokos and in acclaiming her as
the 'Hope of Christians,"(94) Catholics unite themselves with their
brethren of the Orthodox Churches, in which devotion to the Blessed Virgin
finds its expression in a beautiful lyricism and in solid doctrine. Catholics
are also united with Anglicans, whose classical theologians have already drawn
attention to the sound scriptural basis for devotion to the Mother of our Lord,
while those of the present day increasingly underline the importance of Mary's
place in the Christian life. Praising God with the very words of the Virgin
(cf. Lk. 1:46-55), they are united, too, with their brethren in the Churches of
the Reform, where love for the Sacred Scriptures flourishes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For Catholics, devotion
to the Mother of Christ and Mother of Christians is also a natural and frequent
opportunity for seeking her intercession with her Son in order to obtain the
union of all the baptized within a single People of God.(95) Yet again, the
ecumenical aspect of Marian devotion is shown in the Catholic Church's desire
that, without in any way detracting from the unique character of this
devotion,(96) every care should be taken to avoid any exaggeration which could
mislead other Christian brethren about the true doctrine of the Catholic
Church.(97) Similarly, the Church desires that any manifestation of cult which
is opposed to correct Catholic practice should be eliminated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Finally, since it is
natural that in true devotion to the Blessed Virgin "the Son should be
duly known, loved and glorified...when the Mother is honored,"(98) such
devotion is an approach to Christ, the source and center of ecclesiastical
communion, in which all who openly confess that He is God and Lord, Savior and
sole Mediator (cf. 1 Tm. 2:5) are called to be one, with one another, with
Christ and with the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit.(99)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">33. We realize that there
exist important differences between the thought of many of our brethren in
other Churches and ecclesial communities and the Catholic doctrine on
"Mary's role in the work of salvation."(100) In consequence there are
likewise differences of opinion on the devotion which should be shown to her.
Nevertheless, since it is the same power of the Most High which overshadowed
the Virgin of Nazareth (cf Lk. 1:35) and which today is at work within the
ecumenical movement and making it fruitful, we wish to express our confidence
that devotion to the humble handmaid of the Lord, in Whom the Almighty has done
great things (cf. Lk. 1:49), will become, even if only slowly, not an obstacle
but a path and a rallying point for the union of all who believe in Christ. We
are glad to see that, in fact, a better understanding of Mary's place in the
mystery of Christ and of the Church on the part also of our separated brethren
is smoothing the path to union. Just as at Cana the Blessed Virgin's
intervention resulted in Christ's performing His first miracle (cf. Jn.
2:1-12), so today her intercession can help to bring to realization the time
when the disciples of Christ will again find full communion in faith. This hope
of ours is strengthened by a remark of our predecessor Leo XIII, who wrote that
the cause of Christian unity "properly pertains to the role of Mary's
spiritual motherhood. For Mary did not and cannot engender those who belong to
Christ, except in one faith and one love: for 'Is Christ divided?' (1 Cor.
1:13) We must all live together the life of Christ, so that in one and the same
body 'we may bear fruit for God' (Rom. 7:4)."(101)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">34. Devotion to the
Blessed Virgin must also pay close attention to certain findings of the human
sciences. This will help to eliminate one of the causes of the difficulties
experienced in devotion to the Mother of the Lord, namely, the discrepancy
existing between some aspects of this devotion and modern anthropological
discoveries and the profound changes which have occurred in the
psycho-sociological field in which modern man lives and works. The picture of
the Blessed Virgin presented in a certain type of devotional literature cannot
easily be reconciled with today's life-style, especially the way women live
today. In the home, woman's equality and corresponsibility with man in the
running of the family are being justly recognized by laws and the evolution of
customs. In the sphere of politics women have in many countries gained a
position in public life equal to that of men. In the social field women are at
work in a whole range of different employments, getting further away every day
from the restricted surroundings of the home. In the cultural field new
possibilities are opening up for women in scientific research and intellectual
activities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In consequence of these
phenomena some people are becoming disenchanted with devotion to the Blessed
Virgin and finding it difficult to take as an example Mary of Nazareth because
the horizons of her life, so they say, seem rather restricted in comparison
with the vast spheres of activity open to mankind today. In this regard we
exhort theologians, those responsible for the local Christian communities and
the faithful themselves to examine these difficulties with due care. At the
same time we wish to take the opportunity of offering our own contribution to
their solution by making a few observations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">35. First, the Virgin
Mary has always been proposed to the faithful by the Church as an example to be
imitated, not precisely in the type of life she led, and much less for the
socio-cultural background in which she lived and which today scarcely exists anywhere.
She is held up as an example to the faithful rather for the way in which, in
her own particular life, she fully and responsibly accepted the will of God
(cf. Lk. 1:38), because she heard the word of God and acted on it, and because
charity and a spirit of service were the driving force of her actions. She is
worthy of imitation because she was the first and the most perfect of Christ's
disciples. All of this has a permanent and universal exemplary value.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">36. Secondly, we would
like to point out that the difficulties alluded to above are closely related to
certain aspects of the image of Mary found in popular writings. They are not
connected with the Gospel image of Mary nor with the doctrinal data which have
been made explicit through a slow and conscientious process of drawing from
Revelation. It should be considered quite normal for succeeding generations of
Christians in differing sociocultural contexts to have expressed their
sentiments about the Mother of Jesus in a way and manner which reflected their
own age. In contemplating Mary and her mission these different generations of
Christians, looking on her as the New Woman and perfect Christian, found in her
as a virgin, wife and mother the outstanding type of womanhood and the
preeminent exemplar of life lived in accordance with the Gospels and summing up
the most characteristic situations in the life of a woman. When the Church
considers the long history of Marian devotion she rejoices at the continuity of
the element of cult which it shows, but she does not bind herself to any
particular expression of an individual cultural epoch or to the particular
anthropological ideas underlying such expressions. The Church understands that
certain outward religious expressions, while perfectly valid in themselves, may
be less suitable to men and women of different ages and cultures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">37. Finally, we wish to
point out that our own time, no less than former times, is called upon to
verify its knowledge of reality with the word of God, and, keeping to the
matter at present under consideration, to compare its anthropological ideas and
the problems springing therefrom with the figure of the Virgin Mary as
presented by the Gospel. The reading of the divine Scriptures, carried out
under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and with the discoveries of the human
sciences and the different situations in the world today being taken into
account, will help us to see how Mary can be considered a mirror of the
expectations of the men and women of our time. Thus, the modern woman, anxious
to participate with decision-making power in the affairs of the community, will
contemplate with intimate joy Mary who, taken into dialogue with God, gives her
active and responsible consent,(102) not to the solution of a contingent
problem, but to that "event of world importance," as the Incarnation
of the Word has been rightly called.(103) The modern woman will appreciate that
Mary's choice of the state of virginity, which in God's plan prepared her for
the mystery of the Incarnation, was not a rejection of any of the values of the
married state but a courageous choice which she made in order to consecrate
herself totally to the love of God. The modern woman will note with pleasant
surprise that Mary of Nazareth, while completely devoted to the will of God,
was far from being a timidly submissive woman or one whose piety was repellent
to others; on the contrary, she was a woman who did not hesitate to proclaim
that God vindicates the humble and the oppressed, and removes the powerful
people of this world from their privileged positions (cf Lk. 1:51-53). The
modern woman will recognize in Mary, who "stands out among the poor and
humble of the Lord,"(104) a woman of strength, who experienced poverty and
suffering, flight and exile (cf. Mt. 2:13-23). These are situations that cannot
escape the attention of those who wish to support, with the Gospel spirit, the
liberating energies of man and of society. And Mary will appear not as a Mother
exclusively concerned with her own divine Son, but rather as a woman whose
action helped to strengthen the apostolic community's faith in Christ (cf. Jn.
2:1-12), and whose maternal role was extended and became universal on
Calvary.(105) These are but examples, but examples which show clearly that the
figure of the Blessed Virgin does not disillusion any of the profound
expectations of the men and women of our time but offers them the perfect model
of the disciple of the Lord: the disciple who builds up the earthly and
temporal city while being a diligent pilgrim towards the heavenly and eternal
city; the disciple who works for that justice which sets free the oppressed and
for that charity which assists the needy; but above all, the disciple who is
the active witness of that love which builds up Christ in people's hearts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">38. Having offered these
directives, which are intended to favor the harmonious development of devotion
to the Mother of the Lord, we consider it opportune to draw attention to
certain attitudes of piety which are incorrect. The Second Vatican Council has already
authoritatively denounced both the exaggeration of content and form which even
falsifies doctrine and likewise the small-mindedness which obscures the figure
and mission of Mary. The Council has also denounced certain devotional
deviations, such as vain credulity, which substitutes reliance on merely
external practices for serious commitment. Another deviation is sterile and
ephemeral sentimentality, so alien to the spirit of the Gospel that demands
persevering and practical action.(106) We reaffirm the Council's reprobation of
such attitudes and practices. They are not in harmony with the Catholic Faith
and therefore they must have no place in Catholic worship. Careful defense
against these errors and deviations will render devotion to the Blessed Virgin
more vigorous and more authentic. It will make this devotion solidly based,
with the consequence that study of the sources of Revelation and attention to
the documents of the magisterium will prevail over the exaggerated search for
novelties or extraordinary phenomena. It will ensure that this devotion is
objective in its historical seeing, and for this reason everything that is
obviously legendary or false must be eliminated. It will ensure that this
devotion matches its doctrinal content-hence the necessity of avoiding a
one-sided presentation of the figure of Mary, which by overstressing one
element compromises the overall picture given by the Gospel. It will make this
devotion clear in its motivation; hence every unworthy self-interest is to be carefully
banned from the area of what is sacred.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">39. Finally, insofar as
it may be necessary we would like to repeat that the ultimate purpose of
devotion to the Blessed Virgin is to glorify God and to lead Christians to
commit themselves to a life which is in absolute conformity with His will. When
the children of the Church unite their voices with the voice of the unknown
woman in the Gospel and glorify the Mother of Jesus by saying to Him:
"Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts that you sucked"
(Lk. 11:27), they will be led to ponder the Divine Master's serious reply:
"Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!" (Lk.
11:28) While it is true that this reply is in itself lively praise of Mary, as
various Fathers of the Church interpreted it(107) and the Second Vatican
Council has confirmed,(108) it is also an admonition to us to live our lives in
accordance with God's commandments. It is also an echo of other words of the
Savior: "Not every one who says to me 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom
of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven" (Mt.
7:21); and again: "You are my friends if you do what I command you"
(Jn. 15:14).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PART THREE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Observations on Two
Exercises of Piety:<br />
The Angelus and the Rosary</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">40. We have indicated a
number of principles which can help to give fresh vigor to devotion to the
Mother of the Lord. It is now up to episcopal conferences, to those in charge
of local communities and to the various religious congregations prudently to
revise practices and exercises of piety in honor of the Blessed Virgin, and to
encourage the creative impulse of those who through genuine religious
inspiration or pastoral sensitivity wish to establish new forms of piety. For
different reasons we nevertheless feel it is opportune to consider here two
practices which are widespread in the West, and with which this Apostolic See
has concerned itself on various occasions: the Angelus and the Rosary.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Angelus</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">41. What we have to say
about the Angelus is meant to be only a simple but earnest exhortation to
continue its traditional recitation wherever and whenever possible. The Angelus
does not need to be revised, because of its simple structure, its biblical
character, its historical origin which links it to the prayer for peace and
safety, and its quasi-liturgical rhythm which sanctifies different moments
during the day, and because it reminds us of the Paschal Mystery, in which
recalling the Incarnation of the Son of God we pray that we may be led
"through his passion and cross to the glory of his
resurrection."(109) These factors ensure that the Angelus despite the
passing of centuries retains an unaltered value and an intact freshness. It is
true that certain customs traditionally linked with the recitation of the
Angelus have disappeared or can continue only with difficulty in modern life.
But these are marginal elements. The value of contemplation on the mystery of
the Incarnation of the Word, of the greeting to the Virgin, and of recourse to
her merciful intercession remains unchanged. And despite the changed conditions
of the times, for the majority of people there remain unaltered the
characteristic periods of the day-morning, noon and evening-which mark the
periods of their activity and constitute an invitation to pause in prayer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Rosary</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">42. We wish now,
venerable Brothers, to dwell for a moment on the renewal of the pious practice
which has been called "the compendium of the entire Gospel"(110): the
Rosary. To this our predecessors have devoted close attention and care. On many
occasions they have recommended its frequent recitation, encouraged its
diffusion, explained its nature, recognized its suitability for fostering
contemplative prayer-prayer of both praise and petition-and recalled its
intrinsic effectiveness for promoting Christian life and apostolic commitment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We, too, from the first
general audience of our pontificate on July 13, 1963, have shown our great
esteem for the pious practice of the Rosary.(111) Since that time we have
underlined its value on many different occasions, some ordinary, some grave.
Thus, at a moment of anguish and uncertainty, we published the Letter Christi
Matri (September 15, 1966), in order to obtain prayers to Our Lady of the
Rosary and to implore from God the supreme benefit of peace.(112) "We
renewed this appeal in our Apostolic Exhortation Recurrens mensis October (October
7 1969), in which we also commemorated the fourth centenary of the Apostolic
Letter Consueverunt Romani pontifices of our predecessor Saint Pius
V, who in that document explained and in a certain sense established the
traditional form of the Rosary.(113)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">43. Our assiduous and
affectionate interest in the Rosary has led us to follow very attentively the
numerous meetings which in recent years have been devoted to the pastoral role
of the Rosary in the modern world, meetings arranged by associations and
individuals profoundly attached to the Rosary and attended by bishops, priests,
religious and lay people of proven experience and recognized ecclesial awareness.
Among these people special mention should be made of the sons of Saint Dominic,
by tradition the guardians and promoters of this very salutary practice.
Parallel with such meetings has been the research work of historians, work
aimed not at defining in a sort of archaeological fashion the primitive form of
the Rosary but at uncovering the original inspiration and driving force behind
it and its essential structure. The fundamental characteristics of the Rosary,
its essential elements and their mutual relationship have all emerged more
clearly from these congresses and from the research carried out.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">44. Thus, for instance,
the Gospel inspiration of the Rosary has appeared more clearly: the Rosary
draws from the Gospel the presentation of the mysteries and its main formulas.
As it moves from the angel's joyful greeting and the Virgin's pious assent, the
Rosary takes its inspiration from the Gospel to suggest the attitude with which
the faithful should recite it. In the harmonious succession of Hail Mary's the
Rosary puts before us once more a fundamental mystery of the Gospel-the
Incarnation of the Word, contemplated at the decisive moment of the
Annunciation to Mary. The Rosary is thus a Gospel prayer, as pastors and
scholars like to define it, more today perhaps than in the past.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">45. It has also been more
easily seen how the orderly and gradual unfolding of the Rosary reflects the
very way in which the Word of God, mercifully entering into human affairs,
brought about the Redemption. The Rosary considers in harmonious succession the
principal salvific events accomplished in Christ, from His virginal conception
and the mysteries of His childhood to the culminating moments of the
Passover-the blessed passion and the glorious resurrection-and to the effects
of this on the infant Church on the day of Pentecost, and on the Virgin Mary
when at the end of her earthly life she was assumed body and soul into her
heavenly home. It has also been observed that the division of the mysteries of
the Rosary into three parts not only adheres strictly to the chronological
order of the facts but above all reflects the plan of the original proclamation
of the Faith and sets forth once more the mystery of Christ in the very way in
which it is seen by Saint Paul in the celebrated "hymn" of the Letter
to the Philippians-kenosis, death and exaltation (cf 2:6-11).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">46. As a Gospel prayer,
centered on the mystery of the redemptive Incarnation, the Rosary is therefore
a prayer with a clearly Christological orientation. Its most characteristic
element, in fact, the litany-like succession of Hail Mary's, becomes in itself
an unceasing praise of Christ, who is the ultimate object both of the angel's
announcement and of the greeting of the mother of John the Baptist:
"Blessed is the fruit of your womb" (Lk. 1:42). We would go further
and say that the succession of Hail Mary's constitutes the warp on which is
woven the contemplation of the mysteries. The Jesus that each Hail Mary recalls
is the same Jesus whom the succession of the mysteries proposes to us-now as
the Son of God, now as the Son of the Virgin-at His birth in a stable at
Bethlehem, at His presentation by His Mother in the Temple, as a youth full of
zeal for His Father's affairs, as the Redeemer in agony in the garden, scourged
and crowned with thorns, carrying the cross and dying on Calvary, risen from
the dead and ascended to the glory of the Father to send forth the gift of the
Spirit. As is well known, at one time there was a custom, still preserved in
certain places, of adding to the name of Jesus in each Hail Mary reference to
the mystery being contemplated. And this was done precisely in order to help
contemplation and to make the mind and the voice act in unison.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">47. There has also been
felt with greater urgency the need to point out once more the importance of a
further essential element in the Rosary, in addition to the value of the
elements of praise and petition, namely the element of contemplation. Without
this the Rosary is a body without a soul, and its recitation is in danger of
becoming a mechanical repetition of formulas and of going counter to the
warning of Christ: "And in praying do not heap up empty phrases as the
Gentiles do; for they think that they will be heard for their many words"
(Mt. 6:7). By its nature the recitation of the Rosary calls for a quiet rhythm
and a lingering pace, helping the individual to meditate on the mysteries of
the Lord's life as seen through the eyes of her who was closest to the Lord. In
this way the unfathomable riches of these mysteries are unfolded.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">48. Finally, as a result
of modern reflection the relationships between the liturgy and the Rosary have
been more clearly understood. On the one hand it has been emphasized that the
Rosary is, as it were, a branch sprung from the ancient trunk of the Christian
liturgy, the Psalter of the Blessed Virgin, whereby the humble were associated
in the Church's hymn of praise and universal intercession. On the other hand it
has been noted that this development occurred at a time-the last period of the
Middle Ages-when the liturgical spirit was in decline and the faithful were
turning from the liturgy towards a devotion to Christ's humanity and to the
Blessed Virgin Mary, a devotion favoring a certain external sentiment of piety.
Not many years ago some people began to express the desire to see the Rosary
included among the rites of the liturgy, while other people, anxious to avoid
repetition of former pastoral mistakes, unjustifiably disregarded the Rosary.
Today the problem can easily be solved in the light of the principles of the
Constitution <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html">Sacrosanctum
concilium</a>. Liturgical celebrations and the pious practice of the Rosary
must be neither set in opposition to one another nor considered as being
identical.(114) The more an expression of prayer preserves its own true nature
and individual characteristics the more fruitful it becomes. Once the pre-eminent
value of liturgical rites has been reaffirmed it will not be difficult to
appreciate the fact that the Rosary is a practice of piety which easily
harmonizes with the liturgy. In fact, like the liturgy, it is of a community
nature, draws its inspiration from Sacred Scripture and is oriented towards the
mystery of Christ. The commemoration in the liturgy and the contemplative
remembrance proper to the Rosary, although existing on essentially different
planes of reality, have as their object the same salvific events wrought by
Christ. The former presents new, under the veil of signs and operative in a
hidden way, the great mysteries of our Redemption. The latter, by means of
devout contemplation, recalls these same mysteries to the mind of the person
praying and stimulates the will to draw from them the norms of living. Once
this substantial difference has been established, it is not difficult to
understand that the Rosary is an exercise of piety that draws its motivating
force from the liturgy and leads naturally back to it, if practiced in
conformity with its original inspiration.; It does not, however, become part of
the liturgy. In fact, meditation on the mysteries of the Rosary, by familiaring
the hearts and minds of the faithful with the mysteries of Christ, can be an
excellent preparation for the creation of those same mysteries in the
liturgical action and an also become a continuing echo thereof. However, it is
a mistake to recite the Rosary during the celebration of the liturgy, though
unfortunately this practice still persists here and there.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">49. The Rosary of the
Blessed Virgin Mary, according to the tradition accepted by our predecessor St.
Pius V and authoritatively taught by him, consists of various elements disposed
in an organic fashion:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) Contemplation in
communion with Mary, of a series of mysteries of salvation, wisely distributed
into three cycles. These mysteries express the joy of the messianic times, the
salvific suffering of Christ and the glory of the Risen Lord which fills the
Church. This contemplation by its very nature encourages practical reflection
and provides stimulating norms for living.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) The Lord's Prayer, or
Our Father, which by reason of its immense value is at the basis of Christian
prayer and ennobles that prayer in its various expressions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) The litany-like
succession of the Hail Mary, which is made up of the angel's greeting to the
Virgin (cf. Lk. 1;28), and of Elizabeth's greeting (cf. Lk. 1:42), followed by
the ecclesial supplication, Holy Mary. The continued series of Hail Mary's is
the special characteristic of the Rosary, and their number, in the full and
typical number of one hundred and fifty, presents a certain analogy with the
Psalter and is an element that goes back to the very origin of the exercise of
piety. But this number, divided, according to a well-tried custom, into decades
attached to the individual mysteries, is distributed in the three cycles
already mentioned, thus giving rise to the Rosary of fifty Hail Mary's as we
know it. This latter has entered into use as the normal measure of the pious
exercise and as such has been adopted by popular piety and approved by papal
authority, which also enriched it with numerous indulgences.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) The doxology Glory be
to the Father which, in conformity with an orientation common to Christian
piety concludes the prayer with the glorifying of God who is one and three,
from whom, through whom and in whom all things have their being (cf. Rom.
11:36).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">50. These are the
elements of the Rosary. Each has its own particular character which, wisely
understood and appreciated, should be reflected in the recitation in order that
the Rosary may express all its richness and variety. Thus the recitation will
be grave and suppliant during the Lord's Prayer, lyrical and full of praise
during the tranquil succession of Hail Mary's, contemplative in the recollected
meditation on the mysteries and full of adoration during the doxology. This
applies to all the ways in which the Rosary is usually recited: privately, in
intimate recollection with the Lord; in community, in the family or in groups
of the faithful gathered together to ensure the special presence of the Lord
(cf. Mt. 18:20); or publicly, in assemblies to which the ecclesial community is
invited.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">51. In recent times
certain exercises of piety have been created which take their inspiration from
the Rosary. Among such exercises we wish to draw attention to and recommend
those which insert into the ordinary celebration of the word of God some
elements of the Rosary, such as meditation on the mysteries and litany-like
repetition of the angel's greeting to Mary. In this way these elements gain in importance,
since they are found in the context of Bible readings, illustrated with a
homily, accompanied by silent pauses and emphasized with song. We are happy to
know that such practices have helped to promote a more complete understanding
of the spiritual riches of the Rosary itself and have served to restore esteem
for its recitation among youth associations and movements.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">52. We now desire, as a
continuation of the thought of our predecessors, to recommend strongly the
recitation of the family Rosary. The Second Vatican Council has pointed out how
the family, the primary and vital cell of society, "shows itself to be the
domestic sanctuary of the Church through the mutual affection of its members
and the common prayer they offer to God."(115) The Christian family is
thus seen to be a domestic Church"(116) if its members, each according to
his proper place and tasks, all together promote justice, practice works of
mercy, devote themselves to helping their brethren, take part in the apostolate
of the wider local community and play their part in its liturgical
worship.(117) This will be all the more true if together they offer up prayers
to God. If this element of common prayer were missing, the family would lack
its very character as a domestic Church. Thus there must logically follow a
concrete effort to reinstate communal prayer in family life if there is to be a
restoration of the theological concept of the family as the domestic Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">53. In accordance with
the directives of the Council the Institutio Generulis de Liturgia Horarum rightly
numbers the family among the groups in which the Divine Office can suitably be
celebrated in community: "It is fitting...that the family, as a domestic
sanctuary of the Church, should not only offer prayers to God in common, but
also, according to circumstances, should recite parts of the Liturgy of the
Hours, in order to be more intimately linked with the Church."(118) No
avenue should be left unexplored to ensure that this clear and practical
recommendation finds within Christian families growing and joyful acceptance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">54. But there is no doubt
that, after the celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours, the high point which
family prayer can reach, the Rosary should be considered as one of the best and
most efficacious prayers in common that the Christian family is invited to
recite. We like to think, and sincerely hope, that when the family gathering
becomes a time of prayer, the Rosary is a frequent and favored manner of
praying. We are well aware that the changed conditions of life today do not
make family gatherings easy, and that even when such a gathering is possible
many circumstances make it difficult to turn it into an occasion of prayer.
There is no doubt of the difficulty. But it is characteristic of the Christian
in his manner of life not to give in to circumstances but to overcome them, not
to succumb but to make an effort. Families which want to live in full measure
the vocation and spirituality proper to the Christian family must therefore
devote all their energies to overcoming the pressures that hinder family
gatherings and prayer in common.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">55. In concluding these
observations, which give proof of the concern and esteem which the Apostolic
See has for the Rosary of the Blessed Virgin, we desire at the same time to
recommend that this very worthy devotion should not be propagated in a way that
is too one-sided or exclusive. The Rosary is an excellent prayer, but the
faithful should feel serenely free in its regard. They should be drawn to its
calm recitation by its intrinsic appeal.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Theological and Pastoral
Value of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">56. Venerable Brothers,
as we come to the end of this our Apostolic Exhortation we wish to sum up and
emphasize the theological value of devotion to the Blessed Virgin and to recall
briefly its pastoral effectiveness for renewing the Christian way of life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Church's devotion to
the Blessed Virgin is an intrinsic element of Christian worship. The honor
which the Church has always and everywhere shown to the Mother of the Lord,
from the blessing with which Elizabeth greeted Mary (cf. Lk. 1:42-45) right up
to the expressions of praise and petition used today, is a very strong witness
to the Church's norm of prayer and an invitation to become more deeply conscious
of her norm of faith. And the converse is likewise true. The Church's norm of
faith requires that her norm of prayer should everywhere blossom forth with
regard to the Mother of Christ. Such devotion to the Blessed Virgin is firmly
rooted in the revealed word and has solid dogmatic foundations. It is based on
the singular dignity of Mary, "Mother of the Son of God, and therefore
beloved daughter of the Father and Temple of the Holy Spirit-Mary, who, because
of this extraordinary grace, is far greater than any other creature on earth or
in heaven."(119) This devotion takes into account the part she played at
decisive moments in the history of the salvation which her Son accomplished,
and her holiness, already full at her Immaculate Conception yet increasing all
the time as she obeyed the will of the Father and accepted the path of
suffering (cf. Lk. 2:34-35, 41-52; Jn. 19:25-27), growing constantly in faith,
hope and charity. Devotion to Mary recalls too her mission and the special
position she holds within the People of God, of which she is the preeminent
member, a shining example and the loving Mother; it recalls her unceasing and
efficacious intercession which, although she is assumed into heaven, draws her
close to those who ask her help, including those who do not realize that they
are her children. It recalls Mary's glory which ennobles the whole of mankind,
as the outstanding phrase of Dante recalls: "You have so ennobled human
nature that its very Creator did not disdain to share in it."(120) Mary,
in fact, is one of our race, a true daughter of Eve-though free of that
mother's sin-and truly our sister, who as a poor and humble woman fully shared
our lot.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We would add further that
devotion to the Blessed Virgin finds its ultimate justification in the
unfathomable and free will of God who, being eternal and divine charity (cf. 1
Jn. 4:7-8, 16), accomplishes all things according to a loving design. He loved
her and did great things for her (cf. Lk. 1:49). He loved her for His own sake,
and He loved her for our sake, too; He gave her to Himself and He gave her also
to us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">57. Christ is the only
way to the Father (cf. Jn. 14:4-11), and the ultimate example to whom the
disciple must conform his own conduct (cf. Jn. 13:15), to the extent of sharing
Christ's sentiments (cf. Phil. 2:5), living His life and possessing His Spirit
(cf. Gal. 2 20; Rom. 8:10-11). The Church has always taught this and nothing in
pastoral activity should obscure this doctrine. But the Church, taught by the
Holy Spirit and benefiting from centuries of experience, recognizes that
devotion to the Blessed Virgin, subordinated to worship of the divine Savior
and in connection with it, also has a great pastoral effectiveness and
constitutes a force for renewing Christian living. It is easy to see the reason
for this effectiveness Mary's many-sided mission to the People of God is a
super natural reality which operates and bears fruit within the body of the
Church. One finds cause for joy in considering the different aspects of this
mission, and seeing how each of these aspects with its individual effectiveness
is directed towards the same end, namely, producing in the children the
spiritual characteristics of the first-born Son. The Virgin's maternal
intercession, her exemplary holiness and the divine grace which is in her
become for the human race a reason for divine hope.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Blessed Virgin's role
as Mother leads the People of God to turn with filial confidence to her who is
ever ready to listen with a mother's affection and efficacious assistance.(121)
Thus the People of God have learned to call on her as the Consoler of the
afflicted, the Health of the sick, and the Refuge of sinners, that they may
find comfort in tribulation, relief in sickness and liberating strength in
guilt. For she, who is free from sin, leads her children to combat sin with
energy and resoluteness.(122) This liberation from sin and evil (cf. Mt.
6:13)-it must be repeated-is the necessary premise for any renewal of Christian
living.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Blessed Virgin's
exemplary holiness encourages the faithful to "raise their eyes to Mary
who shines forth before the whole community of the elect as a model of the
virtues."(123) It is a question of solid, evangelical virtues: faith and
the docile acceptance of the Word of God (cf. Lk. 1:26-38, 1:45, 11:27-28; Jn.
2:5); generous obedience (cf Lk. 1:38); genuine humility (cf. Lk. 1:48);
solicitous charity (cf. Lk. 1:39-56); profound wisdom (cf. Lk. 1:29, 34; 2:19,
33:51); worship of God manifested in alacrity in the fulfillment of religious
duties (cf. Lk. 2:21-41), in gratitude for gifts received (cf Lk. 1:46-49), in
her offering in the Temple (cf. Lk. 2:22-24) and in her prayer in the midst of
the apostolic community (cf. Acts 1:12-14); her fortitude in exile (cf. Mt.
2:13-23) and in suffering (cf. Lk. 2:34-35, 49; Jn. 19 25); her poverty
reflecting dignity and trust in God (cf. Lk. 1:48, 2:24) her attentive care for
her Son, from His humble birth to the ignominy of the cross (cf. Lk. 2:1-7; Jn.
19:25-27); her delicate forethought (cf. Jn. 2:1-11); her virginal purity (cf.
Mt. 1:18-25; Lk. 1:26-38); her strong and chaste married love. These virtues of
the Mother will also adorn her children who steadfastly study her example in
order to reflect it in their own lives. And this progress in virtue will appear
as the consequence and the already mature fruit of that pastoral zeal which
springs from devotion to the Blessed Virgin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Devotion to the Mother of
the Lord becomes for the faithful an opportunity for growing in divine grace,
and this is the ultimate aim of all pastoral activity. For it is impossible to
honor her who is "full of grace" (Lk. 1:28) without thereby honoring
in oneself the state of grace, which is friendship with God, communion with Him
and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. It is this divine grace which takes
possession of the whole man and conforms him to the image of the Son of God
(cf. Rom. 8:29; Col. 1:18). The Catholic Church, endowed with centuries of
experience, recognizes in devotion to the Blessed Virgin a powerful aid for man
as he strives for fulfillment. Mary, the New Woman, stands at the side of
Christ, the New Man, within whose mystery the mystery of man(124) alone finds
true light; she is given to its as a pledge and guarantee that God's plan in
Christ for the salvation of the whole man has already achieved realization in a
creature: in her. Contemplated in the episodes of the Gospels and in the
reality which she already possesses in the City of God, the Blessed Virgin Mary
offers a calm vision and a reassuring word to modern man, torn as he often is
between anguish and hope, defeated by the sense of his own limitations and
assailed by limitless aspirations, troubled in his mind and divided in his
heart, uncertain before the riddle of death, oppressed by loneliness while
yearning for fellowship, a prey to boredom and disgust. She shows forth the
victory of hope over anguish, of fellowship over solitude, of peace over
anxiety, of joy and beauty over boredom and disgust, of eternal visions over
earthly ones, of life over death.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Let the very words that
she spoke to the servants at the marriage feast of Cana, "Do whatever he
tells you" (Jn. 2:5), be a seal on our Exhortation and a further reason in
favor of the pastoral value of devotion to the Blessed Virgin as a means of leading
men to Christ. Those words, which at first sight were limited to the desire to
remedy an embarrassment at the feast, are seen in the context of Saint John's
Gospel to re-echo the words used by the people of Israel to give approval to
the Covenant at Sinai (cf. Ex. 19:8, 24:3, 7; Dt. 5:27) and to renew their
commitments (cf. Jos. 24:24; Ezr. 10:12; Neh. 5:12). And they are words which
harmonize wonderfully with those spoken by the Father at the theophany on Mount
Tabor: "Listen to him" (Mt. 17:5).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Epilogue</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">58. Venerable Brothers,
we have dealt at length with an integral element of Christian worship: devotion
to the Mother of the Lord. This has been called for by the nature of the
subject, one which in these recent years has been the object of study and
revision and at times the cause of some perplexity. We are consoled to think
that the work done by this Apostolic See and by yourselves in order to carry
out the norms of the Council-particularly the liturgical reform-is a
stepping-stone to an ever more lively and adoring worship of God, the Father
and the Son and the Holy Spirit, and to an increase of the Christian life of
the faithful. We are filled with confidence when we note that the renewed Raman
liturgy, also taken as a whole, is a splendid illustration of the Church's
devotion to the Blessed Virgin. We are upheld by the hope that the directives
issued in order to render this devotion ever more pure and vigorous will be
applied with sincerity. We rejoice that the Lord has given us the opportunity of
putting forward some points for reflection in order to renew and confirm esteem
for the practice of the rosary. Comfort, confidence, hope and joy are the
sentiments which we wish to transform into fervent praise and thanksgiving to
the Lord as we unite our voice with that of the Blessed Virgin in accordance
with the prayer of the Roman Liturgy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear Brothers, while we
express the hope that thanks to your generous commitment, there will be among
the clergy and among the people entrusted to your care a salutary increase of
devotion to Mary with undoubted profit for the Church and for society, we
cordially impart our special apostolic blessing to yourselves and to all the
faithful people to whom you devote your pastoral zeal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Given in Rome, at Saint
Peter's, on the second day of February, the Feast of the Presentation of the
Lord, in the year 1974, the eleventh of our Pontificate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">PAULUS PP. VI</span></p><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">FOOTNOTES<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1) Cf Lactantius, Divinae
Institutiones IV,3, 6-10: CSEL 19 p. 279.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2) Cf II Vatican Council,
Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 1-3, 11, 21,
48, AAS 56 (1964), pp 97-98, 102-103, 105-106, 113.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3) II Vatican Council,
Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 103: AAS 56
(1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4) Cf II Vatican Council,
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 66: AAS 57 (1965), p.
65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5) Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6) Votive Mass of the
Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church. Preface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7) Cf II Vatican Council,
Dogmatic Constitution on, the Church, Lumen Gentium 66-67: AAS 57
(1965), pp 65-66, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum
Concilium, 103: AAS 56 (1964), p 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8) Apostolic
Exhortation, Signum Magnum: AAS 59 (1967) pp. 465-475<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">9) Cf II Vatican Council,
Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 3: AAS 56
(1964). p 98.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">10) Cf II Vatican Council
ibid, 102: AAS 56 ( 1954), p 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">11) Cf. Roman Missal
restored by Decree of the Sacred Ecumenical II Vatican Council, promulgated by
authority of Pope Paul VI typical edition, MCMLXX, 8 December, Preface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">12) Roman Missal,
restored by Decree of the Sacred Ecumenical II Vatican Council promulgated by
authority of Pope Paul VI, Orao Lectionum Missae, typical edition MCMLXIX.
p. 8, First Reading (Year A: 1:, 7:10-14: "Behold a Virgin shall
conceive"; Year B: 2: Sam 7:1-15; 8b-11, 16: "The throne of David
shall be established for ever before the face of the Lord"; Year C: Mic
5:2a [Heb 1-4a]: "Out of you will be born for me the one who is to rule
over Israel").<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">13) Ibid., p. 8, Gospel
(Year A: Mt 1:18-24: "Jesus is born of Mary who was espoused to Joseph,
the son of David"; Year B: Lk 1:26-38: "You are to conceive and bear
a son; Year C: Lk 1:39-45: "Why should I be honoured with a visit from the
Mother of my Lord?").<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">14) Cf. Roman Missal
Advent Preface, II.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">15) Roman Missal, Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">16) Roman Missal,
Eucharistic Prayer I, Communicantes for Christmas and its octave.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">17) Roman Missal, 1
January, Entry antiphon and Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">18) Cf. Roman Missal, 22
August. Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">19) Roman Missal, 8
September, Prayer after Communion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">20) Roman Missal, 31 May,
Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">21) Cf. ibid., Collect
and Prayer over the gifts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">22) Cf. Roman Missal, 15
September, Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">23) Cf. 1, p. 15.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">24) From among the many
anaphoras cf. the following which are held In special honour by the Eastern
rites: Anaphora Marci Evangelistae: Prex Eucharistica, ed A. Hanggi-I, Pahl.
Fribourg Editions Universitaires, 1968, p. 107; Anaphora Iacobi fratris Domini
graeca ibid. p. 257; Anaphora Ioannis Chrysostomi, ibid., p. 229.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">25) Cf. Roman Missal, 8
December, Preface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">26) Cf. Roman Missal, 15
August, Preface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">27) Cf. Roman Missal, 1
January, Prayer after Communion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">28) Cf. Roman Missal,
Common of the Blessed Virgin Mary, 6, Tempore Paschali, Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">29) Roman Missal, 15
September, Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">30) Roman Missal, 31 Mary
Collect. On the same lines is the Preface of the Blessed Virgin Mar, 1;
"We do well... in celebrating the memory of the Virgin Mary... to glorify
your love for us in the words of her song of thanksgiving."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">31) Cf. Lectionary, III
Sunday of Advent (Year C: Zeph 3:14-18a): IV Sunday of Advent (cf. above
footnote 12); Sunday within the octave of Christmas (Year A; Mt 2:13-15 Year B;
Lk 2:22-40; Year C; Lk 2:41-52); II Sunday after Christmas (Jn 1:1-18); VII
Sunday after Easter (Year A: Acts 1:12-14): II Sunday of the Year C: Jn
1:1-12); X Sunday of the Year (Year B: Gen 3:9-15); XIV Sunday of the Year
(Year B: Mk 6:16)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">32) Cf Lectionary, the
catechumenate and baptism of adults the Lord's Prayer (Second Reading 2 Gal.
4:47); Christian initiation outside the Easter Vigil (Gospel, 7, Jn 1:1-5;
9-16; 16-18); Nuptial Mass (Gospel, 7, Jn 2:1-11); consecration of Virgins and
religious profession (First Reading 7, Is 61:9-11; Gospel, 6 Mk 3:31-35; Lk
1:26-38 [cf. Ordo Consecrationis Virginum 130; ordo professionis religiosae,
pars alter, 145]).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">33) Cf. Lectionary, For
refugees and exiles (Gospel, 1 Mt 2:13-15; 19-23); In thanksgiving (First
Reading 4 Zeph 3:14-15).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">34) Cf. La Divina
Commedia, Paradiso XXXIII, 1-9 cf Liturgy of the Hours, remembrance of Our Lady
on Saturdays, Office of Reading Hymn.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">35) Ordo baptismi
parvulorum 48: Ordo initiationis christiana adultorum, 214.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">36) Cf.. Rituale Romanum,
Tit. VII, cap. III, De benedictione mulieris post partum.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">37) Cf. Ordo professionis
religiosae, Pars Prior, 57 and 67.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">38) Cf. Ordo
consecrationis virginum, 16.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">39) Cf. Ordo professionis
religiosae, Pars Prior, 62 and 142; Pars Altera, 67 and 158; Ordo
consecrationis virginum, 18 and 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">40) Cf. Ordo unctionis
infirmorum eorumque pastoralis curae,143, 146, 147. 150.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">41) Cf. Roman Missal,
Masses for the Dead, For dead brothers and sisters, relations and benefactors.
Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">42) Cf. Ordo exsequarum
226.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">43) Cf. II Vatican
Council Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 63: AAS 57
(1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">44) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 7:
AAS 56 (1964), pp. 100-101.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">45) Sermo 215, 4: PL 38,
1074.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">46) Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">47) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, Dei Verbum, 21: AAS
58 (1966), pp. 827-828.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">48) Cf. Adversus
Haereses IV. 7, 1: PG 7, 1, 990-991: S Ch. 100, t. II, pp. 454-458.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">49) Cf. Adversus Haereses III,
10, 2: PG 7, 1, 873: S Ch. 34, p.164.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">50) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 62: AAS 57
(1965), p. 63.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">51) II Vatican Council
Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 83: AAS 56
(1964), p.121.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">52) II Vatican Council,
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium 63: AAS 57 (1965)
P. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">53) Ibid. 64: AAS 57
(1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">54) Tractatus XXV (In
Nativitate Domini), 5: CCL 138, p. 123; S. Ch. 22 p. 132; cf. also Tractatus
XXIX In Nativitate Domini 1: CCL ibid., p. 147; S. Ch ibid, p. 178; Tractatus
LXIII (De Passione Domini) 6:CCL ibid p. 386: S. Ch. 74 p. 82.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">55) M Ferotin, Le Liber
Mozarabicus Sacramentorum, col. 56.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">56) In Purificatione, B.
Mariae, Sermo III, 2: PL 183, 370; Sancti Bernardi Opera, ed J. Leclercq-H.
Rochais , vol IV, Rome 1966. p. 342.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">57) Cf. II Vatican
Council Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium 57: AAS 57
(1965), p. 61.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">58) Ibid, 58: AAS 57
(1965), p. 61.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">59) Cf. Pius XII
Encyclical Letter Mystici Corporis: AAS 35 (1943), P. 247.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">60) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 47:
AAS 56 (1964), pp. 113.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">61) ibid. 102, 106: AAS
56 (1964), pp. 125, 126.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">62) "design to
remember all who have been pleasing to you throughout the ages the holy
Fathers, the Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles... and the holy and glorious Mother
of God and all the saints... may they remember our misery and poverty, and
together with us may they offer you this great and unbloody sacrifice":
Anaphora Iacobi fratris Domini syriaca: Prex Eucharistica, ed. A. Hànggi-I.
Pahl Fribourg, Editions Universitaires, 1968, p. 274.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">63) Expositio Evangelii
secundum Lucam 11 26: CSEL 32, IV, p. 55: S. Ch. 45, pp. 83-84.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">64) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 62: AAS 57
(1965), p. 63.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">65) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 103:
AAS 56 (1964), pp. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">66) Cf. II Vatican
Council Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium 67: AAS 57
(1965), p. 65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">67) Cf. Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">68) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 104:
AAS 56 (1964), pp. 125-126.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">70) Cf. Paul VI, Talk of
24 April 1970, in the church of Our Lady of Bonaria in Cagliari: AAS 62 (1970)
p. 300.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">71) Pius IX, Apostolic
Letter Ineffabilis Deus: Pii IX Pontificis Maximi Acta, I, 1, Rome 1854,
p. 599. Cf. also V. Sardi. La solenne definizione del dogma dell'Immacolato
concepimento di Maria Santissima, Atti e documenti..., Rome 1904-1905, vol. II,
p. 302.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">72) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium 66: AAS
57 (1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">73) S. Ildephonsus, De
viginitate perpetua sanctae Mariae chapter XII: PL 96, 108.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">74) Cf. II Vatican
Council Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium 56: AAS 57
(1965), p. 60 and the authors mentioned in note 176 of the document.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">75) Cf. St Ambrose, De
Spiritu Sancto II, 37-38; CSEL 79 pp. 100-101; Cassian, De incarnatione
Domini II chapter II: CSEL 17 pp. 247-249. St. Bede, Homilia 1,3:CCL 122, p. 18
and p. 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">76) Cf. St Ambrose, De
institutione virginis, chapter XII, 79: PL 16 (ed 1880), 339; Epistula 30, 3
and Epistula 42, 7: ibid 1107 and 1175; Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam X
132. S Ch 52, p 200. S. Proclus of Constantinople, Oratio I, 1 and Oratio V, 3:
PG 65, 681 and 720; St. Basil of Seleucia, Oratio XXXIX, 3: PG 85, 433; St.
Andrew of Crete, Oratio IV: PG 97, 868: St Germanus of Constantinople, Oratio
IIII, 15: PG 98, 305.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">77) cf. St. Jerome, Adversus
Iovinianum I, 33: PL 23, 267; St Ambrose, Epistula 63, 33: PL 16 (ed.
1880), 1249; De institutione virginis, chapter XVII, 105: ibid.,
346; De Spiritu Sancto III, 79-80: CSEL 79, pp. 182-183; Sedulius,
Hymn "A solis ortus cardine", verses 13-14 CSEL 10, p. 164; Hymnus
Acathistos, Str 23; ed I. B. Pitra, Analecta Sacra, I, p. 261; St Proclue of
Constantanople, Oratio I, 3: PG 65, 648; Oratio II, 6: Ibid., 700; St Basil of
Seleucia, Oratio IV, In Nativitatem B. Mariae: PG 97, 868; St John Damascene,
Oratio IV, 10: PG 96 677.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">78) Cf. Severus of
Antioch, Homilia 57: PO 8, pp. 357-358; Hesychius of Jerusalem, Homilia de
sancta Maria Deipara: PG 93, 1464; Chrysippus of Jerusalem, Oratio in sanctam
Mariam Deiparam, 2 PO 19, p. 338: St Andrew of Crete, Oratio V: PG 97, 896: St
John Damascene, Oratio VI, 6: PG 96, 972.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">79) Liber Apotheosis,
verses 571-572: CCL 126. p. 97.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">80) Cf. S Isidore, De
ortu et obitu Patrum, chapter LXVII III: PL 83, 148: St. Ildephonsus, De
virginitate perpetua sanctae Mariae, chapter X: PL 96, 95; St Bernard, In
Assumptione B. Virginis Mariae: Sermo IV, 4 PL 183, 428: In Nativitate B.
Virginis Mariae: ibid. 442 St Peter Damien, Carmina sacra et preces II, Oratio
ad Deum Filium: PL 145, 921; Antiphonalium officii, ed. R.J. Hesbert, Rome
1970, vol IV, n. 6314, p. 80.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">81) Cf. Paulus Diaconus,
Homilia I, In Assumptione B. Mariae Virginis: PL 95, 1567: De Assumptione
sanctae Mariae Virginis: Paschasio Radherto trib, 31, 42, 57, 83: ed. A.
Ripberger. in "Spicilegium Friburgense" 9, 1962, pp. 72, 76, 84,
96-97; Eadmer of Canterbury, De excellentia Virginis Mariae, chapters IV-V: PL
159 , 562-567: St Bernard, In laudibus Virginis Matris. Homilia IV, 3: Sancti
Bernardi Opera, ed. J Leclercq-H. Rochais, IV, Rome 1966, pp. 49-50.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">82) Cf. Origen, In Lucam
Homilia VII, 3: PG 13 1817: S. Ch. 87, p. 156: St Cyril of Alexandria,
Commentarius in Aggacum prophetam, chapter XIX: PG 71, 1060: St Ambrose, De
fide IV 9, 113-114: CSEL 78, pp. 197-198: Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam
I;, 23 and 27-28: CSEL 32, IV, pp. 53-54 and 55-56; Severianus Gabalensis,
Antipater of Bostra Homilia in Sanctissimae Deiparae Annuntiationem, 16; PG 85,
1785.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">83) Cf. Eadmer of
Canterbury, De excellentia Virginis Mariae chapter VII: P: 159, 571:
St Amedeus of Lausanne, De Maria Virgini Matre, Homilia VII: PL 188, 1337: S Ch
72, p. 184.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">84) De virginitate
perpetua sanctae Mariae, chapter XII: PL 96, 106.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">85) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 54: AAS 57 (1965), p.
59. Cf. Paulus VI Allocutio ad Patres Conciliares habua altera exacta Concilii
Oecumenici Vaticani Secundi Sessione, 4 December 1963: AAS 56 (1964), p. 37.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">86) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 6, 7-8, 9-11: AAS 57
(1965), pp. 8-9, 9-12, 12-21.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">87) Ibid., 63: AAS 57
(1965) p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">88) St Cyprian, De
Catholicae Ecclesiae unitate, 5: CSEL 3, p. 214.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">89) Isaac de Stella,
Sermo LI, In Assumptione B. Mariae: PL 194, 1863.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">90) Sermo XXX, I: S. Ch.
164, p. 134.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">91) Cf II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 66-69: AAS 57
(1965), pp. 65-67.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">92) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, Dei Verbum, 25: AAS
58 (1966), pp. 829-830.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">93) Or cit., 13: AAS 56
(1964), p. 103.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">94) Cf. Officium magni
canonis paracletici, Magnum Orologion Athens 1963 p. 558: passim in liturgical
canons and prayers: cf. Sophronius Eustradiadou, Theotokarion, Chennevieres-su
Marne 1931, pp. 9, 19.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">95) Cf II Vatican
Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 69: AAS 57
(1965), pp. 66-67.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">96) Cf ibid., 66: AAS 57
(1965), p. 65; Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium,
103: AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">97) II Vatican Council,
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 67: AAS 57 (1965), pp.
65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">98) Ibid, 66: AAS 57
(1965), p. 65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">99)Cf. Paul VI, Address
in the Vatican Basilica to the Fathers of the Council, 21 November 1964: AAS 56
(1964), p. 1017.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">100) II Vatican Council
Decree on Ecumenism, Unitatis Redintegratio, 20: AAS 57 (1965), p. 105.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">101) Encyclical
Letter, Adiutricem Populi: AAS 28 (1895-1896), p. 135.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">102) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 56: AAS 57 (1965), p.
60.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">103) Cf. St Peter
Chrysologus, Sermo CXLIII: PL 52 583.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">104) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 55: AAS 57 (1965), pp.
59-60.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">105) Cf. Paul VI
Apostolic Constitution, Signum Magnum I: AAS 59 (1967), pp. 467-468:
Roman Missal, 15 September, Prayer over the gifts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">106) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 67: AAS 57 (1965), pp.
65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">107) St. Augustine, In
Iohannis Evangelium, Tractatus X, 3; CCL 36, pp. 101-102; Epistula 243, Ad
Laetum, 9: CSEL 57, pp. 575-576; St Bede, In Lucae Evangelium expositio,
IV, XI, 28: CCL 120, p. 237: Homilia I, 4: CCL 122. pp. 26-27.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">108) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 58: AAS 57 (1965), p.
61.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">109) Roman Missal, IV
Sunday of Advent, Collect. Similarly the Collect of 25 March, which may be used
in place of the previous one in the recitation of the Angelus.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">110) Pius XII, Letter to
the Archbishop of Manila "Philippinas Insulas": AAS 38 (1946), p.
419.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">111) Discourse to the
participants in the III Dominican International Rosary Congress: Insegnamenti
di Paolo VI 1, (1963) pp. 463-464.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">112) In AAS 58 (1966),
pp. 745-749.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">113) In AAS 61 (1969),
pp. 649-654.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">114) Cf. 13: AAS 56
(1964) pp. 103.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">115) Decree on the Lay
Apostolate, Apostolicam Actuositatem, 11: AAS 58 (1966) p. 848.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">116. II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 11: AAS 57 (1965), p.
16.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">117) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Decree on the Lay Apostolate, Apostolicam Actuositatem, 11: AAS
58 (1966) p. 848<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">118) Op cit., 27.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">119) II Vatican Council
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 53: AAS 57 (1965), pp.
58-59.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">120) La Divina Commedia,
Paradiso XXXIII, 4-6.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">121) Cf. II Vatican
Council Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 60-63: AAS 57
(1965), pp. 62-64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">122) Cf. ibid., 65: AAS
57 (1965), pp. 64-65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">123) Ibid., 65: AAS 57
(1965), p. 64.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">124) Cf. II Vatican
Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, Gaudium
et Spes, 22: AAS 58 (1966), pp. 1042-1044.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">125) Cf. Roman Missal 31
May Collect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>MARIALIS CULTUS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">ESORTAZIONE APOSTOLICA</b></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">DI SUA SANTITÀ</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">PAOLO PP. VI</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">A TUTTI I VESCOVI</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">AVENTI PACE E COMUNIONE</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">CON LA SEDE APOSTOLICA</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></b></div></b><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">VENERABILI FRATELLI<br />
SALUTE E APOSTOLICA BENEDIZIONE</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>INTRODUZIONE</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Fin da quando fummo
assunti alla Cattedra di Pietro, Ci siamo costantemente adoperati per dar
incremento al culto mariano, non soltanto nell'intento di interpretare il
sentire della Chiesa e il Nostro personale impulso, ma anche perché esso, come
è noto, rientra quale parte nobilissima nel contesto di quel culto sacro, nel
quale vengono a confluire il culmine della sapienza e il vertice della
religione1 e che pertanto è compito primario del Popolo di Dio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Proprio in vista di tale
compito Noi sempre assecondammo e incoraggiammo la grande opera della riforma
liturgica, promossa dal Concilio Ecumenico Vaticano II, e avvenne certo non
senza un particolare disegno della Provvidenza divina se il primo documento
conciliare, che insieme con i venerabili Padri approvammo e
sottoscrivemmo nello Spirito Santo, fu la Costituzione <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_it.html">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a>, la quale si proponeva appunto di restaurare e di incrementare la
Liturgia, rendendo più proficua la partecipazione dei fedeli ai sacri misteri.2 Da
allora, molti atti del Nostro Pontificato hanno avuto come fine il
miglioramento del culto divino, come dimostra il fatto di aver promulgato, in
questi anni, numerosi libri del rito Romano, restaurati secondo i princìpi e le
norme del medesimo Concilio. Di ciò ringraziamo vivamente il Signore, datore di
ogni bene, e siamo riconoscenti alle Conferenze Episcopali e ai singoli
Vescovi, che in vari modi hanno collaborato con Noi alla preparazione di tali
libri.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mentre consideriamo,
però, con animo lieto e grato il lavoro compiuto e i primi positivi risultati
del rinnovamento liturgico, destinati a moltiplicarsi via via che la riforma
sarà meglio compresa nelle sue motivazioni di fondo e rettamente applicata, la
Nostra vigile sollecitudine non cessa di rivolgersi a quanto può dare ordinato
compimento alla restaurazione del culto, con cui la Chiesa in spirito e
verità (cfr Gv 4,24) adora il Padre, il Figlio e lo Spirito
Santo, venera con particolare amore Maria Santissima, Madre di Dio3 e
onora con religioso ossequio la memoria dei Martiri e degli altri Santi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lo sviluppo, da Noi
auspicato, della devozione verso la Vergine Maria, inserita (come sopra abbiamo
accennato) nell'alveo dell'unico culto che a buon diritto è chiamato cristiano –
perché da Cristo trae origine ed efficacia, in Cristo trova compiuta
espressione e per mezzo di Cristo, nello Spirito, conduce al Padre – è elemento
qualificante della genuina pietà della Chiesa. Per intima necessità, infatti,
essa rispecchia nella prassi cultuale il piano redentivo di Dio, per cui al
posto singolare, che in esso ha avuto Maria, corrisponde un culto singolare per
Lei;4 come pure, ad ogni sviluppo autentico del culto cristiano consegue
necessariamente un corretto incremento della venerazione alla Madre del
Signore. Del resto, la storia della pietà dimostra come le varie forme di
devozione verso la Madre di Dio, che la Chiesa ha approvato entro i limiti
della sana e ortodossa dottrina5 si sviluppino in armonica subordinazione
al culto che si presta a Cristo e intorno ad esso gravitino come a loro
naturale e necessario punto di riferimento. Anche nella nostra epoca avviene
così. La riflessione della Chiesa contemporanea sul mistero del Cristo e sulla
sua propria natura l'ha condotta a trovare, alla radice del primo e a
coronamento della seconda, la stessa figura di Donna: la Vergine Maria, Madre
appunto di Cristo e Madre della Chiesa. E l'accresciuta conoscenza della
missione di Maria si è tramutata in gioiosa venerazione verso di lei e in
adorante rispetto per il sapiente disegno di Dio, il quale ha collocato nella
sua Famiglia – la Chiesa –, come in ogni focolare domestico, la figura di
Donna, che nascostamente e in spirito di servizio veglia per essa e
benignamente ne protegge il cammino verso la patria, finché giunga il giorno
glorioso del Signore.6<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel nostro tempo, i
mutamenti prodottisi nel costume sociale, nella sensibilità dei popoli, nei
modi di espressione della letteratura e delle arti, nelle forme di
comunicazione sociale, hanno influito anche sulle manifestazioni del sentimento
religioso. Certe pratiche cultuali, che in un tempo non lontano apparivano atte
ad esprimere il sentimento religioso dei singoli e delle comunità cristiane,
sembrano oggi insufficienti o inadatte, perché legate a schemi socio-culturali
del passato, mentre da più parti si cercano nuove forme espressive
dell'immutabile rapporto delle creature con il loro Creatore, dei figli con il
loro Padre. Ciò può produrre in alcuni un momentaneo disorientamento; ma chi,
con animo fiducioso in Dio, riflette su tali fenomeni, scopre che molte
tendenze della pietà contemporanea – la interiorizzazione del sentimento religioso,
per esempio – sono chiamate a concorrere allo sviluppo della pietà cristiana,
in generale, e della pietà verso la Vergine, in particolare. Così la nostra
epoca, nel fedele ascolto della tradizione e nell'attenta considerazione dei
progressi della teologia e delle scienze, offrirà il suo contributo di lode a
colei che, secondo le sue stesse profetiche parole, tutte le generazioni
chiameranno beata (cfr Lc 1,48).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Giudichiamo, quindi,
conforme al Nostro servizio apostolico trattare, quasi dialogando con voi,
Venerabili Fratelli, alcuni temi relativi al posto che la Beata Vergine occupa
nel culto della Chiesa, già in parte toccati dal Concilio Vaticano II7 e
dai Noi stessi,8 ma sui quali non è inutile ritornare, per dissipare dubbi
e, soprattutto, per favorire lo sviluppo di quella devozione alla Vergine che,
nella Chiesa, trae le sue motivazioni dalla Parola di Dio e si esercita nello
Spirito di Cristo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vorremmo, pertanto,
soffermarCi su alcune questioni che riguardano i rapporti tra la sacra Liturgia
e il culto della Vergine (I); proporre considerazioni e direttive atte a
favorire il legittimo sviluppo di questo culto (II); suggerire, infine, alcune
riflessioni per una ripresa vigorosa e più consapevole della recita del Santo
Rosario, la cui pratica è stata insistentemente raccomandata dai Nostri
Predecessori ed è tanto diffusa tra il popolo cristiano (III).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>I. IL CULTO DELLA VERGINE
MARIA NELLA LITURGIA</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1. Accingendoci a
trattare del posto che la Vergine Maria occupa nel culto cristiano, dobbiamo in
primo luogo rivolgere la Nostra attenzione alla sacra Liturgia; essa, infatti,
oltre un ricco contenuto dottrinale, possiede un'incomparabile efficacia
pastorale e ha un riconosciuto valore esemplare per le altre forme di culto.
Avremmo voluto considerare le varie Liturgie dell'Oriente e dell'Occidente, ma,
in ordine allo scopo di questo documento, guarderemo quasi esclusivamente ai
libri del rito Romano: esso solo è stato oggetto, in seguito alle norme
pratiche impartite dal Concilio Vaticano II,9 di un profondo rinnovamento
anche per quanto attiene alle espressioni di venerazione a Maria e richiede,
pertanto, di essere attentamente considerato e valutato.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>A. La Vergine nella
restaurata Liturgia Romana</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2. La riforma della
Liturgia Romana presupponeva un accurato restauro del suo Calendario
Generale. Esso, ordinato a disporre con il dovuto rilievo, in determinati
giorni, la celebrazione dell'opera della salvezza distribuendo lungo il corso
dell'anno l'intero mistero del Cristo, dall'Incarnazione fino all'attesa del
suo glorioso ritorno,10 ha permesso di inserire in modo più organico e con
un legame più stretto la memoria della Madre nel ciclo annuale dei misteri del
Figlio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">3. Così, nel tempo di
Avvento, la Liturgia, oltre che in occasione della solennità dell'8 dicembre
–celebrazione congiunta della Concezione immacolata di Maria, della
preparazione radicale (cfr Is 11,1. 10) alla venuta del Salvatore, e
del felice esordio della Chiesa senza macchia e senza ruga11 –, ricorda
frequentemente la beata Vergine soprattutto nelle ferie dal 17 al 24 dicembre
e, segnatamente, nella domenica che precede il Natale, nella quale fa risuonare
antiche voci profetiche sulla Vergine Maria e sul Messia12 e legge episodi
evangelici relativi alla nascita imminente del Cristo e del suo Precursore.13<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">4. In tal modo i fedeli,
che vivono con la Liturgia lo spirito dell'Avvento, considerando l'ineffabile
amore con cui la Vergine Madre attese il Figlio,14 sono invitati ad
assumerla come modello e a prepararsi per andare incontro al Salvatore che
viene, vigilanti nella preghiera, esultanti nella sua lode.15 Vogliamo,
inoltre, osservare come la Liturgia dell'Avvento, congiungendo l'attesa
messianica e quella del glorioso ritorno di Cristo con l'ammirata memoria della
Madre, presenti un felice equilibrio cultuale, che può essere assunto quale
norma per impedire ogni tendenza a distaccare – come è accaduto talora in
alcune forme di pietà popolare – il culto della Vergine dal suo necessario
punto di riferimento, che è Cristo; e faccia sì che questo periodo – come hanno
osservato i cultori della Liturgia – debba esser considerato un tempo
particolarmente adatto per il culto alla Madre del Signore: tale orientamento
Noi confermiamo, auspicando di vederlo dappertutto accolto e seguito.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">5. Il tempo di Natale
costituisce una prolungata memoria della maternità divina, verginale,
salvifica, di colei la cui illibata verginità diede al mondo il Salvatore:16 infatti,
nella solennità del Natale del Signore, la Chiesa, mentre adora il Salvatore,
ne venera la Madre gloriosa; nella Epifania del Signore, mentre celebra la
vocazione universale alla salvezza, contempla la Vergine come vera Sede della
Sapienza e vera Madre del Re, la quale presenta all'adorazione dei Magi il
Redentore di tutte le genti (cfr Mt 2,11); e nella Festa della Santa
Famiglia di Gesù, Maria e Giuseppe (domenica fra l'ottava di Natale) riguarda
con profonda riverenza la santa vita che conducono nella casa di Nazaret Gesù,
Figlio di Dio e Figlio dell'uomo, Maria, sua Madre, e Giuseppe, uomo giusto
(cfr Mt 1,19).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel ricomposto
ordinamento del periodo natalizio Ci sembra che la comune attenzione debba
essere rivolta alla ripristinata solennità di Maria Ss. Madre di Dio; essa,
collocata secondo l'antico suggerimento della Liturgia dell'Urbe al primo
giorno di gennaio, è destinata a celebrare la parte avuta da Maria in questo
mistero di salvezza e ad esaltare la singolare dignità che ne deriva per
la Madre santa... per mezzo della quale abbiamo ricevuto... l'Autore della
vita;17 ed è, altresì, un'occasione propizia per rinnovare l'adorazione al
neonato Principe della Pace, per riascoltare il lieto annuncio angelico (cfr Lc 2,14),
per implorare da Dio, mediatrice la Regina della Pace, il dono supremo della
pace. Per questo, nella felice coincidenza dell'Ottava di Natale con il giorno
augurale del primo gennaio, abbiamo istituito la Giornata mondiale della
pace, che raccoglie crescenti adesioni e matura già nel cuore di molti uomini
frutti di Pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">6. Alle due solennità già
ricordate, della Concezione immacolata e della Maternità divina, sono da
aggiungere le antiche e venerande celebrazioni del 25 marzo e del 15 agosto.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Per la solennità
dell'Incarnazione del Verbo, nel Calendario Romano, con motivata
risoluzione, è stata ripristinata l'antica denominazione di Annunciazione
del Signore, ma la celebrazione era ed è festa congiunta di Cristo e della
Vergine: del Verbo che si fa figlio di Maria (Mc 6,3), e della
Vergine che diviene Madre di Dio. Relativamente a Cristo l'Oriente e
l'Occidente, nelle inesauribili ricchezze delle loro Liturgie, celebrano tale
solennità come memoria del fiat salvifico del Verbo Incarnato, che
entrando nel mondo disse: Ecco, io vengo (...) per fare, o Dio, la tua volontà (cfr Eb 10,7; Sal 39,8-9);
come commemorazione dell'inizio della redenzione e dell'indissolubile e
sponsale unione della natura divina con la natura umana nell'unica Persona del
Verbo. Relativamente a Maria, come festa della nuova Eva, vergine obbediente e
fedele, che con il suo fiat generoso (cfr Lc 1,38) divenne,
per opera dello Spirito, Madre di Dio, ma anche vera Madre dei viventi e,
accogliendo nel suo grembo l'unico Mediatore (cfr 1Tm 2,5), vera Arca
dell'Alleanza e vero tempio di Dio; come memoria di un momento culminante del
dialogo di salvezza tra Dio e l'uomo, e commemorazione del libero consenso
della Vergine e del suo concorso al piano della redenzione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La solennità del 15
agosto celebra la gloriosa Assunzione di Maria al cielo; è, questa, la festa
del suo destino di pienezza e di beatitudine, della glorificazione della sua
anima immacolata e del suo corpo verginale, della sua perfetta configurazione a
Cristo risorto; una festa che propone alla Chiesa e all'umanità l'immagine e il
consolante documento dell'avverarsi della speranza finale: che tale piena
glorificazione è il destino di quanti Cristo ha fatto fratelli, avendo con loro
in comune il sangue e la carne (Eb 2,14; cfr Gal 4,4).
La solennità dell'Assunzione ha un prolungamento festoso nella celebrazione
della beata Maria Vergine Regina, che ricorre otto giorni dopo, nella quale si
contempla colei che, assisa accanto al Re dei secoli, splende come Regina e
intercede come Madre.18 Quattro solennità, dunque, che puntualizzano con
il massimo grado liturgico le principali verità dogmatiche concernenti l'umile
Ancella del Signore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">7. Dopo queste solennità
si devono considerare, soprattutto, quelle celebrazioni che commemorano eventi
salvifici, in cui la Vergine fu strettamente associata al Figlio, quali le
feste della Natività di Maria (8 sett.), speranza e aurora di salvezza al
mondo intero;19 della Visitazione (31 maggio), in cui la
Liturgia ricorda la Beata Vergine Maria (...), che porta in grembo il Figlio,20 e
che si reca da Elisabetta per porgerle l'aiuto della sua carità e proclamare la
misericordia di Dio Salvatore;21 oppure la memoria della Vergine
Addolorata (15 sett.), occasione propizia per rivivere un momento decisivo
della storia della salvezza e per venerare la Madre associata alla
passione del Figlio e vicina a lui innalzato sulla croce.22<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Anche la festa del 2
febbraio, a cui è stata restituita la denominazione di Presentazione del
Signore, deve essere considerata, perché sia pienamente colta tutta l'ampiezza
del suo contenuto, come memoria congiunta del Figlio e della Madre, cioè
celebrazione di un mistero di salvezza operato da Cristo, a cui la Vergine fu
intimamente unita quale Madre del Servo sofferente di Iahvè, quale esecutrice
di una missione spettante all'antico Israele e quale modello del nuovo Popolo
di Dio, costantemente provato nella fede e nella speranza da sofferenze e
persecuzioni (cfr Lc 2,21-35).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">8. Se il restaurato Calendario
Romano mette in risalto soprattutto le celebrazioni sopra ricordate, esso
tuttavia annovera altri tipi di memorie o di feste, legate a ragioni di culto
locale e che hanno acquistato un più vasto ambito e un interesse più vivo (11
febb.: Beata Vergine Maria di Lourdes; 5 agosto: Dedicazione della basilica di
Santa Maria Maggiore); altre, celebrate originariamente da particolari famiglie
religiose, ma che oggi, per la diffusione raggiunta, possono dirsi veramente
ecclesiali (16 luglio: Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo; 7 ott.: Beata
Vergine Maria del Rosario); altre ancora che, al di là del dato apocrifo,
propongono contenuti di alto valore esemplare e continuano venerabili
tradizioni, radicate soprattutto in Oriente (21 nov.: Presentazione della Beata
Vergine Maria), o esprimono orientamenti emersi nella pietà contemporanea
(sabato dopo la solennità del Sacro Cuore di Gesù: Cuore immacolato della Beata
Vergine Maria).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">9. Né si deve dimenticare
che il Calendario Romano non registra tutte le celebrazioni di
contenuto mariano: che ai Calendari particolari spetta accogliere, con fedeltà
alle norme liturgiche, ma anche con cordiale adesione, le feste mariane proprie
delle varie Chiese locali. E resta da accennare alla possibilità di una
frequente commemorazione liturgica della Vergine con il ricorso alla Memoria
di santa Maria in Sabato: memoria antica e discreta, che la flessibilità
dell'attuale Calendario e la molteplicità di formulari del Messale rendono
sommamente agevole e varia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">10. Non intendiamo in
questa Esortazione Apostolica considerare tutto il contenuto del nuovo Messale
Romano, ma nel quadro della valutazione che ci siamo prefissi di compiere circa
i libri restaurati del rito Romano,23 desideriamo illustrarne alcuni
aspetti e temi. E amiamo, anzitutto, rilevare come le Preci Eucaristiche del
Messale, in ammirabile convergenza con le Liturgie orientali,24 contengono
una significativa memoria della Beata Vergine Maria. Così il vetusto Canone
Romano, che commemora la Madre del Signore in termini densi di dottrina e di
afflato cultuale: In comunione con tutta la Chiesa, ricordiamo e veneriamo
anzitutto la gloriosa e sempre Vergine Maria, Madre del nostro Dio e Signore
Gesù Cristo; così la recente Prece Eucaristica III, che esprime con intensa
supplica il desiderio degli oranti di condividere con la Madre l'eredità di
figli: Egli faccia di noi un sacrificio perenne a te (Padre) gradito,
perché possiamo ottenere il regno promesso insieme con i tuoi eletti: con la
beata Maria Vergine e Madre di Dio. Tale memoria quotidiana, per la sua
collocazione nel cuore del divin Sacrificio, deve essere ritenuta forma
particolarmente espressiva del culto che la Chiesa rende alla Benedetta
dall'Altissimo (cfr Lc 1,28).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">11. Percorrendo poi i
testi del Messale restaurato, vediamo come i grandi temi mariani dell'eucologia
Romana – il tema della concezione immacolata e della pienezza di grazia, della
maternità divina, della verginità integerrima e feconda, del tempio dello
Spirito Santo, della cooperazione all'opera del Figlio, della santità
esemplare, dell'intercessione misericordiosa, dell'assunzione al cielo, della
regalità materna e altri ancora – siano stati accolti in perfetta continuità
dottrinale con il passato, e come altri temi, nuovi in un certo senso, siano
stati introdotti con altrettanta perfetta aderenza agli sviluppi teologici del
nostro tempo. Così, ad esempio, il tema Maria-Chiesa è stato introdotto nei
testi del Messale con varietà di aspetti, come vari e molteplici sono i
rapporti che intercorrono tra la Madre di Cristo e la Chiesa. Tali testi,
infatti, nella Concezione immacolata della Vergine ravvisano l'esordio della
Chiesa, sposa senza macchia di Cristo;25 nell'Assunzione riconoscono
l'inizio già compiuto e l'immagine di ciò che, per la Chiesa tutta quanta, deve
compiersi ancora;26 nel mistero della maternità la confessano madre del
Capo e delle membra: santa Madre di Dio, dunque, e provvida Madre della Chiesa.27<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quando poi la Liturgia
rivolge il suo sguardo sia alla Chiesa primitiva che a quella contemporanea,
ritrova puntualmente Maria: là, come presenza orante insieme con gli Apostoli;28 qui
come presenza operante insieme con la quale la Chiesa vuol vivere il mistero di
Cristo: ...fa' che la tua santa Chiesa, associata con lei (Maria) alla passione
del Cristo, partecipi alla gloria della risurrezione;29 e come voce di
lode insieme con la quale vuole glorificare Dio: ...per magnificare con lei (Maria) il
tuo santo nome;30 e, poiché la Liturgia è culto che richiede una condotta
coerente di vita, essa supplica di tradurre il culto alla Vergine in concreto e
sofferto amore per la Chiesa, come mirabilmente propone l'orazione dopo la
Comunione del 15 settembre: ...perché, nella memoria della beata Vergine
addolorata, completiamo in noi, per la santa Chiesa, ciò che manca alla
passione di Cristo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">12. Il Lezionario della
Messa è uno dei libri del rito Romano che ha molto beneficiato della riforma
post-conciliare, sia per il numero dei testi aggiunti sia per il loro valore
intrinseco: si tratta, infatti, di testi contenenti la parola di Dio, sempre viva
ed efficace (cfr Eb 4,12). Questa grande abbondanza di letture
bibliche ha consentito di esporre in un ordinato ciclo triennale l'intera
storia della salvezza e di proporre con maggiore completezza il mistero del
Cristo. Ne è risultato, come logica conseguenza, che il Lezionario contiene
un numero maggiore di letture vetero- e neo-testamentarie riguardanti la Beata
Vergine; aumento numerico non disgiunto, tuttavia, da una critica serena,
poiché sono state accolte unicamente quelle letture che, o per l'evidenza del
loro contesto o per le indicazioni di una attenta esegesi, confortata dagli
insegnamenti del Magistero o da una solida tradizione, possono ritenersi, sia
pure in modo e in grado diverso, di carattere mariano. Conviene osservare,
inoltre, che queste letture non solo ricorrono in occasione delle feste della
Vergine, ma vengono proclamate in molte altre circostanze: in alcune domeniche
dell'anno liturgico,31 nella celebrazione di riti che toccano
profondamente la vita sacramentale del cristiano e le sue scelte,32 nonché
nelle circostanze liete o penose della sua esistenza.33<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">13. Anche il restaurato
Libro dell'ufficio di lode, cioè la Liturgia delle Ore, contiene
eccellenti testimonianze di pietà verso la Madre del Signore: nelle
composizioni innodiche, tra cui non mancano alcuni capolavori della letteratura
universale, quale la sublime preghiera di Dante Alighieri alla Vergine;34 nelle
antifone che suggellano l'ufficiatura quotidiana, implorazioni liriche, cui è
stato aggiunto il celebre tropario In te sola troviamo rifugio, venerando
per antichità, mirabile per contenuto; nelle intercessioni delle Lodi e
del Vespro, in cui non è infrequente il fiducioso ricorso alla Madre della
misericordia; nella vastissima selezione di pagine mariane, dovute ad autori
vissuti nei primi secoli del cristianesimo, nel medioevo e nell'età moderna.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">14. Se nel Messale, nel
Lezionario e nella Liturgia delle Ore, cardini della preghiera liturgica
Romana, la memoria della Vergine ritorna con ritmo frequente, anche negli altri
libri liturgici restaurati non mancano espressioni di amore e di supplice
venerazione verso la Madre di Dio: così la Chiesa invoca lei, Madre della
grazia, prima di immergere i candidati nelle acque salutari del Battesimo;35 implora
la sua intercessione per le madri che, riconoscenti per il dono della
maternità, si recano liete al tempio;36 lei addita come esempio ai suoi
membri che abbracciano la sequela di Cristo nella vita religiosa,37 o
ricevono la consacrazione verginale,38 e per essi chiede il suo soccorso
materno;39 a lei rivolge istante supplica per i figli che sono giunti
all'ora del transito;40 richiede il suo intervento per coloro che, chiusi
gli occhi alla luce temporale, sono comparsi dinanzi a Cristo, luce eterna,41 ed
invoca conforto, per la sua intercessione, su coloro che, immersi nel dolore,
piangono con fede la dipartita dei propri cari.42<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">15. L'esame compiuto sui
libri liturgici restaurati porta, dunque, ad una confortante constatazione: la
riforma postconciliare, come già era nei voti del Movimento Liturgico, ha
considerato con adeguata prospettiva la Vergine nel mistero di Cristo e, in
armonia con la tradizione, le ha riconosciuto il posto singolare che le compete
nel culto cristiano, quale santa Madre di Dio e alma cooperatrice del
Redentore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Né poteva essere
altrimenti. Ripercorrendo, infatti, la storia del culto cristiano, si nota che
sia in Oriente, sia in Occidente le espressioni più alte e più limpide della
pietà verso la Beata Vergine sono fiorite nell'ambito della Liturgia o in essa
sono state incorporate.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Desideriamo
sottolinearlo: il culto che oggi la Chiesa universale rende alla santa Madre di
Dio è derivazione, prolungamento e accrescimento incessante del culto che la
Chiesa di ogni tempo le ha tributato con scrupoloso studio della verità e con
sempre vigile nobiltà di forme. Dalla tradizione perenne, viva per la presenza
ininterrotta dello Spirito e per l'ascolto continuo della Parola, la Chiesa del
nostro tempo trae motivazioni, argomenti e stimolo per il culto che essa rende
alla Beata Vergine. E di tale viva tradizione la Liturgia, che dal Magistero
riceve conferma e forza, è espressione altissima e probante documento.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>B. La Vergine
modello della Chiesa nell'esercizio del culto</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">16. Vogliamo ora,
seguendo alcune indicazioni della dottrina conciliare su Maria e la Chiesa,
approfondire un aspetto particolare dei rapporti intercorrenti tra Maria e la
Liturgia, vale a dire: Maria quale modello dell'atteggiamento spirituale con
cui la Chiesa celebra e vive i divini misteri. L'esemplarità della Beata
Vergine in questo campo deriva dal fatto che ella è riconosciuta
eccellentissimo modello della Chiesa nell'ordine della fede, della carità e
della perfetta unione con Cristo,43 cioè di quella disposizione interiore
con cui la Chiesa, sposa amatissima, strettamente associata al suo Signore, lo
invoca e, per mezzo di lui, rende il culto all'eterno Padre.44<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">17. Maria è la Vergine
in ascolto, che accoglie la parola di Dio con fede; e questa fu per lei
premessa e via alla maternità divina, poiché, come intuì sant'Agostino, la
beata Maria colui (Gesù) che partorì credendo, credendo concepì.45 Infatti,
ricevuta dall'Angelo la risposta al suo dubbio (cfr Lc 1,34-37) essa,
piena di fede e concependo il Cristo prima nella sua mente che nel suo grembo,
Ecco – disse – la serva del Signore, sia fatto di me secondo la tua
parola (Lc 1,38);46 fede, che fu per lei causa di beatitudine e
certezza circa l'adempimento della promessa: E beata colei che ha creduto
nell'adempimento delle parole del Signore (Lc 1,45); fede con la
quale ella, protagonista e testimone singolare della Incarnazione, ritornava
sugli avvenimenti dell'infanzia di Cristo, raffrontandoli tra loro nell'intimo
del suo cuore (cfr Lc 2,19. 51). Questo fa anche la Chiesa, la quale,
soprattutto nella sacra Liturgia, con fede ascolta, accoglie, proclama, venera
la parola di Dio, la dispensa ai fedeli come pane di vita47 e alla sua
luce scruta i segni dei tempi, interpreta e vive gli eventi della storia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">18. Maria è, altresì,
la Vergine in preghiera. Così essa appare nella Visita alla madre del
Precursore, in cui effonde il suo spirito in espressioni di glorificazione a Dio,
di umiltà, di fede, di speranza: tale è il cantico L'anima mia magnifica
il Signore (cfr Lc 1,46-55), la preghiera per eccellenza di
Maria, il canto dei tempi messianici nel quale confluiscono l'esultanza
dell'antico e del nuovo Israele, poiché – come sembra suggerire sant'Ireneo –
nel cantico di Maria confluì il tripudio di Abramo che presentiva il Messia
(cfr Gv 8,56)48 e risuonò, profeticamente anticipata, la voce
della Chiesa: Nella sua esultanza Maria proclamava profeticamente a nome
della Chiesa: L'anima mia magnifica il Signore.49 Infatti, il cantico
della Vergine, dilatandosi, è divenuto preghiera di tutta la Chiesa in tutti i
tempi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vergine in preghiera appare
Maria a Cana dove, manifestando al Figlio con delicata implorazione una
necessità temporale, ottiene anche un effetto di grazia: che Gesù, compiendo il
primo dei suoi «segni», confermi i discepoli nella fede in lui (cfrGv 2,1-12).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Anche l'ultimo tratto
biografico su Maria ce la presenta Vergine orante. Infatti gli Apostoli erano
assidui e concordi nella preghiera, insieme con alcune donne e con Maria, la
Madre di Gesù, e con i fratelli di lui (At 1,14): presenza orante di
Maria nella Chiesa nascente e nella Chiesa di ogni tempo, poiché ella, assunta
in cielo, non ha deposto la sua missione di intercessione e di salvezza.50 Vergine
in preghiera è anche la Chiesa, che ogni giorno presenta al Padre le necessità
dei suoi figli, loda il Signore incessantemente e intercede per la
salvezza del mondo.51<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">19. Maria è, ancora, la Vergine
madre, cioè colei che per la sua fede e obbedienza generò sulla terra lo stesso
Figlio del Padre, senza contatto con uomo, ma adombrata dallo Spirito Santo:52 prodigiosa
maternità, costituita da Dio quale tipo e modello della fecondità della
Vergine- Chiesa, la quale diventa anche essa madre, poiché con la
predicazione e il Battesimo genera a vita nuova e immortale i figli, concepiti
per opera dello Spirito Santo e nati da Dio.53 Giustamente gli antichi
padri insegnavano che la Chiesa prolunga nel Sacramento del Battesimo la
maternità verginale di Maria. Tra le loro testimonianze ci piace ricordare
quella del Nostro illustre Predecessore san Leone Magno, il quale in una omelia
natalizia afferma: L'origine che (Cristo) ha preso nel grembo della
Vergine, l'ha posta nel fonte battesimale; ha dato all'acqua quel che aveva
dato alla Madre; difatti, la virtù dell'Altissimo e l'adombramento dello
Spirito Santo (cfr Lc 1,35), che fece sì che Maria desse alla
luce il Salvatore, fa anche sì che l'acqua rigeneri il credente.54 Volendo
attingere alle fonti liturgiche, potremmo citare la bella Conclusione della
Liturgia ispanica: Quella (Maria) portò la Vita nel grembo,
questa (la Chiesa) la porta nell'onda battesimale. Nelle membra di
lei fu plasmato il Cristo, nelle acque di costei fu rivestito il Cristo.55<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">20. Maria è, infine,
la Vergine offerente Nell'episodio della presentazione di Gesù al
tempio (cfr Lc 2,22- 35), la Chiesa, guidata dallo Spirito, ha
scorto, al di là dell'adempimento delle leggi riguardanti l'oblazione del
primogenito (cfr Es 13,11-16) e la purificazione della madre (cfr Lv 12,6-8),
un mistero salvifico, relativo appunto alla storia della salvezza: ha rilevato,
cioè, la continuità dell'offerta fondamentale che il Verbo incarnato fece al
Padre, entrando nel mondo (cfr Eb 10,5-7); ha visto proclamata
l'universalità della salvezza poiché Simeone, salutando nel Bambino la luce per
illuminare le genti e la gloria di Israele (cfr Lc 2,32), riconosceva
in lui il Messia, il Salvatore di tutti; ha inteso il riferimento profetico
alla Passione di Cristo: che le parole di Simeone, le quali congiungevano in un
unico vaticinio il Figlio segno di contraddizione (Lc 2,34) e la
Madre, a cui la spada avrebbe trafitto l'anima (cfr Lc 2,35), si
avverarono sul Calvario. Mistero di salvezza, dunque, che nei suoi vari aspetti
orienta l'episodio della presentazione al tempio verso l'evento salvifico della
croce. Ma la Chiesa stessa, soprattutto a partire dai secoli del medioevo, ha
intuito nel cuore della Vergine, che porta il Figlio a Gerusalemme per
presentarlo al Signore (cfr Lc 2,22), una volontà oblativa, che
superava il senso ordinario del rito. Di tale intuizione abbiamo testimonianza
nell'affettuosa apostrofe di san Bernardo: Offri il tuo Figlio, o Vergine
santa, e presenta al Signore il frutto benedetto del tuo seno. Offri per la
riconciliazione di noi tutti la vittima santa, a Dio gradita.56<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Questa unione della Madre
con il Figlio nell'opera della Redenzione57 raggiunge il culmine sul
Calvario, dove Cristo offrì se stesso quale vittima immacolata a Dio (Eb 9,14)
e dove Maria stette presso la Croce (cfr Gv 19,25), soffrendo
profondamente con il suo Unigenito e associandosi con animo materno al
sacrificio di lui, amorosamente consenziente all'immolazione della vittima da
lei generata58 e offrendola anch'ella all'eterno Padre.59 Per
perpetuare nei secoli il sacrificio della Croce il divin Salvatore istituì il
sacrificio eucaristico, memoriale della sua morte e risurrezione, e lo affidò
alla Chiesa, sua sposa,60 la quale, soprattutto alla domenica, convoca i
fedeli per celebrare la Pasqua del Signore, finché egli ritorni:61 il che
la Chiesa compie in comunione con i Santi del Cielo e, prima di tutto, con la
Beata Vergine,62 della quale imita la carità ardente e la fede
incrollabile.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">21. Modello di tutta la
Chiesa nell'esercizio del culto divino, Maria è anche, evidentemente, maestra
di vita spirituale per i singoli cristiani. Ben presto i fedeli
cominciarono a guardare a Maria per fare, come lei, della propria vita un culto
a Dio e del loro culto un impegno di vita. Già nel IV secolo, sant'Ambrogio,
parlando ai fedeli, auspicava che in ognuno di essi fosse l'anima di Maria per
glorificare Dio: Dev'essere in ciascuno l'anima di Maria per magnificare
il Signore, dev'essere in ciascuno il suo spirito per esultare in Dio.63 Maria,
però, è soprattutto modello di quel culto che consiste nel fare della propria
vita un'offerta a Dio: dottrina antica, perenne, che ognuno può riascoltare,
ponendo mente all'insegnamento della Chiesa, ma anche porgendo l'orecchio alla
voce stessa della Vergine, allorché essa, anticipando in sé la stupenda domanda
della preghiera del Signore: Sia fatta la tua volontà (Mt 6,10),
rispose al messaggero di Dio: Ecco la serva del Signore: sia fatto di me
secondo la tua parola (Lc 1,38). E il «sì» di Maria è per tutti i
cristiani lezione ed esempio per fare dell'obbedienza alla volontà del Padre la
via e il mezzo della propria santificazione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">22. È importante, d'altra
parte, osservare come la Chiesa traduca i molteplici rapporti che la uniscono a
Maria in vari ed efficaci atteggiamenti cultuali: in venerazione profonda,
quando riflette sulla singolare dignità della Vergine, divenuta, per opera
dello Spirito, madre del Verbo incarnato; in amore ardente, quando considera la
maternità spirituale di Maria verso tutte le membra del Corpo mistico; in
fiduciosa invocazione, quando esperimenta l'intercessione della sua Avvocata e
Ausiliatrice;64 in servizio di amore, quando scorge nell'umile Ancella del
Signore la Regina di misericordia e la Madre di grazia; in operosa imitazione,
quando contempla la santità e le virtù della «piena di grazia» (Lc 1,28);
in commosso stupore, quando vede in lei, come in una immagine purissima,
ciò che essa, tutta, desidera e spera di essere;65 in attento studio,
quando ravvisa nella cooperatrice del Redentore, ormai pienamente partecipe dei
frutti del mistero pasquale, il compimento profetico del suo stesso avvenire,
fino al giorno in cui, purificata da ogni ruga e da ogni macchia (cfrEf 5,27),
diverrà come una sposa ornata per lo sposo, Gesù Cristo (cfr Ap 21,2).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">23. Considerando, dunque,
Fratelli Carissimi, la venerazione che la tradizione liturgica della Chiesa
universale e il rinnovato Rito Romano esprimono verso la santa Madre di Dio;
ricordando che la Liturgia, per il suo preminente valore cultuale, costituisce
una regola d'oro per la pietà cristiana; osservando, infine, come la Chiesa,
quando celebra i sacri misteri, assuma un atteggiamento di fede e di amore
simili a quello della Vergine, comprendiamo quanto sia giusta l'esortazione del
Concilio Vaticano II a tutti i figli della Chiesa, perché promuovano
generosamente il culto, specialmente liturgico, della Beata Vergine:66 esortazione,
che vorremmo vedere dappertutto accolta senza riserve e tradotta in pratica con
zelo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>II. PER IL RINNOVAMENTO<br />
DELLA PIETÀ MARIANA</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">24. Lo stesso Concilio
Vaticano II esorta, poi, a promuovere, accanto al culto liturgico, altre forme
di pietà, soprattutto quelle raccomandate dal Magistero.67 Tuttavia, come
è ben noto, la venerazione dei Fedeli verso la Madre di Dio ha assunto forme
molteplici secondo le circostanze di luogo e di tempo, la diversa sensibilità
dei popoli e la loro differente tradizione culturale. Ne deriva che le forme in
cui tale pietà si è espressa, soggette all'usura del tempo, appaiono bisognose
di un rinnovamento che permetta di sostituire in esse gli elementi caduchi, di
dar valore a quelli perenni e di incorporare i dati dottrinali, acquisiti dalla
riflessione teologica e proposti dal Magistero ecclesiastico. Ciò dimostra la
necessità che le Conferenze Episcopali, le chiese locali, le Famiglie religiose
e le comunità di Fedeli favoriscano una genuina attività creatrice e procedano,
nel medesimo tempo, ad una diligente revisione degli esercizi di pietà verso la
Vergine; revisione, che auspichiamo rispettosa della sana tradizione e aperta
ad accogliere le legittime istanze degli uomini del nostro tempo. Pertanto, ci
sembra opportuno, Venerabili Fratelli, indicarvi alcuni principi secondo cui
bisogna operare in questo campo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>A. Nota trinitaria,
cristologia ed ecclesiale nel culto della Vergine</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">25. È sommamente
conveniente, anzitutto, che gli esercizi di pietà verso la Vergine Maria
esprimano chiaramente la nota trinitaria e cristologica, che in essi è
intrinseca ed essenziale. Il culto cristiano infatti è, per sua natura, culto
al Padre, al Figlio e allo Spirito Santo, o meglio – come si esprime la
Liturgia – al Padre per Cristo nello Spirito. In questa prospettiva, esso
legittimamente si estende, sia pure in modo sostanzialmente diverso, prima di
tutto e in maniera speciale alla Madre del Signore, e poi ai Santi, nei quali
la Chiesa proclama il mistero pasquale, perché essi hanno sofferto con Cristo e
con lui sono stati glorificati.68 Nella Vergine Maria tutto è relativo a
Cristo e tutto da lui dipende: in vista di lui Dio Padre, da tutta l'eternità,
la scelse Madre tutta santa e la ornò di doni dello Spirito, a nessun altro
concessi. Certamente la genuina pietà cristiana non ha mai mancato di mettere
in luce l'indissolubile legame e l'essenziale riferimento della Vergine al
Divin Salvatore.69 Tuttavia, a Noi pare particolarmente conforme
all'indirizzo spirituale della nostra epoca, dominata e assorbita dalla
«questione di Cristo»,70 che nelle espressioni di culto alla Vergine abbia
speciale risalto l'aspetto cristologico e si faccia in modo che esse
rispecchino il piano di Dio, il quale prestabilì con un solo e medesimo
decreto l'origine di Maria e l'incarnazione della divina Sapienza.71 Ciò
concorrerà senza dubbio a rendere più solida la pietà verso la Madre di Gesù e
a farne uno strumento efficace per giungere alla piena conoscenza del
Figlio di Dio, fino a raggiungere la misura della piena statura di Cristo (Ef 4,13);
e contribuirà, d'altra parte, ad accrescere il culto dovuto a Cristo stesso,
poiché, secondo il perenne sentire della Chiesa, autorevolmente ribadito ai
nostri giorni,72 vien riferito al Signore quel che è offerto in servizio
all'Ancella; così ridonda sul Figlio quel che è attribuito alla Madre; (...) così
ricade sul Re l'onore che vien reso in umile tributo alla Regina.73<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">26. A questo accenno
circa l'orientamento cristologico del culto alla Vergine, ci sembra utile far
seguire un richiamo all'opportunità che in esso sia dato adeguato risalto a uno
dei contenuti essenziali della fede: la persona e l'opera dello Spirito Santo.
La riflessione teologica e la Liturgia hanno rivelato, infatti, come
l'intervento santificatore dello Spirito nella Vergine di Nazaret sia stato un
momento culminante della sua azione nella storia della salvezza. Così, ad
esempio, alcuni santi Padri e scrittori ecclesiastici attribuirono all'opera
dello Spirito la santità originale di Maria, da lui quasi plasmata e resa
nuova creatura;74 riflettendo sui testi evangelici – lo Spirito Santo
verrà sopra di te, e la potenza dell'Altissimo ti ricoprirà (Lc 1,35) e Maria (...) si
trovò incinta per virtù dello Spirito Santo; (...) è opera di Spirito Santo,
ciò che in lei si è generato (Mt 1,18. 20) – scorsero nell'intervento
dello Spirito un'azione che consacrò e rese feconda la verginità di Maria75 e
lei trasformò in Palazzo del Re o Talamo del Verbo,76 Tempio
o Tabernacolo del Signore,77 Arca dell'Alleanza o della Santificazione,78 titoli
ricchi di risonanze bibliche. Approfondendo ancora il mistero della
Incarnazione, essi videro nell'arcano rapporto tra Spirito Santo e Maria un
aspetto sponsale, poeticamente ritratto così da Prudenzio: La Vergine non sposata
si sposa allo Spirito79 e la chiamarono Santuario dello Spirito Santo80 espressione
che sottolinea il carattere sacro della Vergine, divenuta stabile dimora dello
Spirito di Dio. Addentrandosi nella dottrina sul Paraclito, avvertirono che da
lui, come da sorgente, erano scaturite la pienezza di grazia (cfr Lc 1,28)
e l'abbondanza di doni che la ornavano: allo Spirito, quindi, attribuirono la
fede, la speranza e la carità che animavano il cuore della Vergine, la forza
che ne sosteneva l'adesione alla volontà di Dio, il vigore che la sorreggeva
nella sua «compassione» ai piedi della Croce;81 segnalarono nel cantico
profetico di Maria (cfr Lc 1,46-55) un particolare influsso di quello
Spirito che aveva parlato per bocca dei profeti.82 Considerando, infine,
la presenza della Madre di Gesù nel cenacolo, dove lo Spirito scese sulla
Chiesa nascente (cfr At 1,12-14; 2,1-4), arricchirono di nuovi
sviluppi l'antico tema Maria-Chiesa,83 e, soprattutto, ricorsero
all'intercessione della Vergine per ottenere dallo Spirito la capacità di
generare Cristo nella propria anima, come attesta sant'Ildefonso in una
supplica, sorprendente per dottrina e per vigore orante: Ti prego, ti
prego, o Vergine santa, che io abbia Gesù da quello Spirito, dal quale tu
stessa hai generato Gesù. Riceva l'anima mia Gesù per opera di quello Spirito,
per il quale la tua carne ha concepito lo stesso Gesù (...). Che io
ami Gesù in quello stesso Spirito, nel quale tu lo adori come Signore e lo
contempli come Figlio.84<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">27. Si afferma, talvolta,
che molti testi della pietà moderna non rispecchiano sufficientemente tutta la
dottrina intorno allo Spirito Santo. Spetta agli studiosi verificare questa
affermazione e valutarne la portata; Nostro compito è quello di esortare tutti,
specialmente i pastori e i teologi, ad approfondire la riflessione sull'azione
dello Spirito nella storia della salvezza, e a far sì che i testi della pietà
cristiana pongano nella dovuta luce la sua azione vivificante. Da tale
approfondimento emergerà in particolare, l'arcano rapporto tra lo Spirito di
Dio e la Vergine di Nazaret e la loro azione sulla Chiesa; e dai contenuti
della fede più profondamente meditati deriverà una pietà più intensamente
vissuta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">28. È necessario, poi,
che gli esercizi di pietà con cui i fedeli esprimono la loro venerazione alla
Madre del Signore, manifestino in modo perspicuo il posto che essa occupa nella
Chiesa: dopo Cristo il più alto e il più vicino a noi;85 un posto che
negli edifici cultuali di Rito Bizantino è plasticamente espresso nella stessa
disposizione dei membri architettonici e degli elementi iconografici – nella
porta centrale dell'iconostasi la raffigurazione dell'Annuncio a Maria,
nell'abside la rappresentazione della Theotócos gloriosa – sì che da
essi risulta manifesto come dal consenso dell'Ancella del Signore l'umanità
inizi il ritorno a Dio e nella gloria della Tuttasanta veda la meta
del suo cammino. Il simbolismo con cui l'edificio della Chiesa esprime il posto
di Maria nel mistero della Chiesa contiene un'indicazione feconda e costituisce
un auspicio perché dappertutto le varie forme di venerazione alla Beata Vergine
si aprano verso prospettive ecclesiali.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Infatti, il richiamo ai
concetti fondamentali esposti dal Concilio Vaticano II circa la natura della
Chiesa, come Famiglia di Dio, Popolo di Dio, Regno di Dio, Corpo mistico
di Cristo,86 permetterà ai fedeli di riconoscere più prontamente la
missione di Maria nel mistero della Chiesa e il suo posto eminente nella
comunione dei Santi; di sentire più intensamente il legame fraterno che unisce
tutti i fedeli, perché figli della Vergine alla cui rigenerazione e
formazione spirituale ella collabora con materno amore87 e figli altresì
della Chiesa, perché noi dal suo parto nasciamo, dal suo latte siamo
nutriti e dal suo Spirito siamo vivificati,88 che ambedue concorrono a
generare il corpo mistico di Cristo: L'una e l'altra è madre di Cristo, ma
nessuna di esse genera tutto (il corpo) senza l'altra;89 di
percepire, infine, più distintamente che l'azione della Chiesa nel mondo è come
un prolungamento della sollecitudine di Maria. Infatti, l'amore operante della
Vergine a Nazaret, nella casa di Elisabetta, a Cana, sul Golgota – tutti
momenti salvifici di vasta portata ecclesiale – trova coerente continuità
nell'ansia materna della Chiesa, perché tutti gli uomini giungano alla
conoscenza della verità (cfr 1Tm 2,4), nella sua cura per gli umili,
i poveri, i deboli, nel suo impegno costante per la pace e per la concordia
sociale, nel suo prodigarsi perché tutti gli uomini abbiano parte alla
salvezza, meritata per loro dalla morte di Cristo. In questo modo l'amore per
la Chiesa si tradurrà in amore per Maria, e viceversa; perché l'una non può
sussistere senza l'altra, come acutamente osserva san Cromazio di
Aquileia: Si riunì la Chiesa nella parte alta (del cenacolo) con Maria,
che era la madre di Gesù, e con i fratelli di lui. Non si può, dunque, parlare
di Chiesa se non vi è presente Maria, la madre del Signore, con i fratelli di
lui.90 Concludendo, ribadiamo la necessità che la venerazione rivolta alla
Beata Vergine renda esplicito il suo intrinseco contenuto ecclesiologico:
questo vorrà dire avvalersi di una forza capace di rinnovare salutarmente forme
e testi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>B. Quattro
orientamenti per il culto della Vergine: biblico, liturgico, ecumenico,
antropologico</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">29. Alle indicazioni
precedenti, che emergono dalla considerazione dei rapporti della Vergine Maria
con Dio – Padre, Figlio e Spirito Santo – e con la Chiesa, vogliamo aggiungere
proseguendo secondo la linea dell'insegnamento conciliare,91 alcuni
orientamenti – biblico, liturgico, ecumenico, antropologico – da tener presenti
nel rivedere o creare esercizi e pratiche di pietà, per rendere più vivo e più
sentito il legame che ci unisce alla madre di Cristo e Madre nostra nella
comunione dei Santi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">30. La necessità di
un'impronta biblica in ogni forma di culto è oggi avvertita come un postulato
generale della pietà cristiana. Il progresso degli studi biblici, la crescente
diffusione delle Sacre Scritture e, soprattutto, l'esempio della tradizione e
l'intima mozione dello Spirito, orientano i cristiani del nostro tempo a
servirsi sempre più della Bibbia come del libro fondamentale di preghiera, ed a
trarre da essa genuina ispirazione e insuperabili modelli. Il culto alla Beata
Vergine non può essere sottratto a questo indirizzo generale della pietà
cristiana92 anzi ad esso deve particolarmente ispirarsi per acquistare
nuovo vigore e sicuro giovamento. La Bibbia, proponendo in modo mirabile il
disegno di Dio per la salvezza degli uomini, è tutta impregnata del mistero del
Salvatore e contiene anche, dalla Genesi all'Apocalisse, non indubbi
riferimenti a colei che del Salvatore fu Madre e cooperatrice. Non vorremmo,
però, che l'impronta biblica si limitasse a un diligente uso di testi e
simboli, sapientemente ricavati dalle Sacre Scritture; essa comporta di più: richiede,
infatti, che dalla bibbia prendano termini e ispirazione le formule di
preghiera e le composizioni destinate al canto; ed esige, soprattutto, che il
culto della Vergine sia permeato dei grandi temi del messaggio cristiano,
affinché, mentre i fedeli venerano colei che è Sede della Sapienza, siano essi
stessi illuminati dalla luce della divina Parola e indotti ad agire secondo i
dettami della Sapienza incarnata.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">31. Della venerazione che
la Chiesa rende alla Madre di Dio nella celebrazione della sacra Liturgia
abbiamo già parlato. Ma ora, trattando delle altre forme di culto e dei criteri
cui esse si devono ispirare, non possiamo non ricordare la norma della
Costituzione <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_it.html">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a>, la quale, mentre raccomanda vivamente i pii esercizi del popolo
cristiano, aggiunge: ...bisogna però che tali esercizi, tenendo conto dei tempi
liturgici, siano ordinati in modo da essere in armonia con la sacra Liturgia,
da essa traggano in qualche modo ispirazione, e ad essa, data la sua natura di
gran lunga superiore, conducano il popolo cristiano.93 Norma saggia, norma
chiara, la cui applicazione non si presenta tuttavia facile, soprattutto nel
campo del culto alla Vergine, così vario nelle sue espressioni formali; essa
richiede, infatti, da parte dei responsabili delle comunità locali sforzo,
tatto pastorale, costanza e, da parte dei fedeli, prontezza ad accogliere orientamenti
e proposte che, derivanti dalla genuina natura del culto cristiano, comportano
talvolta il cambiamento di usi inveterati, nei quali quella natura si era in
qualche modo oscurata.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A questo proposito,
vogliamo accennare a due atteggiamenti che potrebbero render vana nella prassi
pastorale la norma del Concilio Vaticano II: innanzitutto, l'atteggiamento di
alcuni che si occupano di cura d'anime, i quali disprezzando a priori i pii
esercizi, che pure, nelle debite forme, sono raccomandati dal Magistero, li
tralasciano e creano un vuoto che non provvedono a colmare; essi dimenticano
che il Concilio ha detto di armonizzare i pii esercizi con la Liturgia, non di
sopprimerli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In secondo luogo,
l'atteggiamento di altri che, al di fuori di un sano criterio liturgico e
pastorale, uniscono insieme pii esercizi e atti liturgici in celebrazioni ibride.
Avviene talora che nella stessa celebrazione del Sacrificio Eucaristico vengano
inseriti elementi propri di novene o altre pie pratiche, col pericolo che il
memoriale del Signore non costituisca il momento culminante dell'incontro della
comunità cristiana, ma quasi occasione per qualche pratica devozionale. A
quanti agiscono così vorremmo ricordare che la norma conciliare prescrive di
armonizzare i pii esercizi con la liturgia, non di confonderli con essa. Una
azione pastorale illuminata deve da una parte distinguere e sottolineare la
natura propria degli atti liturgici, dall'altra valorizzare i pii esercizi, per
adeguarli alle necessità delle singole comunità ecclesiali e renderli ausiliari
preziosi della Liturgia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">32. Per il suo carattere
ecclesiale, nel culto alla Vergine si rispecchiano le preoccupazioni della
Chiesa stessa, tra cui, ai nostri giorni, spicca l'ansia per la ricomposizione
dell'unità dei cristiani. La pietà verso la Madre del Signore diviene, così,
sensibile alle trepidazioni e agli scopi del Movimento ecumenico, cioè acquista
essa stessa una impronta ecumenica. E questo per vari motivi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Innanzitutto, perché i
fedeli cattolici si uniscono ai fratelli delle Chiese ortodosse, presso le
quali la devozione alla Beata Vergine riveste forme di alto lirismo e di
profonda dottrina, nel venerare con particolare amore la gloriosa Madre di Dio,
e nell'acclamarla Speranza dei Cristiani;94 si uniscono agli Anglicani,
i cui teologi classici già misero in luce la solida base scritturistica del
culto alla Madre di Nostro Signore, e i cui teologi contemporanei sottolineano
maggiormente l'importanza del posto che Maria occupa nella vita cristiana; e si
uniscono ai fratelli delle Chiese della Riforma, nelle quali fiorisce
vigoroso l'amore per le Sacre Scritture, nel glorificare Dio con le parole
stesse della Vergine (cfr Lc 1,46-55). In secondo luogo, perché la
pietà verso la Madre di Cristo e dei cristiani è per i cattolici occasione
naturale e frequente di implorazione, affinché ella interceda presso il Figlio
per l'unione di tutti i battezzati in un solo Popolo di Dio.95 E ancora,
perché è volontà della Chiesa cattolica che in tale culto, senza che ne sia
attenuato il carattere singolare,96 sia evitata con ogni cura qualunque
esagerazione che possa indurre in errore gli altri fratelli cristiani circa la
vera dottrina della Chiesa cattolica,97 e sia bandita ogni manifestazione
cultuale contraria alla retta prassi cattolica. Infine, essendo connaturale al
genuino culto verso la Beata Vergine che mentre è onorata la Madre (...), il
Figlio sia debitamente conosciuto, amato, glorificato,98 esso diventa via
che conduce al Cristo, fonte e centro della comunione ecclesiale, nel quale
quanti apertamente confessano che egli è Dio e Signore, Salvatore e unico
Mediatore (cfr 1 Tm 2,5), sono chiamati ad essere una sola cosa tra
loro, con lui e con il Padre nell'unità dello Spirito Santo.99<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">33. Siamo consapevoli che
esistono non lievi discordanze tra il pensiero di molti fratelli di altre
Chiese e comunità ecclesiali e la dottrina cattolica intorno (...) alla
funzione di Maria nell'opera della salvezza100 e, quindi, intorno al culto
da renderle. Tuttavia, poiché la stessa potenza dell'Altissimo che adombrò la
Vergine di Nazaret (cfr Lc 1,35) agisce nell'odierno Movimento
ecumenico e lo feconda, desideriamo esprimere la Nostra fiducia che la
venerazione verso l'umile Ancella del Signore, nella quale l'onnipotente fece
grandi cose (cfr Lc 1,49), diverrà, sia pur lentamente, non un
ostacolo, ma tramite e punto di incontro per l'unione di tutti i credenti in
Cristo. Ci rallegriamo, infatti, di constatare che una migliore comprensione
del posto di Maria nel mistero di Cristo e della Chiesa, anche da parte dei
fratelli separati, rende più spedito il cammino verso l'incontro. Come a Cana
la Vergine con il suo intervento ottenne che Gesù compisse il primo dei suoi
miracoli (cfr Gv 2,1-12), così nella nostra epoca ella potrà, con la
sua intercessione, propiziare l'avvento dell'ora in cui i discepoli di Cristo
ritroveranno la piena comunione nella fede. E questa nostra speranza è
confortata dall'osservazione del Nostro Predecessore Leone XIII: la causa
dell'unione dei cristiani appartiene specificamente all'ufficio della
spirituale maternità di Maria. Difatti, quelli che sono di Cristo, Maria non li
generò e non poteva generarli se non in un'unica fede e in un unico amore: che
forse «è diviso il Cristo?» (1 Cor 1,13); dobbiamo, invece,
tutti insieme vivere la vita del Cristo, per poter in un unico e medesimo corpo
fruttificare per Iddio (Rm 7,4).101<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">34. Nel culto alla
Vergine si devono tenere in attenta considerazione anche le acquisizioni sicure
e comprovate delle scienze umane, perché ciò concorrerà ad eliminare una delle
cause del disagio che si avverte nel campo del culto alla Madre del Signore: il
divario, cioè, tra certi suoi contenuti e le odierne concezioni antropologiche
e la realtà psicosociologica, profondamente mutata, in cui gli uomini del
nostro tempo vivono ed operano. Si osserva, infatti, che è difficile inquadrare
l'immagine della Vergine, quale risulta da certa letteratura devozionale, nelle
condizioni di vita della società contemporanea e, in particolare, di quelle
della donna, sia nell'ambiente domestico, dove le leggi e l'evoluzione del
costume tendono giustamente a riconoscerle l'uguaglianza e la corresponsabilità
con l'uomo nella direzione della vita familiare; sia nel campo politico, dove
essa ha conquistato in molti paesi un potere di intervento nella cosa pubblica
pari a quello dell'uomo; sia nel campo sociale, dove svolge la sua attività in
molteplici settori operativi, lasciando ogni giorno di più l'ambiente ristretto
del focolare; sia nel campo culturale, dove le sono offerte nuove possibilità
di ricerca scientifica e di affermazione intellettuale.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ne consegue presso taluni
una certa disaffezione verso il culto alla Vergine e una certa difficoltà a prendere
Maria di Nazaret come modello, perché gli orizzonti della sua vita – si afferma
– risultano ristretti in confronto alle vaste zone di attività in cui l'uomo
contemporaneo è chiamato ad agire. A questo proposito, mentre esortiamo i
teologi, i responsabili delle comunità cristiane e gli stessi Fedeli a dedicare
la dovuta attenzione a tali problemi, Ci sembra utile offrire, Noi pure, un
contributo alla loro soluzione, facendo alcune osservazioni.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">35. Innanzitutto, la
Vergine Maria è stata sempre proposta dalla Chiesa alla imitazione dei fedeli
non precisamente per il tipo di vita che condusse e, tanto meno, per l'ambiente
socioculturale in cui essa si svolse, oggi quasi dappertutto superato; ma
perché, nella sua condizione concreta di vita, ella aderì totalmente e
responsabilmente alla volontà di Dio (cfr Lc 1,38); perché ne accolse
la parola e la mise in pratica; perché la sua azione fu animata dalla carità e
dallo spirito di servizio; perché, insomma, fu la prima e la più perfetta
seguace di Cristo: il che ha un valore esemplare, universale e permanente.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">36. In secondo luogo,
vorremmo notare che le difficoltà sopra accennate sono in stretta connessione
con alcuni connotati dell'immagine popolare e letteraria di Maria, non con la
sua immagine evangelica, né con i dati dottrinali precisati nel lento e serio
lavoro di esplicitazione della parola rivelata. Si deve ritenere, anzi, normale
che le generazioni cristiane, succedutesi in quadri socio-culturali diversi, al
contemplare la figura e la missione di Maria –quale nuova Donna e perfetta
Cristiana che riassume in sé le situazioni più caratteristiche della vita
femminile perché Vergine, Sposa, Madre –, abbiano ritenuto la Madre di Gesù
tipo eminente della condizione femminile e modello chiarissimo di vita evangelica,
ed abbiano espresso questi loro sentimenti secondo le categorie e le
raffigurazioni proprie della loro epoca. La Chiesa, quando considera la lunga
storia della pietà mariana, si rallegra constatando la continuità del fatto
cultuale, ma non si lega agli schemi rappresentativi delle varie epoche
culturali né alle particolari concezioni antropologiche che stanno alla loro
base, e comprende come talune espressioni di culto, perfettamente valide in se
stesse, siano meno adatte a uomini che appartengono ad epoche e civiltà
diverse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">37. Desideriamo, infine,
rilevare che la nostra epoca, non diversamente dalle precedenti, è chiamata a
verificare la propria cognizione della realtà con la parola di Dio e, per
limitarci al nostro argomento, a confrontare le sue concezioni antropologiche e
i problemi che ne derivano con la figura della Vergine Maria, quale è proposta
dal Vangelo. La lettura delle divine Scritture, compiuta sotto l'influsso dello
Spirito Santo e tenendo presenti le acquisizioni delle scienze umane e le varie
situazioni del mondo contemporaneo, porterà a scoprire come Maria possa essere
considerata modello di quelle realtà che costituiscono l'aspettativa degli
uomini del nostro tempo. Così, per dare qualche esempio, la donna
contemporanea, desiderosa di partecipare con potere decisionale alle scelte
della comunità, contemplerà con intima gioia Maria che, assunta al dialogo con
Dio, dà il suo consenso attivo e responsabile102 non alla soluzione di un
problema contingente, ma a quell'opera di secoli, come è stata giustamente
chiamata l'incarnazione del Verbo;103 si renderà conto che la scelta dello
stato verginale da parte di Maria, che nel disegno di Dio la disponeva al
mistero dell'Incarnazione, non fu atto di chiusura ad alcuno dei valori dello
stato matrimoniale, ma costituì una scelta coraggiosa, compiuta per consacrarsi
totalmente all'amore di Dio. Così constaterà con lieta sorpresa che Maria di
Nazaret, pur completamente abbandonata alla volontà del Signore, fu tutt'altro
che donna passivamente remissiva o di una religiosità alienante, ma donna che
non dubitò di proclamare che Dio è vindice degli umili e degli oppressi e
rovescia dai loro troni i potenti del mondo (cfr Lc 1,51-53); e
riconoscerà in Maria, che primeggia tra gli umili e i poveri del Signore,104 una
donna forte, che conobbe povertà e sofferenza, fuga ed esilio (cfr Mt 2,13-23):
situazioni che non possono sfuggire all'attenzione di chi vuole assecondare con
spirito evangelico le energie liberatrici dell'uomo e della società; e non le
apparirà Maria come una madre gelosamente ripiegata sul proprio Figlio divino,
ma donna che con la sua azione favorì la fede della comunità apostolica in
Cristo (cfr Gv 2,1-12) e la cui funzione materna si dilatò, assumendo
sul Calvario dimensioni universali.105 Non sono che esempi, dai quali
appare chiaro come la figura della Vergine non deluda alcune attese profonde
degli uomini del nostro tempo ed offra ad essi il modello compiuto del
discepolo del Signore: artefice della città terrena e temporale, ma pellegrino
solerte verso quella celeste ed eterna; promotore della giustizia che libera
l'oppresso e della carità che soccorre il bisognoso, ma soprattutto testimone
operoso dell'amore che edifica Cristo nei cuori.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">38. Dopo aver offerto
queste direttive, ordinate a favorire lo sviluppo armonico del culto alla Madre
del Signore, riteniamo opportuno richiamare l'attenzione su alcuni
atteggiamenti cultuali erronei. Il Concilio Vaticano II ha già autorevolmente
denunziato sia l'esagerazione di contenuti o di forme che giunge a falsare la
dottrina, sia la grettezza di mente che oscura la figura e la missione di
Maria; nonché alcune deviazioni cultuali: la vana credulità, che al serio
impegno sostituisce il facile affidamento a pratiche solo esteriori; lo sterile
e fugace moto del sentimento, così alieno dallo stile del Vangelo, che esige
opera perseverante e concreta.106 Noi ne rinnoviamo la deplorazione: non
sono forme in armonia con la fede cattolica e, pertanto, non devono esistere
nel culto cattolico. La vigile difesa da questi errori e deviazioni renderà il
culto alla Vergine più vigoroso e genuino: solido nel suo fondamento, per cui
in esso lo studio delle fonti rivelate e l'attenzione ai documenti del
Magistero prevarranno sulla ricerca esagerata di novità o di fatti
straordinari; obiettivo nell'inquadramento storico, per cui dovrà essere
eliminato tutto ciò che è manifestamente leggendario o falso; adeguato al
contenuto dottrinale, donde la necessità di evitare presentazioni unilaterali
della figura di Maria, le quali, insistendo più del dovuto su un elemento,
compromettono l'insieme dell'immagine evangelica; limpido nelle sue
motivazioni, per cui con diligente cura sarà tenuto lontano dal santuario ogni
meschino interesse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">39. Infine, qualora ve ne
fosse bisogno, vorremmo ribadire che lo scopo ultimo del culto alla Beata
Vergine è di glorificare Dio e di impegnare i cristiani ad una vita del tutto
conforme alla sua volontà. I figli della Chiesa, infatti, quando, unendo le
loro voci alla voce della donna anonima del Vangelo, glorificano la Madre di
Gesù, esclamando, rivolti a Gesù stesso: Beato il seno che ti ha formato,
e le mammelle che tu hai succhiato! (Lc 11,27), saranno indotti a
considerare la grave risposta del divin Maestro: Beati piuttosto coloro
che ascoltano la parola di Dio e la mettono in pratica (Lc 11,28). E
questa risposta, se risulta essa stessa viva lode per la Vergine Maria, come
interpretarono alcuni santi Padri107 e il Concilio Vaticano II ha
confermato,108 suona pure per noi ammonimento a vivere secondo i
comandamenti di Dio ed è come eco di altri richiami dello stesso divin
Salvatore: Non chiunque mi dice: Signore, Signore! entrerà nel regno dei
cieli; ma colui che fa la volontà del Padre mio che è nei cieli (Mt 7,21);
e: Voi siete amici miei, se farete ciò che io vi comando (Gv 15,14).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>III. INDICAZIONE CIRCA I
PII ESERCIZI<br />
DELL'ANGELUS DOMINI<br />
E DEL SANTO ROSARIO</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">40. Abbiamo indicato
alcuni principi, atti a dare nuovo vigore al culto della Madre del Signore; ora
è compito delle Conferenze Episcopali, dei responsabili delle comunità locali,
delle varie Famiglie religiose, restaurare sapientemente pratiche ed esercizi
di venerazione verso la Beata Vergine, assecondare l'impulso creativo di
quanti, per genuina ispirazione religiosa o per sensibilità pastorale,
desiderano dare vita a nuove forme. Tuttavia, Ci sembra opportuno, sia pure per
motivi diversi, trattare di due pii esercizi, molto diffusi in Occidente e dei
quali questa Sede Apostolica si è occupata in varie occasioni: l'Angelus
Domini e il Rosario o Corona della Beata Vergine
Maria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>L'Angelus Domini</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">41. La Nostra parola
sull'Angelus Domini vuole essere solo una semplice, ma viva esortazione a
mantenere consueta la recita, dove e quando sia possibile. Tale preghiera non
ha bisogno di restauro: la struttura semplice, il carattere biblico, l'origine
storica, che la collega alla invocazione dell'incolumità nella pace, il ritmo
quasi liturgico, che santifica momenti diversi della giornata, l'apertura verso
il mistero pasquale, per cui, mentre commemoriamo l'Incarnazione del Figlio di
Dio, chiediamo di essere condotti per la sua passione e la sua croce alla
gloria della risurrezione,109 fanno sì che essa, a distanza di secoli,
conservi inalterato il suo valore e intatta la sua freschezza. È vero che
alcune usanze, tradizionalmente collegate con la recita dell'Angelus Domini,
sono scomparse o difficilmente possono continuare nella vita moderna; ma si
tratta di elementi marginali. Immutati restano il valore della contemplazione
del mistero dell'Incarnazione del Verbo, del saluto alla Vergine e del ricorso
alla sua misericordiosa intercessione; e, nonostante le mutate condizioni dei
tempi, invariati permangono per la maggior parte degli uomini quei momenti
caratteristici della giornata – mattino, mezzogiorno, sera –, i quali segnano i
tempi della loro attività e costituiscono invito ad una pausa di preghiera.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Indicazioni per il
«Rosario»</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">42. Vogliamo ora,
Fratelli Carissimi, soffermarCi alquanto sul rinnovamento di quel pio
esercizio, che è stato chiamato il Compendio di tutto quanto il Vangelo:110 la Corona della
Beata Vergine Maria, il Rosario. Ad essa i Nostri Predecessori hanno
dedicato vigile attenzione e premurosa sollecitudine: ne hanno più volte
raccomandata la recita frequente, favorita la diffusione, illustrata la natura,
riconosciuta l'attitudine a sviluppare una preghiera contemplativa, che è
insieme di lode e di supplica, ricordata la connaturale efficacia nel
promuovere la vita cristiana e l'impegno apostolico. Anche noi, fin dalla prima
udienza generale del Nostro pontificato (13 luglio 1963), abbiamo dimostrato la
Nostra grande stima per la pia pratica del Rosario,111 e in seguito
ne abbiamo sottolineato il valore in molteplici circostanze, ordinarie alcune,
gravi altre, come quando, in un'ora di angoscia e di insicurezza, pubblicammo
l'Epistola Enciclica <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_15091966_christi-matri.html">Christi
Matri</a> (15 settembre 1966), perché fossero rivolte supplici preghiere
alla Beata Vergine del Rosario, per implorare da Dio il bene supremo della
pace;112 appello che abbiamo rinnovato nella Nostra Esortazione Apostolica <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19691007_recurrens-mensis-october.html">Recurrens
mensis October</a> (1 ottobre 1969), nella quale commemoravamo il quarto
centenario della Lettera Apostolica Consueverunt Romani Pontifices del
Nostro Predecessore san Pio V, che in essa illustrò e, in qualche modo, definì
la forma tradizionale del Rosario.113<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">43. Il Nostro assiduo
interesse verso il tanto caro Rosario della Beata Vergine Maria Ci ha
spinto a seguire molto attentamente i numerosi convegni, dedicati in questi
ultimi anni alla pastorale del Rosario nel mondo contemporaneo: convegni
promossi da Associazioni e da persone che hanno profondamente a cuore la devozione
del Rosario, ed ai quali hanno partecipato Vescovi, presbiteri, religiosi
e laici di provata esperienza e di accreditato senso ecclesiale. Tra questi è
giusto ricordare i Figli di san Domenico, per tradizione custodi e propagatori
di così salutare devozione. Ai lavori dei convegni si sono affiancate le
ricerche degli storici, condotte non per definire con intenti quasi
archeologici la forma primitiva del Rosario, ma per coglierne l'intuizione
originaria, l'energia primigenia, la essenziale struttura. Da tali convegni e
ricerche sono emerse più nitidamente le caratteristiche fondamentali del Rosario,
i suoi elementi essenziali e il loro mutuo rapporto.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">44. Così, per esempio, è
apparsa in più valida luce l'indole evangelica del Rosario, in quanto dal
Vangelo esso trae l'enunciato dei misteri e le principali formule; al Vangelo
si ispira per suggerire, movendo dal gioioso saluto dell'Angelo e dal religioso
assenso della Vergine, l'atteggiamento con cui il fedele deve recitarlo; e del
Vangelo ripropone, nel susseguirsi armonioso delle Ave Maria, un mistero
fondamentale – l'Incarnazione del Verbo – contemplato nel momento decisivo
dell'annuncio fatto a Maria. Preghiera evangelica è, dunque, il Rosario,
come oggi forse più che nel passato amano definirlo i pastori e gli studiosi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">45. È stato, altresì,
compreso più facilmente come l'ordinato e graduale svolgimento del Rosario rifletta
il modo stesso con cui il Verbo di Dio, inserendosi per misericordiosa
determinazione nella vicenda umana, ha operato la redenzione: di essa il
rosario considera, infatti, in ordinata successione i principali eventi
salvifici che si sono compiuti in Cristo: dalla concezione verginale e dai
misteri dell'infanzia fino ai momenti culminanti della Pasqua – la beata
Passione e la gloriosa Risurrezione – ed agli effetti che essa ebbe sia sulla
Chiesa nascente nel giorno di Pentecoste, sia sulla Vergine Maria nel giorno in
cui, dopo l'esilio terreno, ella fu assunta in corpo e anima alla patria
celeste. Ed è stato ancora osservato come la triplice partizione dei misteri
del Rosario non solo aderisca strettamente all'ordine cronologico dei
fatti, ma soprattutto rifletta lo schema del primitivo annuncio della fede e
riproponga il mistero di Cristo nel modo stesso in cui è visto da san Paolo nel
celebre inno della Lettera ai Filippesi: umiliazione, morte, esaltazione (Fil 2,6-11).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">46. Preghiera evangelica,
incentrata nel mistero dell'Incarnazione redentrice, il Rosario è,
dunque, preghiera di orientamento nettamente cristologico. Infatti, il suo
elemento caratteristico – la ripetizione litanica del Rallegrati,
Maria – diviene anch'esso lode incessante a Cristo, termine ultimo
dell'annuncio dell'Angelo e del saluto della madre del Battista: Benedetto
il frutto del tuo seno (Lc 1,42). Diremo di più: la ripetizione dell'Ave,
Maria costituisce l'ordito, sul quale si sviluppa la contemplazione dei
misteri: il Gesù che ogni Ave, Maria richiama, è quello stesso che la
successione dei misteri ci propone, di volta in volta, Figlio di Dio e della
Vergine, nato in una grotta di Betlemme; presentato dalla madre al tempio;
giovinetto pieno di zelo per le cose del Padre suo; Redentore agonizzante
nell'orto; flagellato e coronato di spine; carico della croce e morente sul
Calvario; risorto da morte e asceso alla gloria del Padre, per effondere il
dono dello Spirito. È noto che, appunto per favorire la contemplazione e far
corrispondere la mente alla voce, si usava un tempo – e la consuetudine si è
conservata in varie regioni – aggiungere al nome di Gesù, in ogni «Ave Maria»,
una clausola che richiamasse il mistero enunciato.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">47. Si è pure sentita con
maggiore urgenza la necessità di ribadire, accanto al valore dell'elemento
della lode e dell'implorazione, l'importanza di un altro elemento essenziale
del Rosario: la contemplazione. Senza di essa il Rosario è corpo senza
anima, e la sua recita rischia di divenire meccanica ripetizione di formule e
di contraddire all'ammonimento di Gesù: Quando pregate, non siate
ciarlieri come i pagani, che credono di essere esauditi in ragione della loro
loquacità (Mt 6,7). Per sua natura la recita del Rosario esige
un ritmo tranquillo e quasi un indugio pensoso, che favoriscano all'orante la
meditazione dei misteri della vita del Signore, visti attraverso il cuore di
colei che al Signore fu più vicina, e ne dischiudano le insondabili ricchezze.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">48. Dalla riflessione
contemporanea sono stati, infine, compresi con maggior precisione i rapporti
intercorrenti tra Liturgia e Rosario. Da una parte, è stato sottolineato
come il Rosario sia quasi un virgulto germogliato sul tronco secolare
della Liturgia cristiana, vero «Salterio della Vergine», per il quale gli umili
venivano associati al cantico di lode ed alla universale intercessione della
Chiesa; dall'altra, è stato osservato che ciò è avvenuto in un'epoca – il
declino del Medioevo –, in cui lo spirito liturgico era in decadenza e si
verificava un certo allontanamento dei Fedeli dalla Liturgia in favore di una devozione
sensibile verso l'umanità di Cristo e verso la Beata Vergine Maria. Se in tempi
non lontani poté sorgere nell'animo di alcuni il desiderio di vedere annoverato
il Rosario tra le espressioni liturgiche ed in altri, per la
preoccupazione di evitare errori pastorali del passato, una ingiustificata
disattenzione verso il medesimo rosario, oggi il problema si può facilmente
risolvere alla luce dei principi della Costituzione <a href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_it.html">Sacrosanctum
Concilium</a>: le celebrazioni liturgiche e il pio esercizio del Rosario non
si devono né contrapporre né equiparare.114 Ogni espressione di preghiera
riesce tanto più feconda, quanto più conserva la sua vera natura e la
fisionomia che le è propria. Riaffermato quindi il valore preminente delle
azioni liturgiche, non sarà difficile riconoscere come il Rosario sia
un pio esercizio che si accorda facilmente con la sacra Liturgia. Come la Liturgia,
infatti, esso ha un'indole comunitaria, si nutre della Sacra Scrittura e
gravita intorno al mistero di Cristo. Sia pure su piani di realtà
essenzialmente diversi, l'anamnesi della Liturgia e la memoria contemplativa
del Rosario hanno per oggetto i medesimi eventi salvifici compiuti da Cristo.
La prima rende presenti, sotto il velo dei segni ed operanti in modo arcano, i
più grandi misteri della nostra Redenzione; la seconda, con il pio affetto
della contemplazione, rievoca quegli stessi misteri alla mente dell'orante e ne
stimola la volontà perché da essi attinga norme di vita. Stabilita questa
sostanziale differenza, non è difficile comprendere come il rosario sia un pio
esercizio che dalla Liturgia ha tratto motivo e, se praticato secondo la ispirazione
originaria, ad essa naturalmente conduce, pur senza varcarne la soglia.
Infatti, la meditazione dei misteri del Rosario, rendendo familiari alla mente
e al cuore dei fedeli i misteri del Cristo, può costituire un'ottima
preparazione alla celebrazione di essi nell'azione liturgica e divenirne poi
eco prolungata. È, tuttavia, un errore, purtroppo ancora presente in qualche
luogo, recitare il Rosario durante l'azione liturgica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">49. La Corona della
Beata Vergine Maria, secondo la tradizione accolta dal Nostro Predecessore san
Pio V e da lui autorevolmente proposta, consta di vari elementi, organicamente
disposti:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">a) la contemplazione in
comunione con Maria di una serie di misteri della salvezza, sapientemente
distribuiti in tre cicli, che esprimono il gaudio dei tempi messianici, il
dolore salvifico di Cristo, la gloria del Risorto che inonda la Chiesa;
contemplazione che, per sua natura, conduce a pratica riflessione e suscita
stimolanti norme di vita;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">b) l'orazione del
Signore, o Padre nostro, che per il suo immenso valore è alla base della
preghiera cristiana e la nobilita nelle sue varie espressioni;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">c) la successione
litanica dell'Ave, Maria, che risulta composta dal saluto dell'angelo alla
Vergine (cfr Lc 1,28) e dal benedicente ossequio di Elisabetta
(cfr Lc 1,42), a cui segue la supplica ecclesiale Santa Maria.
La serie continuata delle Ave, Maria è caratteristica peculiare del Rosario,
e il loro numero, nella forma tipica e plenaria di centocinquanta, presenta una
certa analogia con il Salterio ed è un dato risalente all'origine stessa del
pio esercizio. Ma tale numero, secondo una comprovata consuetudine, diviso in
decadi annesse ai singoli misteri, si distribuisce nei tre cicli anzidetti,
dando luogo alla Corona di cinquanta Ave, Maria, la quale è
entrata nell'uso come misura normale del medesimo esercizio e, come tale, è
stata adottata dalla pietà popolare e sancita dai Sommi Pontefici, che la
arricchirono anche di numerose indulgenze;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">d) la dossologia Gloria
al Padre che, conformemente ad un orientamento comune alla pietà
cristiana, chiude la preghiera con la glorificazione di Dio, Uno e Trino, dal
quale, per il quale e nel quale sono tutte le cose (cfr Rm 11,36).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">50. Questi sono gli
elementi del santo Rosario. Ognuno di essi ha la sua indole propria che,
saggiamente compresa e valutata, deve riflettersi nella recita, perché il Rosario possa
esprimere tutta la sua ricchezza e varietà. Detta recita, pertanto, diventerà
grave e implorante nell'orazione del Signore; lirica e laudativa nel calmo
fluire delle Ave, Maria; contemplativa nell'attenta riflessione intorno ai
misteri; adorante nella dossologia. E ciò deve avvenire nelle varie forme, in
cui si è soliti recitare il Rosario: o privatamente, quando l'orante si
raccoglie nell'intimità con il suo Signore; o comunitariamente, in famiglia o
tra fedeli riuniti in gruppo, per creare le condizioni di una particolare
presenza del Signore (cfr Mt 18,20); o pubblicamente, cioè in
assemblee nelle quali è convocata la comunità ecclesiale.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">51. In tempi recenti sono
stati creati alcuni pii esercizi, che traggono ispirazione dal Rosario.
Tra essi, desideriamo indicare e raccomandare quelli che inseriscono nello
schema consueto delle celebrazioni della parola di Dio alcuni elementi del Rosario della
Beata Vergine, quali la meditazione dei misteri e la ripetizione litanica del
saluto angelico. Tali elementi acquistano così maggior risalto, essendo
inquadrati nella lettura di testi biblici, illustrati con l'omelia, circondati
da pause di silenzio, sottolineati con il canto. Ci rallegra sapere che tali
esercizi hanno contribuito a far comprendere più compiutamente le ricchezze
spirituali del Rosario stesso ed a rivalutarne la pratica presso
associazioni e movimenti giovanili.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">52. Vogliamo ora, in
continuità di intendimenti con i Nostri Predecessori, raccomandare vivamente la
recita del Rosario in famiglia. Il Concilio Vaticano II ha messo in
luce come la famiglia, cellula prima e vitale della società, grazie
all'amore scambievole dei suoi membri e alla preghiera a Dio elevata in comune,
si riveli come il santuario domestico della Chiesa.115 La famiglia
cristiana, quindi, si presenta come una Chiesa domestica,116 se i suoi
membri, ciascuno nell'ambito e nei compiti che gli sono propri, tutti insieme
promuovono la giustizia, praticano le opere di misericordia, si dedicano al
servizio dei fratelli, prendono parte all'apostolato della più vasta comunità
locale e si inseriscono nel suo culto liturgico;117 ed ancora, se
innalzano in comune supplici preghiere a Dio: che, se non ci fosse questo
elemento, le verrebbe a mancare il carattere stesso di famiglia cristiana.
Perciò, al recupero della nozione teologica della famiglia come Chiesa
domestica, deve coerentemente seguire un concreto sforzo per instaurare nella
vita familiare la preghiera in comune.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">53. Conformemente alle
direttive conciliari, i Principi e Norme per la Liturgia delle Ore giustamente
annoverano il nucleo familiare tra i gruppi, a cui si addice la celebrazione in
comune dell'ufficio divino: È cosa lodevole (...) che la
famiglia, santuario domestico della Chiesa, oltre alle comuni preghiere celebri
anche, secondo l'opportunità, qualche parte della Liturgia delle Ore,
inserendosi così più intimamente nella Chiesa.118 Nulla deve essere
lasciato intentato, perché questa chiara e pratica indicazione trovi nelle
famiglie cristiane crescente e gioiosa applicazione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">54. Ma, dopo la
celebrazione della Liturgia delle Ore – culmine a cui può giungere la preghiera
domestica –, non v'è dubbio che la Corona della Beata Vergine Maria sia da
ritenere come una delle più eccellenti ed efficaci «preghiere in comune», che
la famiglia cristiana è invitata a recitare. Noi amiamo, infatti, pensare e
vivamente auspichiamo che, quando l'incontro familiare diventa tempo di preghiera,
il Rosario ne sia espressione frequente e gradita. Siamo ben
consapevoli che le mutate condizioni della vita degli uomini non favoriscono,
ai nostri giorni, la possibilità di riunione tra familiari e che, anche quando
ciò avviene, non poche circostanze rendono difficile trasformare l'incontro
della famiglia in occasione di preghiera. È cosa difficile, senza dubbio. Ma è
pur caratteristico dell'agire cristiano non arrendersi ai condizionamenti
ambientali, ma superarli; non soccombere, ma elevarsi. Perciò, le famiglie che
vogliono vivere in pienezza la vocazione e la spiritualità propria della
famiglia cristiana, devono dispiegare ogni energia per eliminare tutto ciò che
ostacola gli incontri in famiglia e le preghiere in comune.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">55. Concludendo queste
osservazioni, testimonianza della sollecitudine e della stima di questa Sede
Apostolica per il Rosario mariano, vogliamo raccomandare, tuttavia,
che nel diffondere così salutare devozione non ne vengano alterate le
proporzioni, né essa sia presentata con inopportuno esclusivismo; il Rosario è
preghiera eccellente, nei riguardi della quale però il fedele deve sentirsi
serenamente libero, sollecitato a recitarlo, in composta tranquillità, dalla
sua intrinseca bellezza.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CONCLUSIONE:<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>VALORE TEOLOGICO E
PASTORALE<br />
DEL CULTO DELLA VERGINE MARIA</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">56. Venerabili Fratelli,
al termine di questa Nostra Esortazione Apostolica desideriamo sottolineare in
sintesi il valore teologico del culto alla Vergine e ricordare brevemente la
sua efficacia pastorale per il rinnovamento del costume cristiano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La pietà della Chiesa
verso la Vergine Maria è elemento intrinseco del culto cristiano. La
venerazione che la Chiesa ha reso alla Madre di Dio in ogni luogo e in ogni
tempo – dal saluto benedicente di Elisabetta (cfr Lc 1,42-45) alle
espressioni di lode e di supplica della nostra epoca – costituisce una
validissima testimonianza che la norma di preghiera della Chiesa è un invito a
ravvivare nelle coscienze la sua norma di fede. E, viceversa, la norma di fede
della Chiesa richiede che, dappertutto, si sviluppi rigogliosa la sua norma di
preghiera nei confronti della Madre del Cristo. Tale culto alla Vergine ha
radici profonde nella parola rivelata e insieme solidi fondamenti dogmatici: la
singolare dignità di Maria, Madre del Figlio di Dio e, perciò, figlia
prediletta del Padre e tempio dello Spirito Santo; per il quale dono di grazia
straordinaria precede di gran lunga tutte le altre creature, celesti e
terrestri;119 la sua cooperazione nei momenti decisivi dell'opera della
salvezza, compiuta dal Figlio; la sua santità, già piena nella concezione
immacolata e pur crescente via via che ella aderiva alla volontà del Padre e
percorreva la via della sofferenza (cfr Lc 2,34-35; 2,41-52; Gv 19,25-21),
progredendo costantemente nella fede, nella speranza e nella carità; la sua
missione e condizione unica nel Popolo di Dio, del quale è insieme membro
eccellentissimo, modello chiarissimo e Madre amorosissima; la sua incessante ed
efficace intercessione per la quale, pur assunta in cielo, è vicinissima ai
fedeli che la supplicano ed anche a coloro che ignorano di esserne figli; la
sua gloria, che nobilita tutto il genere umano, come mirabilmente espresse il
poeta Dante: Tu se' colei che l'umana natura / nobilitasti sì, ch'el suo
fattore / non disdegnò di farsi sua fattura.120 Maria, infatti, è detta
nostra stirpe, vera figlia di Eva, benché esente dalla colpa di questa madre, e
vera nostra sorella, la quale ha condiviso pienamente, donna umile e povera, la
nostra condizione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aggiungiamo che il culto
alla Beata Vergine ha la sua ragione ultima nell'insondabile e libera volontà
di Dio, il quale, essendo eterna e divina carità (cfr 1 Gv 4,7-8.
16), tutto compie secondo un disegno di amore: egli l'amò ed in lei operò
grandi cose (cfr Lc 1,49); l'amò per se stesso e l'amò anche per noi;
la donò a se stesso e la donò anche a noi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">57. Cristo è la sola via
al Padre (cfr Gv 14,4-11). Cristo è il modello supremo al quale il
discepolo deve conformare la propria condotta (cfr Gv 13,15), fino ad
avere gli stessi suoi sentimenti (cfr Fil 2,5), vivere della sua vita
e possedere il suo Spirito (cfr Gal 2,20; Rm 8,10-11):
questo la Chiesa ha insegnato in ogni tempo e nulla, nell'azione pastorale,
deve oscurare questa dottrina. Ma la Chiesa, edotta dallo Spirito e ammaestrata
da una secolare esperienza, riconosce che anche la pietà verso la Beata
Vergine, subordinatamente alla pietà verso il Divin Salvatore ed in connessione
con essa, ha una grande efficacia pastorale e costituisce una forza
rinnovatrice del costume cristiano. La ragione di tale efficacia è facilmente
intuibile. Infatti la molteplice missione di Maria verso il Popolo di Dio è
realtà soprannaturale operante e feconda nell'organismo ecclesiale. E rallegra
considerare i singoli aspetti di tale missione e vedere come essi siano
orientati, ciascuno con propria efficacia, verso il medesimo fine: riprodurre
nei figli i lineamenti spirituali del Figlio primogenito. Vogliamo dire che la
materna intercessione della Vergine, la sua santità esemplare, la grazia
divina, che è in lei, diventano per il genere umano argomento di speranze
superne.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La missione materna della
Vergine spinge il Popolo di Dio a rivolgersi con filiale fiducia a colei, che è
sempre pronta ad esaudirlo con affetto di madre e con efficace soccorso di
ausiliatrice.121 Esso, pertanto, è solito invocarla come Consolatrice
degli afflitti, Salute degli infermi, Rifugio dei peccatori, per aver nella
tribolazione conforto, nella malattia sollievo, nella colpa forza liberatrice;
perché ella, che è libera dal peccato, a questo conduce i suoi figli: a
debellare con energica risoluzione il peccato.122 E tale liberazione dal
peccato e dal male (cfr Mt 6,13) è – occorre riaffermarlo – la
premessa necessaria per ogni rinnovamento del costume cristiano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La santità esemplare
della Vergine muove i Fedeli ad innalzare gli occhi a Maria, la quale
rifulge come modello di virtù davanti a tutta la comunità degli eletti.123 Si
tratta di virtù solide, evangeliche: la fede e l'accoglienza docile della
Parola di Dio (cfr Lc 1,26-38; 1,45; 11,27-28; Gv 2,5); l'obbedienza
generosa (cfr Lc 1,38); l'umiltà schietta (cfr Lc 1,48); la
carità sollecita (cfr Lc 1,39-56); la sapienza riflessiva (cfr Lc 1,29-34;
2,19. 33. 51); la pietà verso Dio, alacre nell'adempimento dei doveri religiosi
(cfr Lc 2,21. 22-40. 41), riconoscente dei doni ricevuti (cfr Lc 1,46-49),
offerente nel tempio (cfr Lc 1,22-24), orante nella comunità
apostolica (cfr At 1,12-14); la fortezza nell'esilio (cfr Mt 2,13-23),
nel dolore (cfrLc 2,34-35. 49; Gv 19,25); la povertà dignitosa e
fidente in Dio (cfr Lc 1,48; 2,24); la vigile premura verso il
Figlio, dall'umiliazione della culla fino all'ignominia della croce (cfr Lc 2,1-7; Gv 19,25-27),
la delicatezza previdente (cfr Gv 2,1- 11); la purezza verginale
(cfr Mt 1,18-25; Lc 1,26- 38); il forte e casto amore
sponsale. Di queste virtù della Madre si orneranno i figli, che con tenace
proposito guardano i suoi esempi, per riprodurli nella propria vita. Tale
progresso nella virtù apparirà conseguenza e già frutto maturo di quella forza
pastorale che scaturisce dal culto reso alla Vergine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La pietà verso la Madre
del Signore diviene per il fedele occasione di crescita nella grazia divina:
scopo ultimo, questo, di ogni azione pastorale. Perché è impossibile onorare la Piena
di grazia senza onorare in se stessi lo stato di grazia, cioè l'amicizia
con Dio, la comunione con lui, l'inabitazione dello Spirito. Questa grazia
divina investe tutto l'uomo e lo rende conforme all'immagine del figlio di Dio
(cfr Rm 8,29; Col 1,18). La Chiesa cattolica, basandosi
sull'esperienza di secoli, riconosce nella devozione alla Vergine un aiuto
potente per l'uomo in cammino verso la conquista della sua pienezza. Ella, la
Donna nuova, è accanto a Cristo, l'Uomo nuovo, nel cui mistero solamente trova
vera luce il mistero dell'uomo,124 e vi è come pegno e garanzia che in una
pura creatura, cioè in lei, si è già avverato il progetto di Dio, in Cristo,
per la salvezza di tutto l'uomo. All'uomo contemporaneo, non di rado tormentato
tra l'angoscia e la speranza, prostrato dal senso dei suoi limiti e assalito da
aspirazioni senza confini, turbato nell'animo e diviso nel cuore, con la mente
sospesa dall'enigma della morte, oppresso dalla solitudine mentre tende alla
comunione, preda della nausea e della noia, la Beata Vergine Maria, contemplata
nella sua vicenda evangelica e nella realtà che già possiede nella Città di
Dio, offre una visione serena e una parola rassicurante: la vittoria della
speranza sull'angoscia, della comunione sulla solitudine, della pace sul turbamento,
della gioia e della bellezza sul tedio e la nausea, delle prospettive eterne su
quelle temporali, della vita sulla morte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sigillo della Nostra
Esortazione e ulteriore argomento del valore pastorale della devozione alla
Vergine nel condurre gli uomini a Cristo, siano le parole stesse che ella
rivolse ai servitori delle nozze di Cana: Fate quello che egli vi dirà (Gv 2,5);
parole, in apparenza, limitate al desiderio di porre rimedio a un disagio
conviviale, ma, nella prospettiva del quarto Evangelo, sono come una voce in
cui sembra riecheggiare la formula usata dal Popolo di Israele per sancire
l'alleanza sinaitica (cfr Es 19,8; 24,3,7; Dt 5,27), o per
rinnovarne gli impegni (cfr Gs 24,24; Esd 10,12; Ne 5,12),
e sono anche una voce che mirabilmente si accorda con quella del Padre nella teofania del
monte Tabor: Ascoltatelo! (Mt 17,5).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">58. Abbiamo trattato
diffusamente, Venerabili Fratelli, di un elemento che è parte integrante del
culto cristiano: la venerazione verso la Madre del Signore. Lo ha richiesto la
natura della materia, che è stata oggetto di studio, di revisione e, talora, di
qualche perplessità in questi ultimi anni. Ci è di conforto il pensiero che il
lavoro compiuto, in adempimento delle norme del Concilio, da questa Sede
Apostolica e da voi stessi – in particolar modo, la riforma liturgica – sia
valida premessa per un culto a Dio, Padre e Figlio e Spirito, sempre più vivo e
adorante, e per la crescita della vita cristiana nei fedeli. Ci è motivo di
fiducia la constatazione che la rinnovata Liturgia Romana costituisce, anche
nel suo insieme, fulgida testimonianza della pietà della Chiesa verso la
Vergine. Ci sostiene la speranza che le direttive, emanate per rendere tale
pietà sempre più limpida e vigorosa, saranno sinceramente applicate. Ci
allieta, infine, l'opportunità che il Signore ci ha concesso di offrire alcuni
spunti di riflessione per rinnovare e confermare la stima verso la pratica del Rosario mariano.
Conforto, fiducia, speranza, letizia sono i sentimenti che, unendo la Nostra voce
alla voce della Vergine – come implora la Liturgia Romana –,125 vogliamo
tradurre in fervida lode e ringraziamento al Signore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mentre auspichiamo,
pertanto, che grazie al vostro impegno generoso, Fratelli Carissimi, ci sia nel
clero e nel popolo, affidato alle vostre cure, un salutare incremento della
devozione mariana con indubbio profitto per la Chiesa e per la società umana,
impartiamo di cuore a voi ed a tutti i fedeli, cui è rivolto il vostro zelo
pastorale, una speciale Benedizione Apostolica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dato a Roma, presso San
Pietro, il 2 febbraio 1974, festa della Presentazione del Signore, anno
undicesimo del Nostro Pontificato.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">PAOLO PP. VI</span></p><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1Cfr Lattanzio, Divinae
Institutiones IV, 3, 6-10: CSEL 19, p.279.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2Cfr Conc. Vat. II, Cost.
sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 1-3, 11, 21, 48: AAS 56
(1964), pp.97-98, 102- 103, 105-106, 113.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">3Cfr Conc. Vat. II, Cost.
sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 103: AAS 56 (1964), pp.125.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">4Cfr Conc. Vat. II, Cost.
dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 66: AAS 57 (1965), p.65.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">5Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">6Missa votiva della B.
Maria Vergine Madre della Chiesa, Prefazio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">7Cfr Conc. Vat. II, Cost.
dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 66-67: AAS 57 (1965), p.66-67; Cost.
sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 103: AAS 56 (1964), p. 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">8Cfr Esort. Ap. Signum
magnum: AAS 59 (1967), pp.465- 475.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">9Cfr Conc. Vat. II, Cost.
sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 3: AAS 56 (1964), p.98.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">10Cfr ibid., 102.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">11Cfr Messale
Romano riformato a norma dei decreti del Conc. Ecum. Vat. II e promulgato
da Papa Paolo VI, ed. tipica 1970, 8 dicembre, Prefazio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">12Cfr Messale
Romano riformato a norma dei decreti del Conc. Ecum. Vat. II e promulgato
da Papa Paolo VI, Lezionario ed. tipica, 1969, IV dom. di Avvento: I
lettura (Anno A: Is 7,10-14: «Ecco, la Vergine concepirà»; Anno B: 2Sam 7,l-
5. 8b-11. 16: «Il regno di Davide sarà saldo per sempre davanti al Signore»;
Anno C: Mic 5,l-4a: «Da te uscirà il dominatore in Israele»).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">13Ibid.: Vangelo (Anno A: Mt 1,18-24:
«Gesù nascerà da Maria, sposa di Giuseppe, figlio di Davide»; Anno B: Lc 1,26-
38: «Ecco concepirai un figlio e lo darai alla luce»; Anno C: Lc 1,39-45:
«A che debbo che la madre del mio Signore venga a me?»).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">14Cfr Messale Romano, Prefazio
di Avvento, II.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">15Messale Romano, ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">16Messale Romano,
Preghiera Eucaristica I, Communicantes del Natale del Signore e
ottava.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">17Messale Romano, 1º
gennaio, Ant. d'ingresso e Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">18Cfr Messale Romano,
22 agosto, Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">19Messale Romano, 8
settembre, Preghiera dopo la Comunione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">20Messale Romano, 31
maggio, Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">21Cfr ibid., Colletta
e Preghiera sulle offerte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">22Messale Romano, 15
settembre, Colletta<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">23Cfr n.1.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">24Tra le molte Anafore,
cfr le seguenti, particolarmente in onore presso gli Orientali: Anaphora
Marci Evangelistae: Prex Eucharistica, ed. A. Hänggi-I. Pahl, Fribourg,
Editions Universitaires, 1968, p.107; Anaphora Iacobi fratris Domini
graeca, ibid., p.257; Anaphora Ioannis Chrysostomi, ibid., p.229.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">25Cfr Messale Romano,
8 dicembre, Prefazio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">26Cfr Messale Romano,
15 agosto, Prefazio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">27Ci Messale Romano,
1º gennaio, Preghiera dopo la Comunione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">28Cfr Messale Romano,
Comune della B. Maria Vergine, 6. Tempo di Pasqua, Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">29Messale Romano, 15
settembre, Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">30Messale Romano, 31
maggio, Colletta. Nella stessa linea il Prefazio della B. Maria
Vergine, II: «È veramente cosa buona e giusta... in questa memoria della Beata
Vergine Maria magnificare il tuo amore per noi con il suo stesso cantico di
lode».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">31Cfr Lezionario,
Dom. III di Avvento (Anno C: Sof 3,14- 18a); Dom. IV di Avvento (cfr
prec. nota 12); Dom. nell'Ott. di Natale (Anno A: Mt 2,13-15. 19-23;
Anno B: Lc 2,22-40; Anno C: Lc 2,41-52); Dom. II dopo
Natale (Gv 1,1-18); Dom. VII di Pasqua (Anno A: At 1,12-14);
Dom. II per annum (Anno C: Gv 2,1-12); Dom. X per annum (Anno
B: Gn 3,9- 15); Dom. XIV per annum (Anno B: Mc 6,1-6).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">32Cfr Lezionario, Pro
catechumenatu et baptismo adultorum, Ad traditionem Orationis Dominicae (Lectio
II, 2: Gal 4,4-7); Ad initiationem christianam extra Vigiliam
paschalem (Evang., 7: Gv 1,1-5. 9-14. 16-18); Pro nuptiis (Evang.,
7: Gv 2,1-11); Pro consecratione virginum et professione religiosa
(Lectio I, 7: Is 61,9-11; Evang., 6: Mc 3,31-35, Lc 1,26-38
[cf Ordo consecrationis virginum, n.130; Ordo professioni religiosae, Pars
altera, n.145]).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">33Cfr Lezionario,
Per i profughi e gli esuli (Vang., 1: Mt 2,13-15. 19-23); Per il
ringraziamento (Prima lettura, 4: Sof 3,14-15).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">34Cfr La Divina
Comedia, Paradiso XXXI 11, 1-9; cfr Liturgia delle Ore, Memoria di
santa Maria in Sabato, all'Ufficio delle letture, Inno.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">35Cfr Rito del
Battesimo dei bambini, n.48; Rito della iniziazione cristiana degli adulti,
n.214.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">36Cfr Rituale
Romanum, Tit. VII, cap.III, De benedictione mulieris post partum.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">37Cfr Rito della
professione religiosa, Parte Prima, nn.57 e67.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">38Cfr Rito della
consacrazione delle vergini, n.16.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">39Cfr Rito della
professione religiosa. Parte Prima, nn.62 e 142; Parte Seconda, nn.67 e 158; Rito
della consacrazione delle vergini, nn.18 e 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">40Cfr Rito
dell'unzione e cura pastorale degli infermi, nn.143, 146, 147, 150.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">41Cfr Messale Romano,
Messe dei defunti, Per i fratelli, parenti e benefattori, Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">42Cfr Rito delle
esequie, n.226.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">43Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 63: AAS 57 (1965), p.64.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">44Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 7: AAS 56 (1964),
pp.100-101.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">45Sermo 215, 4: PL
38, 1074.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">46Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">47Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla divina Rivelazione Dei Verbum, 21: AAS 58 (1966),
pp.827-828.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">48Cfr Adversus
Haereses IV, 7, I: PO 7, 1, 990-991; SCh 100, t.11, pp.454-458.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">49Adversus Haereses III,
10, 2: PG 7, 1, 873; SCh 34, p.164.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">50Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 62: AAS 57 (1965), p.63.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">51Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 83: AAS 56 (1964),
p.121.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">52Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 63: AAS 57 (1965), p.64.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">53Ibid., 64: AAS 57
(1965), p.64.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">54Tractatus XXV (In
Nativitate Domini), 5: CCL 138, p.123; SCh 22bis, p.132; cfr anche Tractatus
XXIX (In Nativitate Domini), 1: CCL ibid., p.147; SCh ibid.,
p.178; Tractatus LXIII (De Passione Domini), 6: CCL ibid., p.386;
SCh 74, p.82. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">55M. Férotin, Le
«Liber Mozarabicus Sacramentorum», col.56.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">56In purificatione B.
Marine, Sermo III, 2: PL 183, 370; Sancti Bernardi Opera, ed. J.
Leclercq-H. Rochais, IV, Roma 1966, p.342. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">57Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 57: AAS 57 (1965), p.61.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">58Ibid., 58: AAS 57
(1965), p.61.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">59Cfr Pio XII, Encicl. Mystici
Corporis: AAS 35 (1943), p.247.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">60Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 47: AAS 56 (1964),
p.113.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">61Cfr ibid., nn.102
e 106: AAS 56 (1964), p.113. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">62«...voglia tu
ricordarti di tutti coloro che fin da questa vita ti riuscirono graditi, dei
santi padri, dei patriarchi, dei profeti, degli Apostoli [...] e della santa e
gloriosa Madre di Dio Maria e di tutti i Santi [...] si ricordino essi della
nostra miseria e della nostra povertà, e ti offrano, insieme con noi, questo
tremendo ed incruento sacrificio »: Anaphora Iacobi fratris Domini
syriaca: Prex Eucharistica, ed. A. Hànggi - I. Pahl, Fribourg, Editions
Universitaires, 1968, p.274.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">63Expositio Evangelii
secundum Lucam, II, 26: CSEL 32, IV, p.55; SCh 45, pp.83-84.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">64Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 62: AAS 57 (1965), p.63.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">65Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 103: AAS 56 (1964),
p.125.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">66Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 67: AAS 57 (1965), p.65.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">67Cfr ibid., 67: AAS
57 (1965), pp.65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">68Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium, 104: AAS 56 (1964),
p.125-126.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">69Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 66: AAS 57 (1965), p.65.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">70Cfr Paolo VI,
Allocuzione del 24 aprile 1970, tenuta nel Santuario di Nostra Signora di
Bonaria, in Cagliari: AAS 62 (1970), p.300.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">71Pio IX, Lett. Ap. Ineffabilis
Deus: Pii IX Pontificis Maximi Acta, I, 1, Roma 1854, p.599; cfr anche V.
Sardi, La solenne definizione del dogma dell'immacolato concepimento di
Maria Santissima, Atti e documenti..., Roma 1904-1905, vol. II, p.302. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">72Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 66: AAS 57 (1965), p.65.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">73S. Ildefonso, De
virginitate perpetua sanctae Mariae, cap.XII: PL 96, 108.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">74Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 56: AAS 57 (1965), p.60 e gli
autori citati nella relativa nota 176.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">75Cfr S. Ambrogio, De
Spiritu Sancto, II, 37-38: CSEL 79, pp.100-101; Cassiano, De incarnatione
Domini, II, cap.II: CSEL 17, pp.247-249; S. Beda, Homelia I, 3: CCL
122, pp.18 e 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">76Cfr S. Ambrogio, De
institutione virginis, cap.XII, 79: PL 16 (ed. 1880), 339; Epistula 30,
3 ed Epistula 42, 7: ibid., 1107 e 1175; Expositio
evangelii secundum Lucam, X, 132: SCh 52, p.200; S. Proclo di Costantinopoli, Oratio I,
1 ed Oratio V, 3: PG 65, 681 e 720; S. Basilio di Seleucia, Oratio XXXIX,
3: PG 85, 433, S. Andrea di Creta, Oratio IV: PG 97, 868; S. Germano
di Costantinopoli, Oratio III, 15: PG 98, 305.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">77Cfr S. Girolamo, Adversus
Iovinianum, I, 33: PL 23, 267; S. Ambrogio, Epistula 63, 33: PL 16
(ed. 1880), 1249; De institutione virginis, cap.XVII, 195: ibid.,
346; De Spiritu Sancto, III, 79-80: CSEL 79, pp.182-183; Sedulio, Inno «A
solis ortus cardine», vv.13-14: CSEL 10, p.164; Inno Acathìstos, str. 23:
ed. I. B. Pitra, Analecta Sacra, I, p.261; S. Proclo di Costantinopoli, Oratio I,
3: PG 65, 684; Oratio II, 6: ibid., 700; S. Basilio di Seleucia, Oratio IV:
PG 97, 868; S. Giovanni Damasceno, Oratio IV, 10: PG 96, 672.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">78Cfr Severo di
Antiochia, Homilia 57: PO 8, pp.357- 358; Esichio di Gerusalemme, Homilia
de sancta Maria Deipara: PG 93, 1464; Crisippo di Gerusalemme, Oratio in
sanctam Mariam Deiparam, 2: PO 19, p.338; S. Andrea di Creta, Oratio V:
PG 97, 896; S. Giovanni Damasceno, Oratio VI, 6: PG 96, 672.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">79Liber Apotheosis, vv.
571-572: CCL 126, p.97. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">80Cfr S. Isidoro, De
ortu et obitu Patrum, cap.LXVII, 111: PL 83, 148; S. Ildefonso. De
virginitate perpetua sanctae Mariae, cap.X: PL 96, 95; S. Bernardo, In
Assumptione B. Virginis Mariae, Sermo IV, 4: PL 183, 428; In Nativitate B.
Virginis Mariae: ibid., 442; S. Pier Damiani, Carmina sacra et preces II,
Oratio ad Deum Filium: PL 145, 921; Antiphona «Beata Dei Genitrix
Maria»: Corpus antiphonialium officii, ed. R. J. Hesbert, Roma 1970, vol.
IV, n.6314, p.80.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">81Cfr Paolo Diacono, Homilia I,
In Assumptione B. Marìae Virginis: PL 95, 1567; De Assumptione sanctae
Mariae Virginis Paschasio Radberto trib., nn.31, 42, 57, 83: ed. A.
Ripberger, in «Spicilegium Friburgense», n.9, 1962, pp.72, 76, 84, 96-97;
Eadmero di Canterbury, De excellentia Virginis Mariae, cap.IV-V: PL 159,
562-567; S. Bernardo, In laudibus Virginis Matris, Homilia IV,
3: Sancti Bernardi Opera, ed. J. Leclercq - H. Rochais, IV, Roma 1966,
pp.49-50.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">82Cfr Origene, In
Lucam Homilia VII, 3: PG 13, 1817; SCh 87, p.156; S. Cirillo di
Alessandria, Commentarii in Aggaeum prophetam, cap.XIX: PG 71, 1060; S.
Ambrogio, De fide, IV, 9, 113-114: CSEL 78, pp.197-198; Expositio
evangelii secundum Lucam, II, 23 e 27-28: CSEL 32, IV, pp.53-54 e 55- 56;
Severiano di Gabala, In mundi creationem oratio VI, 10: PG 56,
497-498; Antipatro di Bostra, Homilia in Sanctissimae Deiparae
Annuntiationem, 16: PG 85, 1785.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">83Cfr Eadmero di
Canterbury, De excellentia Virginis Mariae, cap.VII: PL 159, 571; S.
Amedeo di Losanna, De Maria Virginea Matre, Homilia VII: PL 188,
1337; SCh 72, p.184.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">84De virginitate perpetua
sanctae Mariae, cap.XII: PL 96, 106.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">85Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, 54: AAS 57 (1965), p.59; Cfr Paolo
VI, Allocuzione ai Padri conciliari a chiusura della seconda Sessione del
Concilio Ecumenico Vaticano II, 4 dicembre 1963: AAS 56 (1964), p.37.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">86Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, nn.6, 7-8, 9-17: AAS 57 (1965),
pp.8-9, 9-12, 12-21.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">87Ibid., n.63: AAS 57
(1965), p.64.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">88S. Cipriano, De
catholicae Ecclesiae unitate, 5: CSEL 3, p.214.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">89Isacco della Stella, Sermo LI, In
Assumptione B.Mariae: PL 194, 1863.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">90Sermo XXX, 1: SCh
164, p.134.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">91Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, nn.66-69: AAS 57 (1965),
pp.65-67. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">92Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla divina Rivelazione Dei Verbum, 25: AAS 58 (1966),
pp.829-830.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">93N. 13: AAS 56 (1964),
p.103.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">94Cfr Officium magni
canonis paracletici, Magnum Orologion, Athenis 1963, p.558; passim nei
canoni e nei troparii liturgici: cfr Sofronio Eustradiadou, Theotokarion,
Chennevières- sur-Marne 1931, pp.9, 19.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">95Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.69: AAS 57 (1965), pp.66-67.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">96Cfr ibid., n.66:
AAS 57 (1965), p.65; Conc. Vat. II, Cost. sulla Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum
Concilium, 103: AAS 56 (1964), p.125.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">97Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.67: AAS 57 (1965), pp.65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">98Cfr ibid., n.66:
AAS 57 (1965), p.65.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">99Cfr Paolo VI,
Allocuzione tenuta nella Basilica Vaticana ai Padri Conciliari, il 21 novembre
1964: AAS 56 (1964), p.1017.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">100Conc. Vat. II, Decr.
sull'ecumenismo Unitatis redintegratio, n.20: AAS 57 (1965), p.105. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">101Enc. Adiutricem
populi: ASS 28 (1895-1896), p.135.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">102Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.56: AAS 57 (1965), p.60.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">103S. Pietro Crisologo, Sermo CXLIII:
PL 52, 583.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">104Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.55: AAS 57 (1965), pp.59-60.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">105Cfr Paolo VI, Esort.
Ap. Signum magnum. I: AAS 50 (1967), pp.467-468; Messale Romano, 15
settembre, Preghiera sopra le offerte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">106Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.67: AAS 57 (1965), pp.65-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">107Cfr S. Agostino, In
Iohannis Evangelium, Tractatus X, 3: CCL 36, pp.101-102; Epistula
243, Ad Laetum, n.9: CSEL 57, pp.575-576; S. Beda, In Lucae
Evangelium expositio, IV, XI, 28: CCL 120, p.237; Homilia I, 4: CCL
122, pp.26-27.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">108Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.58: AAS 57 (1965), p.61.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">109Messale Romano,
Domenica IV di Avvento, Colletta. Analogamente la Colletta del
25 marzo, che nella recita dell'Angelus Domini può sostituire la
precedente.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">110Pio XII, Lett. Philippinas
Insulas all'Arcivescovo di Manila: AAS 38 (1946), p.419.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">111Cfr Discorso ai
partecipanti al III Congresso Internazionale Domenicano del Rosario: Insegnamenti
di PaoloVI, I(1963), pp.463-464.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">112Cfr AAS 58 (1966),
pp.745-749.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">113Cfr AAS 61 (1969),
pp.649-654.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">114Cfr n.13: AAS 56
(1964), p.103.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">115Decr. sull'apostolato
dei laici Apostolicam actuositatem, n.11: AAS 58 (1966), p.848.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">116Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.11: AAS 57 (1965), p.16.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">117Cfr Decr.
sull'apostolato dei laici Apostolicam actuositatem, n.11: AAS 58 (1966),
p.848.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">118N. 27.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">119Conc. Vat. II, Cost.
dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, n.53: AAS 57 (1965), pp.58-59<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">120La Divina Commedia,
Paradiso XXXIII, 4-6.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">121Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. dogm. sulla Chiesa Lumen gentium, nn.60-63: AAS 57 (1965), pp.62-64.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">122Cfr Ibid., n.65:
AAS 57 (1965), pp.64-65.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">123Ibid., n.65: AAS 57
(1965), p.64.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">124Cfr Conc. Vat. II,
Cost. past. sulla Chiesa nel mondo contemporaneo Gaudium et spes, n.22:
AAS 58 (1966), pp.1042-1044.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">125Cfr Messale
Romano, 31 maggio, Colletta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-vi_exh_19740202_marialis-cultus.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-86088833533891301902024-02-04T08:59:00.000-08:002024-02-06T15:15:59.565-08:00Saint AVENTIN de TROYES, prêtre et ermite<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://anastpaul.files.wordpress.com/2023/02/st-aventinus-of-troyes-statue.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="419" height="320" src="https://anastpaul.files.wordpress.com/2023/02/st-aventinus-of-troyes-statue.jpg" width="192" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Aventin de Troyes<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Ermite (+ v. 538)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Berrichon d'origine, il
vint à Troyes attiré par la réputation de <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1588/Saint-Loup-de-Troyes.html" title="Saint Loup de Troyes, Evêque (+ 478)">saint Loup</a>. Ermite à
Verrières, il se consacra à la contemplation et à l'ascèse. Ce qui lui valut
une grande réputation de sainteté et les honneurs de voir ses reliques
reconnues dans la cathédrale de Troyes jusqu'à la Révolution.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Aventin, originaire de Bourges, vint à Troyes pour devenir le disciple de St
Loup. A la mort de ce dernier, il devint cellérier de son successeur, l'évêque
Camélien, et fut à l'origine de plusieurs miracles. Il quitta alors l'enceinte
de Troyes pour vivre en ermite aux abords de la ville, dans une chaumière
située près d'une chapelle déserte. Il mourut en 537, et les miracles
continuèrent à se produire sur sa tombe. (Source: <a href="http://vieuxtroyes.free.fr/t/" target="_blank">site du Vieux Troyes</a>)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
"Né dans le centre de la France, il était aumônier de saint Loup, l'évêque
de Troyes, jusqu'à ce qu'il se retire pour vivre en ermite dans un endroit
baptisé par la suite Saint-Aventin." 10 000 saints, Brepols</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Troyes, vers 537, saint Aventin, prêtre, que l'on tient pour un disciple de
l'évêque saint Loup.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/9925/Saint-Aventin-de-Troyes.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/9925/Saint-Aventin-de-Troyes.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint-Aventin</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il y a 180 ans, était
démolie l’église Saint-Aventin. D’après le chanoine-trésorier de la collégiale
de Saint-Urbain, " c’était sans contredit, la plus ancienne,
remontant au VI° siècle ".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Aventin
nait sur la fin du V° siècle, avant le règne de Clovis, 1er roi des
chrétiens. Il entend parler de <a href="https://www.jschweitzer.fr/les-aubois-tr%C3%A8s-c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres/saint-loup/">saint
Loup</a>, évêque de Troyes, de sa science profonde, de son éminente sainteté.
Son ambition est d’être compté au nombre de ses disciples. Le désir d'une vie
parfaite conduisit le jeune Aventin à Troyes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.jschweitzer.fr/la-religion/ev%C3%AAques-de-troyes-les-plus-c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres/saint-cam%C3%A9lien/">Saint
Camélien</a> succède sur le trône épiscopal de Troyes, au décès de saint
Loup. Il connut bientôt le mérite et la vertu d'Aventin, le mit au nombre de
ses clercs et le fit économe de ses revenus. Le pieux religieux s'acquitte de
son emploi avec tant de prudence et de sagesse, qu'il nourrissait non seulement
le clergé de la cathédrale qui vivait alors en commun, mais encore les pauvres,
les veuves et les orphelins. " Les actes de la vie rapportent même que
Dieu opéra des miracles pour faire éclater sa fidélité et sa charité, et que
plus il dépensait pour les pauvres et les infirmes, plus les biens croissaient
entre ses mains ".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La réputation de sa
sainteté s'étant répandue, Aventin craignit que le démon ne se glissât dans son
cœur. Il prit la résolution de fuir le monde et de se retirer dans la solitude
pour y vivre sous les yeux de Dieu seul. Il en demanda la permission à
l'évêque, qui d'abord lui refusa pour le retenir auprès de lui, afin d'édifier
son peuple. Aventin, persévérant dans son dessein, réitéra ses demandes,
et obtint enfin la permission qu'il désirait. Il se retira sous les murs de la
ville auprès d'une chapelle déserte ou peu visitée, et y bâtit une chaumière où
il vécut en anachorète. Cette retraite ne fit qu'augmenter sa renommée. Les
hommes qu'il fuyait allaient l'y retrouver pour jouir de sa conversation et
recevoir des instructions sur l'affaire de leur salut. Tant de visites lui
firent connaître qu'il n'avait pas encore rempli son objet et qu'il n'était pas
assez éloigné du commerce du monde. Il choisit une retraite plus éloignée, où
est aujourd'hui la paroisse de Saint-Aventin. Là, il fut appelé aux saints
ordres, l'évêque lui conféra le diaconat et enfin la prêtrise. Ministre fidèle,
il s'adonna à la prière, à l'étude des saintes écritures et à la méditation de
la science des saints. Il montrait la piété la plus profonde dans la
célébration des saints mystères. La plus sévère austérité était son occupation,
la haire était son vêtement, le pain d'orge, les racines et un peu d'eau
étaient toute sa nourriture vers le milieu de la semaine, après 3 jours de
jeûne continuels. Enfin, il n'avait pour lit que des planches couvertes de
peau. Un ours furieux et poussant des cris épouvantables se présenta dans la
chaumière du saint pendant la nuit. Aventin, effrayé, se mit en prière et
s'abandonna aux soins de la Providence. A la pointe du jour il ouvrit sa porte,
et l'ours doux et abattu de langueur, le lécha et lui présenta une de ses
pattes où était enfoncée une épine, comme pour le prier de la lui arracher.
L'homme de Dieu lui rend ce service, lave la plaie, la frotte avec un peu d'huile
et l'enveloppe d'une petite peau. L'animal devint familier, et, lorsqu'il fut
guéri, il se retira dans les bois. Une autre fois, une biche poursuivie par des
chasseurs, se retira aussi dans la chaumière du saint, qui la mit sous sa
protection et lui sauva la vie. Saint Aventin avait avec lui un religieux qui
le servait "en ses besoins, et apprenait de lui à marcher dans les voies
de la justice". Un jour, ce religieux ayant pêché quelques petits
poissons, les porta à son maître, encore vivants. Le saint les prit et les
rejeta dans l'eau, en disant : "allez, petites créatures, retournez dans
votre élément et y vivez, pour moi, Jésus Christ est mon élément et ma
nourriture, c'est en lui que je veux vivre". Saint Aventin a fait encore
plusieurs autres prodiges : il guérissait les malades par ses prières et il
chassait les démons suivant la parole de
Jésus-Christ. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Le bruit de
ses vertus et de ses dons lui attira une foule de visiteurs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il décède le 4
février 537. L’évêque de Troyes, saint Vincent, frappé des miracles qui
s’opèrent sur son tombeau, le fait reconnaître comme saint, et fait ériger
en 540, une église en son honneur. Il va souvent s’agenouiller sur le
tombeau du saint, et demande à être inhumé dans cette église (son tombeau a été
détruit lors de la Révolution de 1789).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1219, la châsse de
saint Aventin est ouverte. Le corps est trouvé en bon état.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1605, le curé et les
habitants de Creney demandent au Chapitre de Saint-Etienne " une portion
quelconque du saint solitaire sous l’invocation duquel ils ont placé leur
église paroissiale ". Le 7 novembre une côte de saint Aventin est
mise au trésor, et le 29, ils en prennent possession avec transport solennel
dans leur commune.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1641, on détache des
restes vénérés, un os de la cuisse " long de 2 palmes (environ
45 cm), pour être donné à sa demande, à la reine de France, pour être placé
dans l’église des Religieuses de Paris ".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1725, notre évêque
Bossuet, permet que " l’on tire un os de l’avant-bras, pour mettre
dans la chapelle bâtie à Rome, sur le mont Aventin ". Bossuet en profite
pour prendre pour lui, la clavicule, qu’il remet en 1729 à la paroisse
auboise de Saint-Aventin-sous-Verrières.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1760, les chanoines de
la Collégiale Saint-Etienne font faire une nouvelle châsse, pour y placer en
1764 le reste des reliques de saint Aventin " avec plusieurs autres
". Avant de sceller la châsse, on accorde au curé de Saint-Aventin,
" une portion d’une fausse côte et une vertèbre des lombes " du
saint qui fut donnée à l’évêque de Castres, pour son église.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Que sont devenus les
restes précieux de saint Aventin, richement enchâssés dans l’or et la
soie ? Jetés au vent en 1794 par le pouvoir révolutionnaire, et la
châsse broyée sur ordre de la Convention. Il ne reste aujourd’hui que quelques
parcelles de ces reliques.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">L’église était d’assez
grande dimension, possédait un orgue, une tour-clocher avec de grosses cloches,
elle était voûtée. Il y avait 4 autels, dédiés à saint Roch, saint Barnabé,
saint Aventin et saint Sébastien.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lorsque la liberté des
cultes fut proclamée sous Louis XVI, elle servit d’asile à l’église réformée,
mais elle fut fermée pendant la Terreur, puis vendue comme bien national.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Elle servit
successivement de magasin de bois et charbon, et d’atelier de charronage. En
1833, elle est démolie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">L’abbé Fardeau, dernier
curé de Saint-Aventin, est la seconde victime des fureurs révolutionnaires,
après notre maire <a href="https://www.jschweitzer.fr/la-r%C3%A9volution-fran%C3%A7aise/assassinat-de-claude-huez/">Claude
Huez</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il passe le 20 août 1792,
sur le pont du moulin de la Tour. Des femmes au lavoir le reconnaîssent
et font des huées et le signalent comme prêtre à des soldats. Pris au
collet, ils veulent lui faire dire : Vive la Nation ! L’abbé s’y
refuse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Alors ils l’accablent de
coups, " et l’un d’eux lui tranche la tête, qu’ils placent au bout
d’une pique et parcourent tous les quartiers de la ville avec ce sanglant
trophée de leur barbarie ".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ses assassins ne furent jamais
recherchés.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est ainsi que finirent
les destinées de la paroisse de Saint-Aventin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.jschweitzer.fr/la-religion/saints-de-l-aube/saint-aventin/">https://www.jschweitzer.fr/la-religion/saints-de-l-aube/saint-aventin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://anastpaul.files.wordpress.com/2023/02/st-aventinus-of-troyes-glass.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="438" height="320" src="https://anastpaul.files.wordpress.com/2023/02/st-aventinus-of-troyes-glass.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Aventinus of Troyes"><b>Saint Aventinus of Troyes</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aventin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aventine<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/4-february">4
February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/almoner">Almoner</a> for <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/saint-lupus-of-troyes">Lupus
of Troyes</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/saint-camelianus-of-troyes">Camelianus
of Troyes</a>; legend says that his wine barrel never ran dry. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/patrons-of-hermits">Hermit</a> in
a place now known as Saint-Aventin, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/patrons-of-france">France</a> in
his honour. People and animals sought refuge with him – animals hiding from
hunters, people from their temptations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/patrons-of-bourges-france">Bourges</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/patrons-of-france">France</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c.<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/time-line-538">538</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/relics">relics</a> destroyed
during the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/french-revolution">French
Revolution</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/saints-of-the-day-aventinus-of-troyes-hermit">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92200" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>websites
in nederlandse</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/02/04/02-04-0540-aventin.php" target="_blank">Heiligen 3s</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>nettsteder
i norsk</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/atroyes" target="_blank">Den
katolske kirke</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Readings</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">One day, according to his
custom, Aventine quitted his cell and betook himself to a grove overlooking the
vale of Aosta, that he might pray there quietly amidst its mysterious shade. On
his knees, with uplifted eyes and glowing heart, he blessed God whom he
inwardly adored. A very deep silence favoured his recollection, and his happy
soul seemed to be as serene as paradise. Suddenly the silence was broken hy the
plaintive roar of a bear which was laboriously coming down from the mountains.
Aventine saw it, but was not alarmed; he knew that He who watched over Daniel
in the den of lions would also watch over him. It was not the wild animals of
the forest that were to shed his blood – this blood was reserved to gratify the
rage of human persecutors far more savage than they. As if led by an invisible
hand or by some kindly instinct the wounded animal came straight to him as
quietly as a lamb, and lifted its heavy paw in which was a long thorn, and laid
it quite confidingly in the hands of Aventine, as if imploring help.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The servant of God kindly
examined the wound and extracted the cruel thorn, and then the grateful bear
left him after loading him with caresses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This fact, which we have
taken from the chronicle, is not without a certain authority. There still
exists in a parish of the valley, and not far from the hermitage of Saint
Aventine, another ruin, a precious remnant of the little oratory raised by the
faithful to preserve the memory of this remarkable event. Tradition
persistently reports that it is here that the Saint met the bear. A wood carving
on the reredos of the church of Saint Aventine recalls this circumstance in the
life of the Saint, and the old wood-work showed a similar incident. A bear was
seen standing before the Saint, who was taking the thorn out of its paw with a
pointed instrument. – from “The Little Bollandists” by Monsignor Paul
Guérin, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/time-line-1882">1882</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Aventinus of
Troyes“. CatholicSaints.Info. 18 February 2022. Web. 4 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-aventinus-of-troyes/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Creney_%C3%A9glise_Fichot_00508.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="800" height="256" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Creney_%C3%A9glise_Fichot_00508.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18511841" title="d:Q18511841">Charles
Fichot</a> (1817–1903), L'<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Église Saint-Aventin de Creney-près-Troyes (page does not exist)">église
Saint-Aventin</a> de Creney-près-Troyes, dessin, 1884</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Aventine of Troyes</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Death: ~538<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aventine, of Bourges,
France, was schooled in the spiritual <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=7101">life</a> by
the <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=1918">bishop</a> of
Troyes, Saint Loup. Loup's episcopal successor, Saint Camelianus, selected
Aventine to be Troyes's steward and almoner, in charge of the cathedral's
possessions and the distribution of alms. Having served the Church thus with
humility, purity, and charity, Aventine thereafter obtained permission to
withdraw into the woods to live as a hermit. He had a particular fondness for
animals, never wanting to kill any of the forest creatures except when
necessary. Whenever he found any tiny fish in a pitcher of water drawn from a
nearby brook by a <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=8107">monk</a> who
assisted him, he made a point of placing the fish unharmed back into the
stream. When on one occasion a deer pursued by hunters rushed into the cave
that served as Aventine's hermitage, Aventine protected the frightened animal
by closing the door in order to hide it from the hunters until they had passed.
He habitually fed the small birds of the forest that flocked onto his fingers
as he offered them a handful of crumbs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5997">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5997</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – Aventinus – 4 February"><b>Book of
Saints – Aventinus – 4 February</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">AVENTINUS (Saint)
(February 4) (6th century) Born in one of the Central Provinces of France, he
acted as Almoner to Saint Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, until, moved by a desire of
living a life of greater perfection, he withdrew from the world into a
solitude, and after some time was ordained priest. To the retired spot where he
lived and died (A.D. 538) he has left his name, Saint Aventin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate.
“Aventinus”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/5-august">5
August</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/time-line-2012">2012</a>.
Web. 4 February 2024. <http://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-aventinus-4-february/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-aventinus-of-troyes-hermit/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Aventinus of Troyes, Hermit"><b>Saints
of the Day – Aventinus of Troyes, Hermit</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born in central France;
died 538. Aventinus served as almoner to Saint Lupus, bishop of Troyes, until
he retired to live as a hermit. The site of his hermitage is now called
Saint-Aventin (Benedictines).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-aventinus-of-troyes-hermit/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
17 January 2022. Web. 4 February 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-aventinus-of-troyes-hermit/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-aventinus-of-troyes-hermit/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-aventinus-of-troyes-hermit/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint of the Day – 4
February – Saint Aventinus of Troyes (Died c538) Priest, Hermit</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Posted on <a href="https://anastpaul.com/2023/02/04/saint-of-the-day-4-february-saint-aventinus-of-troyes-died-c538-priest-hermit/">February
4, 2023</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint of the Day – 4
February – Saint Aventinus of Troyes (Died c538) Priest, Almoner and
Administrator of the funds for the See of Troyes, Hermit, Miracle-worker,
gifted with a great affinity with animals, who came to him for help when ill or
hurt. Born in Bourges, France and died in c538 of natural causes. Patronages –
headaches, nervous disorders, of ill animals, of Saint Aventin sous Verrières
and the Town of Creney, France. Also known as – Aventin, Aventine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the heart of ancient
Gaul (today’s France), in the second half of the fifth century, Saint Aventinus
was born, probably in Bourges. From the few documents which have come down to
us, we know that his parents belonged to the middle class and were very religious.
According to tradition, Christianity in those lands already spread in the third
century. The sound moral and Christian principles of the parents would form the
basis of his holiness – from an early age, Aventinus was held up as a model.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As a teenager, he began
to wonder about the purpose of his life. He wanted to visit the most famous
holy manof that region, the Bishop St Lupus of Troyes who, in the year 451 had
saved the city from the invasion of Attila the Hun, by offering himself as a
hostage. The elderly prelate was not slow to see sincere Christian virtues in
the young man and desiring to see them brought to fruition for the glory of the
Lord and the Church and so, St Lupo kept him with him as a disciple and
assistant. It was the happy meeting of two true men of God.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aventinus distinguished
himself by the humility and zeal with which he carried out the work; constant
in the practices of piety, he was growing internally. He had as an example a
Saint who continually turned his attentions to him. The virtue that shone most
in him was charity towards others. Slavery of foreign prisoners of war was
widespread in those days – St Lupus and Aventinus did not remain indifferent to
the children of God who were treated like beasts. They ransomed as many as they
could, collecting alms for this purpose. Given their freedom, they worried
about their spiritual health, often helping them to approach the Sacraments. St
Luuso died in 479 and was succeeded by St Camelianus, who, knowing well the
virtues of Aventinus, made him Steward, with ample power to manage alms.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">God only knows how
widespread poverty was and Aventinus’ attention to the poor was never limited
to material aid. He aroused amazement at the miraculous way the Bishop’s
finances could cope with so many expenses, there was something supernatural at
work. Aventinus fame went on spreading but he, keeping faith with his humility
and with the deep regret of the Bishop, decided to retire.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He was welcomed into a
hermitage with the will to sanctify himself by living in solitude. Although he
was not inclined to lead, he was soon elected Superior of the community.
Precious was his example and the retreat became a school of perfection. That
place was later named after him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">While living withdrawn
from the world, he could not help but think about the redemption of slaves.
Among others, news reached him of a certain Fidolus, of rare virtues, perhaps
already a cleric, originally from Auvergne, who had lost his freedom at the
hands of Theodoric I, King of Austrasia. It was about the year 530. Aventinus
ransomed him for twelve gold pieces. Fidolus’ happiness and gratitude was
immense and he decided to join the holy community, which seemed a most natural
development.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Meanwhile, Aventinus’
fame was spreading again among the people who often visited him. The
tranquility of the brothers was compromised and Aventinus decided to leave. It
was Fidolus himself who took over the position of Superior (he died with fame
as a Saint on 16 May 540).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aventinus withdrew to a
solitary place along the Seine, about seven miles distant from Troyes. He had
only brought with him some bread, legumes, a hoe and some seeds. He did not
want to be a burden to anyone. Finally he had achieved the desired tranquility,
dividing his time between prayer, work and penance. He slept little, wore a
poor and rough dress, ate only three days a week.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A few years passed but
even here he could not escape the admiration of the people, while not even the
Bishop St Camelianus had forgotten about him. The latter, who also knew well of
his knowledge of the Psalms and Sacred Scripture, conferred upon him Sacred
Orders. The maturity of the years was crowned by the Priesthood. He lived
peacefully the last period of his life celebrating Mass near his hut, for the
benefit of the locals.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Demanding with himself, he looked to the needs of his neighbour with his big
heart, also curing those who were sick. His charity became legendary and it is
said that even a bear knocked on his door one night. He lay down on the ground
and held out a paw in which a thorn was stuck. The hermit assisted him by
releasing the thorn and bandaging his wound.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He fell asleep in the
peace of the Lord on 4 February of the year 538. Acclaimed Saint and Patron of
those places he had lived, a few years later Bishop Vincent had a Church built
in his honour, where he placed his precious Relics and in which he then wanted
to be buried. Chapels and Churches were erected in his honour, even outside
France. From time immemorial he has been particularly invoked against headaches
and nervous diseases. Today, near Troyes, a Town has his name (Saint Aventin
sous Verrières) and Creney venerates him as Patron.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">St Aventinus, Hermit and
Priest, is not to be confused with the Aventinus, the Saint Bishop of Chartres,
who died in 520, also venerated on today, 4 February.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PRAYER</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Among the many graces<br />
which the Lord grants through your intercession,<br />
glorious Saint Aventinus,<br />
frequent are the cures from headaches<br />
and other nervous diseases,<br />
of which you have been a singular protector<br />
since time immemorial.<br />
With all humility and trust<br />
I resort to your patronage<br />
and I ask you to obtain<br />
from the Supreme Giver of all good,<br />
health of mind and body<br />
so that I may serve God with greater fervour<br />
and attend to the duties of my state.<br />
I ask you, not only for freedom from headaches<br />
but also for the grace<br />
to live as a studious emulator of your examples,<br />
that I may one day attain eternal happiness,<br />
where faith guides me<br />
and hope invites me.<br />
Amen<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Author: <a href="https://anastpaul.com/author/anastpaul/">AnaStpaul</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Passionate Catholic.
Being a Catholic is a way of life - a love affair "Religion must be like
the air we breathe..."- St John Bosco Prayer is what the world needs
combined with the example of our lives which testify to the Light of Christ.
This site, which is now using the Traditional Calendar, will mainly concentrate
on Daily Prayers, Novenas and the Memorials and Feast Days of our friends in
Heaven, the Saints who went before us and the great blessings the Church
provides in our Catholic Monthly Devotions. This Site is placed under the
Patronage of my many favourite Saints and especially, St Paul. "For the
Saints are sent to us by God as so many sermons. We do not use them, it is they
who move us and lead us, to where we had not expected to go.” Charles Cardinal
Journet (1891-1975) This site adheres to the Catholic Church and all her
teachings. PLEASE ADVISE ME OF ANY GLARING TYPOS etc - In June 2021 I lost 95%
sight in my left eye and sometimes miss errors. Thank you and I pray all those
who visit here will be abundantly blessed. Pax et bonum! <a href="https://anastpaul.com/author/anastpaul/">VIEW ALL POSTS</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://anastpaul.com/2023/02/04/saint-of-the-day-4-february-saint-aventinus-of-troyes-died-c538-priest-hermit/">https://anastpaul.com/2023/02/04/saint-of-the-day-4-february-saint-aventinus-of-troyes-died-c538-priest-hermit/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://anastpaul.files.wordpress.com/2023/02/st-aventinus-of-troyes-sml.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="534" height="320" src="https://anastpaul.files.wordpress.com/2023/02/st-aventinus-of-troyes-sml.jpg" width="227" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Aventino di
Troyes</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/02/04">4 febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">m. 4 febbraio 538<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nasce in Gallia, nella
seconda metà del V secolo, a Bourges. Grazie all'educazione cristiana ricevuta,
fin da giovane Aventino viene additato come modello. Da adolescente fa visita
al vescovo san Lupo di Troyes che nell'anno 451 ha salvato la città
dall'invasione di Attila offrendosi come ostaggio. Il presule lo tiene con sé
come collaboratore. Insieme i due santi riscattano quanti più prigionieri
stranieri di guerra possono, prendendosi cura di questi uomini resi schiavi.
Lupo muore nel 479 e gli succede san Cameliano, che nomina Aventino economo.
Questi però decide di ritirarsi a vita eremitica. Sebbene non sia incline alle
cariche di comando, dopo poco tempo viene eletto superiore della comunità dove
è stato accolto. La sua fama, però, va nuovamente diffondendosi tra la gente
che spesso lo visita. Decide così di ritirarsi in un luogo solitario lungo la
Senna, a sette miglia da Troyes. È il vescovo Cameliano a conferirgli gli
ordini sacri. Vive l'ultimo periodo della vita celebrando la Messa nei pressi
della sua capanna, per gli abitanti del posto. Muore nel 538. (Avvenire)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Troyes nella Gallia lugdunense, ora in Francia, sant’Aventino,
che si ritiene sia stato al servizio del vescovo san Lupo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel cuore dell’antica
Gallia (l’odierna Francia), nella seconda metà del V secolo, nacque
sant'Aventino, probabilmente a Bourges. Dai pochi documenti a noi pervenuti
sappiamo che i genitori appartenevano a un ceto sociale medio ed erano molto
religiosi. Secondo la tradizione il cristianesimo in quelle terre si diffuse
già nel III secolo. I sani principi morali e cristiani dei genitori
costituiranno la base della sua santità: fin da giovane era additato come
modello.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Divenuto adolescente cominciò ad interrogarsi sullo scopo della sua vita. Volle
far visita al personaggio religioso più noto di quella regione, il vescovo S.
Lupo di Troyes che nell'anno 451 aveva salvato la città dall’invasione di
Attila offrendosi come ostaggio. L’anziano prelato non tardò a scorgere nel
giovane sincere virtù cristiane, da far fruttare a gloria del Signore e della
Chiesa e lo tenne con sé come collaboratore. Fu l'incontro felice di due veri
uomini di Dio. Aventino si distinse per l'umiltà e lo zelo con cui eseguiva il
lavoro; costante nelle pratiche di pietà, andava crescendo interiormente. Aveva
come esempio un santo che di continuo rivolgeva a lui le sue attenzioni. La
virtù che in lui rifulse maggiormente fu la carità verso il prossimo. A quei
tempi era diffusa la schiavitù dei prigionieri stranieri di guerra: Lupo e
Aventino non rimasero indifferenti davanti ai figli di Dio che venivano
trattati come bestie. Ne riscattarono più che poterono, raccogliendo a tale
scopo le elemosine. Resa loro la libertà si preoccupavano della loro salute
spirituale, facendoli sovente avvicinare ai sacramenti. S. Lupo morì nel 479 e
gli successe S. Cameliano, il quale, conoscendo bene le virtù di Aventino, lo
fece economo, con ampia facoltà di gestire le elemosine. Dio solo sa quanto
diffusa fosse la miseria e le attenzioni di Aventino per i poveri non si
limitarono mai ai soccorsi materiali. Destava stupore come le finanze del
vescovo potessero far fronte a tante spese, vi era del prodigioso. La fama di
Aventino andò diffondendosi, anche con attestati di pubblica riconoscenza, ma
egli, tenendo fede alla propria umiltà, col vivo rammarico del vescovo, decise
di ritirarsi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Venne accolto in un romitorio con la volontà di santificarsi vivendo in
solitudine. Sebbene non fosse incline alle cariche di comando, dopo poco tempo
fu eletto superiore della comunità. Prezioso era il suo esempio e il ritiro
divenne una scuola di perfezione. Quel luogo fu chiamato in seguito Isola di S.
Aventino. Pur vivendo ritirato dal mondo non poté fare a meno di pensare alla redenzione
degli schiavi. Tra gli altri gli giunse notizia di un certo Fidolo, dalle rare
virtù, forse già chierico, originario dell’Alvernia, che aveva persa la sua
libertà per mano di Teodorico I, Re dell’Austrasia. Era circa l’anno 530. Lo
riscattò per dodici monete d’oro. Somma fu la felicità di Fidolo e sembrò quasi
naturale la sua decisione di unirsi alla santa comunità. La fama di Aventino
intanto andava nuovamente diffondendosi tra la gente che spesso lo visitava. La
tranquillità dei confratelli era compromessa e Aventino decise di allontanarsi.
Sarà proprio Fidolo a subentrare nella carica di superiore (morì con fama di
santo il 16 maggio del 540).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Aventino si ritirò in un luogo solitario lungo la Senna, lontano circa sette
miglia da Troyes. Aveva portato con sé solo del pane, dei legumi, una zappa e
qualche semente. Non voleva essere di peso a nessuno. Finalmente aveva
raggiunto la tranquillità desiderata, dividendo il suo tempo tra preghiera,
lavoro e penitenze. Dormiva poco, indossava una povera e rude veste, si cibava
solo tre giorni alla settimana. Passò qualche anno ma anche qui non sfuggì
all’ammirazione del popolo mentre non si era dimenticato di lui neppure il
vescovo S. Cameliano. Questi, che ben sapeva anche della sua conoscenza dei
Salmi e della Sacra Scrittura, gli conferì gli ordini sacri. La maturità degli
anni veniva coronata dal sacerdozio. Visse serenamente l'ultimo periodo della
vita celebrando la Messa nei pressi della sua capanna, a vantaggio degli
abitanti del posto. Esigente con se stesso guardava alle necessità del prossimo
con il suo grande cuore, operando anche la guarigione di alcuni malati. La sua
carità divenne leggendaria e si racconta che anche un orso, una notte, bussò
alla sua porta. Coricatosi a terra gli porse una zampa in cui era conficcata
una spina. L’eremita lo curò fasciandogli la ferita.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Si addormentò nella pace del Signore il 4 febbraio dell'anno 538.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Acclamato santo e patrono di quei luoghi, qualche anno dopo il vescovo Vincenzo
fece costruire una chiesa ove ripose le preziose reliquie e in cui volle poi
essere sepolto. Furono erette in suo onore cappelle e chiese, pure fuori dalla
Francia. Da tempo immemorabile è particolarmente invocato contro i mali di capo
e per le malattie nervose. Oggi nei pressi di Troyes una cittadina ha il suo
nome (Saint Aventin sous Verrières) e Creney lo venera Patrono.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sant’Aventino, eremita e sacerdote, non è da confondere con l’omonimo santo
vescovo di Chartres, morto nel 520, venerato anch’esso il 4 febbraio.<br />
<br />
PREGHIERA<br />
<br />
Fra le molte grazie che il Signore concede a intercessione vostra,<br />
glorioso sant’Aventino,<br />
frequenti sono le guarigioni dai mali di capo e da altri morbi nervosi,<br />
di cui da tempo immemorabile siete singolare protettore.<br />
Con tutta umiltà e fiducia io ricorro al vostro patrocinio<br />
e vi prego d’ottenermi dal Supremo Dator d’ogni bene la salute di mente<br />
e di corpo affinché possa con maggior fervore servire Dio<br />
e attendere ai doveri del mio stato.<br />
Vi domando non solo la liberazione dai mali di capo<br />
ma anche la grazia di vivere emulatore studioso dei vostri esempi<br />
affinché possa un dì pervenire all’eterna felicità,<br />
ove la fede mi guida, la speranza m’invita<br />
e regna eternamente la carità.<br />
Amen .</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Daniele Bolognini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92200">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92200</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes_02.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes_02.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">L'</span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes&action=edit&redlink=1" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="Église Saint-Aventin de Creney-près-Troyes (page does not exist)">église Saint-Aventin</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"> de Creney-près-Troyes, monument de culte classé par arrêté du 6 mai 1907.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">(</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHIWUybfcbw&ab_channel=Cit%C3%A9duVitrail" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHIWUybfcbw&ab_channel=Cit%C3%A9duVitrail</a>)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes_01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes_01.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">L'<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Église Saint-Aventin de Creney-près-Troyes (page does not exist)">église
Saint-Aventin</a> de Creney-près-Troyes, monument de culte classé par
arrêté du 6 mai 1907.</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">(</span><a href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00078094" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00078094</a>)</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Creney%2C_%C3%A9glise.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="592" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Creney%2C_%C3%A9glise.jpg" width="237" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">L'</span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Aventin_de_Creney-pr%C3%A8s-Troyes&action=edit&redlink=1" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="Église Saint-Aventin de Creney-près-Troyes (page does not exist)">église Saint-Aventin</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"> de Creney-près-Troyes, monument de culte classé par arrêté du 6 mai 1907.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Den hellige Aventinus av
Troyes ( -~538)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Minnedag: <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/minnedager/?date=2024-02-04">4.
februar</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Den hellige Aventinus
(fr: Aventin) eller Avertinus (fr: Avertin) ble født i andre halvdel av
400-tallet i Bourges i Midt-Frankrike. Han fikk en god kristen utdannelse og
dro til Troyes, tiltrukket av ryet til den hellige biskop <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/ltroyes">Lupus av Troyes</a>,
som i 451 hadde reddet byen fra hunerne under Attila ved å tilby seg som
gissel. Han ble Lupus' almissegiver, og sammen kjøpte de fri så mange slaver og
krigsfanger de kunne.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Da Lupus døde i 479,
gjorde hans etterfølger Camelianus Aventinus til økonom. Men senere trakk han
seg tilbake og begynte et liv som eremitt i Verrières. Der viet han seg til
kontemplasjon og askese. Biskop Camelianus viet Aventinus til prest, og på
slutten av sitt liv feiret han messe for befolkningen i området.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Han døde en 4. februar
rundt 538. Stedet han slo seg ned på, heter i dag Saint-Aventin. Hans relikvier
var i katedralen i Troyes frem til Den franske revolusjon. Hans minnedag er
dødsdagen 4. februar.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/kilder">Kilder</a>:
Benedictines, Bunson, KIR, Patron Saints SQPN, Infocatho, santiebeati.it -
Kompilasjon og oversettelse: p. <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/innenriks/peodden">Per Einar Odden</a> -
Opprettet: 2000-02-04 19:37 - Sist oppdatert: 2006-08-07 21:26<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/atroyes">https://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/atroyes</a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/EGLISE_DE_TRICHEY.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/EGLISE_DE_TRICHEY.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">L'église
Saint-Aventin-de-Troyes de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichey" title="Trichey">Trichey</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Aventinus van St-Aventin bij
Troyes, Frankrijk; kluizenaar & abt; † 537 of 540.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Feest 4 februari.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Zijn ouders waren
eenvoudige mensen uit de stad Bourges. Aanvankelijk stond hij 'als vrijgevige
econoom van het bisdom' in dienst van de heilige bisschoppen Lupus († 479;
feest 29 juli)en Camelianus van Troyes († 525; feest 28 juli).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Om zich nog meer aan God toe te wijden bouwde hij eerst een kluizenaarswoninkje
aan de buitenkant tegen de stadswal. Enige tijd later trok hij zich nog meer
terug in de bossen langs het beekje de Verrières.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Hij is één van de heiligen aan wie het wonder wordt toegeschreven dat zijn
tonnetje wijn nooit opraakte.<br />
Mensen en dieren zochten bij hem hun toevlucht: de mensen om verlost te worden
van de duivel die het op hen gemunt had; de dieren van de mensen die jacht op
hen maakten! Zo bood hij onderdak aan een opgejaagd hert en genas hij de poot
van een gewonde beer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://heiligen-3s.nl/voet_bronnen.php">Bronnen</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
[365p:18; Dries van den Akker s.j./2008.01.07]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© A. van den Akker
s.j.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/02/04/02-04-0540-aventin.php">https://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/02/04/02-04-0540-aventin.php</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi</b> : <a href="http://orthodoxievco.net/ecrits/vies/synaxair/fevrier/aventin2.pdf">http://orthodoxievco.net/ecrits/vies/synaxair/fevrier/aventin2.pdf</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-31696140877233096222024-02-03T06:28:00.000-08:002024-02-03T14:30:15.072-08:00Saint SYMEON le THÉODOQUE, juste et prophète<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Guido_Da_Siena_-_Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple_-_WGA10986.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="800" height="230" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Guido_Da_Siena_-_Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple_-_WGA10986.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Guido_da_Siena" title="w:fr:Guido da Siena">Guido da Siena</a> (1230–1290), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple" title="w:fr:Présentation de Jésus au Temple"><i>Présentation de Jésus au Temple</i></a>,
<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15974336" title="d:Q15974336">Dossale
di Badia Ardenga</a>, circa 1270, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempera" title="fr:Tempera">tempera</a> sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois" title="fr:Bois">bois</a>, 35 x 49, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" title="w:fr:Musée du Louvre">musée du Louvre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Syméon le Théodoque<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Religieux (Ier siècle)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ou Siméon "Celui qui
reçut Dieu".</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les Églises d'Orient
fêtent ce saint vieillard et la prophétesse <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1771/Sainte-Anne-de-Jerusalem.html" title="Sainte Anne de Jérusalem, Nouveau Testament : Prophétesse, fille de Phanuel">Anne</a> qui
accueillirent Jésus enfant au jour où ses parents le présentèrent au Temple de
Jérusalem. C'était un homme juste, poussé par l'Esprit-Saint qui était sur lui,
et qui rendit louange à Dieu d'avoir vu la lumière que le Peuple d'Israël
attendait depuis si longtemps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vieillard qui accueillit
l'enfant Jésus au Temple de Jérusalem. Après avoir vu et chanté
l'accomplissement du salut enfin réalisé dans le Christ, lumière de Nations et
gloire d'Israël, il put s'endormir dans la paix.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nunc dimittis: "
Maintenant, ô Maître, tu peux laisser ton serviteur s'en aller en paix, selon
ta parole. Car mes yeux ont vu ton salut, que tu as préparé à la face de tous
les peuples: lumière pour éclairer les nations païennes, et gloire d'Israël ton
peuple." (<a href="http://www.aelf.org/bible-liturgie/Lc/Evangile-de-Jeesus-Christ-selon-saint-Luc/chapitre/2" target="_blank">Lc 2, 29-32</a>). Fêté également le 8 octobre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>À Jérusalem,
commémoraison des saints Syméon et Anne, l'un, vieillard juste et religieux,
l'autre, veuve et prophètesse. Alors que Jésus enfant était présenté au Temple
par ses parents, ils saluèrent en lui le Messie Sauveur, l'espérance
bienheureuse et la rédemption d'Israël.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5563/Saint-Sym%C3%A9on-le-Th%C3%A9odoque.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5563/Saint-Sym%C3%A9on-le-Th%C3%A9odoque.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple_-_Gregorio_Lopes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="656" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple_-_Gregorio_Lopes.jpg" width="262" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Gregorio
Lopes, <i>Présentation de Jésus au Temple</i><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Récit de la Présentation
de Jésus au Temple<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La présentation de Jésus
racontée comme un roman historique</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=215&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Quand un couple donne vie à des enfants, on parle de famille. La famille �...">Famille</a> ,
dans le recueillement de la prière, franchit la majestueuse porte de Suse et
traversa en grande humilité tout le parvis des Gentils dallé de marbre blanc
puis le parvis des femmes; au fond resplendissait la porte Belle avec ses
ornements ruisselants d'or et d'argent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les trois pèlerins se
fondirent dans la foule des fidèles massés devant la porte de Nicanor et se
dressant sur la pointe des pieds pour apercevoir l'autel des holocaustes sur
lequel se consumaient les restes du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=540&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, les sacrifices d’animaux sont de divers types&...">sacrifice</a> du
matin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La porte de Nicanor,
pièce énorme coulée en <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=98&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Alliage de cuivre et d\'étain. Les limites chronologiques de l’âge du b...">bronze</a>,
mesurait vingt deux mètres et demi par dix-huit; elle dépassait en magnificence
toutes les autres portes du Temple. C'était «la porte du Temple» et le battant
de droite était marqué de la mezusah.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les riches venaient les
premiers, mettant <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=89&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Le bien est désirable, le bien vient de Dieu qui est bon (Ps 136,1) et tou...">bien</a> en
évidence l'agneau gras porté par un serviteur. Mais eux qu'on devinait être
venus de la campagne, se devaient de céder le pas aux plus pauvres de
Jérusalem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quand son tour fut venu,
Marie souleva la corbeille aux deux tourterelles. La rougeur qui empourpra
alors son beau visage n'exprimait pas le sentiment de l'humiliation de
présenter l'offrande des pauvres, le qorban'ani, mais la vive émotion qu'elle
ressentait dans la prière.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le prêtre de service prit
une tourterelle, l'immola selon le geste rituel et la lança dans les flammes.
Ayant égorgé la seconde en victime d'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=209&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="du latin expiare, purifier.&nbsp;Action par laquelle on répare une faute. ...">expiation</a>,
il en versa le sang devant l'autel que, de son doigt empourpré, il marqua aux
quatre coins; il réserva la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=113&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La chair (ou "la chair et le sang") désigne la créature (âme e...">chair</a> pour
les lévites.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Puis, il se dirigea vers
Marie qu'il proclama désormais pure devant la Loi. Ce fut à ce moment que <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> déclara
au prêtre que Jésus était son premier-né. Il le remit donc entre les bras
du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=368&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Du latin&nbsp;minister, «&nbsp;serviteur&nbsp;». Les ministres de l�...">ministre</a> du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a> qui,
dans un geste symbolique, le dédia au service divin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quand ensuite le prêtre
lui demanda s'il désirait le racheter selon la prescription de la Loi, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> présenta
six sicles d'argent neufs en récitant une invocation. Le prêtre lui rendit
l'Enfant en disant: «Cet argent est reçu pour son rachat. Sois béni, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=532&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="En Israël, le premier roi fut Saül, puis David et Salomon. Ensuite, un sc...">Roi</a> de
l'univers, qui nous a sanctifiés par tes commandements et qui nous a prescrit
le rachat du premier-né».<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Humbles et réservés,
Marie et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> se
retiraient quand un vieillard les aborda les suppliant de pouvoir porter
l'Enfant dans ses bras.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">D'une voix frémissante,
chargée de toutes les attentes et de tous les espoirs, il entonne le chant de
sa prière inspirée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A. Olivan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/recit-de-la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/recit-de-la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Arnau_Bassa_-_Triptych_with_Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Crucifixion_and_the_Annunciation_-_Walters_37468_-_A_T_Right_Bottom.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="532" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Arnau_Bassa_-_Triptych_with_Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Crucifixion_and_the_Annunciation_-_Walters_37468_-_A_T_Right_Bottom.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Entourage
d’<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Arnau_Bassa" title="w:fr:Arnau Bassa">Arnau Bassa</a> (–1348) / Entourage
de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Ferrer_Bassa" title="w:fr:Ferrer Bassa">Ferrer Bassa</a> (1285/1290 – 1348), Triptych
with Madonna and Child with the Crucifixion and the Annunciation, circa 1340-1348,
tempera and gold leaf on panel, 184,9 x 126,8, Acquired by Henry Walters, 1931,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Walters_Art_Museum" title="w:fr:Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Le vieillard Syméon selon
les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 25-26)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Luc 2, 25-26 -
Syméon : le commentaire des Pères de l'Eglise<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Et voici qu'il y avait à
Jérusalem un homme du nom de Syméon. Cet homme était juste et pieux ; il
attendait la consolation d'Israël et l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=194&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="L’Esprit, qui a présidé à la formation des Ecritures, préside aussi �...">Esprit
Saint</a> reposait sur lui. Et il avait été divinement averti par l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=194&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="L’Esprit, qui a présidé à la formation des Ecritures, préside aussi �...">Esprit
Saint</a> qu'il ne verrait pas la mort avant d'avoir vu le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint Bède :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"L'Évangéliste nous
dit qu'il était juste et craignant Dieu, parce qu'il est difficile de conserver
la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=306&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Vertu cardinale. Constante et ferme volonté de donner à Dieu et au procha...">justice</a> sans
la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=149&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Don de l’Esprit Saint par lequel nous faisons tout pour éviter de passer...">crainte</a>,
non pas cette <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=149&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Don de l’Esprit Saint par lequel nous faisons tout pour éviter de passer...">crainte</a> qui
redoute de se voir enlever les biens de la terre (et que la charité parfaite
chasse dehors), mais cette <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=119&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Une personne chaste maîtrise ses passions, avec la grâce de Dieu. Elle de...">chaste</a> <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=149&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Don de l’Esprit Saint par lequel nous faisons tout pour éviter de passer...">crainte</a> de
Dieu qui demeure éternellement, et qui porte le juste à fuir toute offense de
Dieu, d'autant plus soigneusement qu'il a pour lui un <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=28&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Source de joie indicible, l’amour (hébreu&nbsp;: ahabah) vient de Dieu. ...">amour</a> plus
ardent."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Ambroise :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Oui il était
véritablement juste, lui qui cherchait, non pas sa consolation, mais celle de
son peuple : « Et il attendait la consolation d'Israël. »"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint Grégoire de
Nysse :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Ce n'est point la
félicité de ce monde que le sage Siméon attendait pour la consolation d'Israël,
mais le vrai passage pour son peuple aux splendeurs de la vérité qui devaient
l'arracher aux ombres de la loi, car il lui avait été révélé qu'il verrait
le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a> avant
de quitter la terre : « Et l'Esprit saint était en lui (comme
principe de sa <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=306&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Vertu cardinale. Constante et ferme volonté de donner à Dieu et au procha...">justice</a>), et
il lui avait été révélé, » etc."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Ambroise :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Il désirait sans
doute voir se briser les liens qui l'attachaient à ce corps fragile et
périssable, mais il attendait de voir celui qui était promis, car il savait
qu'heureux seraient les yeux qui mériteraient de le voir."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Grégoire :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Nous pouvons juger
de là combien vifs et ardents étaient les désirs des saints du peuple d'Israël,
pour voir le mystère de l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=280&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="En Jésus, Dieu s’est fait homme. L’église a précisé qu’en Jésus,...">incarnation</a> du
Sauveur."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Extraits de "La
chaîne d'or". Explication suivie des quatre composée des interprètes grecs
et latins et surtout des ss. Pères, traduction par l'abbé J.-M. Peronne, 1868)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">St Thomas d'Aquin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/le-vieillard-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-25-26">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/le-vieillard-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-25-26</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Maestro_bertram_di_minden%2C_presentazione_al_tempio%2C_amburgo_1380-90_ca..JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="800" height="269" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Maestro_bertram_di_minden%2C_presentazione_al_tempio%2C_amburgo_1380-90_ca..JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Maestro
Bertram di Minden, <i>Presentazione al Tempio</i>, Amburgo 1380-1390 ca.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La bénédiction de Syméon
selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 28-29)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Luc 2, 28-29 - Il bénit
Dieu : le commentaire des Pères de l'Eglise<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Et il bénit Dieu en
disant :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Maintenant, ô Maître, tu
peux laisser ton serviteur s'en aller dans la paix, selon ta parole...<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon Origène :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"S'il suffit à une
femme malade de toucher simplement le bord du vêtement de Jésus pour être
guérie, que devons-nous penser de Siméon, qui tint ce divin enfant dans ses
bras ? Quelle dut être sa <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=308&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title=""Ne te prive pas du bonheur d’un jour" dit le sage (Si 14, 14)....">joie</a> de
porter dans ses bras celui qui était venu pour briser les chaînes des captifs,
et qui seul, il le savait, pouvait le tirer de la prison de son corps avec
l'espérance de la vie future ? « Et il bénit Dieu en disant :
C'est maintenant, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>,
que vous laisserez aller en paix votre serviteur. »"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint Basile :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Si vous examinez
les paroles des justes, vous trouverez que tous gémissent sur les misères de ce
monde, et sur la triste prolongation de cette vie : « Malheur à moi,
dit <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=158&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La Bible nous parle abondamment de David, mais les recherches archéologiqu...">David</a>,
parce que mon <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=207&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="S’exiler signifie quitter sa terre. «&nbsp;L’Exil&nbsp;» désigne par...">exil</a> s'est
prolongé. »"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Ambroise :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Considérez ce juste
qui désire voir tomber les murs épais de la prison de son corps pour commencer
à être avec Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>.
Mais que celui qui veut sincèrement sa délivrance, vienne dans le temple, qu'il
se rende à Jérusalem, qu'il attende la venue du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>,
qu'il reçoive dans ses mains le Verbe de Dieu, et qu'il le tienne embrassé pour
ainsi dire dans les bras de sa <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=228&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Jésus ressuscité dit aux disciples : «&nbsp;Allez dans le monde entier, ...">foi</a> ;
alors les liens se briseront, et il ne verra point la mort, parce qu'il aura vu
de ses yeux celui qui est la vie."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint Grégoire de
Nysse :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Dès que Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> a
détruit le péché qui nous rendait les ennemis de Dieu et qu'il nous a
réconciliés avec son Père, les saints quittent cette vie dans une profonde
paix."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon Origène :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Quel est celui, en
effet, qui sort de ce monde en paix, si ce n'est celui qui a compris que Dieu
était en Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>,
se réconciliant le monde, qui n'a rien en lui de contraire à Dieu, mais qui,
par ses bonnes oeuvres, a établi dans son âme une paix parfaite ?"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Extraits de "La
chaîne d'or". Explication suivie des quatre composée des interprètes grecs
et latins et surtout des ss. Pères, traduction par l'abbé J.-M. Peronne, 1868)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">St Thomas d'Aquin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-benediction-de-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-28-29">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-benediction-de-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-28-29</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Presentaci%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_el_Templo_(Biblia_moralizada_de_N%C3%A1poles).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="601" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Presentaci%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_el_Templo_(Biblia_moralizada_de_N%C3%A1poles).jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pintura de la escena bíblica de la <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentaci%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_el_Templo" title="es:Presentación de Jesús en el Templo">Presentación de Jesús en el
Templo</a> en la <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_moralizada_de_N%C3%A1poles" title="es:Biblia moralizada de Nápoles">Biblia moralizada de Nápoles</a> (ca.
1340-1350), <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="es:Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">Biblioteca Nacional de Francia</a>.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La profession de foi de
Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 30-32)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Luc 2, 30-32 - Car mes
yeux : le commentaire des Pères de l'Eglise<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Car mes yeux ont vu
ton <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a>,
que tu as préparé à la face de tous les peuples : lumière pour éclairer
les nations païennes, et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> d'Israël
ton peuple.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint Grégoire de
Nysse :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Bienheureux les
yeux et de votre âme et de votre corps, ceux-ci, parce qu'ils ont joui de la
présence visible de Dieu ; ceux-là, parce que sans s'arrêter à ce spectacle
visible, ils ont été éclairés des splendeurs de l'Esprit et ont reconnu le
Verbe de Dieu dans une <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=113&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La chair (ou "la chair et le sang") désigne la créature (âme e...">chair</a> mortelle,
car ce Sauveur que vos yeux ont vu, c'est Jésus lui-même, dont le nom seul
annonce le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a> à
la terre."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Cyrille :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Or l'avènement
du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> était
ce mystère qui a été révélé dans les derniers temps, mais qui avait été préparé
dès l'origine du monde, c'est pour cela que Siméon ajoute : « Que
vous avez préparé devant la face de tous les peuples, » etc."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Athanase :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Il veut parler ici
du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a> que
Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> est
venu apporter à l'univers entier. Comment donc est-il dit plus haut que Siméon
attendait la consolation d'Israël ? C'est que l'Esprit saint lui avait
fait connaître, que le peuple d'Israël recevrait sa consolation, lorsque
le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a> serait
révélé à tous les peuples de la terre."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Théophyle :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"C'est d'une manière
significative que Siméon dit : « Devant la face de tous les peuples, »
car l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=280&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="En Jésus, Dieu s’est fait homme. L’église a précisé qu’en Jésus,...">incarnation</a> du
Sauveur devait apparaître à tous les hommes. Il ajoute que ce <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a> sera
la lumière des nations et la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> d'Israël :
« Pour être la lumière qui éclairera les nations. »"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Athanase :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"En effet, avant
l'avènement de Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>,
les nations étaient plongées dans les plus profondes ténèbres, privées qu'elles
étaient de la connaissance du vrai Dieu."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Cyrille :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Mais Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>,
par son <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=280&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="En Jésus, Dieu s’est fait homme. L’église a précisé qu’en Jésus,...">incarnation</a>,
est devenu la lumière de ceux qui étaient ensevelis dans les ténèbres de
l'ignorance et de l'erreur, et sur lesquels la main du démon s'était
appesantie ; et ils ont été appelés par Dieu le Père à la connaissance de
son Fils, qui est la vraie lumière."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Athanase :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Le peuple d'Israël
était éclairé, quoique faiblement, par la loi, aussi le vieillard Siméon ne dit
pas que le Sauveur est venu leur apporter la lumière, mais il ajoute :
« Pour être la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> d'Israël,
votre peuple. » Il rappelle le souvenir de l'histoire des <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=37&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Anciens, ou personne âgée. La Vierge Marie a rencontré des anciens, nota...">anciens</a> temps,
alors que Moise sortait de ses entretiens avec Dieu, la figure toute rayonnante
de <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> ;
ainsi après avoir eux-mêmes contemplé la divine lumière que répand l'humanité
du Verbe, ils devaient rejeter le voile ancien pour être transformés en la même
image de clarté en clarté, et de <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> en <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a>."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon Grégoire de
Nysse :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Siméon dit avec
dessein : « De votre peuple, » parce que non seulement il en a
été adoré, mais il a voulu naître de ce peuple selon la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=113&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La chair (ou "la chair et le sang") désigne la créature (âme e...">chair</a>."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Extraits de "La
chaîne d'or". Explication suivie des quatre composée des interprètes grecs
et latins et surtout des ss. Pères, traduction par l'abbé J.-M. Peronne, 1868)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">St Thomas d'Aquin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-profession-de-foi-de-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-30-32">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-profession-de-foi-de-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-30-32</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Presentation_of_the_Christ_Child_in_the_Temple%2C_Jacopo_del_Casentino%2C_Florence%2C_1330_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08294.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Presentation_of_the_Christ_Child_in_the_Temple%2C_Jacopo_del_Casentino%2C_Florence%2C_1330_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08294.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Jacopo_di_Casentino" title="w:fr:Jacopo di Casentino">Jacopo di Casentino</a> (–1358), <i>Presentation
of the Christ Child in the Temple</i>, 1330, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas
City, Missouri, USA</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La prophétie de Syméon
(Lc 2, 35)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Un glaive te transpercera
(Lc 2, 34-35)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Syméon fait d’abord à Marie
et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> une
première révélation concernant Jésus: il sera "la lumière pour éclairer
les nations", "la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> d’Israël
son peuple" (Lc 2,32) se référant aux prophéties d’Isaïe (Is 42,6 et
49,6).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Son père et sa mère
s’émerveillent. Et Syméon clarifie la révélation, la lumière pour les nations
passe d’abord par Israël, elle sera acceptée ou refusée :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« Syméon les bénit
et dit à Marie, sa mère: "Vois! cet enfant doit amener la chute et le
relèvement d'un grand nombre en Israël; il doit être un <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=571&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Un signe est une réalité porteuse d’une signification.Nombreux sont ceu...">signe</a> en
butte à la contradiction, - et toi-même, une épée te transpercera l'âme! --
afin que se révèlent les pensées intimes de <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=89&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Le bien est désirable, le bien vient de Dieu qui est bon (Ps 136,1) et tou...">bien</a> des
cœurs." »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Luc 2,34-35)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quel est le sens de cette
épée ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’épée est d'abord la
parole de Dieu : les arguments sont très nombreux :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l'Ancien <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=594&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La nouvelle Alliance en Jésus étant fortement liée à la mort de Jésus,...">Testament</a>, le
serviteur souffrant dit : le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a> « a
fait de ma bouche une épée tranchante » (Is 49,2)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Plus tard, quand la
communauté hébraïque est menacée de destruction par l’hellénisme, elle résiste
en demeurant fidèle à la Parole de Dieu qui est sa véritable arme, sa véritable
épée : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=301&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="De l’hébreu Yehoûdâh, la transcription "Judas" est employée...">Judas</a> Maccabées
a la vision de Jérémie, le prophète, l’homme de la parole qui lui donne une
« épée d'or » en disant « "Prends ce glaive saint, il est
un don de Dieu, avec lui tu briseras les ennemis." » (2Macc 15,15-16)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le Targum Ct 3,8 :
le texte du Cantique dit que « chacun porte son épée à son côté ». Le
targum paraphrase : « les prêtres, les lévites et toutes les tribus
d’Israël ont au poing les préceptes de la loi qui sont comme une épée… et ils
portent le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=571&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Un signe est une réalité porteuse d’une signification.Nombreux sont ceu...">signe</a> de
la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=126&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ablation du prépuce demandée à Abraham (Gn 17), puis fixée au 8° jour ...">circoncision</a>… »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">De nombreux midrashim
expliquent que les consonnes du mot épée sont les mêmes consonnes du mot Horeb
(le mont Sinaï) où fut donné la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=603&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Tout le Pentateuque (les 5 premiers livres de la Bible), contenant la rév�...">Torah</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=364&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La démarche du midrash est typiquement de rechercher les sens possibles de...">midrash</a> explique
aussi que cette épée qu’elle a deux tranchants de multiples façons, par exemple
parce que la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=603&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Tout le Pentateuque (les 5 premiers livres de la Bible), contenant la rév�...">Torah</a> et
écrite et orale…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En saint Luc, au
seuil de la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=443&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La Passion (avec une majuscule)&nbsp;est la souffrance du Christ avant sa m...">passion</a>,
Jésus invite à vendre son manteau et à prendre chacun un glaive (Lc 22,36),
mais Jésus n’entend pas l’épée au sens matériel (Lc 22,50), il invite à prendre
l’épée de la Parole de Dieu pour avoir le discernement spirituel et ne pas
tomber en tentation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l’épître aux Hébreux,
l’auteur compare la parole de Jésus à celle de Mo?se lors de la sortie d’<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=180&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Au XIII° siècle avant J-C, l’autorité de l’Egypte sur Canaan était ...">Egypte</a> puis
il dit : « Vivante, en effet, est la parole de Dieu, efficace et plus
incisive qu'aucun glaive à deux tranchants, elle pénètre jusqu'au point de
division de l'âme et de l'esprit, des articulations et des moelles, elle peut
juger les sentiments et les pensées du cœ<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=615&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Prestigieuse cité sumérienne du III° millénaire av. J-C., située sur l...">ur</a>. »
(He 4,12).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=447&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Pharisien et citoyen romain, Saul avait une haute position. Il persécuta l...">Paul</a>,
cite parmi les armes du combat spirituel, « le glaive de l'Esprit,
c'est-à-dire la Parole de Dieu. » (Ep 6,17)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l’<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=48&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Apocalypse signifie Révélation. Ce mot désigne des écrits évoquant les...">Apocalypse</a>, le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> apparaît
comme un cavalier avec une épée, sa parole (Ap 1,16 ; 2,16 ;19,15.21)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans cette
tradition, le texte de l’Evangile (Luc 2,35) signifie que Marie est
traversée par la parole de Dieu dans toute sa vie, parole qui produit la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=325&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Prière d’amour désintéressé, prière contemplative, la louange inaugu...">louange</a>,
l’exultation, l’<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=287&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="En tant que don de l’Esprit Saint, l’intelligence fait comprendre les c...">intelligence</a>,
sérénité, la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=228&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Jésus ressuscité dit aux disciples : «&nbsp;Allez dans le monde entier, ...">foi</a>,
et aussi la douleur ; le glaive signifie la parole de Dieu, le dessein de
Dieu, qui englobe toute la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=372&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La première mission est celle du Christ et de l’Esprit Saint envoyés da...">mission</a> de
Marie, y compris sa douleur, de même qu’Isaïe contient aussi les prophéties du
serviteur souffrant.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cette interprétation est
la plus vaste et la plus ancienne.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La tradition chrétienne
reprend ce symbolisme :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pour saint Ambroise,
l’épée symbolise toute la parole de Jésus, tout le dessein de Dieu, et le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=223&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«"Le Père des miséricordes a voulu que l’Incarnation fût précé...">Fiat</a> de
Marie dure toute sa vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">De même, Rupert de Deutz,
Adam Scot s’appuie sur He 4,12. Origène s’appuie sur He 4,12 et le rapproche du
scandale de la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=443&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La Passion (avec une majuscule)&nbsp;est la souffrance du Christ avant sa m...">Passion</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Un tableau de Giovanni di
Paolo, « la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=631&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Qui n’a pas eu de rapports sexuels. Se dit aussi d’Israël ou de l’Eg...">Vierge</a> au
manteau » représente Marie, très grande, beaucoup plus grande que les
autres personnages, parce que le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a> fit
en elle de grandes choses. Elle est debout et sur sa tunique est dessinée une
grande épée portant les évangélistes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Syméon annonce que Jésus
sera un <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=571&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Un signe est une réalité porteuse d’une signification.Nombreux sont ceu...">signe</a> de
contradiction, et que Marie lui sera associée, partagera le refus qu’on lui
opposera.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La tradition chrétienne a
surtout accentué le fait que l’épée est la douleur de Marie lors de la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=443&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La Passion (avec une majuscule)&nbsp;est la souffrance du Christ avant sa m...">Passion</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cette interprétation
dérive de l'interprétation précédente. La Parole est en butte à la contradiction
et la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=154&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Deux pièces de bois croisées utilisées comme gibet. La croix était util...">Croix</a> de
la contradiction devient une épée de douleur.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On pourrait citer en ce
sens :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Augustin, Bède le
vénérable, les médiévaux en général,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">et de nombreux orientaux
tels que :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Cyrille
d’Alexandrie, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=295&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Disciple puis apôtre du Seigneur Jésus, il est témoin de sa transfigurat...">Jean</a> Damascène,
Nicolas Cabasilas…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A.SERRA, La profezia di
Simeone (Lc 2,34-35) nella tradizione greco-latina dei secoli II-XIV Contenuti
e proposte, in <i>Marianum</i> 60 (1998) cf pp. 309-311 ; 377-381 ;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A.SERRA, La Spada: simbolo
della Parola di Dio, nell’Antico Testamento biblico-giudaico e nel Nuovo
Testamento, in <i>Marianum</i> 63 (2001), pp. 17-89<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A.VALENTINI, Il secondo
annuncio a Maria, in <i>Marianum </i>50 (1988), pp.290-322<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">G. ROSSE., Approcci
esegetici al testo della presentazione, in <i>Theotokos</i> 6 (1998), pp 17-30<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aristide SERRA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chapitre : Lc
2,21-35 La Présentation de Jésus au temple (Ecriture)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/recit-de-la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple" title="Récit de la Présentation de Jésus au Temple">Récit de la Présentation de
Jésus au Temple</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/circoncision-rachat-et-purification-lc-2-21-24" title="Circoncision, rachat, et purification (Lc 2, 21-24)">Circoncision,
rachat, et purification (Lc 2, 21-24)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-purification-disrael-lc-2-22" title="La purification d'Israël (Lc 2, 22)">La purification d'Israël
(Lc 2, 22)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/le-vieillard-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-25-26" title="Le vieillard Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 25-26)">Le
vieillard Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 25-26)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/symeon-au-temple-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-27" title="Syméon au Temple selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 27)">Syméon au
Temple selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 27)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-benediction-de-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-28-29" title="La bénédiction de Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 28-29)">La
bénédiction de Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 28-29)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-profession-de-foi-de-symeon-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-30-32" title="La profession de foi de Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 30-32)">La
profession de foi de Syméon selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 30-32)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/letonnement-de-joseph-et-marie-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-33" title="L'étonnement de Joseph et Marie selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 33)">L'étonnement
de Joseph et Marie selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 33)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/jesus-signe-de-contradiction-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-34" title="Jésus, signe de contradiction selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 34)">Jésus,
signe de contradiction selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 34)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-prophetie-de-symeon-lc-2-35" title="La prophétie de Syméon (Lc 2, 35)">La prophétie de Syméon
(Lc 2, 35)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/anne-la-prophetesse-lc-2-36-38" title="Anne la Prophétesse (Lc 2, 36-38)">Anne la Prophétesse (Lc 2,
36-38)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-presentation-de-jesus-dans-la-liturgie" title="La Présentation de Jésus dans la liturgie">La Présentation de Jésus dans
la liturgie</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-selon-saint-jean-paul-ii-1996" title="La Présentation de Jésus au Temple selon saint Jean-Paul II (1996)">La
Présentation de Jésus au Temple selon saint Jean-Paul II (1996)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-prophetie-de-symeon-lc-2-35">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-prophetie-de-symeon-lc-2-35</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_-_The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_-_WGA13480.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="550" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_-_The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_-_WGA13480.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_di_Ges%C3%B9_al_Tempio_(Ambrogio_Lorenzetti)" title="Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio (Ambrogio Lorenzetti)">Presentazione di
Gesù al Tempio</a> (<a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1342" title="1342">1342</a>), tempera su tavola, di <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Lorenzetti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ambrogio Lorenzetti (la pagina non esiste)">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a>.</span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti" title="w:fr:Ambrogio Lorenzetti">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a> (1290–1348),
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple" title="w:fr:Présentation de Jésus au Temple"><i>Présentation de Jésus au Temple</i></a>,
1342, 257 x 168, galerie des Office</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>L'étonnement de Joseph et
Marie selon les Pères de l'Église (Lc 2, 33)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Luc 2, 33 - Ils
s'étonnaient : le commentaire des Pères de l'Eglise<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le père et la mère de
l’enfant s’étonnaient de ce qu’on disait de lui.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon "la Chaîne des
Pères grecs" :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Chaque fois que la
connaissance des choses surnaturelles revient à la mémoire, chaque fois aussi
elles produisent dans l'âme un nouveau sentiment d'admiration et
d'étonnement : « Et le père et la mère de Jésus étaient dans
l'admiration des choses que l'on disait de lui. »"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon Origène :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Des choses qui
avaient été annoncées par l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=32&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Hébreu malehak&nbsp;;grec, aggelos&nbsp;; signifie « envoyé de Dieu&nbsp...">ange</a> et
publiées par la multitude de l'armée céleste, aussi <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=89&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Le bien est désirable, le bien vient de Dieu qui est bon (Ps 136,1) et tou...">bien</a> que
par les bergers et par Siméon lui-même."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint Bède :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> est
appelé le père du Sauveur, non qu'il soit véritablement son père (comme les
photiniens l'ont osé blasphémer), mais parce que Dieu voulait qu'il passât aux
yeux de tous pour son père, afin de sauvegarder la réputation de Marie."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon saint
Augustin :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Il peut être appelé
d'ailleurs le père de Jésus dans le même sens qu'il est appelé l'époux de
Marie, sans avoir avec elle aucun rapport charnel, et par le seul fait de
l'union conjugale ; et à ce titre il est son père d'une manière plus
étroite que s'il l'avait adopté pour son enfant.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Car pourquoi refuser
à <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> le
nom de père de Jésus-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>,
parce qu'il ne l'avait pas engendré, alors qu'il pourrait être appelé très-<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=89&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Le bien est désirable, le bien vient de Dieu qui est bon (Ps 136,1) et tou...">bien</a> le
père d'un enfant qu'il aurait adopté, sans même que son épouse en fût la
mère ?"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon Origène :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Si l'on désire une
raison plus élevée, voici ce que l'on peut répondre : la suite de la
généalogie descend de <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=158&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La Bible nous parle abondamment de David, mais les recherches archéologiqu...">David</a> à <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> ;
or, on ne verrait pas trop pourquoi le nom de <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> s'y
trouve, puisqu'il n'est pas le père du Sauveur ; il est donc appelé le
père du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>,
pour ne point déranger l'ordre de la généalogie."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Extraits de "La
chaîne d'or". Explication suivie des quatre composée des interprètes grecs
et latins et surtout des ss. Pères, traduction par l'abbé J.-M. Peronne, 1868)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">St Thomas d'Aquin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/letonnement-de-joseph-et-marie-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-33">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/letonnement-de-joseph-et-marie-selon-les-peres-de-leglise-lc-2-33</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Simone_dei_crocifissi%2C_sette_episodi_della_vita_di_maria1396-98_ca%2C_da_polittico_cospi_in_s._petronio_05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="800" height="242" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Simone_dei_crocifissi%2C_sette_episodi_della_vita_di_maria1396-98_ca%2C_da_polittico_cospi_in_s._petronio_05.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Simone
dei Crocifissi, <i>Sette episodi della vita di Maria</i>,1396-1398 ca, da polittico
cospi in S. Petronio, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna</span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La Présentation de Jésus
dans la liturgie</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Présentation de Jésus,
une fête qui vient de loin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La fête du 2 février
célèbre un évènement raconté par <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38">l'Evangile
de saint Luc (Lc 2, 22-40).</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Née à Jérusalem au 4ème
siècle, la fête du 2 février fut introduite à <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=531&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La fondation de Rome a été fixée par la tradition en 753 av. J –C. Jé...">Rome</a> probablement
sous le pontificat de Théodore (642-649), un pape né en Grèce dans une <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=215&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Quand un couple donne vie à des enfants, on parle de famille. La famille �...">famille</a> originaire
de Jérusalem.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Attention, il n’y a pas
de calendrier universel :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- à Jérusalem, nous
avons, quarante jours après le 6 janvier (épiphanie), la Présentation ou
Hypapante, le 14 février ;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- à <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=531&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La fondation de Rome a été fixée par la tradition en 753 av. J –C. Jé...">Rome</a>,
nous avons, quarante jours après le 25 décembre, la Présentation ou
purification de Marie, le 2 février.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=531&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La fondation de Rome a été fixée par la tradition en 753 av. J –C. Jé...">Rome</a>,
il y avait le 2 février le souvenir d’une procession pa?enne pour conjurer les
fièvres à <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=531&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La fondation de Rome a été fixée par la tradition en 753 av. J –C. Jé...">Rome</a>,
à cause de cela, la procession chrétienne eut un caractère pénitentiel, avec
des vêtements violets. La procession romaine aura un double caractère,
pénitentiel (couleur violacée) et de fête (cierges en honneur du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>,
"lumière pour éclairer les nations" Lc 2,32).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Jésus (à 8 jours) arrive
dans le temple de Jérusalem.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le temple était construit
pour la présence de Dieu, et pour le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=438&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Le pardon efface la faute, il est une force constructive. Il fait partie de...">pardon</a> de
Dieu. Voici que Jésus, qui est Dieu, le fils de Dieu incarné, y vient,
renouvelant toute chose. C'est pourquoi on lit aussi le prophète Malachie (Ml
3, 1-4).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=631&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Qui n’a pas eu de rapports sexuels. Se dit aussi d’Israël ou de l’Eg...">Vierge</a> Marie
est importante dans cet évènement, puisque c'est elle qui porte l'enfant Jésus.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Exprimant la richesse de
l'évènement, le nom de la fête a beaucoup varié, en voici six titres :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le 40° jour.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La fête de la rencontre,
« Hypapante », rencontre entre le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> et
son peuple, à Jérusalem, le peuple est représenté par Syméon et Anne. [1]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La fête de saint Syméon.
[1]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Présentation du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’entrée du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a> au
temple (<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=179&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="- L’Eglise-Sacrement du Christ&nbsp;: «&nbsp;"Le saint Concile souh...">Eglise</a> syrienne).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La purification de Marie
au temple. (Déjà dans la tradition Gélasienne [2] apparaît le titre de la fête
"purification de Marie", un titre qui persistera dans la liturgie
romaine jusqu’en 1969.)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’important est de
comprendre que c’est une fête qui dépend de la fête de Noël.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[1] cf. L.DUCHESNE, Pape
Serges I (687-701), <i>Liber Pontificalis I</i>, p. 376<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[2] cf. A.
CHAVASSE. <i>Le sacramentaire gélasien</i> (Vaticanus Reginemis 316). Toumai
1958. pp. 401-402<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">F. Breynaert<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cf. Ignazio
Calabuig, Il culto di Maria in occidente,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In <i>Pontificio Istituto
Liturgico sant’Anselmo. Scientia Liturgica</i>,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">sotto la direzione di
A.J. CHUPUNGCO, vol V, Piemme 1998.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-presentation-de-jesus-dans-la-liturgie">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-presentation-de-jesus-dans-la-liturgie</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_-_Presentation_in_the_Temple_-_WGA06761.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="763" height="315" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_-_Presentation_in_the_Temple_-_WGA06761.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Duccio_di_Buoninsegna" title="w:fr:Duccio di Buoninsegna">Duccio di Buoninsegna</a> (1255–1319),
<i>Présentation de l’<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Enfant_J%C3%A9sus" title="w:fr:Enfant Jésus">Enfant Jésus</a> au Temple</i>,<i> La Maestà</i>, circa 1308-1311, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">42,5 x 43, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Museo_dell%27Opera_Metropolitana_del_Duomo_(Sienne)" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="w:fr:Museo dell'Opera Metropolitana del Duomo (Sienne)">Museo dell'Opera
Metropolitana del Duomo</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;"> (en </span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Français">français</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;"> :
Musée de l'Œuvre de la Cathédrale, qui conserve les œuvres des artistes qui
travaillèrent au cours des siècles à l'intérieur du </span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4me_de_Sienne" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Dôme de Sienne">dôme</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">,
du </span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist%C3%A8re_San_Giovanni_(Sienne)" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Baptistère San Giovanni (Sienne)">baptistère</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;"> et de l'</span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_de_la_Compagnie_de_Saint_Bernardin" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Oratoire de la Compagnie de Saint Bernardin">oratoire de San Bernardino</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">),
</span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienne" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="Sienne">Sienne</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La Présentation de Jésus
au Temple selon saint Jean-Paul II (1996)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lc 2, 22-35 : vue
d'ensemble (Jean Paul II)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Et lorsque furent
accomplis les jours pour leur purification, selon la Loi de Moïse, ils
l'emmenèrent à Jérusalem pour le présenter au <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>,
selon qu'il est écrit dans la Loi du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>:
tout garçon premier-né sera consacré au <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>,
et pour offrir en <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=540&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, les sacrifices d’animaux sont de divers types&...">sacrifice</a>,
selon ce qu'il est dit dans la Loi du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>,
un couple de tourterelles ou deux jeunes colombes »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Lc 2, 22-24)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l'épisode de la
présentation de Jésus au Temple, saint Luc souligne le destin <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=356&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Qui concerne le messie. L’attente messianique était l’attente du messi...">messianique</a> de
Jésus.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L'objectif principal du
voyage de la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=215&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Quand un couple donne vie à des enfants, on parle de famille. La famille �...">Famille</a> de
Bethléem à Jérusalem est, selon le texte de Luc, l'accomplissement de la
loi de Moïse, qui prévoit la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=126&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ablation du prépuce demandée à Abraham (Gn 17), puis fixée au 8° jour ...">circoncision</a> d'un
enfant garçon, le rachat d'un fils premier né, et la purification de la mère.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cette loi cependant
n'oblige pas à monter à Jérusalem pour accomplir ces actes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il y a donc une
surabondance de piété dans l'attitude des parents de Jésus.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=295&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Disciple puis apôtre du Seigneur Jésus, il est témoin de sa transfigurat...">Jean</a> <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=447&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Pharisien et citoyen romain, Saul avait une haute position. Il persécuta l...">Paul</a> II
explique la richesse de la démarche de Marie et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Une consécration à Dieu</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Par ce geste, Marie
et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> manifestent
leur intention d'obéir fidèlement à la volonté de Dieu, en refusant toute forme
de privilège. Leur venue dans le temple de Jérusalem prend la signification
d'une consécration à Dieu, dans le lieu où il est présent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L'offrande des
colombes : une anticipation du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=540&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, les sacrifices d’animaux sont de divers types&...">sacrifice</a> de
l'Agneau...<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Obligée par sa pauvreté à
offrir des tourterelles ou des colombes, Marie donne en réalité le véritable
Agneau qui devra racheter l'humanité, anticipant par son geste ce qui était
préfiguré dans les offrandes rituelles de l'Antique <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=24&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dieu crée le monde par sa parole&nbsp;: la créature est une réponse, la ...">Alliance</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Un dépassement de la loi</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alors que la Loi ne
demandait qu'à la Mère de se purifier après l'enfantement, Luc parle des «jours
pour leur purification» (Lc 2, 22), entendant peut-être indiquer en même
temps les prescriptions qui concernent la Mère et le Fils premier-né.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L'expression
« purification » peut nous surprendre, car elle se rapporte à une
Mère qui avait obtenue, par une grâce spéciale, d'être immaculée dès le premier
moment de son existence, et à un enfant totalement saint. Cependant, il faut se
rappeler qu'il ne s'agissait pas de purifier sa conscience de la tache d'un
péché quelconque, mais seulement de retrouver la pureté rituelle, qui, selon
les idées de l'époque, était entachée par le simple fait de l'enfantement, sans
qu'il n'existe aucune forme de <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=217&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La faute est un manque de vertu, une faiblesse qui n’est pas forcément d...">faute</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L'évangéliste profite de
l'occasion pour souligner le lien particulier qui existe entre Jésus, en tant
que « fils premier-né » (Lc 2, 7.23) et la sainteté de Dieu, ainsi
que pour indiquer l'esprit d'humble offrande qui animait Marie et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> (cf.
Lc 2, 24). En effet, le « couple de tourterelles ou deux jeunes
colombes » était l'offrande des pauvres (Lc 12, 8).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>La rencontre avec Syméon</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans le Temple, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> et
Marie rencontrent Syméon,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«homme juste et pieux;
[qui] attendait la consolation d'Israël »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Lc 2,25)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le récit de Luc ne dit rien de son passé et du service qu'il effectue dans le
Temple ; il parle d'un homme profondément religieux qui cultive dans son
cœ<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=615&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Prestigieuse cité sumérienne du III° millénaire av. J-C., située sur l...">ur</a> de
grands désirs et qui attend le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=357&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Transcription à travers le greco-latin Messias de l’hébreu Machiah qui ...">Messie</a>,
consolateur d'Israël.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En effet,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« L' <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=194&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="L’Esprit, qui a présidé à la formation des Ecritures, préside aussi �...">Esprit
Saint</a> reposait sur lui » et « il avait été averti par l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=194&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="L’Esprit, qui a présidé à la formation des Ecritures, préside aussi �...">Esprit
Saint</a> qu'il ne verrait pas la mort avant d'avoir vu le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a> du <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a>»<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Lc 2, 26)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Syméon nous invite à considérer l'action miséricordieuse de Dieu qui répand l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=194&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="L’Esprit, qui a présidé à la formation des Ecritures, préside aussi �...">Esprit
Saint</a> sur ses fidèles pour mener à <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=89&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Le bien est désirable, le bien vient de Dieu qui est bon (Ps 136,1) et tou...">bien</a> son
mystérieux projet d'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=28&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Source de joie indicible, l’amour (hébreu&nbsp;: ahabah) vient de Dieu. ...">amour</a>.
Syméon, modèle de l'homme qui s'ouvre à l'action de Dieu, "poussé par
l'Esprit "(Lc 2, 27), se rend au Temple où il rencontre Jésus, <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> et
Marie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En prenant l'Enfant dans
ses bras, il bénit Dieu:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Maintenant, Souverain
maître, tu peux, selon ta parole, laisser ton serviteur s'en aller en
paix »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Lc 2, 29)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Expression de l'espérance
de l'Ancien <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=594&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La nouvelle Alliance en Jésus étant fortement liée à la mort de Jésus,...">Testament</a>,
Syméon fait l'expérience de la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=308&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title=""Ne te prive pas du bonheur d’un jour" dit le sage (Si 14, 14)....">joie</a> de
la rencontre avec le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=357&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Transcription à travers le greco-latin Messias de l’hébreu Machiah qui ...">Messie</a> et
il sent qu'il a atteint le but de son existence il peut donc demander au
Très-Haut de lui faire goûter la paix de l'au-delà.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La rencontre de
l'espérance d'Israël avec le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=357&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Transcription à travers le greco-latin Messias de l’hébreu Machiah qui ...">Messie</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans l'épisode de la
Présentation l'on peut percevoir la rencontre de l'espérance d'Israël avec
le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=357&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Transcription à travers le greco-latin Messias de l’hébreu Machiah qui ...">Messie</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On peut également y voir
un <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=571&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Un signe est une réalité porteuse d’une signification.Nombreux sont ceu...">signe</a> prophétique
de la rencontre de l'homme avec le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=123&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="«&nbsp;L’Esprit et l’onction sont déjà liés l’un à l’autre dan...">Christ</a>.
L'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=194&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="L’Esprit, qui a présidé à la formation des Ecritures, préside aussi �...">Esprit
Saint</a> la rend possible, en suscitant dans le cœ<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=615&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Prestigieuse cité sumérienne du III° millénaire av. J-C., située sur l...">ur</a> humain
le désir de cette rencontre salvifique et en permettant sa réalisation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Le rôle de Marie</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nous ne pouvons pas
négliger le rôle de Marie, qui remet l'Enfant au vieux et saint Syméon. Par la
volonté divine, c'est sa Mère qui donne Jésus aux hommes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les allusions au
Serviteur (livre d'Isaie)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En révélant l'avenir du
Sauveur, Syméon fait référence à la prophétie du «Serviteur», envoyé au Peuple
élu et aux nations. Le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=560&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="&nbsp;«&nbsp;Dieu dit à Moïse: "Je suis celui qui est." Et il ...">Seigneur</a> lui
dit:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Je t'ai modelé, j'ai
fait de toi (l'<a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=24&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dieu crée le monde par sa parole&nbsp;: la créature est une réponse, la ...">alliance</a> du
peuple, la lumière des nations» (Is 42, 6). Et aussi : «C'est trop peu que
tu sois pour moi un serviteur pour relever les tribus de Jacob et ramener les
survivants d'Israël. Je fais de toi la lumière des nations pour que mon <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a> atteigne
aux extrémités de la terre »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Is 49, 6)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dans son cantique, Syméon inverse la perspective, en plaçant l'accent sur
l'universalisme de la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=372&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="La première mission est celle du Christ et de l’Esprit Saint envoyés da...">mission</a> de
Jésus :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« Car mes yeux ont
vu ton <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a>,
que tu as préparé à la face de tous les peuples, lumière pour éclairer les
nations et <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> de
ton peuple Israël»<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Lc 2,30-32)<br />
Comment ne pas s'émerveiller devant de telles paroles?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« Son père et sa
mère étaient dans l'étonnement de ce qui se disait de lui »<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Lc 2, 33)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mais <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=298&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Dans l’Ancien Testament, c’était l’un des fils de Jacob. Dans le Nou...">Joseph</a> et
Marie grâce à cette expérience, comprennent plus clairement l'importance de
leur geste d'offrande dans le temple de Jérusalem, ils présentent Celui qui,
étant la <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=238&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Ce mot traduit généralement le terme hébreu kâbod (idée de poids) et l...">gloire</a> de
son peuple, est également le <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=547&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Sauver, en hébreu ’yasah, signifie "être au large", ou "...">salut</a> de
toute l'humanité.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e%5D=295&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire"
title="Disciple puis apôtre du Seigneur Jésus, il est témoin de sa
transfigurat..." class="definition_texte">Jean <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/index.php?id=138954&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bglossaire%5D=447&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Baction%5D=details&tx_ifglossaire_list%5Bcontroller%5D=Glossaire" target="_blank" title="Pharisien et citoyen romain, Saul avait une haute position. Il persécuta l...">Paul</a> II,
audience générale du 11 décembre 1996<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-selon-saint-jean-paul-ii-1996">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/ecriture-sainte/la-vierge-marie-dans-lecriture/chez-luc-marie-mere-de-dieu/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-lc-2-21-38/la-presentation-de-jesus-au-temple-selon-saint-jean-paul-ii-1996</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Bartolo_di_fredi%2C_presentazione_al_tempio%2C_1388%2C_da_s._agostino_a_s._gimignano.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="586" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Bartolo_di_fredi%2C_presentazione_al_tempio%2C_1388%2C_da_s._agostino_a_s._gimignano.JPG" width="234" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Bartolo_di_Fredi" title="w:fr:Bartolo di Fredi">Bartolo di Fredi</a> (1330–1410), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple" title="w:fr:Présentation de Jésus au Temple"><i>Présentation de Jésus au Temple</i></a> ,
1388, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempera" title="fr:Tempera">tempera</a> et <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="fr:Or">or</a> sur <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106857865" title="d:Q106857865">panneau de
peuplier</a>, 190 x 125, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" title="w:fr:Musée du Louvre">musée du Louvre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Le 3 février, nous
célébrons la mémoire du Saint et Juste SYMEON le THEODOQUE ("celui qui a
reçu Dieu") et de la Prophétesse ANNE</b><br />
<br />
aaaSelon une tradition rapportée par d'anciens chroniqueurs, le juste et saint
vieillard Syméon, originaire d'Egypte, aurait été choisi, au temps du pharaon
Ptolémée Philadelphe (285-246 avant J.C.), parmi les Soixante-Dix sages hébreux
qu'on avait chargé de la traduction en grec de la Bible hébraïque, pour
traduire le livre du <a href="http://calendrier.egliseorthodoxe.com/sts/stsmai/mai09.html" target="_blank">Prophète Isaïe</a>. Lorsqu'il parvint au fameux passage où le
Prophète annonce la naissance virginale du Christ, en disant : « Voici, la
Vierge est enceinte, elle va enfanter un fils et elle lui donnera le nom
d'Emmanuel » (Isaïe 7:14), tout embarrassé, il prit un canif pour gratter le
mot vierge et le remplacer par celui de jeune femme. Mais à ce moment un Ange
de Dieu lui apparut et l'empêcha de modifier le texte sacré, en lui expliquant
que ce qui lui semblait impossible était en fait une Prophétie sur la venue en
ce monde du Fils de Dieu et, pour confirmer ses dires, il lui promit qu'il ne
verrait pas la mort tant qu'il n'aurait pas vu et touché le Messie né de la
Vierge. Lorsqu'après de très longues années le Christ fut amené par la Très
Sainte Mère de Dieu dans le Temple de Jérusalem, l'Esprit de Dieu révéla au
vieillard Syméon que le temps de la réalisation de la promesse était arrivé. Il
accourut au Temple et, prenant l'Enfant dans ses bras, il put dire à Dieu de tout
son coeur : « Maintenant, ô Maître souverain, Tu peux laisser Ton serviteur
s'en aller en paix selon Ta parole, car mes yeux ont vu Ton Salut... » (Luc
2:29)1. Effectivement, il s'endormit en paix, quelques jours plus tard. Ses
Reliques étaient vénérées à Constantinople, dans l'église Saint-Jacques,
construite au temps de l'empereur Justin.<br />
<br />
aaaLa Prophétesse Sainte Anne, fille de Phanuel, de la tribu d'Aser, était âgée
de quatre-vingt-quatre ans. Après la mort prématurée de son époux, elle avait
passé toute sa vie dans le Temple,» dans l'espérance de l'avènement du Sauveur.
Si le vieillard Syméon était la figure vivante du vieil Israël, de l'Ancienne
Alliance, qui attendait la venue du Messie pour disparaître et laisser la place
à la lumière et à la vérité de l'Evangile, Sainte Anne représentait, quant à
elle, le modèle des saintes veuves, des vierges et des moines, qui se détachent
de tout soucis du monde pour demeurer en permanence dans le Temple du Seigneur,
en offrant leurs jeûnes, leurs hymnes et leurs prières, dans l'attente ardente
de la venue du Sauveur. Et quand, comme Anne et Syméon, ils auront vu des yeux
de leur coeur et touché par leurs sens spirituels le Christ venu habiter en
eux, ils annonceront alors à tous les hommes, avec joie et assurance, que le
Sauveur ne cesse de venir en ce monde : « Lumière pour éclairer les nations et
gloire d'Israël son peuple » (Luc 2:32).<br />
<br />
1. Cette tradition a une valeur plus symbolique que réelle, puisqu'elle suppose
que Syméon avait atteint au moins l'âge de 270 ans à l'avènement du Sauveur.
Elle est rejetée par Saint Nicodème et la plupart des Pères, nous la
transmettons cependant ici, car elle évoque de manière imagée l'interprétation
orthodoxe de cette Prophétie d'Isaïe, si déformée par l'exégèse rationaliste.
Selon d'autres, Syméon aurait été le fils d'Hilèl et le père de Gamaliel, le
très sage maître de Saint Paul (Actes 22:3). La tradition la plus autorisée
rapporte cependant qu'il n'était ni Prêtre, ni pharisien, mais un homme juste
et pieux, âgé de 112 ans.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://calendrier.egliseorthodoxe.com/sts/stsfevrier/fev03.html">http://calendrier.egliseorthodoxe.com/sts/stsfevrier/fev03.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Arnau_Bassa_-_Triptych_with_Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Crucifixion_and_the_Annunciation_-_Walters_37468_-_A_T_Right.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="282" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Arnau_Bassa_-_Triptych_with_Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Crucifixion_and_the_Annunciation_-_Walters_37468_-_A_T_Right.jpg" width="113" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Entourage
d’<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Arnau_Bassa" title="w:fr:Arnau Bassa">Arnau Bassa</a> (–1348) / Entourage
de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Ferrer_Bassa" title="w:fr:Ferrer Bassa">Ferrer Bassa</a> (1285/1290 – 1348), Triptych
with Madonna and Child with the Crucifixion and the Annunciation, circa 1340-1348 ,
tempera and gold leaf on panel, Acquired by Henry Walters, 1931,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Walters_Art_Museum" title="w:fr:Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Arnau_Bassa_-_Triptych_with_Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Crucifixion_and_the_Annunciation_-_Walters_37468_-_A_T_Right_Bottom.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="532" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Arnau_Bassa_-_Triptych_with_Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Crucifixion_and_the_Annunciation_-_Walters_37468_-_A_T_Right_Bottom.jpg" width="213" /></a></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Entourage
d’<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Arnau_Bassa" title="w:fr:Arnau Bassa">Arnau Bassa</a> (–1348) / Entourage
de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Ferrer_Bassa" title="w:fr:Ferrer Bassa">Ferrer Bassa</a> (1285/1290 – 1348), Triptych
with Madonna and Child with the Crucifixion and the Annunciation, circa 1340-1348 ,
tempera and gold leaf on panel, 126,8 x 184,9, Acquired by Henry Walters, 1931,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Walters_Art_Museum" title="w:fr:Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>3 février (ancien
calendrier)/16 février (nouveau)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">CATÉGORIES<a href="https://orthodoxie.com/category/apprendre/vivre_avec_eglise/">VIVRE AVEC
L'ÉGLISE</a>16 février 2023 par <a href="https://orthodoxie.com/author/jivko-panev/" title="Afficher tous les articles de Jivko Panev">Jivko Panev</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Après-fête de la sainte
rencontre de notre Seigneur. Saint Siméon (ou Syméon) le juste et sainte Anne
la prophétesse ; saint Azarias, prophète (Xème s. av. J.-C.) ; saints martyrs
Papias, Diodore et Claudien (250) ; saints Adrien et Eubule, martyrs à
Césarée (vers 308) ; saint Blaise, martyr à Césarée (316) ; saint Léone, prêtre
(IVème s.) ; saint Anatole, confesseur à Salins dans le Jura (IVème s. ou
Vème s.) ; saint Lupicin, évêque de Lyon (Vème s.) ; sainte
Radegonde, Martyre à Chaumont dans la Haute-Marne (Vème s.) ; saint
Théodore, évêque de Marseille (595) saint Philippe, évêque de Vienne (VIème s.)
sainte Berlinde, moniale en Belgique (702) ; saint Anschaire, évêque de
Hambourg et de Brême (865) ; saint Romain, prince d’Ouglitch (1285) ;
saint Syméon, évêque de Polotsk et Tver (1289) ; saints Stamatios, Jean et
Nicolas, néo-martyrs grecs à Chios(1822) ; saint Nicolas, apôtre du Japon, égal
aux apôtres (1912), saints néomartyrs de Russie : Jean (Tomilov), Timothée
(Izotov), Adrien (Troïtzky), Basile (Zalessky), prêtres, Vladimir (Zagreba),
moine et Michel (Agaïev), martyr.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>SAINT SYMÉON LE THÉODOQUE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selon une tradition
rapportée par d’anciens chroniqueurs, le juste et saint vieillard Syméon,
originaire d’Égypte, aurait été choisi, au temps du pharaon Ptolémée
Philadelphe (285-246 avant J.-C.), parmi les soixante-dix sages hébreux chargés
de la traduction en grec de la Bible hébraïque, pour traduire le livre du
prophète Isaïe. Lorsqu’il parvint au fameux passage où le prophète annonce la
naissance virginale du Christ, en disant : « Voici, la Vierge est
enceinte, elle va enfanter un fils et elle lui donnera le nom d’Emmanuel »
(Is 7, 14), tout embarrassé, il prit un canif pour gratter le mot vierge et le
remplacer par celui de jeune femme. Mais à ce moment un ange de Dieu lui
apparut et l’empêcha de modifier le texte sacré, en lui expliquant que ce qui
lui semblait impossible était en fait une prophétie sur la venue en ce monde du
Fils de Dieu. Et, pour confirmer ses dires, il lui promit qu’il ne verrait pas la
mort tant qu’il n’aurait pas vu et touché le Messie né de la Vierge. Lorsque,
après de très longues années, le Christ fut amené par la Très Sainte Mère de
Dieu dans le Temple de Jérusalem, l’Esprit de Dieu révéla au vieillard Syméon
que le temps de la réalisation de la promesse était arrivé. Il accourut au
Temple et, prenant l’Enfant dans ses bras, il put dire à Dieu de tout son
cœur : « Maintenant, ô Maître souverain, Tu peux laisser ton
serviteur s’en aller en paix selon ta parole, car mes yeux ont vu ton
Salut… » (Lc 2, 29). Effectivement, il s’endormit en paix, quelques jours
plus tard. Ses reliques étaient vénérées à Constantinople, dans l’église
Saint-Jacques, construite au temps de l’empereur Justin.<br />
La prophétesse sainte Anne, fille de Phanuel, de la tribu d’Aser, était alors
âgée de quatre-vingt-quatre ans. Après la mort prématurée de son époux, elle
avait passé toute sa vie dans le Temple, dans l’espérance de l’avènement du
Sauveur. Si le vieillard Syméon était la figure vivante du vieil Israël, de
l’Ancienne Alliance, qui attendait la venue du Messie pour disparaître et
laisser la place à la lumière et à la vérité de l’Évangile, sainte Anne
représentait, quant à elle, le modèle des saintes veuves, des vierges et des
moines, qui se détachent de tout souci du monde pour demeurer en permanence
dans le Temple du Seigneur, en offrant leurs jeûnes, leurs hymnes et leurs
prières, dans l’attente ardente de la venue du Sauveur. Et quand, comme Anne et
Syméon, ils auront vu des yeux de leur cœur et touché par leurs sens spirituels
le Christ venu habiter en eux, ils annonceront alors à tous les hommes, avec
joie et assurance, que le Sauveur ne cesse de venir en ce monde : Lumière
pour éclairer les nations et gloire d’Israël son peuple (Lc 2, 32).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
(Tiré du Synaxaire du hiéromoine Macaire de Simonos Petras)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>TROPAIRES ET KONDAKIA DU
JOUR</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tropaire de la sainte
Rencontre, ton 1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Réjouis-toi, ô Pleine de
grâce, Vierge Mère de Dieu, car de toi s’est levé le Soleil de Justice, le
Christ notre Dieu, illuminant ceux qui sont dans les ténèbres. Sois aussi dans
l’allégresse, juste vieillard, qui as reçu sur tes bras Celui qui libère nos âmes
et nous donne la Résurrection.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tropaire de St Nicolas du
Japon, ton 4<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Toi, qui des apôtres
partageas le genre de vie et sur leur trône devins leur successeur, serviteur
fidèle du Christ, lyre choisie de l’Esprit Saint, vase débordant de charité,
illuminateur du Japon, hiérarque égal-aux-apôtres Nicolas, prie la vivifiante
Trinité pour les brebis de ton bercail et pour l’ensemble du troupeau !<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Kondakion de saint
Syméon, ton 4<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Prenant dans ses bras le
Christ, le Créateur et Seigneur, le vieillard implore aujourd’hui d’être
délivré des liens de cette vie corruptible.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Kondakion de St Nicolas
du Japon ton 4 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Comme un hôte, un
étranger, le pays nippon t’a reçu, hiérarque égal-auxapôtres Nicolas ; et là tu
t’es senti d’abord un intrus ; mais, faisant sourdre la chaude lumière du
Christ, tu as fait de tes ennemis des fils spirituels, avec lesquels tu
partageas la grâce de Dieu pour édifier l’Église du Christ ; en sa faveur
intercède à présent, pour que ses fils et ses filles puissent chanter :
réjouis-toi, suprême et bon pasteur, Nicolas !<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Kondakion de la fête de
la Ste Rencontre, ton 1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">O Toi qui as sanctifié
par Ta naissance le sein virginal et qui as béni, comme il le fallait, les bras
de Siméon, Tu es venu, Christ Dieu, nous sauver en ce jour. Dans ses guerres,
donne la paix à Ta cité et affermis les chrétiens orthodoxes que Tu as aimés,
Toi seul Ami des hommes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ÉPITRE DU JOUR</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1 Jn IV,20-V,21<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bien-aimés, Si quelqu’un
dit : J’aime Dieu, et qu’il haïsse son frère, c’est un menteur ; car celui qui
n’aime pas son frère qu’il voit, comment peut-il aimer Dieu qu’il ne voit pas ?
Et nous avons de lui ce commandement : que celui qui aime Dieu aime aussi son
frère. Quiconque croit que Jésus est le Christ, est né de Dieu, et quiconque
aime celui qui l’a engendré aime aussi celui qui est né de lui. Nous
connaissons que nous aimons les enfants de Dieu, lorsque nous aimons Dieu, et
que nous pratiquons ses commandements. Car l’amour de Dieu consiste a garder
ses commandements. Et ses commandements ne sont pas pénibles, parce que tout ce
qui est né de Dieu triomphe du monde ; et la victoire qui triomphe du monde,
c’est notre foi. Qui est celui qui a triomphé du monde, sinon celui qui croit
que Jésus est le Fils de Dieu ? C’est lui, Jésus Christ, qui est venu avec de
l’eau et du sang ; non avec l’eau seulement, mais avec l’eau et avec le sang ;
et c’est l’Esprit qui rend témoignage, parce que l’Esprit est la vérité. Car il
y en a trois qui rendent témoignage : l’Esprit, l’eau et le sang, et les trois
sont d’accord. Si nous recevons le témoignage des hommes, le témoignage de Dieu
est plus grand ; car le témoignage de Dieu consiste en ce qu’il a rendu
témoignage à son Fils. Celui qui croit au Fils de Dieu a ce témoignage en
lui-même ; celui qui ne croit pas Dieu le fait menteur, puisqu’il ne croit pas
au témoignage que Dieu a rendu à son Fils. Et voici ce témoignage, c’est que
Dieu nous a donné la vie éternelle, et que cette vie est dans son Fils. Celui
qui a le Fils a la vie ; celui qui n’a pas le Fils de Dieu n’a pas la vie. Je vous
ai écrit ces choses, afin que vous sachiez que vous avez la vie éternelle, vous
qui croyez au nom du Fils de Dieu. Nous avons auprès de lui cette assurance,
que si nous demandons quelque chose selon sa volonté, il nous écoute. Et si
nous savons qu’il nous écoute, quelque chose que nous demandions, nous savons
que nous possédons la chose que nous lui avons demandée. Si quelqu’un voit son
frère commettre un péché qui ne mène point à la mort, qu’il prie, et Dieu
donnera la vie à ce frère, il l’a donnera à ceux qui commettent un péché qui ne
mène point à la mort. Il y a un péché qui mène à la mort ; ce n’est pas pour ce
péché-là que je dis de prier. Toute iniquité est un péché, et il y a tel péché
qui ne mène pas à la mort. Nous savons que quiconque est né de Dieu ne pèche
point ; mais celui qui est né de Dieu se garde lui-même, et le malin ne le
touche pas. Nous savons que nous sommes de Dieu, et que le monde entier est
sous la puissance du malin. Nous savons aussi que le Fils de Dieu est venu, et
qu’il nous a donné l’intelligence pour connaître le Véritable ; et nous sommes
dans le Véritable, en son Fils Jésus Christ. C’est lui qui est le Dieu
véritable, et la vie éternelle. Petits enfants, gardez-vous des idoles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>ÉVANGILE DU JOUR</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mc XV, 1-15 Dès le matin,
les principaux sacrificateurs tinrent conseil avec les anciens et les scribes,
et tout le sanhédrin. Après avoir lié Jésus, ils l’emmenèrent, et le livrèrent
à Pilate. Pilate l’interrogea: Es-tu le roi des Juifs? Jésus lui répondit: Tu
le dis. Les principaux sacrificateurs portaient contre lui plusieurs
accusations. Pilate l’interrogea de nouveau: Ne réponds-tu rien? Vois de
combien de choses ils t’accusent. Et Jésus ne fit plus aucune réponse, ce qui
étonna Pilate. À chaque fête, il relâchait un prisonnier, celui que demandait
la foule. Il y avait en prison un nommé Barabbas avec ses complices, pour un
meurtre qu’ils avaient commis dans une sédition. La foule, étant montée, se mit
à demander ce qu’il avait coutume de leur accorder. Pilate leur répondit: Voulez-vous
que je vous relâche le roi des Juif? Car il savait que c’était par envie que
les principaux sacrificateurs l’avaient livré. Mais les chefs des
sacrificateurs excitèrent la foule, afin que Pilate leur relâchât plutôt
Barabbas. Pilate, reprenant la parole, leur dit: Que voulez-vous donc que je
fasse de celui que vous appelez le roi des Juifs? Ils crièrent de nouveau:
Crucifie-le! Pilate leur dit: Quel mal a-t-il fait? Et ils crièrent encore plus
fort: Crucifie-le! Pilate, voulant satisfaire la foule, leur relâcha Barabbas;
et, après avoir fait battre de verges Jésus, il le livra pour être crucifié.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">À propos de l'auteur<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://orthodoxie.com/author/jivko-panev/">Jivko Panev</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Jivko Panev, cofondateur
et journaliste sur Orthodoxie.com. Producteur de l'émission 'Orthodoxie' sur
France 2 et journaliste.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://orthodoxie.com/3-fevrier-ancien-calendrier16-fevrier-nouveau/">https://orthodoxie.com/3-fevrier-ancien-calendrier16-fevrier-nouveau/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/6/6a/Firenze_MuS.Marco_BeatoAngelico_PresentazioneGes%C3%B9Tempio_part.01_1438-40ca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="343" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/6/6a/Firenze_MuS.Marco_BeatoAngelico_PresentazioneGes%C3%B9Tempio_part.01_1438-40ca.jpg" width="249" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beato_Angelico" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="Beato Angelico">Beato Angelico</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">, </span><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_di_Ges%C3%B9_al_Tempio_(Beato_Angelico)" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio (Beato Angelico)"><i>Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio</i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">, affresco, </span><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1440" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="1440">1440</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"> - </span><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1441" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="1441">1441</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"> circa</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/b/bd/Firenze_MuS.Marco_BeatoAngelico_PresentazioneGes%C3%B9Tempio_1438-40ca.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="517" height="320" src="https://commons.cathopedia.org/w/images/commons/b/bd/Firenze_MuS.Marco_BeatoAngelico_PresentazioneGes%C3%B9Tempio_1438-40ca.jpg" width="276" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Beato_Angelico" title="Beato Angelico">Beato
Angelico</a>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_di_Ges%C3%B9_al_Tempio_(Beato_Angelico)" title="Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio (Beato Angelico)"><i>Presentazione di Gesù
al Tempio</i></a>, affresco, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1440" title="1440">1440</a> - <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1441" title="1441">1441</a> circa<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/" title="Permanent Link to Candlemas"><b>Candlemas</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our Lady of the Candles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Presentation of the Infant Jesus in the Temple<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Presentation of the Lord<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Purification of the Blessed Virgin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Candelas (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-spain">Spanish</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Candelora (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-italy">Italian</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chandeleur (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-france">French</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hromnice (Feast of Candles among the Slovaks and
Czechs)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lichtmess (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-germany">German</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Stretenije Gospoda (Meeting of the Lord by the
Slavs of the Eastern Rite)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Svijetlo Marijino (Light Feast of Mary in
Yugoslavia)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/2-february">2 February</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>About the Feast</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/feasts">feast</a> commemorates
the purifying of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/bvm">Blessed
Virgin</a> according to the Mosaic Law, 40 days after the birth of Christ,
and the presentation of the Infant Jesus in the Temple. The <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/feasts">feast</a> was
introduced into the Eastern Empire by Emperor Justinian I, and is mentioned in
the Western Church in the Gelasian Sacramentary of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/7th-century">7th century</a>.
Candles are blessed on that day in commemoration of the words of Holy Simeon
concerning Christ “a light to the revelation of the Gentiles” (Luke 2), and a
procession with lighted candles is held in the church to represent the entry of
Christ, the Light of the World, into the Temple of Jerusalem. “Candlemas” is
still the name in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-scotland">Scotland</a> for
a legal term-day on which interest and rents are payable (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/2-february">2 February</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-candle-makers">candle
makers</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-wax-refiners">wax refiners</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-the-archdiocese-of-naxos-andros-tinos-and-mykonos-greece">Naxos–Andros–Tinos–Mykonos</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-greece">Greece</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/archdiocese">archdiocese</a> of<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">in the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-the-philippines">Philippines</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-jaro-philippines">Jaro</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-western-visayas-philippines">Western
Visayas</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/catholic-encyclopedia-candlemas">Catholic
Encyclopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/catholic-pocket-dictionary-purification-of-the-blessed-virgin">Catholic
Pocket Dictionary</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/goffines-devout-instructions-purification-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary">Goffine’s
Devout Instructions</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/the-golden-legend-the-purification-of-our-lady">Golden
Legend</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/handbook-of-christian-feasts-and-customs-candlemas">Handbook
of Christian Feasts and Customs</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/light-from-the-altar-the-feast-of-the-purification-2-february">Light
from the Altar</a>: The Feast of the Purification, 2 February<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/butlers-lives-of-the-saints-the-purification-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary">Lives
of the Saints</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/father-alban-butler">Alban Butler</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/feast-of-the-purification-of-the-blessed-virgin-by-father-medaille">Meditations
on the Gospels for Every Day in the Year</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Médaille<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/message-of-the-joyful-mysteries-the-presentation">Message
of the Joyful Mysteries</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Aloysius
Biskupek<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">New Catholic Dictionary<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/pictorial-lives-of-the-saints-the-purification-commonly-called-candlemas-day">Pictorial
Lives of the Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/sacramentals-of-the-holy-catholic-church-blessed-candles">Sacramentals
of the Holy Catholic Church</a>: Blessed Candles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/saints-and-saintly-dominicans-2-february">Saints
and Saintly Dominicans</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/blessed">Blessed</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/blessed-hyacinth-marie-cormier">Hyacinthe-Marie
Cormier</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/dominicans">O.P.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/saints-of-the-day-presentation-of-the-lord">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/short-lives-of-the-saints-the-purification-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary">Short
Lives of the Saints</a>, by Eleanor Cecilia Donnelly<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/a-simple-catholic-dictionary-candlemas">Simple
Catholic Dictionary</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> Charles
Henry Bowden<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/the-purification-by-elisabeth-a-tutty">The
Purification</a>, by Elisabeth A Tutty<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/candlemas-day-by-father-b-rohner-osb">Veneration
of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/patrons-of-priests">Father</a> B
Rohner, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/benedictines">OSB</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://asksistermarymartha.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-not-sorrowful-mystery.html" target="_blank">Ask Sister Mary Martha</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://breviariumsop.blogspot.com/2019/02/february-2-purification-of-b-v-m-ii.html" target="_blank">Brevarium SOP</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/calendar/day.cfm?date=2015-02-02" target="_blank">Catholic Culture</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://catholicfire.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-presentation-of-lord-candlemas.html" target="_blank">Catholic Fire</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416104019/http:/www.catholiclane.com/presentation-of-the-lord-candlemas/" target="_blank">Catholic Lane</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/presentation-of-the-lord-427" target="_blank">Catholic News Agency</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/cosmostheinlost/2016/02/02/happy-feast-of-our-lady-of-thunder-candles/" target="_blank">Cosmos the In Lost</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.franciscanmedia.org/presentation-of-the-lord/" target="_blank">Franciscan
Media</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://mariancalendar.org/purification-of-the-virgin/" target="_blank">Marian
Calendar</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fssp.com/happy-feast-of-candlemas/" target="_blank">Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.ucatholic.com/saints/candlemas/" target="_blank">uCatholic</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=medieval-religion;8c5e50c5.1602" target="_blank">Gordon Plumb</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=medieval-religion;899d7d5.1602" target="_blank">John Dillon</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=20750" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presentation_of_Jesus_Christ_at_the_Temple" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>video</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX_bLLx2rojBIAH30WSvKKN0" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites en français</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://missel.free.fr/Sanctoral/02/02.php" target="_blank">Abbé Christian-Philippe Chanut</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_del_Signore" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.lacabalesta.it/testi/santi/candelora.html" target="_blank">La
Cabalesta</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/20750" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>websites in nederlandse</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/02/02/02-02-0001-jezus.php" target="_blank">Heiligen
3s</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>spletne strani v slovenšcini</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://svetniki.org/jezusovo-darovanje-svecnica/" target="_blank">Svetniki</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Candlemas“. CatholicSaints.Info. 20 October
2023. Web. 3 February 2024. <https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/">https://catholicsaints.info/candlemas/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Pr%C3%A9sentation_XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="653" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Pr%C3%A9sentation_XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle.jpg" width="261" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>La
Présentation de Jésus au Temple</i>, une des huit scènes de la vie de Jésus,
tempera et or sur bois, 3e quart du XIIIe siècle par un peintre anonyme romain.
Collection Alana, Newark, États-Unis<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Holy Simeon</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The "just and
devout" man of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08344a.htm">Jerusalem</a> who
according to the narrative of St. Luke, greeted the infant Saviour on the
occasion of His presentation in the Temple (Luke ii, 25-35). He was one of
the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12748a.htm">pious</a> <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08399a.htm">Jews</a> who were
waiting for the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10212c.htm">"consolation
of Israel"</a> and, though advanced in years, he had received a
premonition from the Holy Ghost, Who was in him, that he would not die before
he had seen the expected <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10212c.htm">Messias</a>. This promise
was fulfilled when through guidance of the Spirit he came to the Temple on the
day of the Presentation, and taking the Child <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374c.htm">Jesus</a> in his arms,
he uttered the Canticle <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11159a.htm">Nunc dimittis</a> (<a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/luk002.htm#vrs29">Luke 2:29-32</a>), and
after blessing the Holy Family he prophesied concerning the Child, Who "is
set for the fall, and for the resurrection of many in Israel", and
regarding the mother whose "soul a sword shall pierce, that, out of many
hearts, thoughts may be revealed". As in the case of other personages
mentioned in the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14530a.htm">New
Testament</a>, the name of Simeon has been connected with untrustworthy
legends, viz., that he was a rabbi, the son of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07354c.htm">Hillel</a> and the
father of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06374b.htm">Gamaliel</a> mentioned
in <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/act005.htm">Acts 5:34</a>.
These distinguished relationships are hardly compatible with the simple
reference of St. Luke to Simeon as "a man in <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08344a.htm">Jerusalem</a>". With
like reserve may we look upon the legend of the two sons of Simeon, Charinus,
and Leucius, as set forth in the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01601a.htm">apocryphal</a> <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01111b.htm">Gospel of Nicodemus</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sources</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">VIGOUROUX, <i>Dictionnaire
de la Bible</i>, s.v.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Driscoll, James
F. "Holy Simeon." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.
13. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1912. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794c.htm>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by Catharine Lamb. Dedicated to the
memory of my mother, Ruth F. Hansen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. February 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, D.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © 2023 by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/utility/contactus.htm">Kevin Knight</a>.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794c.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794c.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Stefan_Lochner_Darmstadt_Presentation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="723" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Stefan_Lochner_Darmstadt_Presentation.jpg" width="289" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephan_Lochner&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stephan Lochner (la pagina non esiste)">Stephan Lochner</a>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_di_Ges%C3%B9_al_Tempio_(Stephan_Lochner)" title="Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio (Stephan Lochner)"><i>Presentazione di Gesù
al Tempio</i></a>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1447" title="1447">1447</a> ca.,
tempera su tavola<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Stefan_Lochner" title="w:fr:Stefan Lochner">Stefan Lochner</a> (vers 1400/1410–1451),
<i>Darbringung im Tempel</i> / <i>Presentation of Christ in the Temple</i>, 1447, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technique_mixte" title="fr:Technique mixte">techniques
mixtes</a> sur panneau de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AAne" title="fr:Chêne">chêne</a>, 139
x 124, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Mus%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9gional_de_la_Hesse" title="w:fr:Musée régional de la Hesse">musée régional de la Hesse</a></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br /></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">February 3 <br />
<br />
Saint of the day:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Simeon</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Patron Saint of
Zadar, Croatia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Simeon's Story<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Simeon (Greek Συμεών,
Simeon the God-receiver) at the Temple is the "just and devout" man
of Jerusalem who, according to Luke 2:25–35, met Mary, Joseph, and Jesus as
they entered the Temple to fulfill the requirements of the Law of Moses on the
40th day from Jesus' birth at the presentation of Jesus at the Temple.
According to the Biblical account, Simeon had been visited by the Holy Spirit
and told that he would not die until he had seen the Lord's Christ. On taking
Jesus into his arms he uttered a prayer, which is still used liturgically as
the Latin Nunc dimittis in many Christian churches, and gave a prophecy
alluding to the crucifixion. In some Christian traditions, this meeting is
commemorated on February 2 as Candlemas, or more formally, the Presentation of
the Lord, the Meeting of the Lord, or the Purification of the Virgin. His
prophecy is used in the context of Our Lady of Sorrows. Simeon is venerated as
a saint in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox
traditions. His feast day is February 3 in the revised Martyrology of the Roman
Catholic Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.saintsfeastfamily.com/copy-of-st-simeon-feb-3">https://www.saintsfeastfamily.com/copy-of-st-simeon-feb-3</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Andrea_Mantegna_-_The_Presentation_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="800" height="253" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Andrea_Mantegna_-_The_Presentation_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Mantegna&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Andrea Mantegna (la pagina non esiste)">Andrea Mantegna</a>.<i> <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_di_Ges%C3%B9_al_Tempio_(Andrea_Mantegna)" title="Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio (Andrea Mantegna)">Presentazione di Gesù
al Tempio</a></i>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a> ca.,
tempera su tela<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Andrea_Mantegna" title="w:fr:Andrea Mantegna">Andrea Mantegna</a> (1431–1506),<i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple" title="w:fr:Présentation de Jésus au Temple">Présentation de Jésus au Temple</a></i>,
circa 1444-1464, 77,1 x 94,4, Berlin, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie_(Berlin)" title="w:fr:Gemäldegalerie (Berlin)">Gemäldegalerie</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Simeon's Prophecy</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">IN this valley of tears
every man is born to weep, and all must suffer, by enduring the evils which are
of daily occurrence. But how much greater would the misery of life be, did we
also know the future evils which await us! "Unfortunate, indeed, would his
lot be," says Seneca, "who, knowing the future, would have to suffer
all by anticipation." <br />
<br />
Our Lord shows us this mercy. He conceals the trials which await us, that,
whatever they may be, we may endure them but once. He did not show Mary this
compassion; for she, whom God willed to be the Queen of Sorrows, and in all
things like His Son, had to see always before her eyes and continually to
suffer all the torments that awaited her; and these were the sufferings of the
Passion and death of her beloved Jesus; for in the temple, St. Simeon, having
received the Divine Child in his arms, foretold to her that that Son would be a
mark for all the persecutions and oppositions of men. Behold, this Child
is set ... for a sign which shall be contradicted. And therefore,
that a sword of sorrow should pierce her soul: And thy own soul a sword
shall pierce. [Luke, ii. 34, 35] <br />
<br />
The Blessed Virgin herself told St. Matilda, that, on this announcement of St.
Simeon, "all her joy was changed into sorrow." For, as it was
revealed to St. Teresa, though the Blessed Mother already knew that the life of
her Son would be sacrificed for the salvation of the world, yet she then learnt
more distinctly and in greater detail the sufferings and cruel death that
awaited her poor Son. She knew that He would be contradicted, and this in
everything: contradicted in His doctrines; for, instead of being believed, He
would be esteemed a blasphemer for teaching that He was the Son of God; this He
was declared to be by the impious Caiphas, saying, He hath blasphemed, He
is guilty of death. [Matt. xxvi. 65] Contradicted in His reputation;
for He was of noble, even of royal descent, and was despised as a peasant: Is
not this the carpenter's son? [Matt. xiii. 55] Is not this the
carpenter, the son of Mary? [Mark vi. 3] He was wisdom itself, and
was treated as ignorant: How doth this man know letters, having never
learned? [John vii. 15] As a false prophet: And they blindfolded Him,
and smote His face ... saying: Prophesy, who is it that struck Thee? [Luke
xxii. 64] He was treated as a madman: He is mad, why hear you Him? [John
x. 20] As a drunkard, a glutton, and a friend of sinners: Behold a
man that is a glutton, and a drinker of wine, a friend of publicans and
sinners. [Luke vii. 34] As a sorcerer: By the prince of devils
He casteth out devils. [Matt. ix. 34] As a heretic, and possessed by
the evil spirit: Do we not say well of Thee that Thou art a Samaritan and
hast a devil? [John viii. 48] In a word, Jesus was considered so
notoriously wicked, that, as the Jews said to Pilate, no trial was necessary to
condemn Him. If He were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered Him
up to thee. [John xviii. 30] He was contradicted in His very soul;
for even His Eternal Father, to give place to Divine justice, contradicted Him,
by refusing to hear His prayer, when He said,Father, if it be possible, let
this chalice pass from Me; [Matt. xxvi. 39] and abandoned Him to
fear, weariness, and sadness; so that our afflicted Lord exclaimed, My
soul is sorrowful unto death [Ibid. 38] and His interior sufferings
even caused Him to sweat Blood. Contradicted and persecuted, in fine, in all
His Body and in His life; for He was tortured in all His sacred members, in His
hands, His feet, His face, His head, and in His whole Body; so that, drained of
His Blood, and an object of scorn, He died of torments on an ignominious Cross. <br />
<br />
When David, in the midst of all his pleasures and regal grandeur, heard from
the Prophet Nathan, that his son should die,-----The child that is born to thee
shall surely die, [2 Kings xii. 14]---he could find no peace, but wept,
fasted, and slept on the ground. Mary with the greatest calmness received the
announcement that her Son should die, and always peacefully submitted to it;
but what grief must she continually have suffered, seeing this amiable Son
always near her, hearing from Him words of eternal life, and witnessing His
holy demeanor! <br />
<br />
Abraham suffered much during the three days he passed with his beloved Isaac,
after knowing that he was to lose him. O God, not for three days, but for three
and thirty years had Mary to endure a like sorrow ! But do I say a like sorrow?
It was as much greater as the Son of Mary was more lovely than the son of
Abraham. <br />
<br />
The Blessed Virgin herself revealed to St. Bridget, that, while on earth, there
was not an hour in which this grief did not pierce her soul: "as
often," she continued, "as I looked at my Son, as often as I wrapped
Him in His swaddling-clothes, as often as I saw His hands and feet, so often
was my soul absorbed, so to say, in fresh grief; for I thought how He would be
crucified." <br />
<br />
The Abbot Rupert contemplates Mary suckling her Son, and thus addressing Him: A
bundle of myrrh is my Beloved to me; He shall abide between my breasts. [Cant.
i. 12] Ah, Son, I clasp Thee in my arms, because Thou art so dear to me;
but the dearer Thou art to me, the more dost Thou become a bundle of myrrh and
sorrow to me when I think of Thy sufferings. " Mary," says St.
Bernardine of Sienna, "reflected that the strength of the Saints was to be
reduced to agony; the beauty of Paradise to be disfigured; the Lord of the
world to be bound as a criminal; the Creator of all things to be made livid
with blows; the Judge of all to be condemned; the Glory of Heaven despised; the
King of kings to be crowned with thorns, and treated as a mock king."<br />
<br />
Father Engelgrave says that it was revealed to the same St. Bridget, that the
afflicted Mother, already knowing what her Son was to suffer, when suckling
Him, thought of the gall and vinegar; when swathing Him, of the cords with
which He was to be bound; when bearing Him in her arms, of the Cross to which
He was to be nailed; when sleeping, of His death." As often as she put on
Him His garment, she reflected that it would one day be torn from Him, that He
might be crucified; and when she beheld His sacred hands and feet, she thought
of the nails which would one day pierce them; and then, as Mary said to St.
Bridget, "my eyes filled with tears, and my heart was tortured with
grief." <br />
<br />
The Evangelist says, that as Jesus Christ advanced in years, so also did He
advance in wisdom and in grace with God and men. [Luke ii. 52] This
is to be understood as St. Thomas explains it, that He advanced in wisdom and
grace in the estimation of men and before God, inasmuch as all His works would
continually have availed to increase His merit, had not grace been conferred
upon Him from the beginning, in its complete fullness, by virtue of the
hypostatic union. But, since Jesus advanced in the love and esteem of others,
how much more must He have advanced in that of Mary! But, O God, as love
increased in her, so much the more did her grief increase at the thought of
having to lose Him by so cruel a death; and the nearer the time of the Passion
of her Son approached, so much the deeper did that sword of sorrow, foretold by
St. Simeon, pierce the heart of His mother. This was precisely revealed by the
Angel to St. Bridget, saying: "That sword of sorrow was every hour
approaching nearer to the Blessed Virgin, as the time for the Passion of her
Son drew near." <br />
<br />
Since, then, Jesus, our King, and His most holy Mother, did not refuse, for
love of us, to suffer so cruel pains throughout their lives, it is reasonable
that we, at least, should not complain if we have to suffer something. Jesus,
crucified, once appeared to Sister Magdalene Orsini, a Dominicaness, who had
been long suffering under a great trial, and encouraged her to remain, by means
of that affliction, with Him on the Cross. Sister Magdalene complainingly
answered: "O Lord, Thou wast tortured on the Cross only for three hours,
and I have endured my pain for many years." The Redeemer then replied:
"Ah, ignorant soul, what dost thou say? From the first moment of My
conception I suffered in heart all that I afterwards endured dying on the
Cross." If, then, we also suffer and complain, let us imagine Jesus, and
His Mother Mary, addressing the same words to ourselves. <br />
<br /><b>
EXAMPLE</b><br />
<br />
Father Roviglione, of the Society of Jesus, relates that a young man had the
devotion of every day visiting a statue of our Lady of Sorrows, in which she
was represented with seven swords piercing her heart. The unfortunate youth one
night committed a mortal sin. The next morning, going as usual to visit the
image, he perceived that there were no longer only seven, but eight swords in
the heart of Mary. Wondering at this; he heard a voice telling him that his
crime had added the eighth. This moved his heart; and, penetrated with sorrow,
he immediately went to Confession, and by the intercession of his advocate
recovered Divine grace. <br />
<br /><b>
Prayer</b><br />
<br />
Ah, my Blessed Mother, it is not one sword only with which I have pierced thy
heart, but I have done so with as many as are the sins which I have committed.
Ah, Lady, it is not to thee, who art innocent, that sufferings are due, but to
me, who am guilty of so many crimes. But since thou hast been pleased to suffer
so much for me, ah, by thy merits, obtain me great sorrow for my sins, and
patience under the trials of this life, which will always be light in
comparison with my demerits; for I have often deserved Hell. Amen.<br />
<br />
by Alphonsus de Liguori </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Photo Credit <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/60532802@N07/6398436389" target="_blank">Waiting for the Word</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Posted by <a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/17670128199428107199" title="author profile">The Catholic Reader </a>at <a href="https://thecatholicreader.blogspot.com/2013/06/st-simeons-prophecy.html" title="permanent link">6:27 PM</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Labels: <a href="https://thecatholicreader.blogspot.com/search/label/Meditations">Meditations</a>, <a href="https://thecatholicreader.blogspot.com/search/label/Mother%20of%20Sorrows">Mother
of Sorrows</a>, <a href="https://thecatholicreader.blogspot.com/search/label/St.%20Alphonsus%20de%20Liguori">St.
Alphonsus de Liguori</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://thecatholicreader.blogspot.com/2013/06/st-simeons-prophecy.html">https://thecatholicreader.blogspot.com/2013/06/st-simeons-prophecy.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Presentation_in_the_Temple_Prado_Master.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="662" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Presentation_in_the_Temple_Prado_Master.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_Memling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hans Memling (la pagina non esiste)">Hans Memling</a>,<i> <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Presentazione_di_Ges%C3%B9_al_Tempio_(Hans_Memling)" title="Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio (Hans Memling)">Presentazione di Gesù al
Tempio</a></i>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/1463" title="1463">1463</a>,
olio su tavola<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Attribué
à <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyptyque_Hulin_de_Loo" title="fr:Polyptyque Hulin de Loo">Maître du Prado Adoration des Mages</a> / anciennement
attribué à <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Hans_Memling" title="w:fr:Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a> (vers 1433–1494), La <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Pr%C3%A9sentation_de_J%C3%A9sus_au_Temple" title="w:fr:Présentation de Jésus au Temple">Présentation de Jésus au Temple</a>,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Polyptyque_Hulin_de_Loo" title="w:fr:Polyptyque Hulin de Loo">Polyptyque Hulin de Loo</a>, circa 1470-1480,
57,9 x 47,8, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:National_Gallery_of_Art" title="w:fr:National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Washington DC<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Holy, Righteous Simeon
the God-Receiver</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Commemorated on <a href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2008/02/03">February 3</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.oca.org/saints/troparia/2008/02/03/100409-holy-righteous-simeon-the-god-receiver">Troparion
& Kontakion</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Righteous Simeon the
God-Receiver was, according to the testimony of the holy Evangelist Luke, a
just and devout man waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit
was upon him (Luke 2:25). God promised him that he would not die until the
promised Messiah, Christ the Lord, came into the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ancient historians tell
us that the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-247 B.C.) wished to
include texts of Holy Scripture in the famous Library at Alexandria. He invited
scholars from Jerusalem, and the Sanhedrin sent their wise men. The Righteous
Simeon was one of the seventy scholars who came to Alexandria to translate the
Holy Scriptures into Greek. The completed work was called “The Septuagint,” and
is the version of the Old Testament used by the Orthodox Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint Simeon was
translating a book of the Prophet Isaiah, and read the words: “Behold, a virgin
shall conceive in the womb, and shall bring forth a Son” (Is 7:14). He thought
that “virgin” was inaccurate, and he wanted to correct the text to read
“woman.” At that moment an angel appeared to him and held back his hand saying,
“You shall see these words fulfilled. You shall not die until you behold Christ
the Lord born of a pure and spotless Virgin.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From this day, Saint
Simeon lived in expectation of the Promised Messiah. One day, the righteous
Elder received a revelation from the Holy Spirit, and came to the Temple. It
was on the very day (the fortieth after the Birth of Christ) when the All-Pure
Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph had come to the Temple in order to perform the
ritual prescribed by Jewish Law.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When Saint Simeon beheld
their arrival, the Holy Spirit revealed to him that the divine Child held by
the All-Pure Virgin Mary was the Promised Messiah, the Savior of the world. The
Elder took the Child in his arms and said, “Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant
depart in peace, according to Thy word, for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation,
which Thou hast prepared before the face of all people, a light to enlighten
the Gentiles, and the glory of Thy people Israel” (Luke 2:29-32).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There is a Christian
epigram (Number 46) in “The Greek Anthology” which is addressed to Saint
Simeon. It tells the righteous Elder to receive the Child Who was born before
Adam, and Who will deliver Simeon from this life and bring him to eternal life.
A similar idea is expressed in the Aposticha (Slavic use) for the Forefeast of
the Nativity of the Lord (December 24). There the Mother of God refers to her
Son as “older than ancient Adam.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Simeon blessed the
All-Pure Virgin and Saint Joseph, and turning to the Mother of God he said,
“Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel, and
for a sign which shall be spoken against. Yea, a sword shall pierce through your
own soul also, that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed” (Luke
2:34-35).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The holy Evangelist
continues: “And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel of
the tribe of Aser. She was of a great age, and had lived with a husband for seven
years from her virginity; and she was a widow of about eighty-four years, who
did not leave the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and
day. And coming at that very hour, also gave thanks to the Lord, and spoke of
Him to all those who looked for redemption at Jerusalem” (Luke 2:36-38).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The holy righteous Simeon
the God-Receiver died at a great age (Tradition says he was 360). His holy
relics were transferred to Constantinople in the sixth century. His grave was
seen by the Russian pilgrim Saint Anthony, the future Archbishop of Novgorod
(October 8) in 1200.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2008/02/03/100409-holy-righteous-simeon-the-god-receiver">https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2008/02/03/100409-holy-righteous-simeon-the-god-receiver</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Giotto_-_The_Presentation_of_the_Christ_Child_in_the_Temple_-_P30w9_-_Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="773" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Giotto_-_The_Presentation_of_the_Christ_Child_in_the_Temple_-_P30w9_-_Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum.jpg" width="309" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Giotto_di_Bondone" title="w:fr:Giotto di Bondone">Giotto</a> (1266–1337), <i>La
Présentation du Christ au Temple</i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Life_of_Christ_(Giotto)" title="w:en:Life of Christ (Giotto)">Seven panels with scenes from the Life of
Christ</a>), circa 1320, 44 x 43, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Mus%C3%A9e_Isabella-Stewart-Gardner" title="w:fr:Musée Isabella-Stewart-Gardner">musée Isabella-Stewart-Gardner</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Simeone il Vecchio </b>Anziano giusto e pio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/2130721681639414276">3
febbraio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">† Gerusalemme, I secolo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I santi Simeone e Anna, secondo il racconto di Luca,
erano due anziani che si trovavano al tempio al momento della presentazione di
Gesù: in quel bimbo, nonostante l'assenza di qualsiasi segno esterno, videro la
salvezza non solo per Israele ma per tutti i popoli. È un messaggio di speranza
che invita la Chiesa a saper cogliere l'azione dello Spirito in ogni dove,
nella certezza che in Cristo si ritroveranno raccolti tutti coloro che hanno
saputo essere strumenti della vita di Dio. L'annuncio del Vangelo è anche
questo: ricordare all'uomo che la vera salvezza è quella che viene da Cristo,
resa possibile dallo Spirito Santo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Etimologia: Simeone = Dio ha esaudito,
dall'ebraico<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio Romano: A Gerusalemme, commemorazione
dei santi Simeone e Anna, il primo anziano giusto e pio, l’altra vedova e
profetessa: quando Gesù bambino fu portato al tempio per essere presentato
secondo la consuetudine della legge, essi lo salutarono come Messia e
Salvatore, beata speranza e redenzione d’Israele.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Non ha sentito gli angeli annunciare la nascita di
Gesù, ma già da prima sapeva che la venuta del Messia era imminente. Vangelo di
Luca, cap. 2: "Lo Spirito Santo che era su di lui gli aveva preannunciato
che non avrebbe visto la morte prima di aver veduto il Messia del
Signore". E sa che ogni passo della sua vecchiaia lo avvicina a quel
momento. Chi è Simeone, ricordato sempre fra i santi delle Chiese d’Occidente e
d’Oriente?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alcuni testi apocrifi, ossia non canonici, lo dicono
"sacerdote" (Protovangelo di Giacomo) e anche "grande
maestro", "beato e giusto" (Vangelo di Nicodemo). Luca lo dice
solo "giusto e timorato di Dio, che aspetta il conforto d’Israele",
cioè il Messia. Dev’essere dunque uno dei molti pii israeliti raccolti
nell’attesa e piuttosto distaccati dalle vicende del tempo, dal fervido
dibattito religioso fra i dotti nel clima della dominazione romana. Vive nel
“timor di Dio”, conscio di trovarsi sempre alla sua presenza. E la sua vita
esemplare è stata premiata con quella promessa, sicché la sua attesa del Messia
non ha nulla di ansioso: Simeone aspetta sicuro e sereno.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nasce Gesù, dunque, e viene poi il giorno della sua
presentazione al tempio, secondo la Legge. Maria e Giuseppe si avviano col
bambino nel fitto viavai intorno all’edificio sacro innalzato da Erode il
Grande, e non ancora del tutto terminato. Ed ecco arrivare Simeone, anche lui,
che riconosce in Gesù il Messia e lo prende tra le braccia benedicendo il
Signore: ora egli può davvero morirsene in pace. E’ la scena dolce e notissima,
tanto spesso narrata e raffigurata. Ma si può capirla solo tenendo presente il
breve inciso di Luca al versetto 27: "Mosso dunque dallo Spirito...",
dall’azione dello Spirito dipende ora ogni gesto di Simeone; e dipende tutto il
suo discorso, che deborda vistosamente dalla tradizione, con parole che
farebbero sobbalzare tanti maestri del tempo: "I miei occhi", dice,
"hanno visto la tua salvezza, preparata da te davanti a tutti i popoli,
luce per illuminare le genti e gloria del tuo popolo Israele". Simeone,
“mosso dallo Spirito”, contraddice il particolarismo del suo tempo, che aspetta
un salvatore solo o soprattutto di Israele. Lui invece risale più indietro, si
rifà all’universalismo dei profeti, a Isaia: "Ti renderò luce delle
nazioni perché porti la mia salvezza fino all’estremità della terra".
Gloria d’Israele sì, ma anche – e subito – salvatore per tutti.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Parole che stupiscono molto anche Maria e Giuseppe. Ma
per la Madre di Gesù il vecchio Simeone ha ancora un annuncio: "Egli è qui
per la rovina e la risurrezione di molti in Israele, segno di contraddizione,
perché siano svelati i segreti di molti cuori. E anche a te una spada
trafiggerà l’anima". Così termina Simeone, ancora “mosso dallo Spirito”,
che ha incoraggiato la sua attesa. E soprattutto l’ha illuminata.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Domenico Agasso<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/73600">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/73600</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi</b> : <a href="https://www.christianiconography.info/simeon.html">https://www.christianiconography.info/simeon.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/blog/2021/02/16/the-feast-of-saint-simeon-the-god-receiver-at-the-patriarchate-2/">https://en.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/blog/2021/02/16/the-feast-of-saint-simeon-the-god-receiver-at-the-patriarchate-2/</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-46214822952187333602024-01-26T13:27:00.000-08:002024-02-02T16:52:39.692-08:00Bienheureux MICHAŁ KOZAL, évêque auxiliaire de Włocławek et martyr<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/B%C5%82ogos%C5%82awiony_Micha%C5%82_Kozal_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82patron_diecezji_bydgoskiej.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/B%C5%82ogos%C5%82awiony_Micha%C5%82_Kozal_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82patron_diecezji_bydgoskiej.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">Błogosławiony
Michał Kozal współpatron diecezji bydgoskiej</span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureux Michel Kozal</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Évêque auxiliaire de
Wloclawek (+ 1943)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Evêque auxiliaire de
Wloclawek en Pologne, il fut déporté au camp de Dachau pour avoir défendu la
liberté religieuse. Il y mourut après trois années d'internement. Il a été
béatifié le 14 juin 1987, par le Pape Jean Paul II à Varsovie lors de la clôture
solennelle du congrès eucharistique.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un internaute nous signale que le bienheureux Michel (Michał) Kozal a été
évêque de Wloclawek (Włocławek) et non pas de Wrocław (qui sous le nom de
Breslau ne se trouvait pas en Pologne avant 1945). De même, 'Wladislawe' est
une erreur de traduction puisqu'en latin, le diocèse de Wloclawek est dit
'diocesis Vladislaviensis'.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
"Le bienheureux Évêque Kozal nous exhorte à nous comporter de façon digne
de notre vocation humaine et chrétienne, comme des fils et des filles de cette
terre, de cette patrie, dont il fut le fils." <a href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1999/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19990614_lowicz_fr.html" target="_blank">Homélie de Jean-Paul II le 14 juin 1999 à Lowicz</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
Au camp de concentration de Dachau en Bavière, l'an 1943, le bienheureux Michel
Kozal, évêque auxiliaire de Wloclawek et martyr. Pendant la seconde guerre
mondiale, alors que la Pologne était soumise au régime nazi, il supporta, avec
une patience invincible, pour la défense de la foi et la liberté de l'Église,
trois ans de déportation jusqu'à la mort.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5393/Bienheureux-Michel-Kozal.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5393/Bienheureux-Michel-Kozal.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Michaël Kozal"><b>Blessed Michaël Kozal</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Michał<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/26-january">26 January</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/12-june">12 June</a> as
one of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/108-martyrs-of-world-war-ii">108
Martyrs of World War II</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Born to a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-peasants">peasant</a> family. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-priests">Ordained</a> a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-priest">priest</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1918">1918</a>.
Appointed <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/auxiliary-bishop">auxiliary</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/diocese-of-wloclawek-poland">Wloclawek</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-poland">Poland</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/titular-bishop">titular
bishop</a> of Lappa by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/pope-venerable-pius-xii">Pius
XII</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/10-june">10 June</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1939">1939</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-prisoners">Arrested</a> by
the Gestapo on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/7-november">7 November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1939">1939</a> as
part of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/martyred-by-nazis">Nazi</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/persecutions">persecution</a> of
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/catholic-church">Catholic
Church</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-prisoners">Imprisoned</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-torture-victims">tortured</a> at
Wloclawek, Lad, Szczeglin, Berlin and Dachau. Spent 21 months in Dachau,
ministering to other <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-prisoners">prisoners</a> and
being abused by the guards. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/27-september">27
September</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1893">1893</a> at
Ligota, Wielkopolskie, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-poland">Poland</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-martyrs">martyred</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/26-january">26 January</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1943">1943</a> in
the Dachau concentration camp, Oberbayern, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-germany">Germany</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/8-may">8 May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1987">1987</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> (decree of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-martyrs">martyrdom</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/14-june">14 June</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-1987">1987</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/patrons-of-poland">Poland</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7534" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1943.htm#kozal" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Micha%C5%82_Kozal" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/michal-kozal.html" target="_blank">Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/cult-martyrum/martiri/009.html" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/time-line-2005">2005</a> edition<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92092" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Michaël
Kozal“. CatholicSaints.Info. 1 July 2023. Web. 26 January 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-michael-kozal/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Michal Kozal</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> January 26</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Birth: 1893</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: 1943</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Beatified: Pope John Paul IIwith their strong faith, the identity of Catholics,
thousands dying in the notorious concentration camps and extermination Germans.
Pope John Paul II beatified him in Warsaw on June 14, 1987, during one of his
first pilgrimages to their common homeland of Poland.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Michael Kozal was born
September 25, 1893 in the small village of Nowy Folwark, parish of Krotoszyn,
nell'archidiocesi Poznan in Poland. His parents were called John Kozal and
Marianna Placzek, grew up and was educated in a large family, which was poor but
very religious. Having demonstrated exemplary elementary school and an innate
fondness for everything that was sacred, on the advice of teachers on April 27,
1905, he was entered in the gymnasium Krotoszyn, which he attended for nine
years as always first class.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">During the school he knew
the clandestine Catholic organization "Thomas Zen Association," which
opposed the policy of germanization in schools and which in recent years
ginnasiali became president.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">After Graduating in 1914,
Michael Kozal enrolled in the seminar Leonium Poznan and his studies were
affected by the outbreak of the First World War ended so ended in Gniezno, then
he was ordained a priets in the cathedral on February 23, 1918.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7534">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7534</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beato Michele Kozal </b>Vescovo
e martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/01/26">26 gennaio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nowy Folwark, Polonia, 25
settembre 1893 - Dachau, Germania, 26 gennaio 1943<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nasce nel villaggio di
Nowy Folwark, nell'arcidiocesi di Poznam, in Polonia, il 25 settembre 1893 da
una povera e numerosa famiglia molto religiosa. Dopo il diploma, si iscrive al
Seminario di Poznam ma, con lo scoppio della Prima guerra mondiale, è costretto
a terminare gli studi in quello di Gniezno. Nella cattedrale di questa città
viene ordinato sacerdote il 23 febbraio del 1918. Nel 1929 diventa rettore del
Seminario e, dieci anni più tardi, il 12 giugno 1939, Pio XII lo nomina vescovo
ausiliare di Wloclawek. Il 1° settembre dello stesso anno le truppe naziste
invadono la Polonia e il vescovo Kozal diventa un punto di riferimento per la
gente. Protesta energicamente, ma inutilmente, per i suprusi che la Chiesa deve
subire e il 7 novembre viene arrestato insieme ad altri sacerdoti. Nel gennaio
del 1940 viene trasferito nell'Istituto Salesiani di Lad agli arresti
domiciliari, ma il 3 aprile 1941 è deportato nel campo di concentramento di
Inowroclaw e, qualche giorno più tardi, in quello di Dachau. Ammalatosi di
tifo, il 26 gennaio 1943 viene ucciso da un'iniezione letale praticata dai
medici del campo. Giovanni Paolo II lo ha beatificato a Varsavia il 14 giugno
1987. (Avvenire)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Emblema: Palma,
Mitra, Pastorale<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: Presso Monaco di Baviera in Germania, beato Michele Kozal, vescovo
ausiliare di Włocławek e martire: per avere assunto la difesa della fede e
della libertà della Chiesa sotto il nefasto regime nazista, con invitta
sopportazione rimase relegato per tre anni nel campo di sterminio della
prigione di Dachau, finché coronò la vita con il martirio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il beato Michal (Michele)
Kozal è uno dei tanti figli della Polonia, che testimoniarono con la loro forte
fede, l’identità di cattolici, morendo a migliaia nei famigerati campi di
concentramento e di sterminio tedeschi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Papa Giovanni Paolo II lo ha beatificato a Varsavia il 14 giugno 1987, durante
uno dei suoi primi pellegrinaggi nella comune patria la Polonia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Michele Kozal nacque il 25 settembre 1893 nel piccolo villaggio di Nowy
Folwark, parrocchia di Krotoszyn, nell’archidiocesi di Poznan in Polonia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
I suoi genitori si chiamavano Giovanni Kozal e Marianna Placzek, crebbe e fu
educato nella numerosa famiglia, che era povera ma molto religiosa. Avendo
manifestato esemplarità nelle scuole elementari e una innata predilezione per
tutto ciò che era sacro, su consiglio degli insegnanti il 27 aprile 1905, fu
iscritto al ginnasio di Krotoszyn, che frequentò per nove anni sempre come
‘primo della classe’.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Durante il ginnasio conobbe l’organizzazione clandestina cattolica
“Associazione Tommaso Zen”, che si opponeva alla politica di germanizzazione
delle scuole e di cui negli ultimi anni ginnasiali ne divenne anche presidente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Diplomato nel 1914, Michele Kozal si iscrisse al Seminario ‘Leonium’ di Poznan
e i suoi studi furono influenzati dallo scoppio della Prima Guerra Mondiale, li
terminò a Gniezno nella cui cattedrale fu ordinato sacerdote il 23 febbraio
1918.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Negli anni successivi ebbe vari incarichi pastorali in alcune cittadine, i cui
nomi sono così difficili per noi a pronunciare e leggere, facendosi apprezzare
per il suo zelo e dedizione, completando nel contempo gli studi teologici con
ottimi risultati.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il cardinale Edmondo Dalbor arcivescovo di Gniezno, il 29 settembre 1922 lo
nominò prefetto del ginnasio cattolico umanistico femminile di Bydgoszcz e nel
1927 lo nominò padre spirituale del Seminario Maggiore di Gniezno.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
La sua opera sacerdotale e di guida spirituale, fu così proficua che il 25
settembre 1929 fu nominato rettore del medesimo Seminario, nonostante che fra
tutti i docenti, egli fosse l’unico a non possedere i gradi accademici.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Trascorsero così dieci anni, contrassegnati dalla sua prudente ed esemplare
guida verso gli alunni. Papa Pio XII il 12 giugno 1939 lo nominò vescovo
ausiliare di Wloclawek con il titolo di vescovo titolare di Lappa; venne
consacrato nella cattedrale della città il 13 agosto 1939.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo pochi giorni il 1° settembre, le truppe naziste invasero la Polonia e
scoppiò la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, che tanta devastazione e orrori apportò al
mondo intero. Mons. Kozal divenne punto di riferimento e di conforto per
l’impaurita gente di Wloclawek e nonostante i pressanti inviti delle autorità
polacche ad allontanarsi dalla città, egli tenacemente volle rimanere con il
suo popolo ed amministrare la diocesi dopo la partenza il 6 settembre, del
vescovo mons. Radonski.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il suo servizio pastorale durò in tutto appena 22 mesi; i tedeschi entrati in
città il 14 settembre, diedero inizio ad un sistematico smantellamento
dell’attività ecclesiale, le pubblicazioni cattoliche furono soppresse,
sequestrati gli edifici appartenenti a chiese ed istituzioni religiose, il
clero arrestato.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Di fronte al terrore scatenato dai nazisti, il vescovo Kozal protestò
energicamente ma inutilmente presso le autorità d’occupazione, per i soprusi
fatti alla Chiesa. Ciò fece scaturire l’ordine di presentarsi alla Gestapo, fra
l’altro veniva chiesto che le omelie fossero in lingua tedesca, ma lui non
acconsentì e prevedendo un suo prossimo arresto, fece preparare una valigetta
con l’indispensabile.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Infatti il 7 novembre 1939 fu arrestato insieme ad altri sacerdoti e rinchiuso
nel carcere della città, dove subì anche la cella d’isolamento e sevizie. Il 16
gennaio 1940 fu trasferito con altri seminaristi e sacerdoti nell’Istituto dei
Salesiani a Lad agli arresti domiciliari, da dove poté segretamente avere
contatti con la diocesi e riorganizzare il Seminario.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dalle sue finestre, poté vedere il passare delle folle dei deportati, perciò
non si fece illusioni sulla sua sorte; anzi decise di offrire la sua vita a Dio
per la salvezza della Chiesa e della sua amata Polonia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mentre altri ecclesiastici venivano deportati nei diversi campi di
concentramento, mons. Michele Kozal fu lasciato a Lad insieme a sette sacerdoti
ed un diacono; ma nonostante gli sforzi della Santa Sede per salvarli, il 3
aprile 1941 anch’essi furono deportati nel campo di concentramento di
Inowroclaw, dove il vescovo riportò lesioni alle gambe e all’orecchio sinistro,
per le torture inflitte loro dai nazisti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 25 aprile del ’41 furono trasferiti nel famigerato campo di Dachau, al
vescovo Kozal fu assegnato il numero identificativo 24544; alle sevizie
giornaliere che subivano, in particolare i sacerdoti cattolici, si aggiunse un’epidemia
di tifo, che colpì un enorme numero di deportati.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Anche mons. Kozal fu colpito dalla malattia in forma grave e il 25 gennaio 1943
fu trasferito insieme a suo cugino padre Ceslao Kozal, nella baracca dei malati
denominata ‘Revier’; il giorno seguente venne visitato dai medici e il loro
capo gli fece un’iniezione nel braccio destro e dopo qualche minuto mons. Kozal
spirò.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
La testimonianza del cugino è stata determinante, perché udì dal gruppo dei
medici la frase: “Ora gli sarà più facile la via dell’eternità”. Non si sa
quale veleno sia stato iniettato; il suo corpo il 30 gennaio 1943 fu incenerito
nel forno crematorio di Dachau.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nella cattedrale di Wloclawek è stata posta nel 1954 una lapide monumentale,
che ricorda il martirio del vescovo Michele Kozal e di 220 altri sacerdoti
della diocesi, morti nel campo di Dachau in Germania.<br />
Il giorno della celebrazione liturgica del beato Michele Kozal è il 26 gennaio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Antonio Borrelli<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92092">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92092</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-41946633941513624112024-01-11T04:25:00.000-08:002024-01-11T04:25:27.160-08:00Saint TOMMASO da CORI (FRANCESCO ANTONIO PLACIDI), prêtre franciscain et confesseur<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Tommaso_da_Cori%2C_panoramio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="564" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Tommaso_da_Cori%2C_panoramio.jpg" width="226" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cori,
il monumento dedicato a Sa Tommaso da Cori.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Thomas de Cori<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Franciscain
italien (+ 1729)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Confesseur.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il naquit dans le Latium, en Italie, près de Rome, d'une pauvre famille de
paysans. Confié par ses parents à un chanoine de Cori qui éduquait des élèves,
il découvrit la joie de servir le Christ et fut admis chez les franciscains. Sa
bonté et sa fermeté, ainsi que son sens pédagogique, en firent un maître des
novices puis l'animateur d'un couvent destiné aux retraites et récollections
spirituelles. Après plusieurs années de ce ministère, ses supérieurs lui
demandèrent de devenir prédicateur. Attaché à la maison de Civitella, il y
vécut vingt années de prédication et de solitude, de gardien du couvent et de
frère dévoué aux plus humbles tâches. Ses dernières années le clouèrent dans la
souffrance. De la croix, il passa à la joie de la résurrection.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Bellegra dans le Latium, en 1729, saint Thomas de Cori, prêtre de l'Ordre des
Mineurs, admirable par son austérité et sa prédication et remarquable fondateur
de retraites.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5942/Saint-Thomas-de-Cori.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5942/Saint-Thomas-de-Cori.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Tommaso da Cori"><b>Saint Tommaso da Cori</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Francesco Antonio Placidi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tommaso da Cori<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Thomas of Cori<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/11-january">11 January</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/19-january">19 January</a> on
some calendars<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Spent his youth as
a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-shepherds">shepherd</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-students">Studied</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-philosophers">philosophy</a> and <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-theologians">theology</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-viterbo-italy">Viterbo</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>.
Joined the Observant <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/franciscans">Franciscans</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-1675">1675</a>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/parish">Parish</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-priests">priest</a>,
assigned to Civitella, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>.
Known for his simple life, his strict observance of the Franciscan way, and his
gifts of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-healers">healing</a>.
His <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-preachers">preaching</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/sacrament-of-reconciliation">confessions</a> and
spiritual retreats, incarnated the evangelical counsel of the total gift of
self to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/god">God</a> and
his fellow men.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/4-june">4 June</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-1655">1655</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-cori-italy">Cori</a>,
Latina, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> as Francesco
Antonio Placidi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/11-january">11 January</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-1729">1729</a> at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-bellegra-italy">Bellegra</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/1-august">1 August</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-1778">1778</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/pope-pius-vi">Pius VI</a> (decree
of heroic virtues)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/3-september">3
September</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-1786">1786</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/pope-pius-vi">Pius VI</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/21-november">21
November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-1999">1999</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/book-of-saints-thomas-of-cora">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Roman Martyrology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/saints-of-the-day-thomas-of-cori-o-f-m">Saints
of the Day</a>, by Katherine Rabenstein<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7701" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1729.htm#Placidi" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_19991121_tommaso-da-cori_en.html" target="_blank">Vatican</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_Cori" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=30800" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tommaso_da_Cori" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>video</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX80ytyiNyb81Pzr3GKEvO22" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207141832/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologioenerojunio.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Cori" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
en français</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Cori" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/San_Tommaso_Placidi_da_Cori" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/tommaso-da-cori.html" target="_blank">Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/30800" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_da_Cori" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>websites
in nederlandse</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/01/11/01-11-1729-thomas.php" target="_blank">Heiligen 3s</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_van_Cori" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>nettsteder
i norsk</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/tcori" target="_blank">Den
katolske kirke</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>spletne
strani v slovenšcini</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://svetniki.org/sveti-tomaz-francisek-placidi-di-cori-duhovnik-in-redovnik/" target="_blank">Svetniki</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Reading</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“I’ll take care of myself
and my flock I’ll take care of” (Ez 34, 11). Tommaso da Cori, a priest of the
Order of Friars Minor, was the living image of the Good Shepherd. As a guide
full of love, he has led the brothers entrusted to his care to the pastures of
faith, always animated by the Franciscan ideal. In his monastery, he revealed
his spirit of charity, showing available to all requirements even the most
humble. He lived in the kingdom of love and service, according to the logic of
Christ, as sung today’s Liturgy, “sacrificed himself, immaculate victim of peace
on the altar of the cross, completing the mystery of human redemption” (Preface
of Christ the King). Authentic disciple in the Poverello of Assisi, Saint
Thomas of Cori was obedient to Christ, King of the Universe. He meditated and
embodied in his life requirement evangelical poverty and the gift of self to
God and neighbor. All his life appears as a sign of the Gospel, a testament to
the love of the heavenly Father revealed in Christ and acting in the Holy
Spirit, for the salvation of man. – <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/blessed-pope-saint-john-paul-ii">John
Paul II</a> in the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/canonization">canonization</a> homily
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/saints">Saint</a> Tommaso<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Tommaso da
Cori“. CatholicSaints.Info. 29 June 2023. Web. 11 January 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-tommaso-da-cori/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-thomas-of-cori-o-f-m/" title="Permanent Link to Saints of the Day – Thomas of Cori, O.F.M."><b>Saints of
the Day – Thomas of Cori, O.F.M.</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Born in Cori, diocese of
Velletri, Italy, in 1655; died 1729; beatified in 1785. Blessed Thomas began
life as a shepherd in the Roman Campagna then became an Observant Franciscan in
1675. After his ordination to the priesthood, he was stationed at Civitella and
spent the remainder of his life preachinpg and ministering in the mountain
district around Subiaco (Attwater2, Benedictines).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katherine I
Rabenstein. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Saints of the Day</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-thomas-of-cori-o-f-m/time-line-1998">1998</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
2 October 2021. Web. 11 January 2024.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-thomas-of-cori-o-f-m/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-thomas-of-cori-o-f-m/">https://catholicsaints.info/saints-of-the-day-thomas-of-cori-o-f-m/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Tommaso da Cori
</b>(Francesco Antonio Placidi) Sacerdote dei Frati Minori<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/01/11">11 gennaio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cori, Latina, 4 giugno
1655 - Bellegra, Roma, 11 gennaio 1729<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nacque a Cori (Lt) il 4
giugno 1655 e venne battezzato con il nome di Francesco Antonio Placidi. A 14
anni restò orfano, facendosi così carico dell'intera famiglia. A 22 anni entrò
nell'ordine dei Frati minori francescani, nel convento della Santissima Trinità
in Orvieto, assumendo il nome di frà Tommaso. Per 5 anni fu allievo del celebre
Lorenzo Cozza e nel 1683 a Velletri fu consacrato sacerdote diventando anche
predicatore. Esercitò l'apostolato nella diocesi di Subiaco e in quelle
confinanti con tale successo da essere indicato fin da subito come «l'apostolo
del Sublacense». Le sue predicazioni furono raccolte in un volume manoscritto.
Nel suo apostolato si distinse per la pratica esemplare delle virtù cristiane.
Più volte durante la Messa ebbe diversse apparizioni. Compì anche alcuni
miracoli. Ma il suo nome è legato soprattutto alla grande opera dei «Ritiri»
dell'Ordine francescano. Seguendo l'esempio del beato Bonaventura da
Barcellona, fondò i «ritiri» di San Francesco a Civitella (ora Bellegra) e a
Palombara Sabina. Tommaso morì a 74 anni, nel 1729.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Etimologia: Tommaso
= gemello, dall'ebraico<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Bellegra nel Lazio, san Tommaso (Francesco Antonio) Placidi da
Cori, sacerdote dell’Ordine dei Frati Minori, insigne per l’austerità di vita e
per la predicazione e illustre fondatore di eremi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nacque a Cori (Latina) il
4 giugno 1655 e al battesimo fu chiamato Francesco Antonio Placidi; già a 14
anni era orfano di entrambi i genitori, e così ancora ragazzo dovette mandare
avanti da solo la famiglia. A 22 anni, sistemate in modo decoroso le due
sorelle, entrò nell’Ordine dei Frati Minori Francescani, nel convento della SS.
Trinità in Orvieto il 7 febbraio 1677, cambiando il suo nome di Francesco
Antonio in quello di frà Tommaso.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per 5 anni fu allievo del celebre Lorenzo Cozza e nel 1683 a Velletri fu
consacrato sacerdote ricevendo nel contempo la patente di predicatore. Esercitò
l’apostolato nella Diocesi di Subiaco e in quelle confinanti con tale successo
e profitto per quelle popolazioni, da essere classificato come "l’apostolo
del Sublacense".</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Grande maestro di santità, espertissimo direttore spirituale, fu veduto più
volte stare nel confessionale, "dalla mattina fino a sera" digiuno.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le sue efficaci predicazioni furono raccolte in un volume manoscritto; era
molto richiesto per l’assistenza spirituale al letto degli infermi. Aveva il
dono di riportare la pace serafica fra persone in contrasto, operò per
riformare i pubblici costumi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sin da novizio divenne esempio di perfezione cristiana e religiosa e come tale,
specchio per i suoi confratelli, compreso quelli più anziani. Ancora in lui si
condensarono tante altre virtù così come viene riportato dal "Sommario dei
processi" istruiti per la causa di beatificazione: la povertà. Non volle
mai accettare offerte per la celebrazione della s. Messa; l’umiltà, giunse
perfino a farsi calpestare dai confratelli all’ingresso del refettorio; una
grande pazienza nel sopportare continue tentazioni nello spirito e per una
piaga in una gamba che lo tormentò per quarant’anni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pregava così profondamente assorto da sembrare fuori di sé e immobile come una
statua. Gesù Bambino gli apparve più volte durante la celebrazione della Messa.
Ebbe il dono dei miracoli, come la moltiplicazione di cibi, guarigioni, ecc.,
frequenti estasi, apparizioni di Gesù, della Vergine, di s. Francesco.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma il suo nome è legato soprattutto alla grande opera dei "Ritiri"
dell’Ordine Francescano. Seguendo l’esempio del beato Bonaventura da
Barcellona, fondò i ‘ritiri’ di S. Francesco in Civitella (ora Bellegra) e di
S. Francesco in Palombara Sabina.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Scrisse le Costituzioni del Ritiro che si conservano ancora autografe a
Bellegra, regole rigide di meditazione e vita religiosa; il Capitolo Generale
di Murcia del 1756 le estese a tutti i ritiri dell’Ordine Francescano.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Molti venerabili confratelli compreso s. Teofilo da Corte passarono per il
ritiro di Bellegra, che divenne così una fucina di aspiranti in santità.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tommaso morì a 74 anni, l’11 gennaio 1729.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
La causa di beatificazione fu introdotta il 15 luglio 1737, auspici le Diocesi
di Subiaco, Velletri e Sabina.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Beatificato da papa Pio VI il 3 settembre 1786.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Canonizzato da papa Giovanni Paolo II il 21 novembre 1999.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Antonio Borrelli<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/30800">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/30800</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-90877031606321628632023-12-10T14:29:00.000-08:002023-12-10T14:39:53.270-08:00Bienheureuse MARÍA EMILIA RIQUELME Y ZAYAS, vierge religieuse et fondatrice des Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María Inmaculada<p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Andaluc%C3%ADa_Granada_Catedral1_tango7174.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="800" height="291" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Andaluc%C3%ADa_Granada_Catedral1_tango7174.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Granada
Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Catedral
de Granada, Santa Iglesia Catedral Metropolitana de la Encarnación de Granada), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Region" title="Autonomous Region">Autonomous
Region</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</span></p></div><br /></div></div></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse María Emilia
Riquelme Zayas<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Fondatrice des
Missionnaires du St. Sacrement et de l'Immaculée (+ 1940)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- <a href="https://www.vaticannews.va/es/iglesia/news/2019-11/becciu-beata-maria-emilia-riquelme-amaba-verdad-lucho-por-ella.html" target="_blank">béatifiée le 9 novembre 2019 à Grenade, homélie</a> (en
espagnol)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Le <a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/archivio-del-dicastero-cause-santi/promulgazione-decreti/decreti-pubblicati-nel-2019.html" target="_blank">19 mars 2019, décret de reconnaissance d'un miracle</a> attribué
à l'intercession de Maria Emilia Riquelme y Zayas (en italien)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Promulgation de <a href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2015/12/15/0996/02220.html" target="_blank" title="décret du pape François">décrets du 15 décembre 2015</a> (en
italien): vertus héroïques de la servante de Dieu María Emilia Riquelme Zayas,
religieuse espagnole fondatrice des Missionnaires du St. Sacrement et de
l'Immaculée (1847 - 1940).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Née le 5 août 1847 à Grenade, Emilia n'a que 7 ans quand sa mère meurt. Sa
confiance en Marie et son amour pour elle marquent définitivement sa vocation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Elle consacre son temps à la catéchèse et aux pauvres.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A la mort de son père en 1885, elle entre dans la vie religieuse et en 1896
elle fonde une nouvelle congrégation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Poussée par l'Esprit Saint, María Emilia Riquelme Zayas a consacré sa vie à la
louange et à l'adoration, à l'évangélisation par l'éducation chrétienne comme
moyen privilégié.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La Congrégation des Missionnaires du Saint-Sacrement et de Marie Immaculée,
qu'elle a fondée, accomplit sa mission d'évangélisation en Asie, en Afrique, en
Amérique et en Europe, en essayant de maintenir vivant l'esprit de sa
fondatrice dans toutes les activités et en particulier dans la dimension
éducative.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Maria Emilia meurt à Grenade le 10 Décembre 1940.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En espagnol:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- “No quiero ser santa sola”, <a href="https://www.omp.es/no-quiero-ser-santa-sola-beatificacion-de-maria-emilia-riquelme-en-granada/" target="_blank">beatificación de María Emilia Riquelme en Granada</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Site internet des <a href="http://misionerasdelsantisimosacramento.org/" target="_blank">Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María Inmaculada</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- la <a href="http://misionerasdelsantisimosacramento.org/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/" target="_blank">mère fondatrice</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Réseau des <a href="http://emiliariquelme.blogspot.fr/" target="_blank">centres
des Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María Inmaculada</a><br />
- <a href="http://www.omp.es/" target="_blank">Œuvres pontificales
missionnaires</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Pan partido para nuestros hermanos (Pain rompu pour nos frères) María Emilia
Riquelme y Zayas, fondatrice</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://es.catholic.net/op/articulos/6104/cat/171/hna-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html" target="_blank">María Emilia Riquelme Zayas</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13056/Bienheureuse-Mar%C3%ADa-Emilia-Riquelme-Zayas.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13056/Bienheureuse-Mar%C3%ADa-Emilia-Riquelme-Zayas.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas"><b>Blessed María
Emilia Riquelme y Zayas</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/10-december">10
December</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born to pious parents,
the daughter of Joaquín Riquelme y Gómez and María Emilia Zayas de la Vega. She
received a good <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-students">education</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-students">studying</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-painters">painting</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-singers">singing</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-musicians">piano</a> and
languages. At age 7, Maria received a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/saints-who-were-visionaries">vision</a> of
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/bvm">Blessed
Virgin Mary</a> with the Child Jesus; she made a vow to devote herself
to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/god">God</a>,
and consecrated herself to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/feast-of-our-lady-of-mount-carmel">Our
Lady of Carmel</a>. Maria’s <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">died</a> when
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-girls">girl</a> was
8 years old.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As she grew older, she
explained her call to religious life to her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-fathers">father</a>;
he wouldn’t have it, and arranged many social events for her; she wouldn’t have
it and ignored most of them to spend her time visiting <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-hospitals">hospitals</a> and
ministering to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a>.
Any money she received, she gave away to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-young-people">young</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-women">women</a> to
keep them from a life of prostitution, and to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-young-men">young</a> men
who felt a call to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-priests">priesthood</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-fathers">father</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">died</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/time-line-1885">1885</a>,
Maria tried to enter religious life, but <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-sick-people">health
problems</a> forced her to give up. She built a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/chapel">chapel</a> at
her house, and spent her time <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/prayer">praying</a> and
helping the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-poor-people">poor</a>.
Her work and personal piety attracted other like-minded <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-women">women</a>,
and they formed a community which became the Congregation of the
Missionary Sisters of the Most Blessed Sacrament and Mary Immaculate. They
received <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/archdiocese">archdiocesan</a> approval
in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/time-line-1896">1896</a>,
and Mother Maria became their superior, serving the remaining 44 years of her
life. The Missionaries continue their good work today in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-brazil">Brazil</a> and
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-the-united-states">United
States</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/5-august">5
August</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/time-line-1847">1847</a> in
Granada, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/10-december">10
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/time-line-1940">1940</a> in
Granada <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/14-december">14
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/time-line-2015">2015</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/pope-francis">Francis</a> (decree
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/heroic-virtues">heroic
virtues</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/9-november">9
November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/time-line-2019">2019</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/pope-francis">Francis</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/beatification">beatification</a> recognition
celebrated at the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/cathedral">Cathedral</a> of
Encarnación in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-granada-spain">Granada</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-spain">Spain</a> with <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/cardinal">Cardinal</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/cardinal-giovanni-angelo-becciu">Giovanni
Angelo Becciu</a> the chief celebrant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/patrons-of-the-missionary-sisters-of-the-most-blessed-sacrament-and-mary-immaculate">Missionary
Sisters of the Most Blessed Sacrament and Mary Immaculate</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1940.htm#Riquelme_Zayas_MA" target="_blank">Hagiography Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Emilia_Riquelme_y_Zayas" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/era-de-la-nobleza-pero-una-vision-de-la-virgen-cambio-su-vida-y-pronto-sera-beatificada-80015" target="_blank">Aciprensa</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.archidiocesisgranada.es/index.php/noticias/item/6639-el-papa-francisco-aprueba-el-decreto-de-virtudes-heroicas-de-la-granadina-madre-riquelme" target="_blank">Archidioceses de Granada</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.es.catholic.net/op/articulos/6104/cat/171/hna-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html#modal" target="_blank">Catholic Net</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527103808/http:/colegiosantisimosacramento.com/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/" target="_blank">Colegio Santisimo Sacramento</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.revistaecclesia.com/quien-la-venerable-maria-emilia-riquelme-zayas/" target="_blank">Ecclesia Digital</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/mariaemilia.riquelme.5" target="_blank">Facebook</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/110364/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas" target="_blank">José Martín Brocos Fernández</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.abc.es/sociedad/abci-granadina-maria-emilia-riquelme-monja-ayudaba-victimas-prostitucion-201903200238_noticia.html" target="_blank">Juan Vicente Boo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407205320/http:/misionerasdelsantisimosacramento.org/235-2/" target="_blank">Misioneras del Santisimo Sacramento y Maria Inmaculada</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
en français</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Emilia_Riquelme_y_Zayas" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/archivio-della-congregazione-cause-santi/promulgazione-di-decreti/decreti-pubblicati-nel-2019.html" target="_blank">Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/98253" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
em português</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224035552/http:/csss.com.br:80/portal/maria-emilia-riquelme/" target="_blank">Colégio Santissimo Sacramento</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed María Emilia
Riquelme y Zayas“. CatholicSaints.Info. 1 June 2023. Web. 10 December
2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Beata Maria Emilia
Riquelme y Zayas Vergine e fondatrice<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/12/10">10 dicembre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Granada, Spagna, 5 agosto
1847 – 10 dicembre 1940<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">María Emilia Riquelme y
Zayas nacque a Granada in Spagna il 5 agosto 1847, primogenita di una famiglia
di militari. Rimase orfana di madre sette anni più tardi. Aveva tutto quello
che una ragazza di buona famiglia poteva desiderare, ma l’Eucaristia l’attraeva
sempre di più. Chiese quindi a suo padre di potersi consacrare a Dio, ma si
sentì rispondere di no. Il suo confessore, dunque, le suggerì di aspettare
finché il genitore fosse rimasto in vita. María Emilia gli rimase accanto fino
alla morte, avvenuta nel 1885. Distribuì allora l’eredità paterna ai poveri e
raddoppiò il suo impegno caritativo, finché non le fu chiaro di dover dare vita
a una nuova opera, che inizialmente definì Opera della Vergine. Il nome
ufficiale fu però Religiose Missionarie del Santissimo Sacramento e di Maria
Immacolata: così venne a definirsi la comunità che, dall’abitazione di María
Emilia a Granada, si diffuse inizialmente in Spagna, Brasile e Portogallo. A
novantatré anni, il 10 dicembre 1940, la fondatrice rese l’anima a Dio. È stata
beatificata a Granada il 9 novembre 2019, sotto il pontificato di papa
Francesco, e contestualmentte la sua memoria liturgica è stata fissata al 10
dicembre. I suoi resti mortali sono venerati dal 2008 nella casa madre di
Granada.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Nascita e infanzia</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas nacque a Granada, in Spagna, il 5 agosto 1847, da
don Joaquín Riquelme y Gómez, tenente colonnello dell’Esercito spagnolo, e doña
María Emilia Zayas Fernández de Córdoba y de la Vega, che vantava tra i suoi antenati
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, detto il Gran Capitano.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fu battezzata dopo due giorni dalla nascita, con i nomi di María Emilia,
Joaquina, Rosario, Josefa, Nieves de la Santísima Trinidad: un elenco così
lungo era per non scontentare nessun parente, come si usava tra le famiglie
nobili del tempo. Suo padre aveva sperato che il primogenito fosse un maschio,
ma l’erede venne dopo di lei.<br />
Entrambi i genitori educarono María Emilia con attenzione e con profonda
religiosità. Di notte, spesso le accadeva di essere svegliata dal grido delle
guardie di vedetta nella guarnigione dove abitava con la famiglia: «Allerta,
sentinella!». Cominciò a pensare di dover essere pronta ad ascoltare la voce di
Dio, come i soldati pronti al comando dei loro superiori.<br />
<br /><b>
La morte della madre</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A causa dell’impegno militare del padre, María Emilia dovette più volte
cambiare domicilio. La sofferenza più grande, però, venne per lei quando aveva
sette anni, con la morte di sua madre. Da quel momento, il padre riversò ancora
più amore su di lei e sugli altri tre figli venuti nel frattempo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il dolore per aver perso colei che l’aveva messa al mondo non venne meno,
almeno finché non ebbe, sempre quando aveva sette anni, un’esperienza speciale
che le fece comprendere come la Vergine Maria dovesse essere la sua vera madre.
In quell’apparizione, la Madonna aveva in braccio Gesù bambino, la colmò di
carezze e le promise che sarebbe stata sempre al suo fianco. María Emilia
ricambiò promettendo di esserle fedele.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo un ulteriore trasloco a Siviglia, venne iscritta in un collegio dove le
famiglie nobili della città inserivano le loro figlie. Dopo un anno, si
trasferì al collegio per fanciulle nobili di Leganés, presso Madrid.<br />
<br /><b>
Una ragazza di buona famiglia</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A quindici anni, María Emilia lasciò il collegio. Aveva imparato tutto quello
che poteva servire a una ragazza del suo ceto: parlava il francese alla
perfezione ed era molto abile nel ricamo in seta e in oro, nel cucito e
nell’equitazione. Non era granché dotata come pittrice, ma aveva un certo gusto
artistico.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Spesso le accadeva di accompagnare suo padre alla corte della regina Isabella
II, oppure in riunioni e feste tra nobili. Tuttavia, continuava a risuonare in
lei il grido di allerta che aveva udito nell’infanzia e che continuava a
sentire in tutte le destinazioni di suo padre: Pamplona, Madrid, Tenerife,
Siviglia, La Coruña.<br />
<br /><b>
«I poveri sono miei amici»</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel resto del tempo, si comportava da perfetta padrona di casa e badava con
pazienza al fratello Joaquín, gravemente malato. In più, cominciò a radunare in
casa alcuni bambini poveri, per assisterli, insegnare loro il catechismo e
prepararli ai Sacramenti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Grazie al passaparola, i frequentatori aumentarono notevolmente. In molte
occasioni, María Emilia dovette superare il ribrezzo istintivo che provava di
fronte alla miseria e alla sporcizia di quei bambini.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il suo stile di vita si fece sempre più sobrio. Partecipava ancora alle feste,
ma quando si trovava presso i duchi di Villahermosa, con la complicità della
duchessa, si allontanava e andava in una casetta poco distante dalla villa, per
confezionare abiti per i poveri, pregare o per riposarsi semplicemente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Suo padre la supplicava di vestirsi all’ultima moda, ma lei replicava: «Di
vestiti ne ho tanti che trasformandoli diventano nuovi; tutto quello che mi
dai, sia per i poveri… sì, i poveri sono immagine di Gesù, i poveri sono miei
amici».<br />
<br /><b>
La vocazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A dodici anni, María Emilia aveva emesso il voto di castità in forma privata.
Nove anni dopo, il 2 febbraio 1868, decise di manifestare al padre il suo
desiderio: diventare una religiosa quanto prima. Suo padre rimase sconvolto:
convocò in casa il direttore spirituale della figlia e altri sacerdoti suoi
amici.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il risultato fu che le ordinarono di offrire a Dio il sacrificio di rinunciare
a quella scelta, finché non fosse venuto il momento giusto. Il direttore
spirituale suggerì di aspettare almeno la morte del padre. María Emilia riprese
la sua vita ordinaria, anche se soffrì molto. Non per questo, però, venne meno
nella sua aspirazione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Suo padre, intanto, si trasferì a Lisbona, lasciandola presso alcuni parenti.
María Emilia ricevette una proposta di matrimonio da parte di un cugino,
Eduardo Díaz del Moral y Riquelme. Rifiutò con garbo, perché, se da una parte
aveva accettato di obbedire al padre, dall’altra non voleva rinunciare per
nulla al mondo a essere sposa di Cristo.<br />
<br /><b>
A Lisbona</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Anche per tagliare corto con quella e con altre proposte di matrimonio, accettò
di riunirsi al padre, trasferendosi a Lisbona. Nello stesso periodo cominciò a
pensare di voler istituire un’opera per l’adorazione perpetua del Santissimo
Sacramento, per ricambiare la compagnia che il Signore aveva voluto offrire
agli uomini restando presente nell’Eucaristia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Guidata da don Marcelo Spínola, parroco della chiesa di San Lorenzo, entrò
nelle Conferenze di San Vincenzo de’ Paoli e lavorò come maestra di lavori
domestici nella scuola fondata dal parroco per le bambine povere. Anche
quell’esperienza lasciò in lei un solco profondo.<br />
<br /><b>
La morte di don Joaquín</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Suo padre, intanto, peggiorava in salute. Il colpo definitivo avvenne durante
una delle abituali passeggiate in carrozza che compiva con lei: María Emilia ne
uscì illesa, ma don Joaquin ebbe parecchie ferite al volto. Nei giorni
successivi ebbe una forte emorragia. La figlia gli rimase accanto per i tre
mesi successivi, fino alla morte, avvenuta nel febbraio 1885.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A quel punto, María Emilia si ritirò definitivamente dalla vita sociale.
Distribuì gran parte del patrimonio di cui era rimasta la sola erede, dato che
il fratello Joaquin era morto tempo addietro e gli altri fratelli non avevano
superato l’infanzia. Don Spinola le offrì di entrare nella prima comunità della
congregazione religiosa da lui fondata, ma la lasciò dopo un anno e mezzo, per
motivi di salute.<br />
<br /><b>
Una ricerca continua</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tornata a Siviglia, María Emilia riprese a vivere come dopo la morte del padre.
Le sue giornate erano scandite dalla preghiera, dall’adorazione dell’Eucaristia
e dalla visita ai poveri. Allo stesso tempo, però, continuava a pensare alla
consacrazione religiosa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chiese quindi aiuto a madre Angela della Croce, fondatrice delle Sorelle della
Compagnia della Croce (canonizzata nel 2003), che conosceva e a cui aveva
elargito molte offerte. La religiosa rispose che, se fosse stato per lei,
l’avrebbe accettata, ma sentiva che il volere di Dio era un altro.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
María Emilia insistette, però madre Angela, dopo una breve prova, le fece
capire che quello non era il suo posto. Avendo ottimi rapporti con la superiora
delle Riparatrici, domandò poi l’ammissione presso di loro, ma si ammalò non
appena si conclusero le fasi formali per il suo ingresso.<br />
<br /><b>
La cappella privata</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Se non poteva stare presso il Signore, poteva però fare in modo che Lui fosse
accanto a lei. Nella casa di Siviglia, come anche in altre abitazioni, María
Emilia aveva un ambiente adibito a cappella, con un’immagine dell’Immacolata
Concezione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Decise quindi di chiedere il permesso all’autorità competente per potervi
ospitare il Santissimo Sacramento. Da allora, non ebbe più bisogno di bussare
alle porte dei conventi, perché poteva trascorrere tutto il tempo che voleva
davanti a Gesù.<br />
<br /><b>
Ritorno a Granada</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un giorno, mentre esaminava le sue proprietà insieme al loro amministratore, si
soffermò su quella denominata “Orto di San Girolamo”, un ampio appezzamento di
terra a distanza sufficiente dalla città di Granada. Cominciò a immaginare di
edificarvi una cappella per l’Adorazione perpetua, una piccola casa per lei e
per una dama di compagnia, e poco altro.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Cercò di scacciare quella che riteneva una fantasticheria, ma le tornava alla
mente con insistenza sempre maggiore. Anche durante la preghiera soppesava
continuamente i vantaggi e le prospettive di fallimento, ma alla fine prese la
sua decisione. Si trasferì definitivamente a Granada con la sua dama e l’architetto
incaricato del progetto; era ormai il 1892.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La costruzione cominciò, ma erano appena stati edificati i muri portanti che
cominciarono ad arrivare commenti malevoli nei suoi riguardi. María Emilia fu
colta nuovamente dai dubbi, oscillando tra una vita tutto sommato buona e
l’aspirazione a qualcosa di più perfetto, che alla fine ebbe il sopravvento.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fu cacciata dall’appartamento che aveva preso in affitto, per cui dovette far
costruire anche la nuova abitazione il prima possibile. L’architetto se n’era andato,
così presiedette lei stessa ai lavori, meravigliando gli operai.<br />
<br /><b>
Le prime compagne</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Alla fine, il complesso fu inaugurato: al centro, come aveva immaginato, la
chiesa. María Emilia aveva pensato inizialmente d’invitarvi una comunità
religiosa, ma comprese di doverne fondare una lei stessa, denominandola Opera
della Vergine. Ne parlò col vescovo di Granada, che la conosceva da anni e che
benedisse la nuova famiglia, ancora in gestazione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Non passò molto tempo che, alla sua porta, bussarono le prime aspiranti. María
Emilia si diede alla stesura delle Costituzioni, che furono approvate per un
anno. Intanto aveva aggiunto un nuovo fine alla sua opera, dopo aver letto gli
“Annali della Propagazione della Fede”: l’evangelizzazione missionaria. Anche
in quel caso, il vescovo le diede via libera.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Infine, il 25 marzo 1896, venne ufficialmente data vita alle Religiose
Missionarie del Santissimo Sacramento e di Maria Immacolata, con la professione
religiosa della fondatrice e delle prime sette compagne. Il nuovo nome univa le
due più grandi passioni di madre María Emilia: l’’Eucaristia, che definiva “il
paradiso in terra” mentre l’adorazione era “la mia ora di cielo, il mio ristoro
e riposo spirituale”, e l’Immacolata, cui era devota sin da piccola.<br />
<br /><b>
L’espansione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Alla casa madre di Granada si aggiunsero quelle in altre zone della Spagna (a
Pamplona e a Madrid) e in Portogallo. L’espansione missionaria cominciò con una
presenza in Brasile. In tutte le case, le religiose s’impegnavano a vivere
cercando di conformarsi al dono eucaristico del Signore, per consolare i
fratelli ed educare i più piccoli.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Intanto, madre María Emilia avviò i passi per il riconoscimento ufficiale, dopo
quello diocesano avvenuto l’anno stesso della fondazione. Il 2 febbraio 1909 fu
ottenuto il pontificio decreto di lode, mentre il 5 agosto 1912 giunse
l’approvazione definitiva. Un mese prima, il 3 luglio 1912, la congregazione
aveva ottenuto l’aggregazione all’Ordine dei Frati Minori.<br />
<br /><b>
Uno sguardo alla sua spiritualità</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Madre María Emilia apprese come superare i timori che l’avevano colta
confidando unicamente nella presenza del Signore. Così pregava: «Mio Dio e mio
Tutto. In Dio trovo tutto, senza di Lui non voglio nulla, Lui mi soddisfa
pienamente. Però, Signore, fa’ che mi conosca e ti conosca, che sospiri solo
per la mia umiliazione e la tua gloria. Madre mia, solo tu puoi ottenermi
questa grazia». Alle suore raccomandava: «Servire Dio con gioia è la stessa
bontà. Siate sempre contente e gioiose, che Dio ci ama tantissimo».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Madre María Emilia morì nella casa madre di Granada il 10 dicembre 1940, a
novantatré anni. Quanti le erano accanto in quel momento la videro
addormentarsi col sorriso sulle labbra. Dal 2008 le sue spoglie mortali
riposano in quella stessa casa.<br />
<br /><b>
La causa di beatificazione e canonizzazione fino al decreto sulle virtù eroiche</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il nulla osta per l’avvio della causa di beatificazione e canonizzazione di
madre María Emilia rimonta al 19 giugno 1982. Il processo cognizionale si è
svolto nella diocesi di Granada dall’11 maggio 1983 al 28 aprile 1991,
ottenendo la convalida giuridica il 14 marzo 1992.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La “Positio super virtutibus”, consegnata nel 1996, fu esaminata dai Consultori
teologi della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, che il 18 maggio 2007
diedero parere positivo. L’11 ottobre 2011 furono i cardinali e i vescovi
membri della stessa Congregazione a dare conferma circa l’esercizio in grado
eroico delle virtù cristiane da parte sua.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 14 dicembre 2015, ricevendo in udienza il cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefetto
della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, papa Francesco autorizzò la
promulgazione del decreto con cui madre María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas veniva
dichiarata Venerabile.<br />
<br /><b>
Il miracolo per la beatificazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Come presunto miracolo da esaminare per ottenere la sua beatificazione fu
scelto il caso di Nelson Jesús Yepes Rodríguez, di Altamira in Colombia.
Ricoverato presso la clinica del Rosario di Medellín per forti dolori allo
stomaco, fu sottoposto a laparoscopia perché i medici non riuscivano a
localizzare la sorgente dei dolori. Dall’esame emerse che aveva una pancreatite
acuta.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sua sorella Emilia Rosa Yepes Rodríguez, Missionaria del Santissimo Sacramento
e di Maria Immacolata, appena seppe che era stato ricoverato, corse alla
clinica e assistette agli esami, pregando continuamente e restando al suo
fianco.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 16 marzo 2003, Nelson fu spostato in terapia intensiva, ormai privo di
coscienza. Suor Emilia Rosa si procurò molti santini della fondatrice e li
distribuì tra i parenti e gli amici, invitandoli a chiedere la sua intercessione.
Lei stessa, quando poteva entrare nell’orario di visita, passava una di quelle
immagini sul ventre del fratello, continuando a pregare. Durante la Messa che
veniva celebrata ogni giorno in clinica, al momento della Consacrazione
chiedeva con particolare insistenza il miracolo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pochi giorni dopo, Nelson cominciò a ridare segni di vita. Dalla terapia
intensiva passò a quella intermedia, fino a essere sistemato in camera. Anche
lui si unì alla preghiera, migliorando a tal punto che, un giorno, poté essere
portato a Messa in sedia a rotelle. Alla fine fu dimesso, dichiarato guarito.<br />
<br /><b>
La beatificazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’inchiesta diocesana sull’asserito miracolo fu convalidata l’8 febbraio 2008.
Il 19 marzo 2019, ricevendo in udienza il cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu,
Prefetto della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, papa Francesco autorizzò la
promulgazione del decreto con cui la guarigione di Nelson Jesús Yepes Rodríguez
era da considerare un miracolo ottenuto per intercessione di madre María Emilia
Riquelme y Zayas.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La beatificazione della fondatrice si è svolta presso la cattedrale
dell’Incarnazione a Granada, col rito presieduto dal cardinal Becciu come
inviato del Santo Padre. Contestualmente è stata fissata la sua memoria
liturgica al 10 dicembre, anniversario della sua nascita al Cielo.<br />
<br /><b>
La sua eredità oggi</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le Missionarie del Santissimo Sacramento e di Maria Immacolata, dette anche
Riquelmine, hanno la casa madre a Granada e la casa generalizia a Madrid. Oltre
che in Spagna, Portogallo e Brasile, dopo la morte della fondatrice hanno
aperto case in Bolivia, Colombia, Messico, Stati Uniti, Angola e Filippine.<br />
Nel 2010 è stata unita a loro la congregazione delle Zelatrici del Culto
Eucaristico, fondata nel 1874 dal sacerdote Miguel Maura Montaner, le cui
finalità, che comprendevano anche l’adorazione riparatrice, erano parzialmente
affini alle loro.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
I laici che condividono il carisma della Beata María Emilia sono associati
nella Famiglia Laica Missami, ma esiste anche il movimento dei Missionari
Eucaristici Laici, promosso dalle religiose stesse.<br />
Ci sono poi i Cooperatori della Famiglia Missami, che partecipano della stessa
missione anche se non sono cristiani o non seguono necessariamente lo stile
carismatico delle suore. Infine, i centri educativi seguiti da loro sono
raggruppati nella Rete di Centri EDUCAMISSAMI.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Emilia Flocchini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/98253">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/98253</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Hna. María Emilia
Riquelme y Zayas</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fundadora de la
Congregación de Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María Inmaculada. El
mundo de María Emilia es el de la vivencia limpia de la presencia de ese amor extremo,
vivo y personal de Dios, de la mano de María.<br />
<br />
Por: Hna. Alejandra Poza Peña | Fuente: Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y
María Inmaculada<br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ENMARCANDO UNA VIDA<br /><br />
Marco político-social de España. Siglos XIX- XX<br />
<br />
Corren malos tiempos para España. El siglo entero es un rosario de espinas con
escasas rosas. Empieza con la guerra de la independencia; sigue la emancipación
de los países americanos; las guerras carlistas, las del norte de África. Dos
desamortizaciones, una en 1836 y otra en 1855, despojan a la Iglesia española
de cuantiosos bienes. El expolio es tan mal administrado que no mejora la
situación de los campesinos pobres y sólo enriquece a los grandes potentados;
más la consiguiente ruptura con la Santa Sede.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
El espíritu de la revolución francesa ha prendido en España y sobreviene el
violento choque entre la nueva ideología y los criterios ancestrales; la
transición del absolutismo hacia el liberalismo no se realiza sin grave
quebranto. No encuentran cauce adecuado las inquietudes suscitadas en pro del
proletariado. El partido progresista es el que avanza más rápidamente hacia la
democracia; el partido moderado reconoce la primacía del trono y tiende a
limpiar la participación de las cortes.<br />
<br />
Las sociedades secretas manipulan impunemente a río revuelto. Unos defienden la
corona, otros la impugnan, y se valen del ejército para hundir al de enfrente.
Es el siglo de las constituciones, de los pronunciamientos, de las represalias,
del vaivén de exiliados que solían ser los vencidos en el levantamiento de
turno. Prolifera el anarquismo; los sistemas republicano y socialista toman un
cariz acatólico; la doctrina comunista se va difundiendo entre las masas. Es el
siglo de las terribles epidemias, del éxodo del campo a la ciudad, de las
crisis laborales, del paro obrero, del hambre que, paradójicamente, acompaña al
desarrollo industrial.<br />
<br />
La segunda parte del siglo XIX, condicionada naturalmente por los convulsionismos
de la primera, fue fascinante para quien, como María Emilia, tuvo el coraje de
hacer frente a problemas inéditos. Y, otro tanto cabe decir de la primera parte
del siglo XX. Junto a las formas históricas tradicionales, y en pugna con
ellas, surgieron, a lo largo de la centuria casi completa, que abarcó su vida,
nuevos problemas sociales, culturales, religiosos y eclesiales.<br />
<br />
La fermentación social fue un hecho, fácilmente constatable, a lo largo de todo
el siglo XIX, y, sobre ella, se echaron las bases, para que en el siglo XX
tuviese lugar una fundamental reforma o revolución de todas las estructuras. Si
no se tiene el ojo avizor, se puede caer, fácilmente, en la ingenuidad
histórica de pensar, que, en el siglo XIX, solamente estaba en crisis el
Antiguo Régimen, las viejas formas estructurales de la Iglesia y de la
sociedad. En la vida de la Iglesia no fue solamente cuestión de formas, sino
todo un nuevo planteamiento de su misión en el mundo.<br />
<br /><b>
Marco espacial. Granada</b><br />
<br />
Granada, capital de Andalucía Oriental, se recuesta, en la confluencia de los
ríos Darro y Genil, sobre unas colinas onduladas que, desde la Alhambra y el
Albaicín, son una suave prolongación de las crestas imponentes de Sierra
Nevada, hasta difuminarse en la Vega ancha, fecunda y luminosa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Granada fue, desde los tiempos más remotos de la prehistoria, cruce de caminos
culturales. Allí se encuentran vestigios de la presencia del hombre
prehistórico, evidencias de la cultura megalítica, rastros de la cultura
ibérica; coincidencias, si no influencias, con la cultura micénica; fenicios,
griegos, cartagineses, romanos lucharon por estas tierras y fundaron algunas
colonias; los vándalos dejaron huellas de sus arrasamientos y la espléndida
cultura visigoda cedió su puesto, después del año 711, a la cultura musulmana.<br />
<br />
En el siglo VIII, una colonia judía funda propiamente la ciudad de Granada en
su emplazamiento actual. La cultura musulmana de Granada se ha remansado, en su
máximo esplendor, en la Alhambra, un palacio real y fortaleza militar, que no
tiene par en ninguna otra ciudad islámica.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En 1492, la reconquista, llevada a cabo por los Reyes Católicos, Isabel y
Fernando, señala el comienzo de la importancia decisiva de Granada en el
desarrollo político de España, al darle un cuerpo unitario a la nación.<br />
<br />
Granada tiene también una larga tradición religiosa, que se remonta a los
primeros siglos de la Iglesia en España. Por sus calles corrió la santidad a
raudales con Santos y Fundadores de distintas Congregaciones Religiosas.<br />
<br />
Hasta el siglo XIX, Granada fue la misma que en la época de la reconquista de
los Reyes Católicos. Después de 1836, la desamortización y expropiación de los
conventos determinó el desarrollo urbanístico de Granada. La cuestión social,
especialmente la pobreza del campesinado, provocará en toda Andalucía una
rebelión, que en Granada adquirió caracteres de verdadera gravedad.<br />
<br /><b>
Marco humano-familiar</b><br />
<br />
Los ascendientes de María Emilia estaban muy arraigados en la sociedad
granadina de su tiempo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
El padre de María Emilia, D. Joaquín Riquelme y Gómez, nació en Granada, el día
17 de agosto de 1812, cuando, en las calles, eran aún bien palpables las
huellas de la vejatoria ocupación de la ciudad, por las tropas de Napoleón. Al
contar 13 años ingresó, como cadete, en el Colegio General Militar. Durante su
formación castrense fue bien imbuido en los más altos valores del honor, de la
religión y de la patria, sin que faltara una buena dosis de “machismo” militar.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Su carrera militar fue verdaderamente fulgurante: los ascensos se sucedieron
vertiginosamente, unos por antigüedad, otros por elección, y otros por méritos
de guerra; al casarse en 1846 era ya Teniente Coronel, y llegó hasta el grado
de Teniente General.<br />
<br />
La madre de María Emilia, Doña María Emilia Zayas Fernández de Córdoba y de la
Vega, había nacido también en Granada, el día 13 de julio de 1815; entre sus
ascendientes figura D. Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, El Gran Capitán; por lo
cual no es de extrañar, que en su familia abundasen los militares ilustres.<br />
<br />
Un indicio de la esmerada educación que había recibido Doña María Emilia Zayas,
muy en consonancia con la preparación habitual, que cualquier señorita de su
clase recibía para el buen desempeño de los menesteres de su casa, y el mejor
comportamiento entre las gentes de su alta clase social, es el que hablase
correctamente el francés y tuviese un conocimiento suficiente para traducir el
italiano.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
El testimonio más sincero de la fe cristiana y de la acendrada piedad
eucarística y mariana de D. Joaquín Riquelme, y que su esposa compartía sin
duda, se halla en las cartas que él escribió a su hija María Emilia.<br />
<br />
La calidad humana y espiritual de Doña María Emilia Zayas la resumió su hija en
unos versículos del retrato de la mujer perfecta del libro de los Proverbios,
grabada en la lápida sepulcral del panteón que, para sus padres y hermanos,
erigió en la Iglesia de la Casa-Madre de Granada:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“No comió el pan de la ociosidad, abrió su mano al pobre, sus adornos fueron la
fortaleza y el recato: por esto confió en ella el corazón de su esposo, sus
hijos la proclamaron dichosa”.<br />
<br />
Un matrimonio así, de tan profundo espíritu cristiano, no podía olvidarse del
socorro a los pobres, que venían a mendigar a la puerta de su casa; y atendían
también, con toda discreción, a quienes, por vergüenza, no se atrevían a
mendigar, pero que estaban verdaderamente necesitados. Este espíritu caritativo
fue una lección bien aprendida por su hija María Emilia, la cual, cuando quede
dueña de la amplia fortuna de sus padres, la empleará, en buena medida, para socorrer
a los pobres.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Someramente hemos señalado la “circunstancia” y el “escenario” en los que se
desarrolló la andadura existencial de María Emilia Riquelme; que repercutieron,
sin duda, en su formación personal, humana y cristiana; y también en el desempeño
de la misión que la Divina Providencia le asignó en la Iglesia y en la
sociedad.<br />
<br />
María Emilia Riquelme no solamente fue testigo, sino causa y efecto, también,
de los avatares del tiempo en que le tocó vivir. Ella no fue un testigo
meramente pasivo, que veía los acontecimientos y los dejaba correr; todo lo
contrario, ella fue protagonista directa de buena parte de esos
acontecimientos: porque, en unas ocasiones, será víctima de ellos; y, en otras,
quiso personalmente enderezarlos de otra manera. Ella siguió con preocupación,
no sólo con curiosidad, el curso de los hechos históricos; los estudió, los
analizó, y supo situarse en su contexto, buscando las causas próximas y
remotas. No podía ser de otro modo, en una persona que se sintió llamada por
Dios, a fundar una Congregación religiosa apostólica; que habría de intervenir,
de una manera decidida, en la formación de niñas y jóvenes, a quienes tenía que
capacitar, para que se enfrentaran, personalmente, a la realidad de la vida;
comprometiéndose, también, en una acción evangelizadora directa del Pueblo de
Dios. Ella oteó el horizonte próximo y lejano de su tiempo; ella fue una mujer
de su tiempo; una mujer actual; y, precisamente, por ser actual, en su contexto
histórico, supo adelantarse al futuro con un compromiso apostólico
clarividente.<br />
<br />
¿Quién fue esta mujer, tan presente y actual en su época?<br />
<br /><b>
I. APASIONADA Y APASIONANTE ANDADURA</b><br />
<br /><b>
1. “Te he llamado por tu nombre…”</b><br />
<br />
Nuestra protagonista nace en Granada el 5 de agosto de 1847, en una casa
señorial sita en la calle Nicuesa, número 5, morada de los abuelos maternos,
los Zayas Fernández de Córdoba, bajo el pontificado de Pío IX y el reinado de
Isabel II.<br />
<br />
La vibración inicial, ante el nacimiento del primogénito, se cambió en gesto de
contrariedad en el padre, que esperaba un hijo varón.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sorprende bastante que Joaquín Riquelme no lograra, desde el primer momento,
controlar su disgusto por el nacimiento de la niña. Ignoraba que su pequeña
había de registrar en el corazón su tibia acogida y que diría muchos años más
tarde:<br />
<br />
“Gracias a Dios siempre he padecido; comencé a sufrir en la cuna; mi padre, que
tan bueno era, llevó una decepción con mi nacimiento; él quería un niño y así
no me recibió muy bien; mi pobre madre también sufrió…”<br />
<br />
La recién nacida es bautizada, a los dos días, en la Parroquia del Sagrario
donde se habían casado sus padres. Le impusieron los nombres de María Emilia,
Joaquina, Rosario, Josefa, Nieves de la Santísima Trinidad. Había que
complacer, en riguroso orden, a los padres y a las abuelas; que esto se usaba
entre la gente de su rango. En realidad el título más alto de nobleza es el que
nos recuerda la hermosa pintura que preside la pila bautismal: representa a
Jesús bautizado por Juan en las aguas del Jordán: “Este es mi Hijo muy
amado…” A esta criatura de dos días el Padre la llama “hija”, “muy amada
hija”; Cristo la ha injertado en el torrente divino de su sangre para
comunicarle la vida sobrenatural; el Espíritu Santo ha entrado en ella como
huésped y ha tomado posesión de su ser. ¿Hay ascendiente que más blasones
cuelgue en su apellido?<br />
<br />
El grano de trigo ha de pudrirse bajo la tierra para que brote la espiga. La
nueva dimensión cristiana potencia misteriosamente el sufrimiento para que,
trenzado con la fe y el amor, nos sumerja en la pasión de Cristo y florezca en
la pascua. Emilia Riquelme ha recibido la gracia de entenderlo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Nuestro Señor me hace conocer claramente es la vida para sufrir y ganar el
cielo; quien crea otra cosa es un tonto soñador…” “La vida es un pequeñito
Calvario para todos los nacidos; es preciso subirlo con gusto y así nacerán
luego flores eternas y fragantes que recreen a Nuestro Señor”. “Sufrir y callar
es el gran camino para la santidad…” “Lo mejor de este mundo es el padecer por
Dios”.<br />
<br />
La desazón de Riquelme no dura mucho; es como tormenta de verano que en seguida
pasa. La misma Emilia nos lo contará: “…Como era tanta la bondad de mi padre y
quería a mi madre con delirio, se fue contentando y queriéndome cada vez más”.<br />
<br />
No podía ocurrir de otra manera; porque don Joaquín era un hombre bueno de
verdad. Pecó de impaciente; había soñado con un hijo varón que perpetuara su
apellido y se señalara en el servicio de la Patria. Y nació una niña. (El niño
nació a los dos años; mas no se vieron colmados sus anhelos de padre ya que
Joaquinillo murió a los 17 años, siendo alférez del batallón provincial de
Sevilla). En muy distinto campo, desde luego, esta niña lucharía contra
formidables enemigos, reclutaría seguidores, conquistaría pingües botines,
mantendría enhiesta siempre la bandera que, por especial designio de Dios, le
fuera confiada. En fin, no defraudaría las ilusiones de su padre, antes bien,
siendo mujer y muy mujer, sin haberlo deseado ni habérselo propuesto, llegaría
a ser la figura más relevante de los Riquelme.<br />
<br /><b>
2. ¡Centinela alerta!</b><br />
<br />
La profesión militar de D. Joaquín hace que la familia tenga que tomar parte
activa en los avatares de la vida nacional. En 1851 es destinado a la capitanía
general de Navarra como jefe del estado mayor. La familia se instala en las
viviendas que hay en el interior de la ciudadela para los militares de su
clase.<br />
<br />
No es difícil imaginar las sorpresas de los hijos de Riquelme al estrenar el
riguroso ceremonial de este castillo encantado. Cada cuarto de hora, desde la
puesta del sol al amanecer, de garita en garita, va rebotando la voz de alerta
que reclama del centinela una actitud de vigilancia, estar de pie, sin fumar,
comer o hablar, bien despierto, arma en mano, ojo avizor y el santo y seña a
flor de labios.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Emilia Riquelme atribuye a la bondad de sus padres “haber sido piadosa desde
que nació”; y cuenta, como dulce experiencia de esta temprana edad, la
impresión que le causaba el grito de los vigías que, en los días húmedos, era
más penetrante: “Centinela, alerta… alerta… alerta está”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Pensaba –refiere después de muchos años- cómo Dios Nuestro Señor nos pide a
todos hacer lo mismo respecto de nuestros deberes para con Él y para guardarnos
de los enemigos de la salvación de nuestra propia alma…”<br />
<br />
También le causa profundo impacto una anécdota que ha oído contar a los
mayores. En una de las revueltas callejeras se encontraba D. Joaquín con la
tropa “en medio de una plaza”. Doña Emilia, sin arredrarse ante el peligro, se
echa a la calle sola y corre hasta el centro para buscar a su marido. La niña
saca la siguiente conclusión: “Si mamá ha tenido este arriesgado arranque
porque tanto quiere a papá, ¿qué deberé yo hacer para con Dios Nuestro Señor a
quien tanto amo?”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Maravillosa reflexión, en la que se revela un rasgo específico de su fisonomía
espiritual, que concibe el amor como afecto ardiente y que ha de traducirse en
servicio por la persona amada.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Aquel grito de Pamplona quedó como huella indeleble en su corazón, aguda
llamada que, en las noches húmedas, oía desde la cama y que había de
configurar, desde la infancia, su postura rectilínea, vigilante, frente a la
vida; sobre todo, en su atención permanente, para acudir con presteza a
complacer al Señor.<br />
<br />
¿Cómo vive María Emilia su “centinela, alerta?”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Cuando apenas cuenta 7 años muere Doña Emilia; y, aunque no pudiera calibrar en
toda su hondura la muerte de su madre, se percató, muy bien, de lo que la
ausencia materna significaba en su vida.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
D. Joaquín volcó, en sus hijos, todo su amor paterno, revestido, ahora también,
de la dulzura del amor materno.<br />
<br />
Desde los primeros años de su infancia, quisieron sus padres educar a María
Emilia, en todo lo que una niña, y una futura mujer de su rango social,
requería en aquellos tiempos; los traslados del padre y la muerte de la madre
no habían hecho posible iniciar seriamente su educación.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Instalado D. Joaquín en Sevilla comienza María Emilia su educación en el
internado dirigido por Doña Luisa Padilla a quien le confiaban, las familias
más aristocráticas de Sevilla, la educación de sus hijas. Después, durante un
año, continuará su educación en el internado de las “Niñas Nobles” de Leganés
en Madrid.<br />
<br />
Cuando, a los 15 años, María Emilia abandona el internado es excelente pianista
y muy diestra en labores artísticas, en encajes, bordados en seda y oro,
calados y otras filigranas. Sabe hacer también primorosas costuras y zurcidos;
habla el francés a la perfección; es mediocre pintora porque no ha practicado
mucho este arte, pero revela una delicada sensibilidad. Muy buena tiradora al
blanco y experta amazona.<br />
<br />
Acompañando a su padre María Emilia tuvo que participar en las reuniones
cortesanas de Isabel II, alternar con la nobleza de su tiempo, ser centro de
reuniones y tertulias. Es la joven encantadora a quien dirige su reclamo la
sociedad divertida y liberal. Todos los días, en la Coruña, oye la traca de
“alertas” que recorre los puestos de guardia como en la ciudadela de Pamplona.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Y siempre, a flor de piel su llamada de atención: “¡Alerta… con los aplausos y
con los honores!; aunque sean ilusorios, dañan”.<br />
<br />
Y siempre, en cada aquí y ahora, “alerta” su corazón.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Alerta”, cuando a los 15 años se desempeña como ama de casa, continua sus
estudios, cuida “con todo esmero y cariño “ de su hermano enfermo, siendo para
él su “Ángel”, poniendo en su corazón semillas de eternidad y preparándolo para
el encuentro con Dios:<br />
<br />
“ La vida, la navegación es corta; el tiempo es breve”. “Todo pasa pronto y ¡es
tan larga y hermosa una feliz eternidad!”. “No busquemos nada fuera de Dios y
de María, lo demás es engaño de un día que enseguida cae. Sólo queda lo que en
Dios se afirma”; participa en las reuniones cortesanas de las que, Joaquinillo
la sacará de apuros indicándole la manera adecuada de componerse para cada
recepción o velada; además, reúne cada día en su domicilio a unos cuantos niños
pobres, los asiste caritativamente, los instruye en el catecismo y los prepara
para los sacramentos; pronto unos críos van trayendo a otros y aquello se
convierte en una escuela de niños harapientos de los que callejean todo el día;
en más de una ocasión tuvo que vencerse, ante el rechazo instintivo que
experimentaba frente a la suciedad y la miseria de los pobres.<br />
<br />
“Alerta”, cuando llega la hora de estrenar un espléndido traje que realza
sobremanera sus encantos. Pero no entra en sus cálculos agradar ni eclipsar a
nadie; mas bien, prefiere reírse del mundo antes de que el mundo la esclavice
con sus liviandades. La cosa es fácil: se coloca un cinturón discordante que
rompe aquel conjunto de elegancia. El público femenino no deja de ponderar la
calidad, la confección, el color. Pero ese cinturón… ¡Qué lástima! Ella sonríe
y se hace la tonta; está aprendiendo a tomar la delantera.<br />
<br />
“Hay que tener en nada lo que no es más que nada”. “Hay que dejar lo que no es
para poseer lo que es”.<br />
“Alerta”, cuando, en las fiestas que se celebraban en el palacio de los duques
de Villahermosa, en Madrid, la duquesa que comprende a María Emilia, se da maña
para conducirla a una habitación apartada del ruido donde la joven pueda
entregarse a la oración, a confeccionar prendas para los pobres, o simplemente
a descansar. Se encuentra más a gusto lejos del vértigo de la fiesta porque,
según dice, “podría así prepararse mejor para la comunión del día siguiente”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
¿Cómo es posible abandonarse al goce de la fastuosa velada mientras niños famélicos
vagan por las calles? Y, a su padre, que quiere que vista a la nueva moda y se
enjoye como sus amigas, le suplica:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Vestidos tengo muchos que transformándolos quedan nuevos; todo lo que me das,
que sea para los pobres… sí, los pobres son imagen de Jesús, los pobres son mis
amigos”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Los visita en hospitales, bohardillas y sotabancos; a unos socorre con
medicinas o alimentos, a otros con ropas; en fin, cura las llagas del cuerpo y
deja caer en los corazones palabras de consuelo y esperanza.<br />
<br />
“Alerta”, cuando, lejos de desear los honores palaciegos, se preocupa de su
aprovechamiento espiritual, como da fe de ello la breve nota del programa para
el año 1881: Procurar la aceptación gozosa de las circunstancias gratas o
adversas que Dios permita; avanzar con diligencia en la caridad hacia Dios y
hacia los hermanos; sufrir en silencio los defectos del prójimo; examinarse
particularmente del vencimiento propio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Así van pasando los días, los meses y los años; alerta, en pie de marcha,
contra corriente y hacia arriba; bien despierta su fe para vivir con intensidad
el momento presente.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Hoy, en nuestra sociedad, donde vivimos constantemente bombardeados por
infinidad de reclamos, ¿no es significativamente actual la actitud de “vigía”
que María Emilia nos propone, para hacer frente a los retos y desafíos en
nuestra misión cristiana?<br />
<br /><b>
3. Para Ella, alma, vida y corazón</b><br />
<br />
La infancia feliz de Emilita se ve ensombrecida por el prematuro fallecimiento
de su madre. Ella, tan tierna, tan sensible, tan sumamente cariñosa, a falta de
las añoradas caricias maternales, se abandona, confiada y segura, en el regazo,
caliente y acogedor, de la mejor de las madres, la Virgen María.<br />
<br />
“¡Oh qué madre es la Santísima Virgen y cómo cuida y ampara a sus hijos! ¡Qué
dulce es sufrir con María!”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En esta etapa infantil nace la conciencia explícita que María Emilia tuvo de la
maternidad espiritual de la Virgen María; que queda sellada con la experiencia
bellísima que tiene a los 7 años, a la cual sucederán otras más en el correr
del tiempo. No sabe cómo explicarlo, pero dice que vio a la Santísima Virgen
con el Niño Jesús en los brazos; la Señora la llenó de dicha con sus caricias y
le prometió atenderle en todas sus necesidades. Emilita, a su vez, hizo promesa
de fidelidad a Jesús y a Maria.<br />
<br />
Para María Emilia fue clave en su vida, la actitud de fe de MARÍA, el aceptar
que Dios la sorprendiera proponiendo sus caminos, y ella se arriesgase a
caminarlos en Su nombre, para llegar a comprenderlos más y más, como María el
suyo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
María es la estrella que guía su caminar. De la mano de María avanzará,
intrépida y decidida, hasta exhalar el último suspiro.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Todo lo he hecho para gloria de Dios pero por manos de María. Todo lo de la
Congregación ha sido por medio de María”.<br />
<br />
Y María presentará a Jesús su vida en flor, cuando María Emilia, adolescente,
se consagra con el voto de castidad.<br />
“¡Qué encantadora es la pureza de María Inmaculada! Imita en lo posible a tan
celestial Madre”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Y María será su refugio y confidente, en las soledades y sufrimientos de internado,
mientras sus compañeras gozaban de la presencia, cariño y regalos de sus
familiares.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“No tenía otro consuelo que irme al oratorio a los pies de la Santísima
Virgen”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Consuélate en tus penas con tu dulcísima Madre Inmaculada. Ella te ama mucho”.
“En día claro y en día nublado vive bajo el manto de María; no apartes tu
corazón y tu mirada de tan celestial Madre”.<br />
<br />
La familia Riquelme venera una imagen de la Inmaculada ante la cual rezaron
todos sus miembros. Es el corazón y la alegría de la casa. María Emilia le
cambia los manteles, le pone rosas frescas, y le hace sus confidencias. Y el
general -¡nadie lo diría!- tan metido en el tráfago social, encuentra su mayor
consuelo en rezar el rosario con su hija a los pies de Nuestra Señora.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Y María será la Protagonista, la Maestra, la Superiora, la Protectora de la
Congregación que María Emilia fundó, respondiendo al don del Espíritu, para
bien de la Iglesia. La Obra de María, “Ella sola es la fundadora de esta
familia”, es el nombre casero que dará a su naciente familia religiosa. Y es
tal la confianza con que vive su relación con María, que se atreverá a decirse
y sentirse, “su indignísima Vicaria”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Su partitura de amor fiel a la Señora irá in crescendo, a lo largo de su vida,
pudiendo exclamar como sonoro y majestuoso acorde final: “Nunca le he negado
nada a la Santísima Virgen; para Ella alma, vida y corazón”.<br />
<br /><b>
4. Agraciada y graciosa</b><br />
<br />
No es fácil apresar, en unas cuantas líneas, el abanico multicolor de rasgos
humanos y espirituales que conforman la rica personalidad de María Emilia
Riquelme.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Agraciada con preciosos dones de naturaleza y gracia, supo poner al servicio,
ser graciosa, dadivosa, con gratuidad desbordante, en su quehacer existencial.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Personalidad de pronunciados contrastes y matices que la hacen ser sorprendente
y cautivadora: reciedumbre y dulzura, sociabilidad y recogimiento, inquietud y
serenidad, distinción y sencillez, esplendidez y pobreza; es impulsiva y tiene
que dominar cuidadosamente sus instintos primarios: “…qué bueno es no precipitarse
para nada y guardar los arrebatos y dar salida a las palabras cuando está una
tranquila”. “Oía yo en el mundo… que era muy discreto llevar siempre una
piedrecilla en la boca; yo no entendía eso, ahora sí; mirad, con una piedra no
se puede hablar, ésta es la prudencia, callar y ser humilde de verdad”.<br />
<br />
Profundamente marcado es su sentido del valor que irradiaba a su alrededor; y
que procedía, no sólo de su temperamento y de su educación en un ambiente
militar, sino, sobre todo, de su confianza en Dios: “Valor, firmeza. Dios está
con nosotras”; así animaba a las suyas en las tribulaciones.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Era sincera en extremo y amaba la sinceridad en los demás: “Me gustan las cosas
claras”. “Sed todas sencillas y claras, esto le gusta mucho a Nuestro Señor”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Su laboriosidad quedaba patente en la sucesión ininterrumpida de ocupaciones:
“Sin tiempo para nada”. “Esto es volar, no tengo tiempo ni para lo preciso”.<br />
<br />
Gran amante de la naturaleza; la belleza que contemplaba y la música que le
deleitaba la conducían al Creador: “No sabré deciros lo que es la huerta con
los ruiseñores, la luna iluminando las palmeras, que se dibujan en el cielo
azul”.<br />
<br />
Es inagotable su vena humorística, que asoma aún cuando la cosa no tenga ningún
chiste: aludiendo a su gordura y a su edad, escribe: “Dispuesta me tiene
Nuestro Señor a bailar en la cuerda floja. ¡Tendría yo que ver a un botijo con
70 años, bailando!”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ordenada, cuidadosa, fina y elegante, todo lo ejecuta con esmero: la decoración
de sus capillas y el primor y pulcritud en las tareas domésticas.<br />
<br />
Hija de Riquelme, a él se parece en rectitud, equidad y pundonor: “Arreglar en
justicia y caridad las cuentas con el jardinero”. “Me gusta absoluta igualdad
en iguales circunstancias”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Su salud fue siempre precaria; altas fiebres, inapetencia, trastornos del
aparato digestivo, reúma, afecciones cardíacas; los grandes padecimientos
morales repercuten en su débil organismo. Parca en comer y dormir; madrugadora
por más que, con frecuencia, tiene que trasnochar para atender asuntos
urgentes.<br />
<br />
Sus fotografías reflejan una profunda vida interior, pero no alcanzan a
expresar todo el brillo de sus ojos vivísimos y penetrantes, perennemente
jóvenes, que sondean sin trabajo el fondo de los corazones.<br />
<br />
Otros rasgos que podríamos citar: aborrecimiento de protocolos y etiquetas
sociales, amor a la pobreza, hechizo por lo que no se muda ni se acaba, sentido
profundo de la brevedad de la vida y de los grandes premios prometidos a
pequeños trabajos, de “lo mucho que se gana en padecer por Él”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Es una mujer sin trastienda, sin conflictos interiores, con transparencia de
cristal; quizás se nos escapa de puro sencilla. No es escritora; sólo vive, sin
baches ni lagunas, una vida teologal profunda, en perfecta armonía entre su
experiencia divina y humana; lo humano y lo divino conviven en ella en total
integración; no tiene que cambiar de registro para pasar de una broma a hablar
de economía, o de humildad, o de lo grande que es Dios. Toda entera polarizada
por Él. Ella misma se autodefine cuando recomienda: “Dios en el corazón y
sencillez por fuera”<br /><br /><b>
II. TENSANDO EN EL AMOR LA LARGA ESPERA</b><br /><br /><b>
1. Entonces pasé yo junto a ti y te vi</b><br />
<br />
“… Era tu tiempo, el tiempo de los amores. Extendí sobre ti el borde de mi
manto y cubrí tu desnudez; me comprometí con juramento, hice alianza contigo
–oráculo del Señor Yahvé-, y tú fuiste mía”. (Ez 19, 8)<br />
<br />
María Emilia tiene 12 años y su corazón meridional inicia el despertar a una
plenitud de vida y a la nueva realidad del amor. Sueños, grandes ideales,
necesidad imperiosa de entrega, comienzan a desplegarse como las hojas de un
capullo que se abre. Había sido regada con la tribulación y cuando el dolor
tiene dirección y sentido acelera el proceso de maduración.<br />
<br />
En este momento, la figura avasalladora de Cristo, se perfila en su horizonte.
La colegiala se consagra al Señor con voto de castidad. Es maravillosa la
ofrenda de algo que empieza a ser, las primeras espigas en ciernes, las
primeras yemas aún sin reventar. No bien se barrunta algo bello, vivo y
diferente, cogerlo con las dos manos y darlo a Dios en olor de suavidad, a ese
Dios de quien todo bien procede. Ese voto es mutua donación y alianza. Dios,
que toma la iniciativa, se vuelca sobre el corazón y lo seduce y arrastra. Y
ella, María Emilia, limpia, abierta y generosa, se lanza a la aventura divina,
sin condiciones ni regateos: “Aquí estoy, Señor, porque me has llamado”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ya no dará marcha atrás, antes bien, poco a poco, pero con paso firme, irá
conquistando metas cada vez más altas.<br />
<br />
¿Qué sorpresas nos esperan en el sendero zigzagueante de nuestra intrépida
protagonista? ¿La seguimos?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Verdaderamente fue itinerante y zigzagueante su camino acompañando a su padre,
en los diferentes lugares, a dónde era destinado por su profesión militar:
Pamplona, Madrid, Tenerife, Sevilla, La Coruña, Lisboa…<br />
<br />
Desde que se abrió a la luz de la razón, María Emilia mantuvo gran fidelidad al
amor divino; amor que, al afianzarse y acrecentarse, se hace totalitario,
exclusivo, y exige plenitud en la entrega de toda la persona; se ha persuadido
de que el cauce privilegiado para realizar su donación es la vida religiosa y
se siente animada a desembarazarse de cualquier atadura para lanzarse, “mar
adentro”, por el mundo de las realidades trascendentes. Sin titubeos se dispone
a abordar el tema con su padre:<br />
<br />
“La fecha 2 de febrero de 1868 es memorable para mí; como me sentía apremiada
por la gracia y el mundo cada vez se me hacía más aborrecible, decidí, después
de encomendarlo mucho a mi Santísima Madre Inmaculada, declarar a mi padre mi
vehemente deseo de entrar religiosa cuanto antes. ¡Dios mío, la que se armó! Mi
padre puso el grito en el cielo; con una seriedad que imponía, llamó a su
despacho a mi Director; vino a casa también algún buen prelado amigo; los
criados estaban asustados; parecía que había ocurrido una gran catástrofe;
resultado de todo, que, como papá se puso malísimo, me mandaron ofrecer mi
sacrificio a Dios, esperando su hora…”<br />
<br />
Es duro para la joven sentirse obligada por fuerzas contrapuestas. No insiste,
pero tampoco desiste. Seguirá esperando con paciencia el momento oportuno.
“Mucho me costó y sufrí; pero me resigné y seguí mi vida normal, animando y
consolando a mi padre, como si nada hubiese pasado…”<br />
<br />
La hija del general, con 21 años y una vida espléndida palpitándole por las
venas, se siente desterrada en Madrid, al igual que su padre lo está en Lisboa.
Vive con unos familiares. Y precisamente en esta coyuntura viene a rondarle el
amor. Está loco por ella su primo Eduardo Díaz del Moral y Riquelme, apuesto
diplomático, pocos años mayor que ella, bueno, religioso, inteligente, de
estupenda posición social. María Emilia disuade a su primo con elegancia. Ya
sabemos la respuesta. Había tenido que sacrificar su vocación religiosa, el
anhelo de toda su vida, por atender a su padre, pero no está dispuesta a
renunciar, por nada ni por nadie, al amor esponsal que prometió a su Cristo
amado.<br />
<br />
A María Emilia le nacen alas en los pies cuando D. Joaquín la llama a Lisboa;
es natural que arda en deseos de reunirse con su padre; y, también, que apetezca
poner tierra por medio a las reiteradas proposiciones de Eduardo y de otros
pretendientes, que se cruzaron en su camino.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Vive fascinada de lo eterno. “Los amores de este mundo -son humo-, por nada se
evaporan. Sólo Dios, sólo su amor”. “Sólo Dios es…” “Él sí llena el alma, lo
demás polvo, basura, nada”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
No le importa manifestar que vive entregada a Dios; si los seguidores del mundo
no tienen a menos pregonar que lo son, ¿habrá de tener Cristo seguidores menos
valientes?<br />
<br />
Es innegable que la joven vive en su ambiente como pez fuera del agua; pero en
tanto llega la hora de Dios, procura llenar su espera de obras buenas hechas en
silencio. Su centro y su fuerza es el Santísimo Sacramento, Cristo vivo que
acampó entre nosotros y aún habita en la pequeña tienda de sus tabernáculos. Le
bulle en la mente, con persistencia, el recuerdo del culto perpetuo que la
catedral de Lugo le tributa. ¿Qué mucho devolver compañía por compañía,
presencia por presencia? Sería maravilloso estar adorando sin cesar a la
Eucaristía; ¿desde cuándo aletea en su alma este ideal? Si ella pudiera,
fundaría una institución dedicada perennemente a la adoración del divino
Sacramento; está rumiándolo desde los diez y ocho años como algo arrebatador,
pero irrealizable.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Hace lo que está en su mano, sin paralizarse en lo que podría ser una quimera.
Todos los días va con su padre a la iglesia donde está el Señor expuesto en las
“Cuarenta Horas”. De rodillas, ante la custodia de S.D.M. María Emilia es
feliz.<br />
<br />
“La Eucaristía es el paraíso de la tierra, mi recreo y descanso espiritual”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Y, año tras año, en la fiesta del Corpus sevillano, tiembla de emoción al
presenciar el desfile procesional, desde el balcón engalanado, arrojando flores
al paso de la custodia, con el rostro encendido y los ojos húmedos, “con el
alma toda” –como ella decía- que es como valen las cosas pequeñas que ofrecemos
al Señor.<br />
<br />
Por este tiempo María Emilia toma como director espiritual a D. Marcelo
Spínola, párroco de la iglesia de S. Lorenzo, que le aconseja se asocie a las
conferencias de san Vicente de Paúl, obra que, a la sazón, canaliza los
fervores de las damas caritativas de la ciudad. Así lo hace María Emilia; y,
como miembro activo, pronto se pone en contacto con los estratos más bajos de
la sociedad, donde tiene que intervenir en casos agudos de degradación moral,
con no poco asombro y dolor por su parte. También forma parte, como profesora
de labores, en el colegio fundado por D. Marcelo para niñas pobres. María
Emilia trabaja con amor en la educación de las hijas del pueblo; para ella
supone un ensayo que dejará huella en su corazón.<br />
<br />
El tiempo no pasaba en vano; la salud del general se resentía cada vez más; en
uno de sus habituales paseos en coche tuvieron un accidente; María Emilia salió
ilesa, pero su padre quedó bastante maltrecho, con varios cortes en la cara; su
estado se agravó por una fuerte hemorragia; en los tres meses que sobrevivió,
María Emilia estuvo pendiente, día y noche, del enfermo, hasta que murió en
febrero de 1885.<br />
<br />
Muerto su padre y repuesta de su salud, María Emilia se retiró por completo de
las reuniones de sociedad; empezó a distribuir, a manos llenas, buena parte de
la cuantiosa fortuna que había heredado de su padre; también comienzan a
despejarse los caminos de Dios; mas, antes de su clarificación definitiva,
tendrá que descorrer el velo de muchas dudas y pasar por muchas tribulaciones.<br />
<br />
D. Marcelo impulsa una Congregación de cuya primera comunidad forma parte María
Emilia por expresa voluntad de confesor; al cabo de un año y medio, no exento de
dificultades y vicisitudes, tiene que salir por deterioro considerable de su
salud.<br />
<br />
Al regresar a Sevilla, María Emilia reinició el mismo estilo de vida que había
conducido después de la muerte de su padre: la oración, la visita al Santísimo
Sacramento y la atención a los necesitados polarizaban la mayor parte de su
jornada.<br />
<br />
El fracaso de su primera experiencia religiosa, no condujo a María Emilia a
pensar, que Dios no la llamaba a una vida de entera consagración a su servicio
y al servicio de los pobres en el estado religioso. Era necesario continuar la
búsqueda del camino concreto, en la realización de la misma.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ha conocido y ayudado con sustanciosas sumas a Sor Ángela, fundadora de las
Hermanas de la Cruz; admira su pobreza y fervor; quiere ingresar en su
convento:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“…Frecuenté mucho y diariamente su convento; todos los días me veía honrada por
su maternal trato y acogida que me enamoraba. Quería ser yo su hija; pero me
decía: “Piénsalo; yo te quiero, pero no es eso lo que Dios quiere de ti” Yo
insistí más, y hasta me consintió estar en los recreos; pero cuando se
formalizó, me puse tan mala, que me dijo: ”¿Ves? Yo ya lo sabía. No es esto
para ti”<br />
En esto vi la luz tan grande que tenía de Dios…”<br />
<br />
Intenta nuevamente por otro camino:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Tenía algún trato con la Reverenda Madre Superiora de la Reparadoras, persona
muy culta y de mucha vida interior; como mi afán por ser religiosa era
grandísimo, y lo demostraba confidencialmente, me animaba mucho a realizarlo;
pero como me sucedía que, cuando iba decidida a formalizar mi ingreso, notaba
una gran repulsión y me sentía malísima de salud, se lo comuniqué, con no poca
turbación, y la virtuosa Madre me contestó que entonces, examinase y viese bien
si Dios quería de mí otra cosa…”<br />
<br />
María Emilia sufría por no ver realizado su sueño de estar, permanentemente, en
la casa del Señor; pero el Señor, que la quería toda para sí, quiso anticiparle
un extraordinario consuelo: vino a su casa para quedarse con ella. En
diferentes lugares había tenido una habitación destinada a capilla; también
aquí, en Sevilla, tenía su Oratorio en el que veneraba una imagen de la
Inmaculada Concepción; pero le faltaba lo principal, la presencia del Señor
Sacramentado. Y así, en un arranque de audacia, solicita este permiso de la
autoridad competente, y busca un buen padrino que abogue por su causa. El
inmenso favor le fue concedido. Ya no va tanto a las Hermanas de la Cruz; ya no
va tanto a las Reparadoras. Ahora, en la compañía tan cercana y permanente de
Jesús Sacramentado, espera le sea concedida la luz y la fuerza que necesita,
para secundar los planes divinos. Enteramente abandonada a su voluntad repite
con insistencia:<br />
<br />
“Dios mío, aquí estoy, tomad mis manos, atadlas y llevadme donde queráis, mas
venid Vos conmigo”.<br /><br /><b>
III. AL FIN, SELLADA POR LA EUCARISTÍA</b><br />
<br /><b>
1. ¡Levántate, amada mía, hermosa mía, y vente!</b><br />
<br />
Han pasado muchos años; han pasado muchas cosas, desde que, siendo niña, María
Emilia salió de Granada hasta que regresa, siendo ya mujer adulta; lleva en su
morral el haz de apretadas y jugosas experiencias: dolorosas unas, gozosas
otras, pero todas enriquecedoras, que han jalonado su camino existencial. Salió
de su ciudad natal llevando la semilla que el Señor había depositado en su
corazón; tuvo que sufrir en la noche oscura de la búsqueda del camino concreto,
por el que la llamaba el Señor, para realizar sus profundas aspiraciones de
vida consagrada; pero, solamente empezó a vislumbrar las primeras luces del
alba, y a cantar gozosamente las alabanzas del Señor, cuando tomó la decisión
de volver a Granada.<br />
<br />
Todo empezó del modo más sencillo; repasando sus propiedades con su apoderado,
María Emilia fijó sus ojos en la “Huerta de San Jerónimo”. ¡Qué grande es la
Huerta de San Jerónimo! Allí todo cabe. Está aislada del poblado y, a un
tiempo, próxima al mismo. Le asaltaban pensamientos de edificar, en medio de
ella, una hermosa Capilla, digna de Nuestro Señor Sacramentado. Con unas
habitaciones para ella, para su doncella y poco más, se conformaba. ¡Hermosa
soledad! ¡Naturaleza pura! ¡Qué marco para vivir enteramente dedicada a adorar
al Señor y a hacer el bien!… Rechaza la idea por antojársele una de esas
fantasías que combina la imaginación; pero la idea vuelve a su mente con mayor
insistencia, y con más argumentos para merecer acogida. Su recurso, en estas
perplejidades, es ir al Sagrario y orar para discernir cuál será la voluntad de
Dios.<br />
<br />
Ora y explica con sencillez, a quien puede ayudarle, lo que pasa por su alma:
cuando se había casi resignado a hacer su vida normal se siente acosada por nuevas
posibilidades de más profunda entrega… ¿Qué hacer? ¿Era una ilusión que debía
ahuyentar? ¿Le inspiraría Dios aquellos deseos?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Y, ¿por qué no? Sopesan lo que se expone a perder y lo que se expone a ganar.
¿Acaso no estarían bien empleados todos los tesoros y trabajos del mundo por
ganar una palpitación de amor divino? Dios es todo y hay que arriesgarlo todo
por Él. El inmovilismo, la indecisión, el temor al fracaso, he ahí la única
derrota. Coraje, pues, y adelante.<br />
<br />
María Emilia emprende viaje a Granada con su doncella y el arquitecto que hará
el estudio y proyecto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“En el año del Señor de 1892, para mayor honra y gloria de Dios y de su
Inmaculada Madre y a fin de demostrar el amor y gratitud hacia la Santísima
Virgen en el misterio de su Concepción Inmaculada, levanta esta casa y le
dedica este templo una humilde sierva suya.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
¡Madre mía Inmaculada! Recibe y conserva esta casa y templo para que, después
de mi muerte, resuenen en ellos tus alabanzas…”<br />
<br />
Durante los primeros meses las obras caminaron a buen ritmo; pero, a medida que
las paredes subían hacia el cielo, también empezaron a subir de tono los
comentarios malévolos de la gente; incluso algunas personas amigas y allegadas
ofrecen, gratuitamente, toda suerte de opiniones desfavorables.<br />
<br />
Algo incomprensible. Para una dama que siempre ha sido objeto de respeto y
admiración supone, algo así, como su bautismo de humillaciones. Sabía lo que da
de sí el mundo, pero ahora está experimentando en su piel su despiadada
ligereza. No obstante, nada detiene sus pasos; en plena efervescencia de las
habladurías se dispone a hacer ejercicios espirituales. Le importa más lo que
diga el Creador que todo lo que puedan decir las criaturas.<br />
<br />
Y Dios se deja oír sin ruido de palabras, si se abre el alma con ganas de
escuchar. Dios habla al corazón de María Emilia. Se renueva la llamada a la
entrega total que sintió en su juventud. También se le presenta el bloque de
sus repugnancias. ¿Para qué complicarse la vida con nuevas “extravagancias”?
¿Para qué dar que hablar? ¡Tan lindamente como podría hacer casi lo mismo desde
la tranquilidad de su casa! ¿Es que la vida que lleva no es santa y buena?
¡Naturalmente! Ahí está lo bueno como el mayor enemigo de lo mejor; la fe nos
conduce a lo más comprometido; la naturaleza a lo más cómodo; ¿naufragará el
ideal de la señorita Riquelme en este dilema?<br />
<br />
El tiempo no pasa en vano; se van despejando las dudas, sigue la construcción
de la casa; no faltan los contratiempos; a marchas forzadas tiene que preparar
un rincón para trasladarse a vivir porque la echan del piso alquilado; ella
misma tiene que ponerse al frente de las obras porque se ha ido el maestro que
las dirigía; y lo hace con tal acierto que los operarios se quedan admirados.
Dios viene en su ayuda cuando todo se le pone al revés.<br />
<br />
La casa es muy hermosa, amplia y espléndida. En medio del edificio, engastada,
como una joya, la Iglesia, la morada del Señor Sacramentado. Todo estaba ya
dispuesto para la Fundación de las MISIONERAS DEL SANTÍSIMO SACRAMENTO Y
MARÍA INMACULADA. El camino estaba a punto de despejarse definitivamente.<br />
<br />
María Emilia, mujer prudente, abre su corazón al arzobispo de Granada, que la
conoce desde niña. El arzobispo ve claro. La espléndida efusión de la gracia no
se le ha dado solamente para provecho particular, sino también para incremento
del pueblo de Dios. Es preciso secundar la llamada. De antemano bendice a la
nueva familia religiosa cuyo nacimiento se está gestando en el corazón de esta
mujer admirable. Ella, al calor de la oración, irá esbozando el programa que
deberán abrazar las jóvenes que sientan la llamada y quieran ser pioneras de la
gran escalada.<br />
<br />
Llaman a la puerta las primeras compañeras. Cierto aire deportivo y una vida
por delante para quemarla por Cristo. Se aprueban temporalmente las constituciones
que rigen la vida comunitaria. Todo está dispuesto para la inauguración, pero
les imponen un compás de espera que durará un año.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Después de orar y cumplir con entusiasmo las constituciones, María Emilia
insiste en su petición; presenta un número de los “Anales de la Propagación de
la Fe”, que reclama la colaboración de las misioneras en la acción
evangelizadora de la Iglesia por tierras de infieles. Más que una alusión
parece una llamada directa. El arzobispo da luz verde.<br />
<br />
Por fin, el 25 de marzo de 1896 tiene lugar la espléndida fiesta con el realce
que se acostumbra a dar a estas solemnidades. ¡Qué día tan memorable!<br />
<br />
Llega la noche con su profunda quietud y María Emilia se postra ante el altar
con la comunidad; con mano trémula abre la puerta del sagrario y queda expuesta
la custodia colocada tras una segunda puerta de vidrio. Ha comenzado la
adoración perpetua que no cesa ni en epidemias, ni en revoluciones, ni en los
días de mayor cansancio. Mujeres vigilantes, bien despierta la fe, con el arma
de la adoración en la atalaya de un reclinatorio. Alerta siempre. Alaban,
agradecen, suplican por ellas mismas y por todos los que trabajan, duermen,
gozan o pecan.<br />
<br />
Ya están en marcha merced a la generosidad de Emilia Riquelme, que ha podido
decir con humildad:<br />
“Pude seguir el impulso divino que me apremiaba despreciando el mundo, el
humano respeto y perdiendo mi pobre nada en Dios que fue siempre mi Todo”.<br /><br /><b>
2. Fascinada por la Eucaristía</b><br />
<br />
Para conocer a fondo a una persona no basta con admirar sus obras, ni basta
conocer el “cómo” de su estilo personal realizándolas. Es necesario conocer Qué
le mueve a realizarlas. A María Emilia Riquelme se la conoce de verdad cuando
se conoce su central interior (el núcleo de los motivos que interesan su
voluntad), su sentido de la vida, su por qué, su razón, su tesoro, fuente
de sus convicciones afectivas, no teóricas. Por ellas, libremente, y al precio
que, en cada momento le fue requerido, tomó, y mantuvo, la decisión más
importante de su vida: la de arriesgarla por entero, de una vez, sin
reservarse, sin poner condiciones y sin guardarse salidas de emergencia, por
hacer presente a Dios en su mundo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Su CENTRO es lo primero que se ve en María Emilia. Lo recibe desde su
nacimiento en un clima de piedad honda. Va haciéndose luego consciente y
manifestándose como tal centro en abundantes experiencias, -no programadas-, de
despojo de criaturas, aún las naturalmente más necesarias. A través de una
cadena de situaciones de desarraigo interior de otras criaturas, se afianza su
conciencia profunda del “Único Necesario”. “Hijas, sólo Dios, y todo lo demás
sólo por Dios”. “Es lo único que absorbe mi vida, servir a Dios y agradarle y,
como causa principalísima, cuidar a mis hijas”. Lo percibe con creciente luz
como el Dios que “Tanto amó al mundo, que no dudó en entregarle a su Hijo
único… para que todo el que crea en Él no perezca…”; se experimenta
especialmente atraída por ese amor levantado sobre lo alto, absorbida por el
extremo vigoroso de ese amor: la PASCUA; y por la PRESENCIA permanente
de ese amor: la EUCARISTÍA.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Jesús Sacramentado es el centro de la Misionera”.<br />
<br />
La PASCUA es su centro personal. Toda su vida resulta fuertemente
marcada por ese amor, que sigue siendo el Centro divino de la historia humana.
Nada extraño que termine polarizada por la traducción sacramental viva del
mismo, la EUCARISTÍA, y que este sacramento de amor que no se
reserva, que no discrimina destinatarios(por vosotros y por todos) y que
busca precisamente a cuantos el egoísmo humano ha discriminado, sea para ella
el centro de ese Centro.<br />
<br />
María Emilia toma en la EUCARISTÍA, a la que accede como bautizada,
progresiva conciencia de su BAUTISMO, como lo que es, no un rito, sino, de
parte de Dios, la llamada más temprana a compartir la vida de su
Hijo Jesucristo y, de su parte, la respuesta primera de su
voluntario compromiso de vivir como vivió Jesucristo. Eso es nuestra
fe:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Nuestro Señor nos ha elegido por su infinita misericordia; al dársenos a sí
mismo y al hacernos suyas, nos ha sellado con el sello de la vocación
eucarística, y este sello lleva consigo la dulce misión de amar a Jesús con
delirio, hasta el martirio, la de darle a conocer a las almas y hacer que le
amen, en una palabra, la santidad más consumada”<br />
<br />
“La Eucaristía, corazón de nuestra vida…, síntesis de todas las realidades
sobrenaturales…, eje de nuestra comunidad…” Const. /90, 3.1<br />
<br />
El encuentro con la Persona del Hijo, “nuestra Pascua y nuestra paz
definitiva”, da un vuelco irreversible a su vida. Un centro personal así,
consciente y apasionadamente asumido es, por esencia, transformador. Recoloca
toda la persona y su mundo en torno a él: afectividad, ideas, sueños,
intereses, cuerpo, deseos, medios, obras, el mundo (“los otros”)… La persona
entera de María Emilia comenzó a ser transformada, reabsorbida por la
conciencia, que va tomando, del proceso pascual que fue toda la vida de Jesús.
Y vive la EUCARISTÍA como llamada a esa transformación; y como fuente
y alimento permanente de la misma.<br />
<br />
“En la sagrada Comunión es donde mejor conoce el alma a Jesús; bebe allí, por
decirlo así, la dicha inmensa de la transformación eucarística; ya no respira
el alma más que en Jesús, por Jesús, para Jesús; allí siente su amor y crece en
su amor y lo ama cada vez más y más, y en su amor se abrasa, consume y quema
con ese fuego divino que vino a traer a la tierra y del cual Él mismo dice: ¡y
qué quiero, sino que arda!”<br />
<br />
María Emilia ha sentido a Dios presente en nuestra historia en formas
tan exclusivamente divinas como la PASCUA-EUCARISTÍA; por eso le duelen el
alejamiento y las ausencias de los hombres con respecto a Dios, nacidas de
inconsciencia y de ignorancia. Para María Emilia es, la PASCUA-EUCARISTÍA
–pasión de Dios por el ser humano-, llamada permanente, con la que
alimenta toda su máxima capacidad de pasión por Dios:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“Yo, vuestra ruin esclava, juro por Vos, mi Dios y mi Señor, que os amo con
todo mi corazón, que os prefiero y os preferiré sin comparación a cualquier
otro amor, por puro, grande y santo que sea, que prefiero perder mi vida mil
veces, antes que perder un átomo de vuestro amor a mí, de mí a Vos, mi Dios y
mi Señor, que sólo deseo amaros más, muy más…”<br />
<br />
Con esa misma pasión desborda de pasión a cuantos sirve, y refiere a Dios
cuanto toca y emprende; porque entiende que nada es suyo, sino todo de ese Dios
apasionado y puesto a disposición del ser humano, objeto de su pasión. Esta
pasión, vivida y correspondida por María Emilia, enciende en ella la necesidad
de ser presencia de ese Dios para todos.<br /><br /><b>
3. Siendo nada, soy todo</b><br />
<br />
Emilia Riquelme ama a Dios de forma tal que este amor constituye la razón de
ser de su vida. Lo contempla según la imagen paterna que la figura del general
Riquelme había dejado impresa en su corazón y que, sin duda, el Espíritu
vivificó con su soplo divino. Emilia ama a Dios como al Padre a un tiempo
majestuoso y amable, inmenso y cercano, adorable e íntimo; con arrebatos de
ternura filial y con sobrecogimiento tembloroso de adoración. Como a Creador y
Señor, como a Rey, como a Dios; muchas veces lo llama regaladamente, esposo y
amigo. Lo ama con amor existencial que arrastra a toda la persona con su
inteligencia, con su voluntad y con toda su capacidad de entrega y servicio; lo
ama con ese amor prevalente y avasallador de quien no respira sino por amor; de
quien puede decir con el Apóstol “mi vivir es Cristo”.<br />
<br />
“En el amor de Dios está toda la plenitud de la perfección, la fuerza contra
los peligros, el descanso en los trabajos, un consuelo incomparable… remedio
universal. El amor de Dios todo lo llena” “En el cielo y en la tierra lo que
vale es el amor”.<br />
<br />
El amor agudiza la visión para conocer; el conocimiento amplía las sendas por
donde se dilata el amor y por esta vía se trenzan y se acrecientan todas las
virtudes.<br />
<br />
Porque ama, es antagónica a la disimulación y a la mentira. Huelga que diga
“jamás engañé a nadie a sabiendas”, pues esta condición sobrenada en todas sus
manifestaciones. Es verdadera hasta la médula de los huesos, espontánea, sin
artificio y, por añadidura, tiene la gracia de poner una nota de humor hasta en
lo más gris del camino:<br />
<br />
“¡Morir por la verdad y ser tenida por tramposa! Bueno, hijas, esto me alegra
esto es también ser un poquito de Dios”. “Amo la verdad hasta morir”.<br />
<br />
Su adhesión a la verdad se refleja en la constante búsqueda de “lo que es”, de
lo que tiene consistencia; en el desprecio de los juicios mudables y en la
aversión a las apariencias, mentiras con las que se enmascaran realidades menos
halagüeñas.<br />
<br />
“¡Qué mundo! Hoy todo aplausos y elogios sin razón, mañana calumnias, quizás, y
menosprecios”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Porque ama, considera la humildad como una actitud fundamental de pobreza, de
reconocimiento sereno de nuestra nada, de nuestra incapacidad radical para todo
bien:<br />
<br />
“Él es mi Todo y yo su nada”. “Mi Dios y mi Todo… En Dios todo lo encuentro,
sin Él nada quiero, Él me satisface plenamente… Pero, Señor, que me conozca y
te conozca, que sólo suspire por mi humillación y tu gloria. Madre mía, Tú sólo
puedes alcanzarme esta gracia”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Humildad es asimilación del Verbo hecho hombre en las entrañas de María, infante
en Belén, ignorado en Nazaret, anonadado en la Eucaristía: aceptación del plan
redentor que se realiza por la obediencia de Jesús y que culmina en la cruz; es
desear que Él crezca y yo mengüe; que crezcan los demás aunque yo no crezca; es
gozarse en la propia impotencia para que en ella triunfe la fortaleza de
Cristo; es saber perder en aras de la concordia, acomodarse a los pequeños; es
“hacerse como niños”:<br />
<br />
“¡Cómo enamoran los niños al Niño de Belén!” “¡Belén! sí, allí no se habla más
que el idioma del amor de Dios y de la humildad”.<br />
<br />
Porque ama, afirma ser pobre “por voto y por efectivo”. No añora la abundancia
y confort de otro tiempo. La que escribía, en perfumado, papel con su anagrama
y filetes dorados, ha tenido que valerse de un clavo, con mala tinta y peor
papel, careciendo, alguna vez, hasta del sello para franquear la carta. Usa
incómodos tranvías y cuando se encuentra tirada por los suelos, esterando la
casa, con el martillo y las tachuelas en la mano, dice que está “más contenta
que de millones, ¡qué alegría esperando el pan que cada día nos da Nuestro
Señor!”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://es.catholic.net/op/articulos/6104/cat/171/hna-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html#modal">https://es.catholic.net/op/articulos/6104/cat/171/hna-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html#modal</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">María Emilia Riquelme y
Zayas-Fernández de Córdoba<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Biografía<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Riquelme y
Zayas-Fernández de Córdoba, María Emilia. Nieves de la Santísima Trinidad.
MSS. Granada, 5.VIII.1847 – 10.XII.1940. Religiosa benefactora, fundadora
de las Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María Inmaculada.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">María Emilia Joaquina
Rosario Josefa Riquelme y Zayas era hija de María Emilia de Zayas-Fernández de
Córdoba y de la Vega, perteneciente al linaje de los Zayas Fernández de
Córdoba, descendiente directa del Gran Capitán. Su padre, Joaquín María
Riquelme y Gómez, era militar, que llegaría como general, en posesión de la
Laureada de San Fernando, al mando de la Capitanía General de Sevilla como jefe
del Estado Mayor. Emilia Riquelme estudió francés, piano, pintura, canto,
equitación, bordado... Su madre, que le enseñó sus primeras oraciones, murió de
cólera en la primavera de 1855 y se instaló con su padre y su hermano Joaquín
en casa de sus abuelos maternos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A los siete años, dijo
haber visto a la Santísima Virgen con el Niño Jesús en los brazos. Ya en su
juventud, consagró privadamente, con voto de castidad, su virginidad a la
Virgen del Carmen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 5 de agosto de 1963,
su padre fue nombrado subsecretario del Ministerio de la Guerra, trasladándose
por obligación de su cargo a Madrid, pero al poco tiempo, por enfermedad
pulmonar crónica de su hijo, solicitó traslado a Canarias con la esperanza de
un clima más suave que favoreciera la recuperación del pequeño Joaquín. En
Tenerife reunió a unos cuantos niños y les explicaba la fe católica: la misa,
la confesión, el amor a la Virgen. Se agravó la enfermedad del hermano y se
trasladaron nuevamente a Sevilla buscando mejores médicos, pero el 2 de mayo de
1866, Joaquín falleció. Su padre fue nuevamente destinado a La Coruña como
capitán general de la VIII Región Militar. Entonces, se decidió a la entrega a
Dios en la vida religiosa a lo que su padre se negó. En la Revolución liberal
de 1968, el general no rindió la Plaza de la Coruña, mandó a María Emilia a
Madrid a casa de su hermana Pepa y tras el destronamiento de Isabel II, depuso
el mando y marchó exiliado a Lisboa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A la vuelta de su padre
del exilio, a Emilia le desagradaba la vida de gran sociedad en la capital y,
en cambio, visitaba hospitales y a los pobres. En Sevilla, en enero de 1875, el
general Riquelme recibió el nombramiento de capitán general de Andalucía;
ascendiendo pronto a teniente general y a consejero de Estado. Con Alfonso XII
le llegó la jubilación. María Emilia se entregó a obras de caridad: limosnas,
pago de estudios eclesiásticos a jóvenes sin recursos, regalo de ajuares a
chicas casaderas..., así, fue benefactora de Leopoldo Eijo Garay, que llegaría
a arzobispo de Madrid. Por consejo de su confesor, Marcelo Spínola, se asoció a
las Conferencias de San Vicente de Paúl.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Damas de la aristocracia,
contemporáneas suyas, destacan su virtud edificante.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En febrero de 1885
falleció su padre. Intentó probar en varias Congregaciones religiosas pero la
debilidad de su salud la obligó a desistir. Por rescripto pontificio se le
concedió tener a Cristo Sacramentado en su casa. Decidió construir una capilla
y casa colindante dedicándolo a la Virgen Inmaculada, y fue gestando los
estatutos de una vocación específica. El lema de la nueva congregación de
Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María Inmaculada será: “Dulzura y
caridad; inmolación voluntaria y alegre por la gloria de Dios y bien de nuestros
prójimos”. Pronto llegaron las primeras vocaciones, y el arzobispo aprobó
temporalmente las constituciones que regirán la vida comunitaria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 25 de marzo de 1896,
presidido por el arzobispo, tuvo lugar la imposición de hábitos a las siete
primeras novicias y profesión perpetua de Emilia Riquelme, como Madre
Fundadora.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Abrió un colegio para
niñas en el mismo edificio y el día del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús del año 1900
inauguró la segunda fundación del Instituto en Barcelona.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pronto corrieron
calumnias y difamaciones sobre ella y su fundación; no faltaron los infundios
de las que se salieron de la Congregación ni las rebeliones internas. Tras una
visita canónica del vicario capitular y de una entrevista con el nuevo
arzobispo, las aguas se fueron serenando. Viajó a Roma y el 2 de febrero de
1909 la Congregación obtuvo el Decreto laudis firmado por Pío X. Con
cuatro casas fundadas, en 1912 se fue a Roma por la aprobación definitiva del
Instituto, que firmó Pío X el 5 de agosto. Pero las insidias y mentiras continuaron.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1936, con noventa
años, formando parte de la comunidad de Barcelona, al iniciarse la Guerra
Civil, tuvo que escapar, huyendo a Francia, de donde pasó a Pamplona, y tras
unos meses, a la comunidad de Granada.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 2 de agosto de 1938,
Pío XI aprobó definitivamente las constituciones de la Congregación. En sus
últimos consejos, pidió con insistencia a sus hijas que rezasen diariamente el
Santo Rosario, “sencillez de corazón y humildad muy profunda”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Además de España con
nueve fundaciones, la Congregación tiene casas en Portugal, tres fundaciones;
Brasil, ocho fundaciones; Colombia, siete fundaciones; Bolivia, cuatro
fundaciones, y Estados Unidos, cuatro fundaciones.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibl.: A. Arderiú, <i>Apuntes
Biográficos de la Reverenda Madre “María de Jesús Riquelme”</i>, Barcelona, Ed. F.
González Rojas, 1942; I. Aizcorbe, <i>Emilia Riquelme</i>, Barcelona, Herder,
1979; Monte arriba. <i>Emilia Riquelme 1847-1940</i>, Barcelona, Herder, 1981; M.
Lozano Nieto, <i>Estudio Teológico sobre la vida y obra de M.ª Emilia
Riquelme y Zayas</i>, Granada, Gráf. Sur, 1994; J. Álvarez Gómez, CMF, <i>Historia
de las Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y M.ª Inmaculada</i>, Madrid, Ed. Anzos,
2000; R. Martín Ribas et al., <i>Sublime itinerario. Guía inédita
religiosa, hagiográfica, histórica, artística de España</i>, Madrid, Ramiro Martín
Ribas, 2004 (2.ª ed. act.,); <i>Misioneras del Santísimo Sacramento y María
Inmaculada</i>, MISSMI, Nuestra Misión, Granada, Graf. Jufer, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">José Martín Brocos
Fernández<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/110364/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas-fernandez-de-cordoba">https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/110364/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas-fernandez-de-cordoba</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi :</b> <a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://adarvegranadino.weebly.com/mariacutea-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html">https://adarvegranadino.weebly.com/mariacutea-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://misionerasdelsantisimosacramento.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Pensamientos_opt.pdf">https://misionerasdelsantisimosacramento.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Pensamientos_opt.pdf</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-43681159744960496452023-12-02T08:40:00.000-08:002023-12-02T08:51:23.921-08:00Saint CHROMACE d'AQUILÉE, évêque et Père de l'Église<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Cromazio_-_Patriarcato_Udine.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="654" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Cromazio_-_Patriarcato_Udine.jpg" width="262" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiepolo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tiepolo (la pagina non esiste)">Tiepolo</a>, <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/San_Cromazio" title="San Cromazio">San
Cromazio</a>, affresco nel Palazzo Patriarcale di <a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udine&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Udine (la pagina non esiste)">Udine</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Portrait
de l'évêque dans la salle du trône du <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_patriarcal_(Udine)" title="Palais patriarcal (Udine)">palais patriarcal</a> d'<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Chromace d'Aquilée<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Évêque d'Aquilée (+
v. 407)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Évêque d'Aquilée, ou
Ravenne, il développa autour de lui une vie cléricale communautaire. Il écrivit
plusieurs ouvrages de spiritualité qui font de lui un "Père de
l'Eglise" et <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1942/Saint-Jerome.html" title="Saint Jérôme, Père et docteur de l'Eglise (+ 420)">saint Jérôme</a>,
admiratif, lui dédia la traduction de plusieurs livres bibliques où il
l'appelle "le plus saint et le plus docte des évêques."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
De saint Chromace, on possède encore une quarantaine d'homélies et une
soixantaine d'écrits consacrés en partie au commentaire de l'Évangile de
Matthieu.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
"Vous êtes la lumière du monde" <a href="http://www.vatican.va/spirit/documents/spirit_20010511_cromazio-vescovo_fr.html" target="_blank">Des Homélies sur l'Évangile de Matthieu, de saint Chromace,
évêque d'Aquilée (Tract. 5, 1.3-4 ; CCL 9, 405-407)</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le 5 décembre 2007, durant l'audience générale, Benoît XVI a tracé un portrait
de saint Chromace, un célèbre évêque d'Aquilea (Italie) du IVe siècle, qui eut
à cœur de lutter contre les derniers foyers de l'arianisme.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
"Saint Chromace a exercé son ministère dans l'antique Église d'Aquilée,
sur l'Adriatique, qui connut son 'âge d'or' à l'époque où elle fut le siège
d'un synode, en 381. C'est dans cette ville qu'il était né vers 345. Il reçut
tout d'abord la foi dans sa famille et, vers 388, il devint Évêque d'Aquilée.
Il reçut l'ordination épiscopale de <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/230/Saint-Ambroise-de-Milan.html" title="Saint Ambroise de Milan, Evêque et Docteur de l'Eglise (+ 397)">saint
Ambroise</a> et il se consacra avec courage et énergie à un ministère
important dans l'immensité du territoire qui lui était confié. Il fut l'un des
Évêques les plus connus et les plus estimés de son temps. Il est sans doute
mort en exil, à Grado, en 407, la même année que <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5401/Saint-Jean-Chrysostome.html" title="Saint Jean Chrysostome, Evêque de Constantinople, Docteur de l'Eglise (+ 407)">saint
Jean Chrysostome</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chromace voulut d'abord se mettre à l'écoute de la Parole de Dieu pour être
capable de l'annoncer. Dans son enseignement, il part toujours de la Parole de
Dieu et il y revient sans cesse. Plusieurs thèmes lui sont chers: avant tout le
mystère trinitaire, dont il contemple la révélation tout au long de l'histoire
du salut, puis l'Esprit Saint, et enfin il revient avec insistance sur le
mystère du Christ, soulignant que le Sauveur a assumé intégralement la nature
humaine pour lui faire le don de sa divinité. Pasteur zélé, son langage était
frais, coloré et incisif, ayant recours à des images facilement compréhensibles
par ses auditeurs."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205_fr.html" target="_blank">Copyright 2007 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Aquilée en Vénétie, vers 407, saint Chromace, évêque. Véritable artisan de
paix, il procura des ressources pour les monastères détruits par Alaric, roi
des Visigoths, et pour les populations dévastées et, excellent interprète des
mystères de la parole de Dieu, il éleva les esprits vers les réalités
d'en-haut.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/210/Saint-Chromace-d-Aquilee.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/210/Saint-Chromace-d-Aquilee.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BENOÎT XVI<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>AUDIENCE GÉNÉRALE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Mercredi 5 décembre 2007</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chers frères et sœurs!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dans les deux dernières
catéchèses nous avons suivi un parcours à travers les Eglises d'Orient de
langue sémitique, en méditant sur Aphraate le Persan et sur saint Ephrem le
Syrien; aujourd'hui, nous revenons au monde latin, au nord de l'empire romain,
avec saint Chromace d'Aquilée. Cet Evêque exerça son ministère dans l'antique
Eglise d'Aquilée, fervent centre de vie chrétienne situé dans la Dixième région
de l'Empire romain, la Venetia et Histria. En 388, lorsque Chromace monta sur
la chaire épiscopale de la ville, la communauté chrétienne locale avait déjà
mûri une glorieuse histoire de fidélité à l'Evangile. Entre la moitié du
troisième siècle et les premières années du quatrième siècle, les persécutions
de Dèce, de Valérien et de Dioclétien avaient moissonné un grand nombre de
martyrs. En outre, l'Eglise d'Aquilée s'était mesurée, comme tant d'autres
Eglises de l'époque, à la menace de l'hérésie arienne. Athanase lui-même - le
héraut de l'orthodoxie de Nicée, que les ariens avaient chassé en exil -, trouva
refuge pendant quelques temps à Aquilée. Sous la direction de ses Evêques, la
communauté chrétienne résista aux menaces de l'hérésie et renforça son adhésion
à la foi catholique.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En septembre, 381 Aquilée
fut le siège d'un Synode, auquel participèrent environ 35 Evêques des côtes de
l'Afrique, de la vallée du Rhône et de toute la Dixième région. Le Synode se
proposait de faire disparaître les résidus de l'arianisme en Occident. Le
prêtre Chromace prit également part au Concile, en qualité d'expert de l'Evêque
d'Aquilée, Valérien (370/1- 387/8). Les années de l'époque du Synode de 381
représentent "l'âge d'or" de la communauté d'Aquilée. Saint Jérôme,
qui était né en Dalmatie, et Rufin de Concorde, parlent avec nostalgie de leur
séjour à Aquilée (370-373), dans cette sorte de cénacle théologique que Jérôme
n'hésite pas à définir tamquam chorus beatorum, "comme un chœur de
bienheureux" (Chronique: PL XXVIII, 697-698). Dans ce cénacle - qui
rappelle par certains aspects les expériences communautaires conduites par
Eusèbe de Vercelli et par Augustin - se formèrent les plus importantes
personnalités des Eglises de la Haute Adriatique.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mais Chromace avait déjà
appris dans sa famille à connaître et à aimer le Christ. Saint Jérôme lui-même
nous en parle, avec des termes pleins d'admiration, comparant la mère de
Chromace à la prophétesse Anne, ses deux sœurs aux vierges prudentes de la
parabole évangélique, Chromace lui-même et son frère Eusèbe au jeune Samuel
(cf. Ep VII: PL XXII, 341). Jérôme écrit encore à propos de Chromace et
d'Eusèbe: "Le bienheureux Chromace et saint Eusèbe étaient frères
par les liens du sang, tout autant que par l'identité de leurs idéaux"
(Ep. VIII: PL XXII, 342).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromace était né à
Aquilée vers 345. Il fut ordonné diacre et ensuite prêtre; puis il fut élu
Pasteur de cette Eglise (avant 388). Ayant reçu la consécration épiscopale de
l'Evêque Ambroise, il se consacra avec courage et énergie à une tâche démesurée
en raison de l'ampleur du territoire confié à ses soins pastoraux: en
effet, la juridiction ecclésiastique d'Aquilée s'étendait des territoires
actuels de la Suisse bavaroise, d'Autriche et de Slovénie, jusqu'à la Hongrie.
On peut comprendre à quel point Chromace était connu et estimé dans l'Eglise de
son temps à partir d'un épisode de la vie de saint Jean Chrysostome. Lorsque
l'Evêque de Constantinople fut exilé de son siège, il écrivit trois lettres à
ceux qu'il considérait comme les plus importants Evêques d'Occident, pour en
obtenir l'appui auprès des empereurs: il écrivit une lettre à l'Evêque de
Rome, la deuxième à l'Evêque de Milan, la troisième à l'Evêque d'Aquilée,
précisément Chromace (Ep. CLV: PG LII, 702). Il s'agissait d'une époque
difficile pour lui aussi, en raison de la situation politique précaire.
Chromace mourut probablement en exil, à Grado, alors qu'il cherchait à échapper
aux incursions barbares, en 407, l'année où mourut également Jean Chrysostome.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le prestige et
l'importance d'Aquilée en faisait la quatrième ville de la
péninsule italienne et la neuvième de l'empire romain: c'est également
pour cette raison qu'elle attirait les visées des Goths et des Huns. Les
invasions de ces peuples causèrent non seulement de graves deuils et des
destructions, mais compromirent gravement la transmission des
œuvres des Pères conservées dans la bibliothèque épiscopale, riche de codex.
Les écrits de Chromace furent eux aussi dispersés de part et d'autre, et ils
furent souvent attribués à d'autres auteurs: à Jean Chrysostome
(également en raison des premières lettres de leurs noms qui étaient
semblables, Chromatius comme Chrysostomus); ou bien à Ambroise et à Augustin;
et également à Jérôme, que Chromace avait beaucoup aidé dans la révision du
texte et dans la traduction latine de la Bible. La redécouverte d'une grande partie
de l'œuvre de Chromace est due à des événements heureux et fortuits, qui ont
permis au cours des récentes années de reconstruire un corpus d'écrits assez
consistant: plus d'une quarantaine de sermons, dont une dizaine
sont fragmentaires, et plus de soixante traités de commentaire à l'Evangile de
Matthieu.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromace fut un maître
sage et un pasteur zélé. Son premier et principal engagement fut celui de se
mettre à l'écoute de la Parole, pour être capable d'en être ensuite
l'annonciateur: dans son enseignement, il part toujours de la Parole de
Dieu et il revient toujours à celle-ci. Certaines thématiques lui sont
particulièrement chères: tout d'abord le mystère trinitaire, qu'il
contemple dans sa révélation au cours de toute l'histoire du salut. Ensuite, le
thème de l'Esprit Saint: Chromace rappelle constamment les fidèles à la
présence et à l'action de la troisième Personne de la Très Sainte Trinité dans
la vie de l'Eglise. Mais le saint Evêque revient avec une insistance
particulière sur le mystère du Christ. Le Verbe incarné est vrai Dieu et vrai
homme: il a intégralement assumé l'humanité, pour lui faire don de sa
propre divinité. Ces vérités, réaffirmées avec insistance également avec une
fonction antiarienne, déboucheront une cinquantaine d'années plus tard sur la
définition du Concile de Chalcédoine. La forte insistance sur la nature humaine
du Christ conduit Chromace à parler de la Vierge Marie. Sa doctrine
mariologique est limpide et précise. Nous lui devons quelques descriptions
suggestives de la Très Sainte Vierge: Marie est la "vierge
évangélique capable d'accueillir Dieu"; elle est la "brebis immaculée
et inviolée", qui a engendré l'"agneau vêtu de pourpre" (cf.
Sermo XXIII, 3: Ecrivains du cercle de saint Ambroise 3/1, p. 134).
L'Evêque d'Aquilée met souvent la Vierge en relation avec l'Eglise: en
effet, toute les deux sont "vierges" et "mères".
L'ecclésiologie de Chromace se développe surtout dans le commentaire de
Matthieu. Voici plusieurs concepts récurrents: l'Eglise est unique, elle
est née du sang du Christ; elle est le vêtement précieux tissé par l'Esprit
Saint; l'Eglise est là où l'on annonce que le Christ est né de la Vierge, où
fleurit la fraternité et la concorde. Une image à laquelle Chromace est
particulièrement attaché est celle du navire sur une mer en tempête:
"Il ne fait pas de doute", affirme le saint Evêque, "que ce
navire représente l'Eglise" (cf Tract. XLII, 5: Ecrivains du cercle
de saint Ambroise 3/2, p. 260).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En tant que pasteur zélé,
Chromace sait parler à ses fidèles avec un langage frais, coloré et incisif.
Bien que n'ignorant pas le parfait cursus latin, il préfère utiliser le langage
populaire, riche d'images facilement compréhensibles. Ainsi, par exemple, à
partir de l'image de la mer il fait une comparaison avec, d'une part, la pêche
naturelle de poissons qui, tirés sur la rive, meurent; et, de l'autre, la
prédication évangélique, grâce à laquelle les hommes sont sauvés des eaux
boueuses de la mort et introduits dans la vraie vie (cf. Tract. XVI, 3: Ecrivains
du cercle de saint Ambroise 3/2, p. 106). Toujours dans l'optique du bon
pasteur, à une période agitée comme la sienne, frappée par les incursions des
barbares, il sait se placer aux côtés des fidèles pour les réconforter et pour
ouvrir leur âme à la confiance en Dieu, qui n'abandonne jamais ses fils.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Citons enfin, en
conclusion de ces réflexions, une exhortation de Chromace, encore aujourd'hui
parfaitement valable: "Prions le Seigneur de tout notre cœur et de
toute notre foi - recommande l'Evêque d'Aquilée dans un de ses Sermons -
prions-le de nous libérer de toute incursion des ennemis, de toute crainte des
adversaires. Qu'il ne regarde pas nos mérites, mais sa miséricorde, lui qui par
le passé également daigna libérer les fils d'Israël non en raison de leurs
mérites, mais de sa miséricorde. Qu'il nous protège avec son amour
miséricordieux constant, et qu'il accomplisse pour nous ce que le saint Moïse
dit aux fils d'Israël: "Le Seigneur combattra en votre défense, et
vous resterez en silence. C'est lui qui combat, c'est lui qui remporte la
victoire... Et afin qu'il daigne le faire, nous devons prier le plus possible.
En effet, il dit lui-même par la bouche du prophète: Invoque-moi au jour
de l'épreuve; je te libérerai, et tu me rendras gloire"" (Sermo XVI,
4: Ecrivains du cercle de saint Ambroise 3/1, pp. 100-102).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ainsi, précisément au
début du temps de l'<a href="http://www.vatican.va/liturgical_year/advent/2007/avvento_2007_fr.html">Avent</a>,
saint Chromace nous rappelle que l'Avent est un temps de prière, où il faut
entrer en contact avec Dieu. Dieu nous connaît, il me connaît, il connaît
chacun de nous, il m'aime, il ne m'abandonne pas. Allons de l'avant avec cette
confiance dans le temps liturgique qui vient de commencer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Je vous souhaite la
bienvenue, chers pèlerins de langue français. Je salue en particulier les
diacres permanents du diocèse de Troyes et leurs épouses. A la suite de saint
Chromace, je vous invite à prier le Seigneur de tout votre cœur, lui demandant
de vous libérer de tout mal et de vous rendre dignes de participer un jour à sa
gloire. Avec ma Bénédiction apostolique.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2007 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/fr/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/fr/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Benoît XVI évoque Saint
Chromace d'Aquilée</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L'Avent entrer en contact
avec Dieu - Synthèse de la catéchèse du saint Père<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Durant l'audience
générale Salle-Paul VI, Benoît XVI a tracé un portrait de saint Chromatius, un
célèbre évêque d'Aquileia (Italie) du IVè siècle. Soulignant que cette ville
importante de la Vénétie antique, le Pape a rappelé qu'entre le milieu du III
siècle et le début du suivant, les persécutions de Dèce, de Valérien et de
Dioclétien avaient fait de très nombreux martyrs, tandis que l'Eglise
d'Aquileia combattait l'hérésie arienne niant la divinité du Christ. En 381,
Chromatius prit part comme expert de l'évêque Valérien au synode régional
convoqué pour lutter contre les derniers foyers d'arianisme en occident.<br />
<br />
Puis le Saint-Père a précisé que Chromatius naquit en 345 à Aquileia dont
devint l'évêque en 388, consacré par Ambroise de Milan. Il se consacra avec
énergie à sa charge, le siège d'Aquileia ayant alors juridiction sur des
territoires qui se trouvent aujourd'hui en Suisse, Bavière, Slovénie et
Autriche jusqu'aux confins de la Hongrie. Il mourut exilé à Grado en 407, la
même année de saint Jean Chrysostome<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">De saint Chromatius on
possède encore une quarantaine d'homélies et une soixantaine d'écrits consacrés
en partie au commentaire de l'Evangile de Matthieu. Cet évêque, a ajouté le
Saint-Père, "fut un maître sage et un pasteur éclairé dont l'enseignement
reposait sur la Parole, à laquelle il retournait toujours. Il goûtait
particulièrement le sujet du mystère trinitaire dont la révélation englobe
toute l'histoire du salut, mais aussi celui de l'Esprit", mystère du
Christ. Son intérêt se portait aussi à traiter le "Verbe incarné qui est
Dieu véritable et véritable homme, qui a totalement assumé l'humanité à
laquelle il a offert sa divinité".<br />
<br />
Ensuite le Pape a indiqué que "son insistance sur la nature humaine du
Christ conduisit Chromatius à traiter de Marie", décrite par lui comme la
"Vierge évangélique accueillant Dieu" et mise en relation avec
l'Eglise. "Toutes deux sont vierges et mères. Mais l'ecclésiologie de
Chromatius se développe surtout dans le commentaire de Matthieu", où il
écrit que "l'Eglise est unique et née du sang du Christ".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ce "bon
pasteur" sut parler à ses fidèles dans un langage vivace et incisif dans
une période perturbée par les incursions barbares. Il demeurait auprès des gens
pour les réconforter, les ouvrir à la confiance en Dieu, qui n'abandonne pas
ses enfants.<br />
<br />
En ce début d'Avent, a conclu Benoît XVI, Chromatius nous dit que c'est
"un temps de prière qui nous invite à entrer en contact avec Dieu, qui
connaît chacun de nous. Il ne nous abandonne pas et en confiance nous entrons
dans cette attente liturgique. Bon Avent à tous!".<br />
<br />
Texte intégral de la catéchèse du Saint Père ► <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0512077_catechese" target="_top">Français</a> - <a href="http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/21244.php?index=21244&lang=fr"> Italien</a><br />
<br /><a href="http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/21244.php?index=21244&lang=fr"> </a> <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0512071_francais" target="_top">Benoît XVI s'adresse aux pèlerins francophones</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/21244.php?index=21244&lang=fr"> </a> <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0512078_marie" target="_top">Benoît XVI rappelle la célébration de la solennité de la Vierge
Immaculée</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Chromace d'Aquilée, père de l'Église du IVème siècle.</b><br />
<br />
Il était le premier auxiliaire de l'évêque Valérien au concile d'Aquiliée (ou
Ravenne) en 381, il succéda à ce dernier sur le siège épiscopal. Il est ami
de <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0711077_catechese">Jérome (1)</a> et <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=1411077_catechese">(2)</a> ,
Rufin de saint Jean <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=1909076_francais">Chrisostome (1)</a> et <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=2609075_catechese">(2)</a> et
d'<a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=2410076_oeuvres">Ambroise</a> de
Milan qui le consacra en 388 et les encourage dans leurs études. Il fut évêque
d'Aquilée et mourut vers 408, âgé d'environ 68 ans.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Né en Italie du nord, aux
environs de l'an 340, Orphelin de père dès son plus jeune âge, sa mère l’élève
dans la foi chrétienne en compagnie de ses frères et soeurs.<br />
<br />
Ses prédications, tachygraphiées, traitent de christologie, d'ecclésiologie et
de la vie spirituelle des fidèles à la lumière de l'Évangile.<br />
<br />
Il a traité particulièrement les huit Béatitudes et prêché sur les dix-sept
instructions des chapitres II, V et VI de l'Évangile selon saint Matthieu, avec
une parole simple et proche des fidèles par les applications morales qui en
découlent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ces ouvrages de
spiritualité font de lui un Père de l'Église. Saint Jérôme, admiratif,
lui dédia la traduction de plusieurs livres bibliques où il l'appelle " le
plus saint et le plus docte des évêques. "<br />
<br />
Homélies sur l’Évangile de Matthieu, de saint Chromace, évêque d’Aquilée (Tract.
5, 1.3-4 ; CCL 9, 405-407) : <a href="http://www.vatican.va/spirit/documents/spirit_20010511_cromazio-vescovo_fr.html">Saint
Chromace- Vous êtes la lumière du monde</a> (Vatican)<br />
<br /><b>
La montagne des Béatitudes, figure de l’Église</b><br />
<br />
Dans une interprétation toute spirituelle du texte, Chromace d’Aquilée, un
contemporain de saint Jérôme, voit dans la montagne des Béatitudes une figure
de l’Église.Cette montagne, sur laquelle le Seigneur a donné les bénédictions à
ses disciples, préfigurait l’Église, comparable à une montagne pour cette
raison que sa vie est dans les hauteurs. […] Veux-tu la preuve que la montagne
est vraiment la figure de l’Église ? Écoute la divine Écriture : « Qui
montera sur la montagne du Seigneur, ou qui se tiendra dans son lieu
saint ? » (Ps 23, 3.) Ce n’est sûrement pas d’une quelconque
montagne terrestre qu’elle pouvait dire : « Qui montera sur la montagne du
Seigneur ? » alors que pareilles montagnes terrestres, non seulement les
hommes, mais même les bêtes sauvages peuvent les gravir. Et on gravit une
telle montagne, non par les efforts du corps, mais par la foi de l’âme
intérieure (Sermon 5, 3, Sources chrétiennes, n° 154, p. 171).<br />
<br /><b>
Baptisé pour nous sanctifier</b><br />
<br />
Homélie de saint Chromace d’Aquilée († 407)<br />
<br />
En ce jour, comme nous venons de l’entendre par la lecture de l’Évangile, notre
Seigneur et Sauveur a été baptisé par Jean dans le Jourdain, et c’est pourquoi
cette solennité n’est pas petite, mais grande, et même très grande. Car,
lorsque notre Seigneur a daigné se faire baptiser, l’Esprit Saint vint sur lui
sous la forme d’une colombe, et l’on entendit la voix du Père qui disait:
Celui-ci est mon Fils bien-aimé; en lui j’ai mis tout mon amour (Mt 3,17).Quel
grand mystère dans ce baptême céleste ! Le Père se fait entendre du haut du
ciel, le Fils est vu sur la terre, l’Esprit Saint se montre sous la forme d’une
colombe. Car il .n’y a pas de vrai baptême ni de vraie rémission des péchés là
où il n’y a pas la vérité de la Trinité; et la "rémission des péchés ne
peut être donnée là où la foi en la Trinité n’est pas parfaite;<br />
<br />
Le baptême que donne l’Église est unique et véritable : il n’est donné qu’une
fois et, en y étant plongé une seule fois, on est purifié et renouvelé.
Purifié, parce qu’on a déposé la souillure des péchés; renouvelé, parce qu’on
ressuscite pour une vie nouvelle après avoir dépouillé la vieillerie du péché.
Car ce bain du baptême rend l’homme plus blanc que neige, non quant à la peau
de son corps, mais par la splendeur de son esprit et la pureté de son âme.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Donc les cieux se sont
ouverts, au baptême du Seigneur, afin que, par le bain de la nouvelle
naissance, on découvre que les royaumes des cieux sont ouverts aux croyants,
selon cette sentence du Seigneur: Personne, à moins de naître de l’eau et de
l’Esprit, ne peut entrer dans le Royaume de Dieu (Jn 3,5). Il est donc
entré, celui qui renaît et qui n’a pas négligé de préserver son baptême; et,
semblablement, il n’est pas entré celui qui n’est pas rené.<br />
<br />
Donc, parce que notre Seigneur était venu donner le baptême nouveau pour le
salut du genre humain et la rémission de tous les péchés, lui-même a voulu être
baptisé le premier, non pour dépouiller le péché, puisqu’il n’avait pas commis
de péché, mais pour sanctifier les eaux du baptême afin de détruire les péchés
de tous les croyants renés par le baptême. Lui, le Seigneur, fut donc baptisé
dans l’eau pour que, par le baptême, nous soyons lavés de tous nos péchés. (Sermons
sur l’Epiphanie, 34; CCL 9A, 156-157)<br />
<br /><b>
Le bonheur selon Dieu</b><br />
<br />
Homélie de saint Chromace d’Aquilée († 407)Un jour où notre Seigneur et
Sauveur parcourait de nombreuses villes et régions en prêchant et en guérissant
toute maladie et toute infirmité dans le peuple, voyant, dit la lecture de ce
jour, les foules qui l’entouraient, il gravit la montagne (Mt 5,1). Comme
il convient, le Dieu très haut monte sur une hauteur afin de proclamer de
sublimes paroles à l’adresse de ceux qui aspirent à s’élever aux plus hautes
vertus. Et, comme la Loi a été donnée à Moïse sur une montagne, il sied que la
loi nouvelle soit promulguée sur une montagne. Celle-là comportait les dix
commandements, en vue de parvenir à la connaissance et à la sagesse dans la vie
présente ; celle-ci comprend les huit béatitudes, car elle conduit ceux
qui l’observent à la vie éternelle et à la patrie céleste.<br />
<br />
Heureux les doux: ils hériteront de la terre (Mt 5,4). Il faut donc que
les doux aient une âme pacifique et un cœur sincère. Le Seigneur montre
clairement que leur mérite est considérable, quand il dit qu’ils hériteront de
la terre. Il s’agit, sans aucun doute, de cette terre dont il est écrit : J’en
suis sûr, je verrai la bonté du Seigneur sur la terre des vivants (Ps
26,13), si bien que l’héritage de cette terre-là, c’est l’immortalité du corps
et la gloire de la résurrection éternelle.<br />
<br />
Car la douceur ignore l’orgueil, elle ignore la vantardise, elle ignore
l’ambition. Aussi le Seigneur exhorte-t-il ailleurs avec juste raison ses
disciples en ces termes : Mettez-vous à mon école, car je suis doux et humble
de cœur, et vous trouverez du repos pour vos âmes (Mt 11,29).Heureux ceux
qui pleurent: ils seront consolés (Mt 5,5). Non ceux qui pleurent la
perte d’êtres chers, mais ceux qui pleurent leurs péchés et lavent leurs fautes
de leurs larmes; et sans doute ceux qui s’affligent de l’iniquité de ce monde
ou gémissent sur les péchés d’autrui.<br />
<br />
Heureux les artisans de paix : ils seront appelés fils de Dieu (Mt 5,9). Voyez
comme le mérite des artisans de paix est grand, puisqu’on ne les appelle plus
serviteurs mais fils de Dieu. A juste raison, car celui qui aime la paix, aime
le Christ, auteur de la paix, lui que l’Apôtre Paul a nommé paix, quand il a
dit: C’est lui, en effet, qui est notre paix (Ép 2,14). Celui qui, au
contraire, n’aime pas la paix, s’attache à la discorde, parce qu’il aime le diable,
auteur de la discorde. Celui-ci, en effet, a fomenté au commencement la
discorde entre Dieu et l’homme, puisqu’il a fait de l’homme un transgresseur du
commandement divin.<br />
<br />
Mais le Fils de Dieu est descendu du ciel pour condamner le diable, auteur de la
discorde; pour établir la paix entre Dieu et l’homme en réconciliant l’homme
avec Dieu, et en amenant Dieu à rendre sa grâce à l’homme. Et il nous faut
devenir des artisans de paix afin de mériter le nom de fils de Dieu. Car, sans
la paix, non seulement nous perdons le nom de fils de Dieu, mais même celui de
serviteurs, selon ce que dit l’Apôtre: Aimez la paix (cf. He 12,14), sans
laquelle aucun de nous ne peut plaire à Dieu (cf. He 11,6). (Sermon
39; CCL 9 A, 169-170). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sources: <a href="http://www.vatican.va/" title="http://www.vatican.va/">www.vatican.va</a> 071205
(440) - <a href="http://www.christus.fr/index.php" target="_top">E.S.M.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ce document est destiné à
l'information; il ne constitue pas un document officiel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php" target="_top">Eucharistie
sacrement de la miséricorde</a> - <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php" target="_top">(E.S.M.)</a> 05.12.2007
- BENOÎT XVI</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0512074_synthese_catechese">http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0512074_synthese_catechese</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Vous êtes la lumière du
monde </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"Vous êtes la
lumière du monde. Une ville située sur une montagne ne peut être cachée. Et
lÂ’on allume pas une lampe pour la mettre sous le boisseau; on la met sur le
lampadaire, et elle brille pour tous ceux qui sont dans la maison. Le Seigneur
avait appelé ses disciples sel de la terre parce qu’ils ont relevé
par la saveur de la sagesse céleste les cœurs affadis par le démon. Et
maintenant il les appelle lumière du monde parce que, éclairés par
lui, qui est la lumière éternelle et véritable, ils sont devenus à leur tour
une lumière dans les ténèbres. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Parce qu’il est lui-même
le Soleil de justice il peut aussi appeler ses disciples lumière
du monde; c’est par eux, comme prêtre des rayons étincelants, qu’il déverse la
lumière de sa connaissance sur la terre entière; en effet, ils ont chassé les
ténèbres de l’erreur loin du cœur des hommes, en montrant la lumière de la
vérité. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Éclairés par eux,
nous-mêmes, de ténèbres que nous étions, sommes devenus lumière, comme dit
saint Paul: Autrefois, vous n’étiez que ténèbres; maintenant, dans le
Seigneur, vous êtes devenus lumière; vivez comme des fils de la
lumière. Et encore: Vous n’appartenez pas à la nuit, ni aux ténèbres;
vous êtes tous des fils de la lumière, des fils du jour. Saint Jean a eu
raison d’affirmer dans sa lettre: Dieu est lumière, et: Celui
qui demeure en Dieu est dans la lumière comme il est lui-même dans la lumière.
Aussi, puisque nous avons la joie d’être délivrés des ténèbres de l’erreur,
nous devons vivre dans la lumière, comme des fils de lumière. Ce qui fait dire
à l’Apôtre: Parmi eux, vous apparaissez comme des sources de lumière dans
le monde, vous qui portez la parole de vie. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Si nous n’agissons pas
ainsi, on verra que, pour notre malheur comme pour celui des autres, nous
couvrons et nous cachons par notre manque de foi comme par un voile les
bienfaits de cette lumière si nécessaire. Aussi savons-nous, pour l’avoir lu
dans l’Évangile, que nous encourons le châtiment mérité par celui qui avait
reçu un talent pour gagner le ciel, et qui a mieux aimé le cacher que de le
confier à la banque. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est pourquoi cette
lampe resplendissante, qui a été allumée pour servir à notre salut, doit
toujours briller en nous. Nous avons en effet la lampe du commandement céleste
et de la grâce spirituelle, ce dont David a témoigné ainsi: Ta parole est
une lampe pour mes pas, une lumière pour ma route. Et Salomon a dit: Le
précepte de la loi est une lampe. Cette lampe de la loi et de la foi, nous ne
devons donc pas la cacher, mais l’installer toujours dans l’Église comme sur le
lampadaire, pour le salut du grand nombre, afin de jouir nous-mêmes de la
lumière de sa vérité, et d’en éclairer tous les croyants." <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Des <b><i>Homélies sur l’Évangile de
Matthieu</i></b>, de saint Chromace, évêque d’Aquilée (Tract. 5,
1.3-4 ; CCL 9, 405-407) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Prière <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dieu qui nous a recréés
par le baptême, fais-nous vivre toujours davantage du mystère pascal: que ta
grâce nous accorde de toujours porter beaucoup de fruit et de parvenir aux
joies de la vie éternelle. Par Jésus, le Christ, notre Seigneur.
Amen <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Préparé par le
Département de Théologie Spirituelle de l’Université Pontificale de la
Sainte-Croix<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/5408295391443355751/4368115974496049645">https://www.vatican.va/spirit/documents/spirit_20010511_cromazio-vescovo_fr.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Chromace d'Aquilée</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
335 - 408</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromace d'Aquilée,
personnalité marquante, était le premier auxiliaire de l'évêque Valérien au
concile d'Aquilée de 381. À la mort de Valérien, il fut élu son successeur. Ami
de Jérome, Rufin et Ambroise, l'évêque d'Aquilée encouragait leurs études,
tandis qu'il se dédiait lui-même surtout aux tâches d'un pasteur des fidèles
dans sa ville. Entre 390 et 410, l'Église jouit d'une paix qui se reflète dans les
sermons et écrits de l'évêque d'Aquilée. La seule note de polémique assez vive
concerne les Juifs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les Sermons de Chromace
d'Aquilée</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tachygraphiés pendant la prédication, les sermons témoignent du souci de
Chromace d’être un bon pasteur de ses fidèles. Dans un style paisible et
équilibré, Chromace traite des questions de la christologie, de l’ecclésiologie
et de la vie chrétienne.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ces sermons, édités pour la première fois, sont attribués à Chromace, évêque
d’Aquilée, d’après des recherches pointues sur les manuscrits.<br /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sermon sur Vous êtes la
lumière du monde</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Vous êtes la
lumière du monde. Une ville située sur une montagne ne peut être cachée. Et
l’on allume pas une lampe pour la mettre sous le boisseau; on la met sur le
lampadaire, et elle brille pour tous ceux qui sont dans la maison. Le Seigneur
avait appelé ses disciples sel de la terre parce qu’ils ont relevé par le
saveur de la sagesse céleste les cœurs affadis par le démon. Et maintenant il
les appelle lumière du monde parce que, éclairés par lui, qui est la lumière
éternelle et véritable, ils sont devenus à leur tour une lumière dans les
ténèbres.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Parce qu’il est lui-même
le Soleil de justice il peut aussi appeler ses disciples lumière du monde;
c’est par eux, comme prêtre des rayons étincelants, qu’il déverse la lumière de
sa connaissance sur la terre entière; en effet, ils ont chassé les ténèbres de
l’erreur loin du cœur des hommes, en montrant la lumière de la vérité.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Éclairés par eux,
nous-mêmes, de ténèbres que nous étions, sommes devenus lumière, comme dit
saint Paul: Autrefois, vous n’étiez que ténèbres; maintenant, dans le Seigneur,
vous êtes devenus lumière; vivez comme des fils de la lumière. Et encore: Vous
n’appartenez pas à la nuit, ni aux ténèbres; vous êtes tous des fils de la lumière,
des fils du jour. Saint Jean a eu raison d’affirmer dans sa lettre: Dieu est
lumière, et: Celui qui demeure en Dieu est dans la lumière comme il est
lui-même dans la lumière. Aussi, puisque nous avons la joie d’être délivrés des
ténèbres de l’erreur, nous devons vivre dans la lumière, comme des fils de
lumière. Ce qui fait dire à l’Apôtre: Parmi eux, vous apparaissez comme des
sources de lumière dans le monde, vous qui portez la parole de vie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Si nous n’agissons pas
ainsi, on verra que, pour notre malheur comme pour celui des autres, nous
couvrons et nous cachons par notre manque de foi comme par un voile les
bienfaits de cette lumière si nécessaire. Aussi savons-nous, pour l’avoir lu
dans l’Évangile, que nous encourons le châtiment mérité par celui qui avait
reçu un talent pour gagner le ciel, et qui a mieux aimé le cacher que de le
confier à la banque.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C’est pourquoi cette
lampe resplendissante, qui a été allumée pour servir à notre salut, doit
toujours briller en nous. Nous avons en effet la lampe du commandement céleste
et de la grâce spirituelle, ce dont David a témoigné ainsi: Ta parole est une
lampe pour mes pas, une lumière pour ma route. Et Salomon a dit: Le précepte de
la loi est une lampe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cette lampe de la loi et
de la foi, nous ne devons donc pas la cacher, mais l’installer toujours dans
l’Église comme sur le lampadaire, pour le salut du grand nombre, afin de jouir
nous-mêmes de la lumière de sa vérité, et d’en éclairer tous les
croyants."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><i>Des Homélies sur
l’Évangile de Matthieu</i></b>, de saint Chromace, évêque d’Aquilée (Tract. 5, 1.3-4 ;
CCL 9, 405-407)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Suite du saint Évangile
de notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ selon Saint Matthieu (V, 1-12).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quand Jésus vit toute la
foule qui le suivait, il gravit la montagne[1]. Il s'assit[2], et ses disciples
s'approchèrent[3]. Alors, ouvrant la bouche, il se mit à les instruire[4]. Il
disait :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« Heureux les pauvres de
cœur[5] : le Royaume des cieux est à eux ! Heureux les doux[6] : ils
obtiendront la terre promise[7] ! Heureux ceux qui pleurent[8] : ils seront
consolés[9] ! Heureux ceux qui ont faim et soif de la justice[10] : ils seront
rassasiés ! Heureux les miséricordieux[11] : ils obtiendront miséricorde !
Heureux les cœurs purs[12] : ils verront Dieu[13] ! Heureux les artisans de
paix[14] : ils seront appelés fils de Dieu ! Heureux ceux qui sont persécutés
pour la justice[15] : le Royaume des cieux est à eux ! Heureux êtes-vous si
l'on vous insulte, si l'on vous persécute et si l'on dit faussement toute sorte
de mal contre vous, à cause de moi[16]. Réjouissez-vous, soyez dans
l'allégresse, car votre récompense est grande dans les cieux ! »<br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Textes liturgiques ©
AELF, Paris</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
[1] Comment les malades pourraient-ils s’élever aux sommets escarpés ? La foule
ne va pas dans les lieux élevés. Jésus, dans les régions inférieures, guérit
les malades et, ensuite, leur donne la force qui leur permet de monter, nous
donnant là un signe de cette bonté qui l’a porté à descendre vers nous pour
penser nos blessures et par notre union avec lui nous amener à la communion
avec la nature divine (saint Ambroise : commentaire de l’évangile selon saint
Luc, V 46).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[2] Il s’assied pour
enseigner, afin d’affirmer qu’il enseigne avec l’autorité d’un maître. Il va
sans doute parler longtemps : préparons-nous à l’entendre aussi longtemps qu’il
voudra nous parler, et que ce ne soit jamais trop longtemps pour nous (saint
Augustin : « Du sermon sur la montagne », I 1).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[3] Cet empressement des
disciples à se rapprocher de lui indique l’empressement qu’ils avaient déjà
dans le cœur à accomplir ses préceptes (saint Augustin : « Du sermon sur la
montagne », I 1).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[4] Seuls les chrétiens
estiment les choses à leur vraie valeur, et ils n'ont pas les mêmes motifs de
se réjouir et de s'attrister que le reste des hommes. A la vue d'un athlète
blessé, portant sur la tête la couronne du vainqueur, celui qui n'a jamais
pratiqué aucun sport considère seulement les blessures qui font souffrir cet
homme. Il n'imagine pas le bonheur que lui procure sa couronne. Ainsi font les
gens dont nous parlons. Ils savent que nous subissons des épreuves, mais
ignorent pourquoi nous les supportons. Ils ne considèrent que nos souffrances !
Ils voient les luttes dans lesquelles nous sommes engagés et les dangers qui
nous menacent. Mais les récompenses et les couronnes leur restent cachées, non
moins que la raison de nos combats. Que voulait dire Paul en affirmant : « On
nous croit démunis de tout, et nous possédons tout » (II Corinthiens, VI 10) ?
Il entendait par là les biens terrestres et spirituels. Lorsque les villes le
recevaient comme un ange, que les gens se seraient fait arracher les yeux pour
les lui donner et qu'ils se seraient laissé couper la tête pour lui, n'avait-il
pas toutes leurs richesses à sa disposition ? Et si tu veux considérer les
biens spirituels, tu reconnaîtras qu'il les possédait aussi en abondance. Aimé
du Roi de l'univers, du Maître des anges, au point de partager ses secrets, il
était le plus riche de tous, et tout lui appartenait. Aucun démon n'était
capable de résister à son autorité, aucune souffrance ni maladie ne pouvait lui
imposer sa loi. Pour ce qui nous regarde, quand nous sommes soumis à l'épreuve
à cause du Christ, supportons-la vaillamment, bien plus, avec joie. Si nous
jeûnons, bondissons de joie comme si nous étions dans les délices. Si l'on nous
outrage, dansons allègrement comme si nous étions comblés d'éloges. Si nous
subissons un dommage, considérons-le comme un gain. Si nous donnons au pauvre,
persuadons-nous que nous recevons. Celui qui ne donne pas de cette manière, ne
donne pas de bon cœur. Aussi bien, quand tu veux faire un don à quelqu'un, ne
considère pas seulement ce que cela te coûte. Songe plutôt que tu en retires un
profit plus important, car ceci l’emporte sur cela. En faisant l'aumône, comme
en pratiquant n'importe quelle vertu, pense à la douceur de la récompense,
plutôt qu'à la dureté du sacrifice. Avant tout, rappelle-toi que tu combats
pour le Seigneur Jésus. Alors tu entreras de bon cœur dans la lutte et tu
vivras toujours dans la joie, car rien ne nous rend si heureux qu'une bonne
conscience (saint Jean Chrysostome : homélie XII sur la Deuxième lettre aux
Corinthiens, 4).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[5] La pauvreté nous
rappelle que nous n’avons rien par nous-mêmes, que nous avons tout reçu de
Dieu, que tous les biens sont communs ; elle nous anène à être soumis à Dieu,
et dans cette soumission à partager tout ce que nous avons ; elle nous fait
entrer en communion de la bonté divine, en attendant qu’elle nous fasse entrer
en possession de sa gloire (saint Hilaire de Poitiers : commentaire de
l’évangile selon saint Matthieu, IV 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Que signifie
: « les pauvres en esprit » ? Les humbles, ceux dont le cœur est contrit.
L'esprit désigne ici l'âme, la volonté. En effet, il y a beaucoup de pauvres
qui 1e sont involontairement et forcés par la nécessité ; ce n'est pas de
ceux-là qu'il parle (ce ne serait pas pour eux un éloge) ; il proclame d'abord
heureux ceux qui s'humilient et s'abaissent volontairement. Alors, pourquoi le
Seigneur a-t-il dit : « Les pauvres », et non : « Les humbles » ? C'est parce
que la pauvreté contient l'humilité. Il désigne par là les hommes qui craignent
et respectent les préceptes de Dieu, ceux que, selon le prophète Isaïe (LXVI
2), Dieu accueille avec faveur : « Celui sur qui je jette les yeux, c'est le
pauvre et le cœur contrit qui tremble à ma parole » (...) Mais, me direz-vous,
pourquoi parler ainsi à ses disciples qui étaient de la plus humble condition ?
Ils n'avaient aucune occasion de vaine gloire, eux, des pauvres, des pécheurs,
de simples gens que rien ne distinguait. Même si cette leçon ne concernait pas
les disciples, elle s'adressait à ceux qui étaient là présents et à ceux qui
allaient la recevoir plus tard, en les<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[6] La douceur chrétienne
nous garde libres de toute agitation dans les contrariétés ; elle réprime tout
désir de vengeance et détourne de se faire justice soi-même ; elle s’applique à
ne jamais, autant que faire se peut, heurter ou froisser personne. Etendue au
sens le plus évangélique, la douceur ne résiste pas au mal, elle cède aux
méchants et elle s’applique à vaincre le mal par le bien nous (saint Augustin :
« Du sermon sur la montagne », I 1).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[7] La terre sainte
promise à Abraham est appelée une terre coulante de lait et de miel. Toute
douceur y abonde ; c'est la figure du ciel et de l’Eglise. Ce qui rend l'esprit
aigre, c'est qu'on répand sur les autres le venin et l'amertume qu'on a en
soi-même. Lorsqu'on a l'esprit tranquille par la jouissance du vrai bien, et
par la joie d'une bonne conscience, comme on n'a rien d'amer en soi, on n'a que
douceur pour les autres ; la vraie marque de l'innocence, ou conservée, ou
recouvrée, c'est la douceur. L'homme est si porté à l'aigreur, qu'il s'aigrit
très souvent contre ceux qui lui font du bien<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Presque tout le monde est
malade de cette maladie-là ; c'est pourquoi on s'aigrit contre ceux qui nous
conseillent pour notre bien, et encore plus contre ceux qui le font avec
autorité, que contre les autres. Ce fond d'orgueil qu'on porte en soi en est la
cause. Bienheureux donc ceux qui sont doux ils possèderont la terre, où abonde
toute douceur, parce que la joie y est parfaite (J.-B. Bossuet : « Méditations
sur l’Evangile », sermon de Notre Seigneur sur la montagne, III° jour).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[8] Il y a quatre sources
où le juste puise ses larmes. Il pleure en pensant à ce qu’il a été et aux
fautes qu’il a commises ; il pleure en pensant aux choses qui l’attendent, au
jugement de Dieu ; il pleure en regardant ce qu’il est ; il pleure en levant
les regards vers le séjour où il devrait être et qu’il comprend les gloires et
les joies de la patrie. Dans le désir que l’âme a de la possession de Dieu,
elle s’élève quelquefois jusqu’à lui par la grâce de la contemplation, et
retombant sur terre, en face des misère qu’elle y retrouve, elle se croit
abandonnée de Dieu et de là naissent ses larmes (saint Grégoire le Grand :
Moralia in Job, XXII 21).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[9] O doux Jésus,
donnez-moi un signe certain, de votre amour, une source de larmes coulant
toujours au-dedans de moi, afin que mes larmes elles-mêmes vous disent mon
amour. Je me souviens, ô Jésus, de cette humble femme, Anne, qui venant prier
au tabernacle pour obtenir un enfant, partit, portant la paix sur son visage
(...) Si elle a tant pleuré, cette femme qui désirait un enfant, comment doit
pleurer une âme qui désire et cherche Dieu ? (...) Regardez-moi donc et ayez
pitié de moi, parce que les douleurs de mon cœur se sont multipliées (...)
Donnez-moi votre consolation céleste et donnez-moi d’abord ces larmes
intérieures qui partent de l’amour, brisent les liens du péché et mènent à la
consolation. Je me souviens aussi de la dévotion ardente d’une autre femme qui,
dans son pieux amour, vous cherchait au tombeau où l’on vous avait déposé, qui,
après le départ des disciples, ne s’en allait pas mais demeurait là, assise et
pleurant, qui, après votre résurrection, avec beaucoup de larmes, explorait
tous les coins de votre tombeau pour vous retrouver (...) Parce qu’elle aima
plus que tous les autres, en aimant elle pleura, et en pleurant elle vous
chercha, et, persévérant dans sa recherche, elle mérita de vous voir et de vous
parler la première (...) Si elle pleura ainsi et persévéra dans ses larmes,
cette femme qui cherchait parmi les morts celui qui était vivant, comment doit
pleurer et persévérer dans ses pleurs celui qui vous connaît pour le
Rédempteur, pour le roi du ciel et de la terre, et qui de tout son cœur aspire
à vous voir ? (...) Donnez-moi la grâce des larmes car je ne puis l’avoir que
par votre Esprit qui amolit les cœurs endurcis des pécheurs, afin que je puisse
laver dans mes larmes la victime que je veux vous offrir (saint Anselme :
oraison XVI).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[10] Je me suis délivré
de mes fautes, j’ai réglé mes mœurs, j’ai pleuré mes péchés, je commence à
avoir faim et soif de la justice. C’est un signe santé (saint Ambroise de Milan
: commentaire de l’évangile selon saint Luc, V 56).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[11] La miséricorde naît
des vertus précédentes. On ne peut arriver à une vraie compassion à l’égard des
malheureux, si l’on n’a d’abord un sincère détachement de tout et une véritable
humilité d’esprit, si l’ême ne s’est remplie de douceur par l’obéissance aux
lois divines, si elle n’a commencé à pleurer ses péchés et à avoir soif de la
justice (saint Anselme : homélie II).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[12] Qu’elle est belle,
qu’elle est ravissante cette fontaine incorruptible d’un cœur pur ! Dieu se
plaît à s’y voir lui-même comme dans un beau miroir : il s’y imprime lui-même
dans toute sa beauté. Ce miroir devient un soleil par les rayons qui le
pénètrent : il est tout resplendissant. La pureté de Dieu se joint à la nôtre,
qu’il a lui-même opérée en nous, et nos regards épurés le verront briller en
nous-mêmes, et y luire d’une éternelle lumière (J.-B. Bossuet : « Méditations
sur l’Evangile », sermon de Notre Seigneur sur la montagne, VII° jour).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[13] Voilà le but de
notre amour, la fin qui nous rend parfaits sans nous détruire. Il y a la fin de
la nourriture et la fin du vêtement. La fin de la nourriture, c'est d'être
détruite par la manducation ; la fin du vêtement, c'est d'être achevé par le
tissage. Celui-ci comme celle-là arrivent à leur fin, mais la fin de l'une est
sa destruction, tandis que celle de l'autre est son achèvement. Tout ce que
nous faisons, tout ce que nous faisons de bon, tout ce que nous nous efforçons
d'obtenir, toutes les causes dignes d'éloges pour lesquelles nous nous
dépensons, tout ce que nous désirons d'honnête, nous ne le rechercherons plus
quand nous serons parvenus à la vision de Dieu. Que pourrait bien chercher
celui qui possède Dieu ? Qu'est-ce qui pourrait satisfaire celui qui ne se
satisfait pas de Dieu ? Nous voulons voir Dieu, nous cherchons à le voir, nous
désirons ardemment le voir. Qui n'a pas ce désir ? Mais remarque ce que dit
l'évangile : « Heureux les cœurs purs : ils verront Dieu ! » Fais en sorte de
le voir. Pour prendre une comparaison parmi les réalités matérielles, comment
voudrais-tu contempler le soleil levant avec des yeux chassieux ? Si tes yeux
sont sains, cette lumière sera pour toi un plaisir ; s'ils sont malades, elle
sera pour toi un supplice. Assurément, il ne te sera pas permis de voir avec un
cœur impur ce que l'on ne peut voir qu'avec un cœur pur. Tu en seras écarté,
éloigné, tu ne verras pas. Heureux, en effet, les cœurs purs : ils verront Dieu
! (…) La vision de Dieu est promise quand il s'agit d'hommes au cœur pur. Cela
n'est pas sans raison, puisque les yeux qui permettent de voir Dieu sont dans
le cœur. Ce sont les yeux dont parle l'Apôtre Paul quand il dit : « Puisse-t-il
illuminer les yeux de votre cœur » (Ephésiens, I 18). Dans le temps présent,
ces yeux, en raison de leur faiblesse, sont donc illuminés par la foi ; plus
tard, en raison de leur vigueur, ils seront illuminés par la vision (saint
Augustin : sermon LIII, 6).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[14] C’est une bonne
œuvre, celle qui consiste à rétablir la paix entre des frères divisés par les
intérêts temporels, l’amour-propre ou la jalousie. cependant ceci est peu de
chose au témoignage de Jésus-Christ, disant à des frères ainsi divisés : « Qui
m’a établi juge entre vous ? » Déjà il avait donné ce conseil : « Ne
revendiquez pas ce qui vous a été enlevé ». Il y a une œuvre de paix bien
meilleure et bien plus haute, celle par laquelle les païens, ennemis de Dieu,
par la puissance de la doctrine, sont amenés à la pénitence, à la
réconciliation, à la paix avec dieu, celle par laquelle les hérétiques sont
amenés à rompre avec leurs erreurs, celle par laquelle les schismatiques sont
ramenés à l’unité dans le sein de l’Eglise (saint Chromace d’Aquilée : « Des
huit béatitudes », sermon II).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[L’évêque Chromace
d’Aquilée, mort en 407, était un ami de saint Ambroise et de saint Jean
Chrysostome, en même temps que de saint Jérôme et de Rufin qu’il ne réussit pas
à réconcilier. On conserve son sermon sur les huit béatitudes et dix-sept
instructions sur les chapitres II, V et VI de saint Matthieu, remarquables par
le sentiment de piété et les applications morales qui en découlent. Le style de
Chromace d’Aquilée est agréable et sa pensée est originale. Avant d’être
évêque, Chromace avait réuni autour de lui une communauté de clercs que
fréquentaient de nombreux fidèles dont saint Jérôme ; Rufin qui y fut baptisé.
Elu à la succession de l’évêque Valérien, il fut consacré par saint Ambroise de
Milan, vers 388.]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[15] La persécution est
l’occasion, pour ceux qui la subissent, de fuir plus complètement le mal, de
s’en détacher et d’aller plus complètement à Dieu. Il est vraiment heureux
celui que ses ennemis eux-mêmes aident à atteindre le bien. Il ne regarde plus
à ce qu’il a abandonné, il regarde à ce qu’il qu’il désire ; il ne fait plus
attention à la perte des biens terrestres et il se réjouit du gain des
richesses éternelles ; il regarde le feu comme un élément qui purifie, le
glaive comme brisant le lien qui enchaîne l’esprit à la matière, toute
souffrance comme un antidote au poison de la volupté. Les tourments les plus
variés étaient acceptés avec joie par les athlètes de la foi comme l’expiation
du péché et comme le moyen de détruire les traces que le plaisir avait laissées
dans leur cœur et leur âme (...) Tout ce qui vous attaque vous délivre, vous
délivre du péché, pour vous établir en Dieu. Voilà quel est le fruit de la
persécution : à cause du fruit, aimons donc la fleur (saint Grégoire de Nysse :
« Des béatitudes », VIII).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[16] C'est comme s'il
disait : « Même si l’on vous traite de séducteurs, de charlatans, de méchants,
ou de n’importe quel nom, vous êtes heureux. » Que pourrait-il y avoir de plus
étrange que ces préceptes, que les autres, dit-on, doivent fuir et redouter :
mendier, pleurer, subir la persécution et l'insulte ? Et pourtant le Christ l'a
dit, l'a persuadé, non à deux, à dix, à cent, à mille personnes, mais au monde
entier. Et en écoutant des choses si terribles, si contraires aux habitudes du
monde, les foules étaient frappées d'étonnement, tant était grande la puissance
de celui qui parlait. Mais ne va pas croire qu'il nous suffit de recevoir des
injures pour être bienheureux. A cela le Christ a posé deux conditions : que
ces injures soient souffertes pour lui et qu'elles soient mensongères. S’il
n’en est pas ainsi, celui qui les subit n'est pas heureux, il est même à
plaindre (saint Jean Chrysostome : homélies sur l’évangile selon saint
Matthieu, XV 8).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">CHROMACE (Saint),
Chromatius, père du martyr saint Tiburce, au troisième siècle, honoré le 11
août. L'Église honore aussi, le 2 décembre, saint Chromace, évêque d'Aquilée.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Homélies inédites de
saint Chromace d'Aquilée. «RB» 72 (1962) 201-277.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Une des sources de l'homiliaire de Mondsee: un corpus d'homélies attribuables à
saint Chromace d'Aquilée. «RB» 72 (1962) 132-135.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Homélies inédites de saint Chromace d'Aquilée. 2e série. «RB» 73 (1963)
181-243.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un nouveau sermon de Saint Chromace d'Aquilée et fragments provenant
d'homiliaires bavarois. «RB» 76 (1966) 7-40.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chromace d'Aquilée, Sermons. Tome II (Sermons 18-41). Texte critique, notes et
index. Traduction par Henri Tardif («SC» 164). Paris 1971.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un fragment de sermon sur la passion de saint Pierre peut-être attribuable à
Chromace d'Aquilée. «RB» 82 (1972) 105-109.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un sermon inédit sur Mattieu 16,13-19 de l'École de Fulgence de Ruspe. «Revue
des études augustiniennes» 18 (1972) 116-123.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fragment d'un nouveau sermon inédit de Chromace d'Aquilée, in: FS Dekkers I.
1975, 201-209.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un nouveau témoin important des 'Tractatus in Matthaeum' de saint Chromace
d'Aquilée: l'homéliaire de San Silvestro de Fabriano. «Revue des études
Augustiniennes» 23 (1977) 124-154.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le sermon 34 de Chromace d'Aquilée pour l'Epiphanie. Nouvelle attestation dans
l'homéliaire carolingien du pseudo-Bède. «Sacris erudiri» 33 (1992/93) 121-124.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusmarie.com%2Findex">www.JesusMarie.com</a></span><a href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusmarie.com%2Findex"><span color="windowtext" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; text-decoration-line: none;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusmarie.com%2Fchromace_d_aquilee.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusmarie.com%2Fchromace_d_aquilee.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Duomo_Udine_-_San_Cromazio.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="629" height="219" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Duomo_Udine_-_San_Cromazio.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Pietro
Antonio Novelli - San Cromazio predica nella Basilica di Aquileia - Sacrestia
del <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duomo_di_Udine" title="Duomo di Udine">Duomo di Udine</a>.<br />
<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Novelli" title="Pietro Antonio Novelli">Pietro Antonio Novelli</a>, San Chromatius
prêche dans la basilique d'Aquilée.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Chromatius of Aquileia"><b>Saint Chromatius of
Aquileia</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cromazio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/2-december">2
December</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius’ <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-fathers">father</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">died</a> when
the boy was an infant, and he was raised by his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a> and
large family of older siblings. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-priests">Ordained</a> c.<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/time-line-387">387</a>.
Attended the Synod of Aquileia, and worked for the strong denunciation
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/arianism">Arianism</a> that
resulted from the synod. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/diocese-of-aquileia-italy">Aquileia</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/time-line-388">388</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He worked for peace with
invading troops led by Alaric, and provided aid to those who suffered by being
in his path. Active correspondent with <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saint-ambrose-of-milan">Ambrose
of Milan</a>. Friend of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saint-jerome">Jerome</a>,
who dedicated several works to him. Influential in the translation of
early <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/christianity">Christian</a> works
into Latin for wider use. Financed <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saint-jerome">Jerome</a>‘s
translation of the Bible, and Rufinus’ translation of Eusebius’ <span class="msoIns"><ins>Ecclesiastical History</ins></span>. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-writers">Wrote</a> several
respected scripture commentaries, seventeen of which survive. Friend of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saint-john-chrysostom">John
Chrysostom</a>, supporting him and writing on his behalf against the unjust
accusations of Emperor Arcadius.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/4th-century">4th
century</a> at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-aquileia-italy">Aquileia</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/2-december">2
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/time-line-407">407</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/catholic-encyclopedia-saint-chromatius">Catholic
Encyclopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius">New
Catholic Dictionary</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/pope-benedict-xvi-general-audience-5-december-2007">Pope
Benedict XVI</a>: General Audience, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/5-december">5
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/time-line-2007">2007</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/sermons-on-the-gospel-of-matthew-prologue-by-saint-chromatius-of-aquileia">Prologue
to the Gospel of Matthew</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> Chromatius<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0713653000?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=0713653000&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Book of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2666" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001007.htm" target="_blank">Letter to
Chromatius</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saint-jerome">Jerome</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Chromatius" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613081436/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologiojuliodiciembre.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/San_Cromazio" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90492" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Readings</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You are the light of the
world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden. Nor do men light a lamp only to
put it under a bushel basket; they put it on a stand where it gives light to
all in the house. The Lord called his disciples to salt of the earth because
they seasoned with heavenly wisdom the hearts of men, rendered insipid by the
devil. Now he calls them the fight of the world as well, because they have been
enlightened by him, the true and everlasting light, and have themselves become
a light in the darkness. Since he is the Sun of Justice, he fittingly calls his
disciples the light of the world. The reason for this is that through them, as
through shining rays, he has poured out the light of the knowledge of himself
upon the entire world. For by manifesting the light of truth, they have
dispelled the darkness of error from the hearts of men. Moreover, we too have
been enlightened by them. We have been made light out of darkness as the
Apostle says: For once you, were darkness, but now you are light in the Lord;
walk as children of light. He says another time: For you are not sons of the
light and of darkness, but you are all sons of light and of the day. Saint John
also rightly asserts in his letter: God is light, and whoever abides in God is
in the light just as God himself is in the light. Therefore, because we rejoice
in having been freed from the darkness of error, we should always walk in the
light as children of light. This is why the Apostle says: Among them you shine
as lights in the world, holding fast to the word of life. If we fail to live in
the light, we shall, to our condemnation and that of others, be veiling over
and obscuring by our infidelity the light men so desperately need. As we know
from Scripture, the man who received the talent should have made it produce a
heavenly profit, but instead he preferred to hide it away rather than put it to
work and was punished as he deserved. Consequently, that brilliant lamp which
was lit for the sake of our salvation should always shine in us. For we have
the lamp of the heavenly commandment and spiritual grace, to which David
referred: Your law, is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path. Solomon also
says this about it: For the command of the law is a lamp. Therefore, we must
not hide this lamp of law and faith. Rather, we must set it up in the Church,
as on a lamp stand, for the salvation of many, so that we may enjoy the light
of truth itself and all believers may be enlightened.” – from a treatise
on the Gospel of Saint Matthew by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> Chromatius<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Chromatius of
Aquileia“. CatholicSaints.Info. 28 May 2022. Web. 1 December 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BENEDICT XVI<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>GENERAL AUDIENCE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Paul VI Audience Hall</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Wednesday, 5 December 2007<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Chromatius of
Aquileia</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear Brothers and
Sisters,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the last two
Catecheses we made an excursion through the Eastern Churches of Semitic tongue,
meditating on <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071121.html">Aphraates
the Persian</a> and <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071128.html">Ephrem
the Syrian</a>. Today, we return to the Latin world, to the North of the Roman
Empire with St Chromatius of Aquileia. This Bishop exercised his ministry in
the ancient Church of Aquileia, a fervent centre of Christian life located in
the Roman Empire's Decima regione, the Venetia et Histria. In 388
A.D., when Chromatius assumed the Episcopal throne of the city, the local
Christian communities had already developed a glorious history of Gospel
fidelity. Between the middle of the third century and the early years of the
fourth, the persecution of Decius, Valerian and Diocletian had taken a heavy
toll of martyrs. Furthermore, the Church of Aquileia, like so many other
Churches of that time, had had to contend with the threat of the Arian heresy.
Athanasius himself - a standard-bearer of Nicene orthodoxy whom the Arians had
banished to exile - had for some time been in Aquileia, where he had taken
refuge. Under the guidance of its Bishops, the Christian community withstood
the snares of the heresy and reinforced their own attachment to the Catholic
faith.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In September 381,
Aquileia was the seat of a Synod that gathered about 35 Bishops from the coasts
of Africa, the Rhone Valley and the entire Decima regione. The Synod
intended to eliminate the last remnants of Arianism in the West. Chromatius, a
priest, also took part in the Council as peritus for Bishop Valerian
of Aquileia (370/1 to 387/8). The years around the Synod of 381 were the
"Golden Age" of the inhabitants of Aquileia. St Jerome, a native of
Dalmatia, and Rufinus of Concordia, spoke nostalgically of their sojourn in
Aquileia (370-73), in that sort of theological cenacle which Jerome did not
hesitate to define "tamquam chorus beatorum", "like a
choir of blesseds" (Cronaca: PL XXVII, 697-698). It was in this Upper
Room - some aspects of which are reminiscent of the community experiences
directed by Eusebius of Vercelli and by Augustine - that the most outstanding
figures of the Church of the Upper Adriatic were formed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius, however, had
already learned at home to know and love Christ. Jerome himself spoke of this
in terms full of admiration and compared Chromatius' mother to the Prophetess
Anna, his two sisters to the Wise Virgins of the Gospel Parable, and Chromatius
himself and his brother Eusebius to the young Samuel (cf. Ep. VII: PL XXII,
341). Jerome wrote further of Chromatius and Eusebius: "Blessed Chromatius
and St Eusebius were brothers by blood, no less than by the identity of their
ideals" (Ep. VIII: PL XXII, 342).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius was born in
Aquileia in about 345 A.D. He was ordained a deacon, then a priest; finally, he
was appointed Bishop of that Church (388). After receiving episcopal ordination
from Bishop Ambrose he dedicated himself courageously and energetically to an
immense task because of the vast territory entrusted to his pastoral care: the
ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Aquileia, in fact, stretched from the
present-day territories of Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria and Slovenia, as far
as Hungary. How well known and highly esteemed Chromatius was in the Church of
his time we can deduce from an episode in the life of St John Chrysostom. When
the Bishop of Constantinople was exiled from his See, he wrote three letters to
those he considered the most important Bishops of the West seeking to obtain
their support with the Emperors: he wrote one letter to the Bishop of Rome, the
second to the Bishop of Milan and the third to the Bishop of Aquileia,
precisely, Chromatius (Ep. CLV: PG LII, 702). Those were
difficult times also for Chromatius because of the precarious political
situation. In all likelihood Chromatius died in exile, in Grado, while he was
attempting to escape the incursions of the Barbarians in 407, the same year
when Chrysostom also died.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With regard to prestige
and importance, Aquileia was the fourth city of the Italian peninsula and the
ninth of the Roman Empire. This is another reason that explains why it was a
target that attracted both Goths and Huns. In addition to causing serious
bereavements and destruction, the invasions of these peoples gravely
jeopardized the transmission of the works of the Fathers preserved in the
episcopal library, rich in codices. St Chromatius' writings were also
dispersed, ending up here and there, and were often attributed to other
authors: to John Chrysostom (partly because of the similar beginning of their
two names, Chromatius and Chrysostom); or to Ambrose or Augustine; or
even to Jerome, to whom Chromatius had given considerable help in the revision
of the text and in the Latin translation of the Bible. The rediscovery of a
large part of the work of Chromatius is due to fortunate events, which has made
it possible only in recent years to piece together a fairly consistent corpus of
his writings: more than 40 homilies, 10 of which are fragments, and more than
60 treatises of commentary on Matthew's Gospel.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius was a
wise teacher and a zealous pastor. His first and main
commitment was to listen to the Word, to be able to subsequently proclaim it:
he always bases his teaching on the Word of God and constantly returns to it.
Certain subjects are particularly dear to him: first of all, the Trinitarian
mystery, which he contemplated in its revelation throughout the history of
salvation.<br />
Then, the theme of the Holy Spirit: Chromatius constantly reminds the
faithful of the presence and action in the life of the Church of the Third
Person of the Most Holy Trinity. But the holy Bishop returns with special
insistence to the mystery of Christ. The Incarnate Word is true God
and true man: he took on humanity in its totality to endow it with his own
divinity. These truths, which he also reaffirmed explicitly in order to counter
Arianism, were to end up about 50 years later in the definition of the Council
of Chalcedon. The heavy emphasis on Christ's human nature led Chromatius to
speak of the Virgin Mary. His Mariological doctrine is clear and
precise. To him we owe evocative descriptions of the Virgin Most Holy: Mary is
the "evangelical Virgin capable of accepting God"; she is the
"immaculate and inviolate ewe lamb" who conceived the "Lamb clad
in purple" (cf. Sermo XXIII, 3: Scrittori dell'area
santambrosiana 3/1, p. 134). The Bishop of Aquileia often compares the
Virgin with the Church: both, in fact, are "virgins" and
"mothers". Chromatius developed his ecclesiology above
all in his commentary on Matthew. These are some of the recurring concepts: the
Church is one, she is born from the Blood of Christ; she is a precious garment
woven by the Holy Spirit; the Church is where the fact that Christ was born of
a Virgin is proclaimed, where brotherhood and harmony flourish. One image of
which Chromatius is especially fond is that of the ship in a storm - and his
were stormy times, as we have heard: "There is no doubt", the Holy
Bishop says, "that this ship represents the Church" (cf. Tractatus XLII,
5: Scrittori dell'area santambrosiana 3/2, p. 260).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As the zealous pastor
that he was, Chromatius was able to speak to his people with a fresh, colourful
and incisive language. Although he was not ignorant of the perfect Latin cursus, he
preferred to use the vernacular, rich in images easy to understand. Thus, for
example, drawing inspiration from the sea, he compared on the one hand the
natural catching of fish which, caught and landed, die; and on the other,
Gospel preaching, thanks to which men and women are saved from the murky waters
of death and ushered into true life (cf. Tractatus XVI, 3: Scrittori
dell'area santambrosiana 3/2, p. 106). Again, in the perspective of a good
Pastor, during a turbulent period such as his, ravaged by the incursions of
Barbarians, he was able to set himself beside the faithful to comfort them and
open their minds to trust in God, who never abandons his children.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lastly, as a conclusion
to these reflections, let us include an exhortation of Chromatius which is
still perfectly applicable today: "Let us pray to the Lord with all our
heart and with all our faith", the Bishop of Aquileia recommends in one of
his Sermons, "let us pray to him to deliver us from all enemy
incursions, from all fear of adversaries. Do not look at our merits but at his
mercy, at him who also in the past deigned to set the Children of Israel free,
not for their own merits but through his mercy. "May he protect us with
his customary merciful love and bring about for us what holy Moses said to the
Children of Israel: The Lord will fight to defend you, and you will be
silent. It is he who fights, it is he who wins the victory.... And so that
he may condescend to do so, we must pray as much as possible. He himself said,
in fact, through the mouth of the prophet: Call on me on the day of
tribulation; I will set you free and you will give me glory" (Sermo XVI,
4: Scrittori dell'area santambrosiana 3/2, pp. 100-102).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thus, at the very
beginning of the <a href="http://www.vatican.va/liturgical_year/advent/2007/avvento_2007_en.html">Advent
Season</a>, St Chromatius reminds us that Advent is a time of prayer in which
it is essential to enter into contact with God. God knows us, he knows me, he
knows each one of us, he loves me, he will not abandon me. Let us go forward
with this trust in the liturgical season that has just begun.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>To special groups</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I am pleased to welcome
the Marist and Marianist Brothers visiting Rome for a programme of spiritual
renewal. I also greet the African-Methodist Choir, with gratitude for their
praise of God in song. Upon all the English-speaking pilgrims and visitors,
especially those from Sweden and the United States, I invoke God's Blessings of
joy and peace.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lastly, I greet the young
people, the sick and the newly-weds. We are preparing to
celebrate in a few days time the Solemnity of the Immaculate Virgin. May it be
she who guides you, dear young people, on your way of adherence to
Christ. For you, dear sick people, may she be a support in your
suffering and awaken new hope within you, and guide you, dear newly-weds, to
increasingly discover Christ's love.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2007 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Regio_X_Venetia_et_Istria.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="720" height="271" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Regio_X_Venetia_et_Istria.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_X_Venetia_et_Histria" title="Regio X Venetia et Histria">Regio X Venetia et Histria</a> (10e région
romaine).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Map of Regio X
Venetia et Istria until the time of Augustus Caesar (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shepherd_Map_of_Ancient_Italy,_Northern_Part.jpg" title="File:Shepherd Map of Ancient Italy, Northern Part.jpg">Image:Shepherd_Map_of_Ancient_Italy,_Northern_Part.jpg</a>)</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Chromatius</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01661c.htm">Aquileia</a>, died about
406-407. He was probably born at <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01661c.htm">Aquileia</a>, and in any
case grew up there. He became a <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12406a.htm">priest</a> of that
church and about 387 or 388, after the death of Valerianus, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581b.htm">bishop</a> of that
important city. He was one of the most celebrated <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12386b.htm">prelates</a> of his
time and was in active correspondence with his illustrious
contemporaries, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01383c.htm">St.
Ambrose</a>, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">St.
Jerome</a>, and Rufinus. Himself a scholarly <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14580a.htm">theologian</a>, he urged
these three friends to the composition of many learned works. St. Ambrose was
encouraged by him to write <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05692b.htm">exegetical</a> works; <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">St. Jerome</a> dedicated
to him different translations and commentaries, which he had written at his
suggestion (translations of the Books of Paralipomenon, Tobias, the books of
Solomon, commentaries on the Prophecy of Habacuc). In the bitter quarrel
between <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">St. Jerome</a> and
Rufinus concerning <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11306b.htm">Origenism</a>,
Chromatius, while rejecting the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07256b.htm">false doctrines</a> of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11306b.htm">Origen</a>, attempted to
make peace between the disputants. He always maintained <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03744a.htm">ecclesiastical</a> communion
with Rufinus and induced him not to answer the last attack of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">St. Jerome</a>, but to
devote himself to new literary works, especially to the translation of the
"Ecclesiastical History" of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05617b.htm">Eusebius</a>. Chromatius
opposed the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707c.htm">Arian
heresy</a> with much <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15753a.htm">zeal</a> and rooted it
out in his <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05001a.htm">diocese</a>.
He gave loyal support to <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452b.htm">St. John Chrysostom</a>, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of
Constantinople, when <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08010c.htm">unjustly</a> oppressed,
and wrote in his favour to Honorius, the Western emperor, who sent this letter
to his brother, Arcadius. This intercession, however, availed nothing.
Chromatius was also active as an <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05692b.htm">exegete</a>. There are
preserved seventeen treatises by him on the Gospel according to St. Matthew
(iii, 15-17; v-vi, 24), besides a fine <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07448a.htm">homily</a> on the Eight
Beatitudes (counted as an eighteenth treatise). His <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06021b.htm">feast</a> is celebrated
2 December.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Kirsch, Johann
Peter. "St. Chromatius." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.
3. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1908. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730a.htm>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Transcription. This
article was transcribed for New Advent by Christine J. Murray.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ecclesiastical
approbation. Nihil Obstat. November 1, 1908. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © 2021 by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/utility/contactus.htm">Kevin Knight</a>.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730a.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/" title="Permanent Link to New Catholic Dictionary – Saint Chromatius"><b>New
Catholic Dictionary – Saint Chromatius</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Confessor
(c.387-406) <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/aquileia">Aquileia</a>.
A scholarly theologian, he was in active correspondence with Rufinus, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-ambrose">Ambrose</a>,
and Saint Jerome, many of their works being written at his suggestion. He
successfully combated <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/arianism">Arianism</a> in
his own <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/diocese">diocese</a>.
There are preserved 17 treatises by Saint Chromatius on Saint Matthew’s
Gospel. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/feasts">Feast</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/2-december">2
December</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Chromatius”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>New Catholic Dictionary</ins></span>. CatholicSaints.Info. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/15-september">15
September</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/time-line-2012">2012</a>.
Web. 2 December 2023.
<http://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/">https://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-chromatius/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/sermons-on-the-gospel-of-matthew-prologue-by-saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/" title="Permanent Link to Sermons on the Gospel of Matthew – Prologue, by Saint Chromatius of Aquileia"><b>Sermons
on the Gospel of Matthew – Prologue, by Saint Chromatius of Aquileia</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1 The sacrament of our
salvation and faith, though in all the divine scriptures, is especially
contained in the evangelical preaching, in which the secret of the heavenly
sanctuary is revealed to us even as the mystery of the Lord’s passion and
resurrection is revealed to everyone. However, the transcribers the gospel (as
it is divided into four books) are: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, who once had
been prefigured and predestined to the duty of this divine work, as the blessed
Luke reported: Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compose a narrative of the
things that have been fulfilled among us. (Luke 1:1)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For Matthew is appointed
by the divine authority and grace of the holy spirit to be the first to write
down the gospel, then Mark and Luke, most recently of all John, after he came
back, upon the death of Domitian Caesar, from Patmos, the island where he had
been bound. After he had been posted on this island and written the Revelation,
he was disclosed the gospel he was to write on account of the different
heresies instigated by the devil that by then were beginning to spring up.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2 Matthew certainly and
John too belong to the number of the twelve apostles, who not only were with
the Lord before the passion but also kept company with him after the
resurrection for forty days. They carefully recounted everything they saw and
heard according to what John testified in his epistle, saying: as we have heard
and saw with our eyes and by our hand have been examined, these things we
declare to you. (1 John 1:1-3)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But Mark was Peter’s
disciple and interpreter. He did not see the Lord in the flesh but he wrote the
gospel, filled full of heavenly grace and the holy spirit. Luke also did not
see the Lord in the flesh, but, because he was very educated in the law (since
he was a companion of Paul in everything), he wrote down the gospel carefully in
his own name, expounding from the very beginning everything in the order of the
matters as he learned with respect to the apostles, as he himself testified,
saying: as those who have been there all along and those who had been ministers
of the message handed down to us. (Luke 1:2)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3 Therefore, the
authority of these four evangelists is firm and steadfast, because they all
composed by one principle. Of course, various principles are taught in their
sure foundation, but they do not disagree among themselves on anything, because
every one of them perceived the same thing by faith concerning the Lord’s
incarnation, nativity, passion, resurrection, and also his twin advent. And
because we endeavor to say some things about the gospels, the responsibility
and situation of the matter advise us to test also the truth of the gospels
prefigured from the law of the Old Testament, as surely the Apostle says: the
law was a shadow of things to come (Heb 10:1), because neither can the new
stand without the old nor could the old have any stability without the new. It
is said that everything about them is more complete in their place when the
message is to be from the two testaments.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4 Thus, both the type and
the number of the four gospels are clearly described in the law and the
prophets, as in the four rivers that flow from one source in Eden, or in the
four rows of stones that Aaron wore woven in the priestly garment on his chest,
or in the fourfold row of twelve calves that Solomon set up under the bronze
sea in the temple. In all of these, the expressedexamples of the future truth
cannot be doubted. Hence also Elijah the Tishbite—-not unknowing by the holy
Spirit of the evangelical sacrament of the preaching to come, when he freed the
people from error and turned them from idols to God—-poured four jugs of water
in the sacrifice he offered when he put the burnt offering on the wood and made
it three times in number. And fire came down from the sky, as he openly
declared even then the image of the coming hope, that is the sacrament of the
cross and the number of the gospels and the grace of baptism and the faith in
the Trinity, in which we are baptized and made a worthy sacrifice for God,
coming upon us with fire from the sky, that is, his holy Spirit presented to us
as a gift.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5 But even clearer and
plainer we find that through Ezekiel the prophet these gospels are depicted in
the four living things whose appearance and shape are both described. Their
likeness, he says, is the appearance of a human and the appearance of a lion
and the appearance of a calf and the appearance of a flying eagle. (Ezek 1:10)
Evident among these is certainly the form of the evangelists. Although they are
depicted in different appearances for each changing principle, their preaching
is nonetheless not different. In fact, the prophet, when he said that the
appearances are specific to each, related that each of their four appearances
is heavenly, that is, each living thing has the four appearances. The reason
for this is not obscure, because it is meant that they are one, both
individually and collectively. While he certainly distinguishes and separates
them in connection with their appearances or number, the unity of preaching
still makes them inseparable and whole, because you will find everything in
each and the whole in all. But we must understand and get to know just this
difference among the appearances. The appearance, he says, of a human, and the
appearance of a lion and the appearance of a calf and the appearance of a
flying eagle. The appearance of a human is understood as the gospel according
to Matthew, a human since he began from the bodily birth of the Lord to make
the introduction, saying: The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, son of
David, son of Abraham, (Matt 1:1) etc. He announces his birth by this human
origin. Because of that, it is thus described as the appearance of a human.
Now, the appearance of a lion is understood to be the gospel according to John,
because, when the other evangelists had said that Christ our God is made human
according to the assumption of flesh and born of the virgin, he revealed his
timeless and divine birth in just the beginning of his message, saying: In the
beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and God as the Word, (John
1:1) etc. With this voice, the preacher of such divinity roared like a lion to
frighten off the heresies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6 The Apocalypse also
mentioned these living things, but we must carefully examine why, when the
prophet had said that the first appearance was of a human, then of a lion, did
the Apocalypse put the appearance of the lion earlier in reversed order, saying
The appearance of a lion and the appearance of a human (Rev 4:7), because we
must point out it is so, not accidentally but for a particular reason. For
Matthew has thus been described first in order in with the prophet in the
appearance of a human, because he was to write down the first gospel. But John
is brought earlier for this reason in the Apocalypse, because he surpassed
everyone in preaching the timeless and coeternal Son of the Father by the
excellent beginning of his preaching. Thus, he is placed later as to time or
order, but he is regarded first as to faith since he would know the secret,
divine mysteries from reclining on the Lord’s bosom. But the fact that John is
preferred in connection with faith does not detract from the other evangelists
since they all were directed by one and the same Spirit to the complete
instruction of the Church and wrote about the Lord necessarily and completely.
For, because many different heresies were to come, the holy spirit so impacted
the writing of each as to expound the complete and perfect sacrament of the
heavenly faith through all of them, by which it confuted all enemies of the
truth together. Finally, the Holy Spirit at once opposes those wretched people
who deny that the Son of God was born of a virgin for our salvation, judging
this as unworthy for God, through Matthew and Luke. Through them, it clearly
discloses both the birth of the Lord according to the flesh and the conception
and labor of the virgin. However, those who dared blaspheme the true divinity
of the Son of God and the unlimited nature of his eternity, denying in
particular that he was born of the Father and is true God and had always been
with the Father, St. John and Mark nonetheless oppose at once, condemning the
infidelity of their blasphemy, testifying in the beginning of his gospel that
the only-begotten Son of God is God.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7 But as we are all
carefully following this along, I seem to have gone on longer than I intended
to. Let us now go back to the order. Thus, St. John is described in the
appearance of the lion, as best comprehended.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The gospel according to
Luke, however, is recognized in the appearance of the calf, because he wrote
according to the law as he began from the priesthood of Zacharias saying: In
the days of Herod the king of Judea, there was a certain by the name of Zacharias
from the order of Abijah and his wife of the sons of Aaron, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For that reason, however,
he has been represented by the person of the calf, because the law he wrote
according to had decreed for a type of a future truth that, among other
sacrifices, a calf be offered for the sins of the people. Hence, not
undeservedly, only this evangelist made mention of this fattened calf, which
was killed for the salvation and return of the lost son in the joy of the
exulting father, because St. Luke so made mention as he declared that our Lord
and Savior has suffered for the sins of the human race according to the
preceding form of the law.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To be sure, the
appearance of the flying eagle is understood as the gospel according to Mark,
who began with a prophetic testimony saying: The beginning of the gospel of
Jesus Christ Son of God, as is written in Isaiah: Behold I send my angel before
my appearance. A voice crying in the wilderness: Prepare the ways of the Lord,
make our God’s paths straight. (Mark 1:1-3)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And because the eagle is
often described as the form of the holy spirit, who has been spoken in the
prophets, he is thus depicted in the appearance of an eagle. For also only he
reported that our Lord and Savior flew away to heaven, that is, wetn back to
the Father, as David had said: He ascended above the Cherubim and flew; he flew
above the feathers of the wind. (Ps 17:11 [18:10])<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8 Finally, as we know
that the reason for such a sacrament is arranged in each of the evangelists by
the Holy Spirit, the same appearances also combine in the person of our Lord
and God. For, he is understood to be a human because of the flesh that he took
on from the virgin, and the calf because of what he himself offered as a
sacrifice worthy of God for our sins, and a lion for the power of the virtue
that defeated death in triumph, allowing in himself none of the brunt of
outside fears, and an eagle because, when the mystery of the passion was
completed as an eagle flew to heaven, the booty of human flesh it snatched from
our jaws has been taken with him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">9 For the same reason in
the prophet Zechariah we also read the foretold number of the evangelists,
reported by the prophet like this: I saw, he said, four chariots going out of
two mountains ,and these mountains, he said, were mountains of bronze. In the
first chariot were red horses, and in the second chariot were black horsed, and
in the third chariot were white horses, and in the fourth chariot were
different and dappled horses. And I said to the angel who was speaking to me:
What are these, lord? Responding he said to me: Do you not know what these are?
And I said: No, lord. And he told me: These are the four winds of the sky that
stand with God before the whole earth. (Zech 6:1-5) And so this is the number
of the chariots.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In fact the following
rationale, promulgated by prophetic reason, teaches us to perceive a type of
the gospel truth: we notice that the gospels have also been clearly designated
in these chariots. He declared that the four horses are described in four
parts, as we best recall, because each of the gospels must be understood in the
four and the four in each. Although the preaching of the evangelists would
rightly seem to be in four portions, they still are undividedly of one mind for
the unity of the faith. In fact, we know that the gospels were clearly
prefigured in these chariots, because the prophet asked the angel speaking to
him about what these were and he was told this: These are the four winds of the
sky that stand with God before all the earth, which he reported by God’s
command to have circled all the earth. And if we have not considered the saying
about these winds (which blow through the lands and generate waves or brew up
storms), it is simple enough to understand that, when they have been described
in the prophets desiring only the divine and eternal heavenly things, the Lord
deservedly adds more: These are the ones that circle the earth; they soften my
fury (Zech 6:8). As we perceptively have recognized, the divine wrath, which
was over people’s sins, cannot otherwise be appeased except through the
gospel’s preaching, which runs throughout the globe and gives both the
remission of sins and salvation to the human race.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">10 Yet the arrangement of
the world rests upon the rationale for this evangelical number: for we
recognize the four seasons that the year progresses through and the four
corners of the earth that the four guardian angels are assigned to, referring
to the Apocalypse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">11 And although there are
said to be four gospels because of the number of the evangelists, even though
there is only gospel among them all, as the Lord said: And this gospel will be
preached through the whole globe (Matt 24:14). He did not say gospels but
gospel. The apostle described this too when he says: If anyone has preached to you
a gospel other than what you have received, let them be accursed. (Gal 1:9)
Hence, it is plain that there are certain four books of the gospels, but one
gospel is counted in these four books. And for that reason one must not be
prejudiced should we sometimes say “gospels” because of the number of
evangelists or when we name the gospels in this way as the most important books
or when we designate the number of the evangelists according to the usual
custom of the majority. Indeed we both confess and believe that there is one
true gospel according to the authority of the Lord or even the apostle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">12 Although we have
wanted to establish the number of evangelists from a painstaking study of the
various testimonies of the prophets, I have extended the sermon longer than I
have intended to. But we strive to investigate the order of the gospel
according to Matthew, even with little insight and a mediocre sermon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">– translated by Stephen C
Carlson, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/sermons-on-the-gospel-of-matthew-prologue-by-saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/time-line-2005">2005</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/sermons-on-the-gospel-of-matthew-prologue-by-saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/">https://catholicsaints.info/sermons-on-the-gospel-of-matthew-prologue-by-saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001007.htm" target="_blank">Letter to
Chromatius</a>, by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-chromatius-of-aquileia/saint-jerome">Jerome</a><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Letter 7<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>To Chromatius, Jovinus,
and Eusebius.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This letter (written like
the preceding in 374 A.D.) is addressed by Jerome to three of his former
companions in the religious life. It commends Bonosus (§3), asks guidance for
the writer's sister (§4), and attacks the conduct of Lupicinus, Bishop of
Stridon (§5).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. Those whom mutual
affection has joined together, a written page ought not to sunder. I must not,
therefore, distribute my words some to one and some to another. For so strong
is the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm">love</a> that
binds you together that affection unites all three of you in a bond no less
close than that which naturally connects two of your number. Indeed, if the
conditions of writing would only admit of it, I should amalgamate your names
and express them under a single <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14373b.htm">symbol</a>. The very letter
which I have received from you challenges me in each of you to see all three,
and in all three to recognize each. When the reverend Evagrius transmitted it
to me in the corner of the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04749a.htm">desert</a> which
stretches between the Syrians and the Saracens, my <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07131b.htm">joy</a> was intense. It
wholly surpassed the rejoicings felt at <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a> when the
defeat of Cannæ was retrieved, and Marcellus at Nola cut to pieces the forces
of Hannibal. Evagrius frequently comes to see me, and cherishes me in Christ as
his own bowels. Yet as he is separated from me by a long distance, his
departure has gener ally left me as much regret as his arrival has brought
me <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07131b.htm">joy</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. I converse with your
letter, I embrace it, it talks to me; it alone of those here speaks Latin. For
hereabout you must either learn a barbarous jargon or else hold your tongue. As
often as the lines — traced in a well-known hand — bring back to me the faces
which I hold so dear, either I am no longer here, or else you are here with me.
If you will credit the sincerity of affection, I seem to see you all as I write
this.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Now at the outset I
should like to ask you one petulant question. Why is it that, when we are
separated by so great an interval of land and sea, you have sent me so short a
letter? Is it that I have deserved no better treatment, not having first
written to you? I cannot <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02408b.htm">believe</a> that paper
can have failed you while <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05329b.htm">Egypt</a> continues to
supply its wares. Even if a Ptolemy had closed the seas, King Attalus would
still have sent you parchments from Pergamum, and so by his skins you could
have made up for the want of paper. The very name parchment is derived from a
historical incident of the kind which occurred generations ago. What then? Am I
to suppose the messenger to have been in haste? No matter how long a letter may
be, it can be written in the course of a night. Or had you some business to
attend to which prevented you from writing? No claim is prior to that of
affection. Two suppositions remain, either that you felt disinclined to write
or else that I did not deserve a letter. Of the two I prefer to charge you with
sloth than to condemn myself as undeserving. For it is easier to mend neglect
than to quicken <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm">love</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. You tell me that
Bonosus, like a <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15073a.htm">true</a> son
of the Fish, has taken to the water. As for me who am still foul with my old
stains, like the basilisk and the scorpion I haunt the dry places. <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/deu008.htm#verse15">Deuteronomy 8:15</a> Bonosus
has his heel already on the serpent's head, while I am still as food to the
same serpent which by divine appointment devours the earth. <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/gen003.htm#verse14">Genesis 3:14</a> He
can scale already that ladder of which the psalms of degrees are a type; while
I, still weeping on its first step, hardly <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08673a.htm">know</a> whether I
shall ever be able to say: I will lift up my eyes unto the hills, from
whence comes my help. Amid the threatening billows of the world he is
sitting in the safe shelter of his island, that is, of the church's pale, and
it may be that even now, like John, he is being called to eat God's book; <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/rev010.htm#verse9">Revelation 10:9-10</a> while
I, still lying in the sepulchre of my <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14004b.htm">sins</a> and bound with
the chains of my iniquities, wait for the Lord's command in the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06655b.htm">Gospel</a>: Jerome,
come forth. <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/joh011.htm#verse43">John 11:43</a> But
Bonosus has done more than this. Like the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12477a.htm">prophet</a> <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/jer013.htm#verse4">Jeremiah 13:4-5</a> he
has carried his girdle across the Euphrates (for all the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04764a.htm">devil's</a> strength is
in the loins ), and has hidden it there in a hole of the rock. Then, afterwards
finding it rent, he has sung: O Lord, you have possessed my reins. You
have broken my bonds in sunder. I will offer to you the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13309a.htm">sacrifice</a> of
thanksgiving. But as for me, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10666c.htm">Nebuchadnezzar</a> has
brought me in chains to <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02179b.htm">Babylon</a>, to the babel
that is of a distracted mind. There he has laid upon me the yoke of captivity;
there inserting in my nostrils a ring of iron, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/2ki019.htm#verse28">2 Kings 19:28</a> he
has commanded me to sing one of the songs of Zion. To whom I have
said, The Lord looses the prisoners; the Lord opens the eyes of the
blind. To complete my contrast in a single sentence, while I <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12345b.htm">pray</a> for mercy
Bonosus looks for a crown.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. My sister's conversion
is the fruit of the efforts of the saintly Julian. He has planted, it is for
you to water, and the Lord will give the increase. <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/1co003.htm#verse6">1 Corinthians 3:6</a> <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374c.htm">Jesus Christ</a> has
given her to me to console me for the wound which the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04764a.htm">devil</a> has inflicted
on her. He has restored her from death to life. But in the words of the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11388a.htm">pagan</a> poet, for her<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There is no safety that I
do not <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06021a.htm">fear</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08673a.htm">know</a> yourselves how
slippery is the path of youth — a path on which I have myself fallen, and which
you are now traversing not without <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06021a.htm">fear</a>. She, as she enters
upon it, must have the advice and the encouragement of all, she must be aided
by frequent letters from you, my reverend brothers. And — for charity
endures all things, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/1co013.htm#verse7">1 Corinthians 13:7</a> —
I beg you to get from Pope Valerian a letter to confirm her resolution. A
girl's <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06147a.htm">courage</a>,
as you <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08673a.htm">know</a>, is
strengthened when she realizes that <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11726a.htm">persons</a> in high
place are interested in her.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. The fact is that my
native land is a prey to barbarism, that in it men's only God is their belly,
that they live only for the present, and that the richer a man is the holier he
is held to be. Moreover, to use a well-worn proverb, the dish has a cover
worthy of it; for Lupicinus is their <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12406a.htm">priest</a>. Like lips like
lettuce, as the saying goes — the only one, as Lucilius tells us, at which
Crassus ever laughed — the reference being to a donkey eating thistles. What I
mean is that an unstable pilot steers a leaking ship, and that the blind is
leading the blind straight to the pit. The ruler is like the ruled.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. I salute your mother
and mine with the respect which, as you <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08673a.htm">know</a>, I feel towards
her. Associated with you as she is in a <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07386a.htm">holy</a> life, she has
the start of you, her <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07386a.htm">holy</a> children,
in that she is your mother. Her womb may thus be <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15073a.htm">truly</a> called
golden. With her I salute your sisters, who ought all to be welcomed wherever
they go, for they have triumphed over their sex and the world, and await the
Bridegroom's coming, <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/mat025.htm#verse4">Matthew 25:4</a> their
lamps replenished with oil. O <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07131b.htm">happy</a> the house
which is a home of a widowed Anna, of <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15458a.htm">virgins</a> that are
prophetesses, and of twin Samuels bred in the Temple! Fortunate the roof which
shelters the martyr-mother of the Maccabees, with her sons around her, each and
all wearing the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09736b.htm">martyr's</a> crown! <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/2ma007.htm">2 Maccabbees vii</a> For
although you confess Christ every day by keeping His commandments, yet to this
private <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06585a.htm">glory</a> you
have added the public one of an open confession; for it was through you that
the poison of the <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707c.htm">Arian</a> <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07256b.htm">heresy</a> was formerly
banished from your city.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You are surprised perhaps
at my thus making a fresh beginning quite at the close of my letter. But what
am I to do? I cannot refuse expression to my feelings. The brief limits of a
letter compel me to be silent; my affection for you urges me to speak. I write
in haste, my language is confused and ill-arranged; but <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm">love</a> <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08673a.htm">knows</a> nothing of
order.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">About this page<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Source. Translated
by W.H. Fremantle, G. Lewis and W.G. Martley. From Nicene and
Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 6. Edited by Philip Schaff
and Henry Wace. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing
Co., 1893.) Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin
Knight. <http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001007.htm>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Contact information. The
editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org.
(To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I
can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback —
especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © 2023 by <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/utility/contactus.htm">New Advent LLC</a>.
Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001007.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001007.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Duomo_Udine_-_San_Cromazio_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Duomo_Udine_-_San_Cromazio_2.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duomo_di_Udine" title="Duomo di Udine">Duomo
di Udine</a>, busto contenente le reliquie di San Cromazio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Buste
reliquaire de saint Chromace, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Udine" title="Cathédrale d'Udine">cathédrale d'Udine</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Cromazio
d'Aquileia </b>Vescovo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/12/02">2 dicembre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aquileia, Udine, 335/340
- 407/408<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cromazio fu vescovo di
Aquileia dal 387/388 al 407/408, succedendo a Valeriano. È autore di un
Commento al Vangelo di Matteo, rimasto probabilmente incompiuto e di numerosi
Sermoni che sono un’importantissima testimonianza della fede e della vitalità
dell’antica Chiesa aquileiese. Come esponente dell’ortodossia fu tra i
promotori della sconfitta ariana: partecipò come presbitero al Concilio del
381. Fu animatore di un fervente cenacolo presbiterale al quale attinsero
numerosi uoimini di fede e di cultura, tra cui S. Girolamo e Rufino. È il più
documentato e valido esempio di vita cristiana e di impegno pastorale che ci
giunge dall’antica Aquileia. Del suo zelo pastorale, della sua ardente carità e
fermezza abbiamo testimonianza da S. Girolamo e S. Giovanni Crisostomo.
Condivise fino alla morte le travagliate vicende del suo popolo a cause delle
invasioni barbariche. Il suo culto ha ricevuto in questi decenni notevole
impulso in seguito alla riscoperta e ampia trattazione dei suoi scritti,
rimasti per secoli quasi del tutto sconosciuti.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Emblema: Bastone
pastorale<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: Ad Aquileia in Friuli, san Cromazio, vescovo, che, da vero
costruttore di pace, pose rimedio alla condizione dei chiostri d’Italia
distrutti da Alarico e alle sofferenze del popolo e, da sapiente interprete dei
misteri del Verbo divino, elevò le menti alle più alte realtà.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Non l’ha canonizzato
nessuno, che si sappia. Però il Martirologio romano lo ricorda come santo e
«vero artefice di pace, pronto a elevare le menti verso le cose più amate»,
anche in mezzo alle rovine e ai lutti che colpivano il territorio friulano e la
città. Aquileia, già colonia romana nel II secolo a.C. e sede di guarnigioni
militari, è stata poi fortificata tra il 161 e il 180 dall’imperatore Marco
Aurelio, che ne ha fatto un bastione contro le invasioni dall’Est. Secondo una
tradizione, il cristianesimo vi sarebbe stato diffuso da san Marco evangelista.
La cronologia dei vescovi è lacunosa nei primi tempi, e sicura dal 285 in
avanti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Cromazio nasce in una famiglia benestante. Sappiamo infatti che in casa sua
(dove ci sono il fratello Eusebio e tre sorelle) s’incontrano sacerdoti e laici
animati da lui: una sorta di gruppo ascetico culturale che verso il 370
accoglie anche un funzionario imperiale dimissionario: un dàlmata Girolamo.
Questi arriva da Treviri, in Germania (sede stagionale degli imperatori), dove
ha rinunciato alla sua carica. E in casa di Cromazio, tra letture, preghiere e
discussioni, si prepara al cammino che lo condurrà in Oriente, e all’opera
gigantesca di tradurre le Scritture in latino.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il vescovo Valeriano di Aquileia ha ordinato sacerdote Cromazio, e si serve di
lui per la difesa della dottrina cattolica contro l’arianesimo, che in Alta
Italia ha ancora sostenitori, anche tra i vescovi. Proprio per giungere a un
chiarimento generale in materia di dottrina, nel 381 si riunisce ad Aquileia un
Concilio regionale; e Cromazio è uno dei più autorevoli ispiratori delle sue
conclusioni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Morto poi Valeriano, è lui a succedergli come vescovo di Aquileia, e riceve la
consacrazione episcopale da sant’Ambrogio di Milano. Dall’Oriente, Girolamo lo
definirà il vescovo «più santo e più dotto» del suo tempo. E sicuramente egli è
pure uno dei più generosi verso il traduttore della Bibbia: gli manda lettere
di incoraggiamento e anche aiuti in denaro; e Girolamo ricambia dedicandogli
alcune delle sue versioni bibliche.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma nell’Impero, governato da due imperatori “colleghi” e spesso rivali a morte,
per due volte in pochi anni la guerra arriva addosso al Friuli. Due battaglie e
due vittorie di Teodosio (luglio 387 e settembre 394), con l’immediata
uccisione dei rivali sconfitti e le solite devastazioni e rapine della truppa.
Così Teodosio rimane imperatore unico, ma alla sua morte riecco un imperatore
in Italia (Ravenna) e uno a Costantinopoli: Onorio e Arcadio, figli di
Teodosio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 404, un avvenimento lontano sottolinea il prestigio di Aquileia e del suo
vescovo. Il patriarca di Costantinopoli, Giovanni Crisostomo, è stato
condannato un’altra volta all’esilio, e chiede aiuto a tre persone: papa
Innocenzo I, Ambrogio di Milano e Cromazio di Aquileia. Il quale interviene
presso Onorio, ma invano. Il patriarca morirà in esilio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le delusioni non fermano la sua operosità di promotore di cultura cristiana.
Tra un’invasione e l’altra (anche i Visigoti, ora) aiuta e incoraggia studiosi;
e uno se lo prende in casa, Rufino di Aquileia, per fargli continuare la Storia
ecclesiastica di Eusebio di Cesarea. E quando Rufino e Girolamo polemizzano tra
loro, fa di tutto per riconciliarli e riportarli allo scrittoio. Anche lui,
Cromazio, studia e scrive: conosciamo una raccolta di suoi sermoni e un
commento parziale al Vangelo di Matteo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Domenico Agasso<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90492">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90492</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BENEDETTO XVI<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>UDIENZA GENERALE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Aula Paolo VI</b></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mercoledì, 5 dicembre 2007</span></div><o:p></o:p></b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Cromazio di Aquileia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cari fratelli e sorelle,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">nelle ultime due
catechesi abbiamo fatto un’escursione attraverso le Chiese d’Oriente di lingua
semitica, meditando su <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071121.html">Afraate
persiano</a> e su <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071128.html">sant’Efrem
siro</a>; oggi ritorniamo nel mondo latino, al Nord dell’Impero romano, con san
Cromazio di Aquileia. Questo Vescovo svolse il suo ministero nell’antica Chiesa
di Aquileia, fervente centro di vita cristiana situato nella Decima
regione dell’Impero romano, la Venetia et Histria. Nel 388,
quando Cromazio salì sulla cattedra episcopale della città, la comunità
cristiana locale aveva già maturato una storia gloriosa di fedeltà al Vangelo.
Tra la metà del terzo e i primi anni del quarto secolo le persecuzioni di
Decio, di Valeriano e di Diocleziano avevano mietuto un gran numero di martiri.
Inoltre, la Chiesa di Aquileia si era misurata, come tante altre Chiese del
tempo, con la minaccia dell’eresia ariana. Lo stesso Atanasio – l’alfiere
dell’ortodossia nicena, che gli ariani avevano cacciato in esilio –, per
qualche tempo trovò rifugio ad Aquileia. Sotto la guida dei suoi Vescovi, la
comunità cristiana resistette alle insidie dell’eresia e rinsaldò la propria
adesione alla fede cattolica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel settembre del 381
Aquileia fu sede di un Sinodo, che vide convenire circa 35 Vescovi dalle coste
dell’Africa, dalla valle del Rodano e da tutta la Decima regione. Il
Sinodo si proponeva di debellare gli ultimi residui dell’arianesimo in
Occidente. Al Concilio prese parte anche il presbitero Cromazio, in qualità di
esperto del Vescovo di Aquileia, Valeriano (370-388 ca.). Gli anni intorno al
Sinodo del 381 rappresentano «l’età d’oro» della comunità aquileiese. San
Girolamo, che era nativo della Dalmazia, e Rufino di Concordia parlano con
nostalgia del loro soggiorno ad Aquileia (370-373), in quella specie di
cenacolo teologico, che Girolamo non esita a definire quasi chorus
beatorum, «come un coro di beati» (Chronache 11). In questo cenacolo
– che ricorda per alcuni aspetti le esperienze comunitarie condotte da Eusebio
di Vercelli e da Agostino – si formarono le più notevoli personalità delle
Chiese dell’Alto Adriatico.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ma già nella sua famiglia
Cromazio aveva imparato a conoscere e ad amare Cristo. Ce ne parla, con termini
pieni di ammirazione, lo stesso Girolamo, che paragona la madre di Cromazio
alla profetessa Anna, le sue due sorelle alle vergini prudenti della parabola
evangelica, Cromazio stesso e il suo fratello Eusebio al giovane Samuele
(cfr Ep. VII,4). Di Cromazio e di Eusebio Girolamo scrive ancora: «Il
beato Cromazio e il santo Eusebio erano fratelli per il vincolo del sangue, non
meno che per l’identità degli ideali» (Ep. VIII).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cromazio era nato ad
Aquileia verso il 345. Venne ordinato diacono e poi presbitero; infine fu
eletto Pastore di quella Chiesa (a. 388). Ricevuta la consacrazione episcopale
dal Vescovo Ambrogio, si dedicò con coraggio ed energia a un compito immane per
la vastità del territorio affidato alle sue cure pastorali: la giurisdizione
ecclesiastica di Aquileia, infatti, si estendeva dai territori attuali della
Svizzera, della Baviera, dell’Austria e della Slovenia fino all’Ungheria.
Quanto Cromazio fosse conosciuto e stimato nella Chiesa del suo tempo, lo si
può arguire da un episodio della vita di san Giovanni Crisostomo. Quando il
Vescovo di Costantinopoli fu esiliato dalla sua sede, scrisse tre lettere a
quelli che egli riteneva i più importanti Vescovi d’Occidente, per ottenerne
l’appoggio presso gli imperatori: una lettera la scrisse al Vescovo di Roma, la
seconda al Vescovo di Milano, la terza al Vescovo di Aquileia, Cromazio appunto
(Ep. CLV). Quest’ultimo, però, si trovava pure lui in grande difficoltà a
motivo della precaria situazione politica: molto probabilmente nello stesso
anno 407, in cui Crisostomo soccombette ai travagli della sua deportazione,
anche Cromazio morì in esilio, a Grado, mentre cercava di scampare alle
scorrerie dei barbari.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Quanto a prestigio e
importanza, Aquileia era la quarta città della penisola italiana, e la nona
dell’Impero romano: anche per questo motivo essa attirava le mire dei Goti e
degli Unni. Oltre a causare gravi lutti e distruzioni, le invasioni di questi
popoli compromisero gravemente la trasmissione delle opere dei Padri conservate
nella biblioteca episcopale, ricca di codici. Andarono dispersi anche gli
scritti di san Cromazio, che finirono qua e là, e furono spesso attribuiti ad
altri autori: a Giovanni Crisostomo (anche per l’equivalente inizio dei due
nomi, Chromatius – Chrysostomus); oppure ad Ambrogio e ad Agostino,
come anche a Girolamo, che Cromazio aveva aiutato molto nella revisione del
testo e nella traduzione latina della Bibbia. La riscoperta di gran parte
dell’opera di Cromazio è dovuta a felici e fortunose vicende, che hanno
consentito solo in anni recenti di ricostruire un corpus di scritti
abbastanza consistente: più di una quarantina di sermoni, dei quali una decina
frammentari, e oltre sessanta trattati di commento al Vangelo di Matteo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cromazio fu sapiente
maestro e zelante Pastore. Il suo primo e principale impegno fu quello di porsi
in ascolto della Parola, per essere capace di farsene poi annunciatore: nel suo
insegnamento egli parte sempre dalla Parola di Dio e ad essa sempre ritorna.
Alcune tematiche gli sono particolarmente care: anzitutto il mistero
trinitario, che egli contempla nella sua rivelazione lungo tutta la storia
della salvezza. Poi il tema dello Spirito Santo: Cromazio richiama
costantemente i fedeli alla presenza e all’azione della terza Persona della
Santissima Trinità nella vita della Chiesa. Ma con particolare insistenza il
santo Vescovo ritorna sul mistero di Cristo. Il Verbo incarnato è vero Dio e
vero uomo: ha assunto integralmente l’umanità, per farle dono della propria
divinità. Queste verità, ribadite con insistenza anche in funzione antiariana,
approderanno una cinquantina di anni più tardi alla definizione del Concilio di
Calcedonia. La forte sottolineatura della natura umana di Cristo conduce
Cromazio a parlare della Vergine Maria. La sua dottrina mariologica è tersa e
precisa. A lui dobbiamo alcune suggestive descrizioni della Vergine Santissima:
Maria è la «vergine evangelica capace di accogliere Dio»; è la «pecorella
immacolata e inviolata», che ha generato l’«agnello ammantato di porpora»
(cfr Sermone XXIII,3). Il Vescovo di Aquileia mette spesso la Vergine
in relazione con la Chiesa: entrambe, infatti, sono «vergini» e «madri».
L’ecclesiologia di Cromazio è sviluppata soprattutto nel commento a
Matteo. Ecco alcuni concetti ricorrenti: la Chiesa è unica, è nata dal sangue
di Cristo; è veste preziosa intessuta dallo Spirito Santo; la Chiesa è là dove
si annuncia che Cristo è nato dalla Vergine, dove fiorisce la fraternità e la
concordia. Un’immagine a cui Cromazio è particolarmente affezionato è quella della
nave sul mare in tempesta – e i suoi erano tempi di tempesta, come abbiamo
sentito –: «Non c’è dubbio», afferma il santo Vescovo, «che questa nave
rappresenta la Chiesa» (cfr Trattato XLII,5).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Da zelante Pastore qual
è, Cromazio sa parlare alla sua gente con linguaggio fresco, colorito e
incisivo. Pur non ignorando il perfetto cursus latino, preferisce
ricorrere al linguaggio popolare, ricco di immagini facilmente comprensibili.
Così, ad esempio, prendendo spunto dal mare, egli mette a confronto, da una parte,
la pesca naturale di pesci che, tirati a riva, muoiono e, dall’altra, la
predicazione evangelica, grazie alla quale gli uomini vengono tratti in salvo
dalle acque limacciose della morte, e introdotti alla vita vera (cfr Trattato XVI,3).
Sempre nell’ottica del buon Pastore, in un periodo burrascoso come il suo,
funestato dalle scorrerie dei barbari, egli sa mettersi a fianco dei fedeli per
confortarli e per aprirne l’animo alla fiducia in Dio, che non abbandona mai i
suoi figli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Raccogliamo infine, a conclusione
di queste riflessioni, un’esortazione di Cromazio, ancor oggi perfettamente
valida: «Preghiamo il Signore con tutto il cuore e con tutta la fede –
raccomanda il Vescovo di Aquileia in un suo sermone –, preghiamolo di liberarci
da ogni incursione dei nemici, da ogni timore degli avversari. Non guardi i
nostri meriti, ma la sua misericordia, Lui che anche in passato si degnò di
liberare i figli di Israele non per i loro meriti, ma per la sua misericordia.
Ci protegga con il solito amore misericordioso e operi per noi ciò che il santo
Mosè disse ai figli di Israele: “Il Signore combatterà in vostra difesa, e voi
starete in silenzio” (cfr Es 14,14). È Lui che combatte, è Lui che
riporta la vittoria … E affinché si degni di farlo, dobbiamo pregare il più
possibile. Egli stesso infatti dice per bocca del profeta: “Invocami nel giorno
della tribolazione; io ti libererò, e tu mi darai gloria” (cfr Sal 50,15)»
(Sermone XVI,4).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Così, proprio all’inizio
del <a href="http://www.vatican.va/liturgical_year/advent/2007/avvento_2007_it.html">tempo
di Avvento</a>, san Cromazio ci ricorda che l’Avvento è tempo di preghiera, in
cui occorre entrare in contatto con Dio. Dio ci conosce, conosce me, conosce
ognuno di noi, mi vuol bene, non mi abbandona. Andiamo avanti con questa
fiducia nel tempo liturgico appena iniziato.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saluti</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Je vous souhaite la
bienvenue, chers pèlerins de langue français. Je salue en particulier les
diacres permanents du diocèse de Troyes et leurs épouses. A la suite de saint
Chromace, je vous invite à prier le Seigneur de tout votre cœur, lui demandant
de vous libérer de tout mal et de vous rendre dignes de participer un jour à sa
gloire. Avec ma Bénédiction apostolique.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I am pleased to welcome
the Marist and Marianist Brothers visiting Rome for a programme of spiritual
renewal. I also greet the African-American Methodist Choir, with gratitude for
their praise of God in song. Upon all the English-speaking pilgrims and
visitors, especially those from Sweden and the United States, I invoke God’s
blessings of joy and peace.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ein herzliches "Grüß
Gott" sage ich allen deutschsprachigen Pilgern und Besuchern. Besonders
heiße ich heute die Wallfahrer aus der Schönstattbewegung willkommen. Lassen
wir uns vom heiligen Bischof Chromatius anleiten: Beten wir zum Herrn, wie er
in der wirren Zeit gebetet hat, daß er uns die Furcht nehme und daß er uns
Vertrauen schenkt, daß er uns die Gewißheit schenkt, daß Gott mit seinem
Erbarmen einem jeden von uns nahe ist, daß er uns zum Guten führt und das Gute
zum Sieg führt. Euch allen wünsche eine gesegnete Adventszeit!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saludo cordialmente a los
peregrinos de lengua española. En particular, al coro “Schola Gregoriana” de
Madrid y a los grupos venidos de Sevilla, Murcia y de otros lugares de España y
de Latinoamérica. A ejemplo de san Cromacio, invoquemos al Señor en medio de
nuestras tribulaciones. Muchas gracias.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saluto in lingua polacca:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pozdrawiam serdecznie
pielgrzymów polskich. Witam Ojców Marianów i wiernych, którzy dziękują Bogu za
beatyfikację błogosławionego Stanisława Papczyńskiego. Niech zbawczy czas
oczekiwania na Boże Narodzenie będzie dla nas okazją do refleksji nad życiem,
do ewangelicznej czujności i duchowej przemiany. Polecam was Bogu w modlitwie i
na dni Adwentu z serca błogosławię.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Traduzione italiana:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saluto cordialmente i
pellegrini polacchi. Dò il mio benvenuto ai Padri Mariani ed ai fedeli che
rendono grazie a Dio per la beatificazione del beato Stanisław Papczyński. Il
salvifico tempo di attesa del Natale, sia per noi un’occasione per riflettere
sulla propria vita, per la vigilanza evangelica e per la metanoia spirituale.
Vi raccomando al Signore nella mia preghiera e di cuore vi benedico per
l’intera durata dell’Avvento.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">* * *<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rivolgo un cordiale
saluto ai pellegrini di lingua italiana. In particolare, saluto i fedeli della
parrocchia San Cromazio d’Aquileia in Udine e quelli di Gorizia, guidati
dall’Arcivescovo Mons. Dino De Antoni, qui convenuti in occasione
dell’apertura dell’Anno cromaziano. Saluto i membri del gruppo Follereau-de
Foucauld, accompagnati dall’Arcivescovo di Pompei Mons. Carlo Liberati, e i
rappresentanti dell’Istituto bancario Artigiancassa, di Roma. Saluto, inoltre,
le Ancelle dell’Amore Misericordioso, che stanno celebrando in questi giorni il
loro capitolo, e le incoraggio ad andare incontro a Cristo con la coerenza
della fede per testimoniare con rinnovato ardore apostolico la divina
misericordia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saluto, infine, i giovani,
i malati e gli sposi novelli. Ci stiamo preparando a celebrare
tra qualche giorno la solennità della Vergine Immacolata. Sia Lei a guidarvi,
cari giovani, nel vostro cammino di adesione a Cristo. Per voi, cari malati,
sia sostegno nella sofferenza e susciti in voi rinnovata speranza, e guidi voi,
cari sposi novelli, a scoprire sempre più l’amore di Cristo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2007 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CROMAZIO (SAN) (?
- <a href="https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/?s=&algowebsemantic=%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22annoMorte%22%2C%22value%22%3A%22407%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22%3D%22%7D%5D">407</a>)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><a href="https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/?s=&algowebsemantic=%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22lavoro%22%2C%22value%22%3A%22vescovo%20di%20Aquileia%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22%3D%22%7D%5D">VESCOVO
DI AQUILEIA</a>, <a href="https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/?s=&algowebsemantic=%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22lavoro%22%2C%22value%22%3A%22santo%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22%3D%22%7D%5D">SANTO</a></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il nome di Aquileia ricorre
in tutte le opere fondamentali della patristica: <a href="http://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/rufino-di-concordia/">Rufino</a> di
Aquileia infatti vi è sempre ricordato. Non altrettanto si può dire per C. –
certamente uno dei più illustri vescovi della Chiesa latina – anche dopo la
pubblicazione delle sue opere, frutto delle sostanziose scoperte di J. Lemarié
e di R. Étaix che hanno messo in luce l’interiore grandezza e lo zelo pastorale
del santo vescovo nell’impegno della catechesi. Del resto la prima
pubblicazione organica dei Sermones di C. di Aquileia nei due volumi
delle Sources Chrétiennes, stampati a Parigi rispettivamente negli anni
1969 e 1971 a cura del Lemarié, è senza dubbio una tappa importante per la
conoscenza e per gli studi cromaziani; ormai non si potrà più omettere il nome
di C. nelle patrologie, come auspicava il Lemarié a conclusione di un primo
saggio sui frutti delle sue ricerche con queste parole: «Poche città
dell’impero romano di quell’epoca hanno avuto l’onore di dare alla Chiesa due
Padri di tale importanza [Rufino e C.]. E non è questa per Aquileia la gloria
più limpida?». Come non rammaricarci però che Rufino, vissuto accanto a C. fra
il 399 e il 407 ca., intimo del vescovo di Aquileia durante gli ultimi anni
della sua vita e perciò ricco di tanti ricordi, non abbia progettato di
lasciarci una Vita Chromatii, come fece Paolino per Ambrogio e Possidio
per Agostino? Nella sua opera esegetica e anche nei suoi Sermones,
inoltre, va rilevata l’assenza di ogni riferimento personale: C. infatti non
ricorda mai episodi o casi occorsigli, come fa talvolta san Massimo di Torino.
Così quel poco che sappiamo della sua vita siamo costretti a ricavarlo
indirettamente dalle testimonianze epistolari o letterarie di uomini illustri,
come <a href="http://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/girolamo-da-stridone/">Girolamo</a>,
Ambrogio, Giovanni Crisostomo, Rufino, che, per ragioni editoriali e
scientifiche ovvero collegate all’esercizio del ministero o per amicizia,
furono in contatto con lui. ... LEGGI<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/?s=&algowebsemantic=%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22autore%22%2C%22value%22%3A%22Giuseppe%20Cuscito%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22%3D%22%7D%5D" title="<?php echo Giuseppe Cuscito ?>">Giuseppe Cuscito</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a name="biblio"></a></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bibliografia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>PL</i>, 28, 1323; <i>PL</i>,
25, 1273; J. LEMARIE, Indagini su San Cromazio d’Aquileia, «<i>Aquileia
nostra</i>», 38 (1967), 151-176; Y.M. DUVAL, Les relations doctrinales entre
Milan et Aquilée durant la seconde moitié du IV siècle. Chromace d’Aquilée et
Ambroise de Milan, in <i>Aquileia e Milano, Udine, Arti grafiche friulane</i>,
1973 (Antichità altoadriatiche, 4), 171-234; G. TRETTEL, La “Parola di
Dio” nei sermoni di Cromazio d’Aquileia, «<i>MSF</i>», 53 (1973), 12-29; ID., Terminologia
esegetica nei sermoni di san Cromazio di Aquileia, «<i>Revue des études
augustiniennes</i>», 20 (1974), 55-81; ID., “Figura” e “Veritas” nell’opera
oratoria di san Cromazio vescovo di Aquileia, «<i>La Scuola cattolica</i>», 102
(1974), 3-23; A. DE NICOLA, La presenza della Bibbia nei Sermoni di
Cromazio, «<i>Aquileia nostra</i>», 45-46 (1974-1975), 701-716; S. TRAMONTIN, Origini
del cristianesimo nel Veneto, in <i>Storia della cultura veneta</i>,
102-123; L. CRACCO RUGGINI, Il vescovo Cromazio e gli ebrei di
Aquileia, in <i>Aquileia e l’Oriente mediterraneo</i>, Udine, AGF, 1977
(Antichità altoadriatiche, 12), 353-381; G. CUSCITO, <i>Cromazio di Aquileia
(388-408) e l’età sua. Bilancio bibliografico-critico dopo l’edizione del
Sermone e del Tractatus in Matthaeum</i>, Aquileia. Associazione nazionale per
Aquileia, 1980; G. TRETTEL, <i>Mysterium e Sacramentum in S. Cromazio</i>,
Trieste, Centro studi storico-cristiani Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1979; D.
CORGNALI, <i>Il mistero pasquale in Cromazio di Aquileia</i>, Udine, La nuova
base, 1979: l’A. tenta di dimostrare la ricchezza e l’originalità della
teologia di C. fra i Padri del secolo IV-V, teologia che risentirebbe di una
tradizione molto antica della Chiesa (risalente fino al secolo II) soprattutto
in riferimento al mistero pasquale, per cui sono messi in rilievo dei
parallelismi con Melitone di Sardi e con l’Anonimo Quartodecimano. Per
pronunciate reminiscenze di motivi caratteristici della teologia quartodecimana
relativamente al sacramento del battesimo e alla celebrazione pasquale: P.F.
BEATRICE, <i>La lavanda dei piedi. Contributo alla storia delle antiche
liturgie cristiane</i>, Roma, 1983, 85-98; Y.M. DUVAL, Chromace et Jérôme,
in <i>Chromatius episcopus</i> 388-1988, Udine, AGF, 1989 (Antichità
altoadriatiche, 34), 151-183; V. CIAN, <i>L’anno liturgico nelle opere
di S. Cromazio di Aquileia</i>, Trieste, 1996; G. TRETTEL, <i>La Vergine
Maria in S. Cromazio</i>, Trieste, 1991; ID., San Cromazio d’Aquileia. Il
prologo al Vangelo di Matteo, «<i>MSF</i>», 83 (2003), 43-56.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/cromazio-san/">https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/cromazio-san/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>COMITATO NAZIONALE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>XVI centenario di SAN
CROMAZIO vescovo di Aquileia (408 - 2008)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Si è conclusa la mostra
"<i><b>Cromazio di Aquileia al crocevia di genti e religioni</b></i>"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’anno cromaziano si
chiuderà ufficialmente il 2 dicembre con una solenne concelebrazione presieduta
dal cardinale Angelo ScolaE’ calato il sipario sulla mostra “Cromazio di
Aquileia al crocevia di genti e religioni” organizzata dal Comitato nazionale
San Cromazio in occasione dell’anno cromaziano, che celebra il 16° centenario
della morte di San Cromazio, vescovo di Aquileia dal 388 al 408, e che ha
superato quota 10.000 visitatori. L’epilogo ufficiale dell’anno cromaziano avrà
invece luogo il prossimo 2 dicembre, con una solenne concelebrazione nella
Basilica di Aquileia alla quale saranno invitati tutti i vescovi dell'antica
metropolia di Aquileia (Triveneto, Baviera, Austria, Slovenia, Croazia,
Ungheria...), e che sarà presieduta dal Patriarca di Venezia, il cardinale
Angelo Scola, presidente della Conferenza Episcopale Triveneta. Nell’occasione
verranno inoltre presentati al pubblico gli atti del convegno internazionale
realizzato la scorsa primavera.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Siamo molto soddisfatti
– spiega monsignor Duilio Corgnali, presidente del Comitato – sia
dell’affluenza di visitatori alla mostra, fra cui molti sloveni e numerosi
gruppi, segno che il linguaggio dell’arte è ancora molto efficace per
raccontare un’epoca così importante per la nostra terra, sia dell’interesse
mostrato dalla gente alle diverse iniziative dell’anno cromaziano. Gli stessi
responsabili del ministero per i Beni culturali si sono complimentati con il
Comitato per il lavoro svolto”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fra le ultime iniziative in programma prima della fine dell’anno cromaziano
rientra, inoltre, il pellegrinaggio ad Alessandria e alle chiese e monasteri
d’Egitto organizzato, dal 23 al 30 aprile dalla Pieve di San Pietro di Tarcento
e volto a scoprire le radici cristiane di Aquileia. Il pellegrinaggio, guidato
da monsignor Corgnali, prevede anche l’incontro con il Patriarca cattolico
Antonios Naguib, che è stato ospite a Udine lo scorso ottobre.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129045426/http:/www.cromaziodiaquileia.it/cromazio_di_aquileia91_comunicati_sub96.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20091129045426/http://www.cromaziodiaquileia.it/cromazio_di_aquileia91_comunicati_sub96.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Th%C3%BCr_St._Johannes_16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="323" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Th%C3%BCr_St._Johannes_16.JPG" width="129" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Bleiglasfenster
in der katholischen Pfarrkirche St. Johannes in <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BCr" title="de:Thür">Thür</a>,
Darstellung: hl. Sebastianus und <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatius" title="de:Chromatius">Chromatius</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BENEDIKT XVI.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>GENERALAUDIENZ<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Mittwoch, 5. Dezember
2007<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Der heilige Chromatius
von Aquileia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Liebe Brüder und
Schwestern!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In den letzten beiden
Katechesen haben wir eine Reise zu den Kirchen des Ostens semitischer Sprache
unternommen und über den Perser Aphrahat und den hl. Ephräm den Syrer
nachgedacht; heute kehren wir mit dem hl. Chromatius von Aquileia in die
lateinische Welt zurück, in den Norden des Römischen Reiches. Dieser Bischof
übte seinen Dienst in der alten Kirche von Aquileia aus, einem blühenden
Zentrum christlichen Lebens, das in der »Zehnten Region« des Römischen Reiches
lag, der Region »Venetia et Histria«. Als Chromatius im Jahr 388 den
Bischofsstuhl der Stadt bestieg, war in der christlichen Ortsgemeinde bereits
eine ruhmreiche Geschichte der Treue zum Evangelium herangereift. Zwischen der
Mitte des dritten und den ersten Jahren des vierten Jahrhunderts hatten die
Verfolgungen unter Decius, Valerian und Diokletian eine große Zahl von
Märtyrern gefordert. Darüber hinaus hatte sich die Kirche von Aquileia, wie
viele andere Kirchen der damaligen Zeit, der Bedrohung durch die arianische
Irrlehre gestellt. Athanasius selbst – der Vorkämpfer der nizänischen
Rechtgläubigkeit, den die Arianer ins Exil verbannt hatten –, fand einige Zeit
Zuflucht in Aquileia. Unter der Führung ihrer Bischöfe widerstand die
christliche Gemeinde den Gefahren der Irrlehre und stärkte ihr Festhalten am
katholischen Glauben.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Im September 381 war
Aquileia Sitz einer Synode, zu der ungefähr 35 Bischöfe aus den Küstengebieten
Nordafrikas, aus dem Rhônetal und aus der ganzen »Zehnten Region«
zusammenkamen. Die Synode nahm sich vor, die letzten Reste des Arianismus im
Westen zu beseitigen. An dem Konzil nahm auch der Priester Chromatius teil als
Experte Valerians, des Bischofs von Aquileia (370/1–387/8). Die Jahre um die
Synode von 381 waren »das goldene Zeitalter« der Gemeinde von Aquileia. Der aus
Dalmatien stammende hl. Hieronymus und Rufinus von Concordia sprechen voll
Nostalgie von ihrem Aufenthalt in Aquileia (370–373), in jener Art von
theologischem Kreis, den Hieronymus, ohne zu zögern, »tamquam chorus beatorum«
– »einen Chor der Seligen« –, nennt (Chronikon, PL XXVII, 697–698). Aus diesem
Kreis – der in gewisser Hinsicht an die Gemeinschaftserfahrungen erinnert, die
Eusebius von Vercelli und Augustinus gemacht hatten – erwuchsen die
namhaftesten Persönlichkeiten der Kirchen nördlich der Adria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius hatte aber
schon in seiner Familie Christus kennen und lieben gelernt. Mit Worten voller
Bewunderung spricht darüber Hieronymus selbst, der die Mutter des Chromatius
mit der Prophetin Hanna, seine zwei Schwestern mit den klugen Jungfrauen im
Gleichnis des Evangeliums, Chromatius selbst und seinen Bruder Eusebius mit dem
jungen Samuel vergleicht (vgl. Ep. VII: PL XXII, 341). Von
Chromatius und Eusebius schreibt Hieronymus noch: »Der selige Chromatius und
der heilige Eusebius waren Brüder durch Blutsverwandtschaft, aber nicht weniger
durch die Übereinstimmung in ihren Idealen« (Ep. VIII: PL XXII, 342).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius wurde um das
Jahr 345 in Aquileia geboren. Er wurde zum Diakon und dann zum Priester
geweiht; schließlich wurde er zum Bischof dieser Kirche gewählt (im Jahr 388).
Nach Empfang der Bischofsweihe durch Bischof Ambrosius widmete er sich voll Mut
und Tatkraft einer Aufgabe, die angesichts der Ausdehnung der seiner
Hirtensorge anvertrauten Gebiete gewaltig war: Das kirchliche
Jurisdiktionsgebiet von Aquileia erstreckte sich nämlich von den Gebieten der
heutigen Schweiz über Bayern, Österreich und Slowenien bis nach Ungarn. Wie
sehr Chromatius in der Kirche seiner Zeit bekannt war und geschätzt wurde, kann
man einer Episode aus dem Leben des hl. Johannes Chrysostomus entnehmen. Als
der Bischof von Konstantinopel von seinem Sitz verbannt wurde, schrieb er drei
Briefe an diejenigen, die er für die bedeutendsten Bischöfe des Westens hielt,
um deren Unterstützung bei den Kaisern zu erwirken: Einen Brief schrieb er an
den Bischof von Rom, den zweiten an den Bischof von Mailand und den dritten an
den Bischof von Aquileia, eben Chromatius (Ep. CLV: PG LII, 702).
Auch für diesen waren es wegen der prekären politischen Situation schwierige
Zeiten. Chromatius starb sehr wahrscheinlich 407 im Exil in Grado, während er
versuchte, den Angriffen der Barbaren zu entkommen, im selben Jahr, in dem auch
Chrysostomus starb.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dem Ansehen und der
Bedeutung nach war Aquileia die vierte Stadt der italienischen Halbinsel und
die neunte des Römischen Reiches: Auch aus diesem Grund war sie ein
verlockendes Ziel der Goten und der Hunnen. Abgesehen davon, daß die Invasionen
dieser Völker schwere Opfer forderten und Zerstörungen verursachten,
gefährdeten sie ernstlich die Überlieferung der Werke der Väter, die in der an
Codices reichen bischöflichen Bibliothek aufbewahrt waren. Auch die Schriften
des hl. Chromatius wurden an andere Orte zerstreut und oft anderen Autoren
zugeschrieben: Johannes Chrysostomus (auch wegen des gleichen Beginns der
beiden Namen: Chromatius wie Chrysostomus); oder Ambrosius und
Augustinus; und auch Hieronymus, dem Chromatius sehr bei der Revision des
Textes und bei der lateinischen Übersetzung der Bibel geholfen hatte. Die
Wiederentdeckung des Großteils der Werke des Chromatius ist glücklichen und
zufälligen Umständen zu verdanken, die es erst in jüngster Zeit ermöglicht
haben, ein ziemlich reiches »Corpus« von Schriften zu rekonstruieren: mehr als
vierzig Predigten, von denen ungefähr zehn als Fragmente erhalten sind, und
sechzig kommentierende Abhandlungen zum Matthäusevangelium.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chromatius war ein
weiser Lehrer und eifriger Hirt. Sein erstes und vornehmliches
Bemühen war es, auf das Wort zu hören, um fähig zu sein, dann zu dessen
Verkünder zu werden: In seiner Lehre geht er stets vom Wort Gottes aus und
kehrt immer wieder zu ihm zurück. Einige Themen sind ihm besonders wichtig: vor
allem das Geheimnis der Dreifaltigkeit, das er in seiner Offenbarung durch
die ganze Heilsgeschichte hindurch betrachtet. Dann das Thema des Heiligen
Geistes: Chromatius weist die Gläubigen ständig auf die Gegenwart und das
Wirken der dritten Person der Allerheiligsten Dreifaltigkeit im Leben der
Kirche hin. Aber mit besonderer Beharrlichkeit kehrt der heilige Bischof
zum Geheimnis Christi zurück. Das fleischgewordene Wort ist wahrer
Gott und wahrer Mensch: Es hat die Menschheit ganz angenommen, um ihr seine
Göttlichkeit zu schenken. Diese Wahrheiten, die auch gegen den Arianismus
beharrlich hervorgehoben wurden, werden ungefähr fünfzig Jahre später zur
Definition des Konzils von Chalzedon führen. Die starke Hervorhebung der
menschlichen Natur Christi führt Chromatius dazu, von der Jungfrau Maria zu
sprechen. Seine mariologische Lehre ist klar und genau. Ihm verdanken wir
einige beeindruckende Beschreibungen der allerseligsten Jungfrau: Maria ist die
»Jungfrau des Evangeliums, die fähig ist, Gott aufzunehmen«; sie ist das
»unbefleckte und unversehrte Schaf«, das das »in Purpur gekleidete Lamm«
gezeugt hat (vgl. Sermo XXIII,3: »Scrittori dell’area
santambrosiana«, 3/1, S. 134). Der Bischof von Aquileia setzt häufig die
Jungfrau in Beziehung zur Kirche. Beide sind nämlich »Jungfrauen« und »Mütter«.
Die Ekklesiologie des Chromatius wird vor allem im Kommentar zu
Matthäus entwickelt. Hier einige wiederkehrende Begriffe: Die Kirche ist eine,
sie ist aus dem Blut Christi entstanden; sie ist wertvolles Gewand, durchwoben
vom Heiligen Geist; die Kirche ist dort, wo verkündet wird, daß Christus von
der Jungfrau Maria geboren wurde, wo Brüderlichkeit und Eintracht blühen. Ein
Bild, dem Chromatius besonders innig zugetan ist, ist das Bild des Schiffes auf
der stürmischen See – und seine Zeiten waren, wie wir gehört haben, Zeiten des
Sturms –: »Es besteht kein Zweifel«, sagt der heilige Bischof, »daß dieses
Schiff die Kirche darstellt« (vgl. Tract. XLII,5: a.a.O., 3/2, S. 260).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Als eifriger Hirt, der er
ist, weiß Chromatius mit frischer, farbiger und einprägsamer Sprache zu seinen
Leuten zu sprechen. Obwohl er die lateinische Sprache vollkommen beherrscht,
zieht er es vor, auf die Volkssprache zurückzugreifen, die reich an leicht verständlichen
Bildern ist. Indem er sich so zum Beispiel vom Meer anregen läßt, vergleicht er
einerseits den natürlichen Fang von Fischen, die sterben, sobald sie ans Ufer
gezogen worden sind, und andererseits die Verkündigung des Evangeliums, dank
der die Menschen aus den schlammigen Wassern des Todes gerettet und in das
wahre Leben eingeführt werden (vgl. Tract. XVI,3: a.a.O., 3,2, S. 106).
Während er immer den Guten Hirten im Blick hat, versteht er es, sich in einer
stürmischen, von den Übergriffen der Barbaren heimgesuchten Zeit wie der
seinigen auf die Seite der Gläubigen zu stellen, um sie zu trösten und ihre
Seele für das Vertrauen in Gott zu öffnen, der seine Kinder nie verläßt.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nehmen wir zum Abschluß
dieser Überlegungen eine Ermahnung des Chromatius auf, die noch heute voll
gültig ist: »Bitten wir den Herrn aus ganzem Herzen und mit ganzem Glauben«,
empfiehlt der Bischof von Aquileia in einer seiner Predigten, »bitten wir
ihn, uns von jedem Übergriff der Feinde, von aller Furcht vor den Gegnern zu befreien.
Er schaue nicht auf unsere Verdienste, sondern auf seine Barmherzigkeit, er,
der sich auch in der Vergangenheit herabließ, die Kinder Israels nicht wegen
ihrer Verdienste, sondern wegen seiner Barmherzigkeit zu befreien. Er behüte
uns mit seiner barmherzigen Liebe und wirke für uns, was der heilige Mose den
Kindern Israels sagte: ›Der Herr wird zu eurer Verteidigung kämpfen, und ihr
werdet still sein.‹ Er ist es, der kämpft, er ist es, der den Sieg davonträgt…
Und damit er sich herablasse, das zu tun, müssen wir soviel wie möglich beten.
Er sagt nämlich selbst durch den Mund des Propheten: ›Rufe mich am Tag des
Leidens an; ich werde dich befreien, und du wirst mir Herrlichkeit geben‹« (Sermo XVI,4:
a.a.O., 3/1, S.100–102).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So erinnert uns der hl. Chromatius
gerade zu Beginn der <a href="http://www.vatican.va/liturgical_year/advent/2007/avvento_2007_ge.html">Adventszeit</a> daran,
daß der Advent eine Zeit des Gebetes ist, in der wir mit Gott in Berührung
treten müssen. Gott kennt uns, er kennt mich, er kennt einen jeden von uns, er
hat mich lieb, er verläßt mich nicht. Schreiten wir mit diesem Vertrauen voran
in dieser liturgischen Zeit, die soeben begonnen hat.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In der Reihe der großen
Gestalten der christlichen Antike wenden wir uns heute dem heiligen Chromatius
von Aquileia zu, der in dieser einst bedeutenden Stadt Venetiens um 345 geboren
wurde. Chromatius wuchs in einer christlichen Familie auf. Hieronymus, der
einige Jugendjahre in Aquileia verbrachte, berichtet mit Bewunderung vom
starken Glauben und tugendhaften Leben der Mutter und der Geschwister.
Chromatius selbst wurde später zum Diakon und zum Priester geweiht. Er nahm
auch an der bedeutenden Synode des Jahres 381 in Aquileia teil, die der Abwehr
der Irrlehre des Arius galt, dessen Anhänger die Gottheit Christi leugneten.
Schließlich wurde Chromatius im Jahre 388 zum Bischof von Aquileia gewählt,
eine wegen der Weitläufigkeit dieses Bistums ungeheure Aufgabe, der er sich mit
Mut und großem Eifer zuwandte. Gestorben ist Chromatius im Jahre 407
wahrscheinlich im Exil in Grado an der Adria, wo er sich vor den Streifzügen
der Goten und der Hunnen zurückziehen mußte. Von seinen Werken blieben ungefähr
40 Predigten und etwa 60 Traktate eines Kommentars zum Matthäusevangelium
erhalten. Sein Grundanliegen ist es, das Vertrauen der Gläubigen auf Gottes
Güte zu wecken, die sich im Schoß der Kirche offenbart. Kirche ist dort, wo
verkündet wird, daß Christus von der Jungfrau Maria geboren wird. Die Predigt
des Evangeliums ist für Chromatius wie ein Fischzug, der aber nicht tötet,
sondern die Menschen aus den Fluten des Todes errettet.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">* * *<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ein herzliches "Grüß
Gott" sage ich allen deutschsprachigen Pilgern und Besuchern. Besonders
heiße ich heute die Wallfahrer aus der Schönstattbewegung willkommen. Lassen
wir uns vom heiligen Bischof Chromatius anleiten: Beten wir zum Herrn, wie er
in der wirren Zeit gebetet hat, daß er uns die Furcht nehme und daß er uns
Vertrauen schenkt, daß er uns die Gewißheit schenkt, daß Gott mit seinem
Erbarmen einem jeden von uns nahe ist, daß er uns zum Guten führt und das Gute
zum Sieg führt. Euch allen wünsche eine gesegnete Adventszeit!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© Copyright 2007 -
Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/de/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/de/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html</a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Aquilee_vue_basilique_bis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="800" height="205" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Aquilee_vue_basilique_bis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Vue
générale de la basilique Santa Maria Assunta à Aquilée<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">The
basilica of the Assumption of St. Mary in Aquileia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">La basilica
patriarcale di Santa Maria Assunta è il principale edificio religioso
di <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a> (<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_di_Udine" title="Provincia di Udine">UD</a>) e antica <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattedrale" title="Cattedrale">chiesa
cattedrale</a> del soppresso <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarcato_di_Aquileia" title="Patriarcato di Aquileia">patriarcato di Aquileia</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>BENEDICTO XVI<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>AUDIENCIA GENERAL<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Miércoles 5 de diciembre
de 2007<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Cromacio de Aquileya</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Queridos hermanos y
hermanas:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En las últimas dos
catequesis hicimos una excursión por las Iglesias de Oriente de lengua
semítica, meditando sobre <a href="http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/es/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071121.html">Afraates
el persa</a> y <a href="http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/es/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071128.html">san
Efrén el sirio</a>; hoy volvemos al mundo latino, al norte del Imperio romano,
con san Cromacio de Aquileya. Este obispo desempeñó su ministerio en la antigua
Iglesia de Aquileya, ferviente centro de vida cristiana situado en la décima
región del Imperio romano, Venetia et Histria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En el año 388, cuando san
Cromacio subió a la cátedra episcopal de la ciudad, la comunidad cristiana
local tenía ya una gloriosa historia de fidelidad al Evangelio. Entre mediados
del siglo III y los primeros años del IV, las persecuciones de Decio, Valeriano
y Diocleciano habían cosechado gran número de mártires. Además, la Iglesia de
Aquileya había tenido que afrontar, al igual que las demás Iglesias de la
época, la amenaza de la herejía arriana. El mismo san Atanasio, heraldo de la
ortodoxia de Nicea, a quien los arrianos expulsaron al destierro, encontró
refugio durante algún tiempo en Aquileya. Bajo la guía de sus obispos, la
comunidad cristiana resistió a las insidias de la herejía y reforzó su adhesión
a la fe católica.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En septiembre del año 381
Aquileya fue sede de un sínodo, en el que se reunieron unos 35 obispos de las
costas de África, del valle del Ródano y de toda la décima región. El
sínodo pretendía acabar con los últimos residuos de arrianismo en Occidente. En
el concilio participó también el presbítero Cromacio, como perito del obispo de
Aquileya, Valeriano (370/1-387/8). Los años en torno al sínodo del año 381
representan la "edad de oro" de la comunidad de Aquileya. San
Jerónimo, que había nacido en Dalmacia, y Rufino de Concordia hablan con
nostalgia de su permanencia en Aquileya (370-373), en aquella especie de
cenáculo teológico que san Jerónimo no duda en definir tamquam chorus
beatorum, "como un coro de bienaventurados" (Crónica: PL XXVII,
697-698). En ese cenáculo, que en ciertos aspectos recuerda las experiencias
comunitarias guiadas por san Eusebio de Vercelli y san Agustín, se formaron las
personalidades más notables de las Iglesias del alto Adriático.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pero san Cromacio, ya en
su familia, había aprendido a conocer y a amar a Cristo. Nos habla de ello, con
palabras llenas de admiración, el mismo san Jerónimo, que compara a la madre de
san Cromacio con la profetisa Ana, a sus dos hermanas con las vírgenes
prudentes de la parábola evangélica, y a san Cromacio mismo y a su hermano
Eusebio con el joven Samuel (cf. Ep VII: PL XXII, 341). San
Jerónimo escribe también: "El beato Cromacio y el santo Eusebio eran
hermanos tanto por el vínculo de sangre como por la identidad de los
ideales" (Ep VIII: PL XXII, 342).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">San Cromacio nació en
Aquileya hacia el año 345. Fue ordenado diácono y después presbítero; por
último, fue elegido pastor de aquella Iglesia (año 388). Tras recibir la
consagración episcopal de manos del obispo san Ambrosio, se dedicó con valentía
y energía a una ingente tarea por la extensión del territorio encomendado a su
solicitud pastoral. En efecto, la jurisdicción eclesiástica de Aquileya se
extendía desde los territorios actuales de Suiza, Baviera, Austria y Eslovenia,
hasta Hungría.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Un episodio de la vida de
san Juan Crisóstomo nos permite hacernos una idea de cuán conocido y estimado
era san Cromacio en la Iglesia de su tiempo. Cuando el obispo de Constantinopla
fue desterrado de su sede, escribió tres cartas a quienes consideraba los
obispos más importantes de Occidente, para obtener su apoyo ante los
emperadores: una carta la escribió al Obispo de Roma; la segunda, al Obispo de
Milán; y la tercera, al obispo de Aquileya, es decir, a san Cromacio (Ep CLV: PG LII,
702). También para él eran tiempos difíciles a causa de la precaria situación
política. Con toda probabilidad san Cromacio murió en el exilio, en Grado,
mientras trataba de escapar de los saqueos de los bárbaros, en el mismo año 407
en el que también falleció san Juan Crisóstomo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Por prestigio e importancia,
Aquileya era la cuarta ciudad de la península italiana, y la novena del Imperio
romano; también por este motivo llamaba la atención de los godos y de los
hunos. Además de causar graves lutos y destrucción, las invasiones de estos
pueblos pusieron en peligro la transmisión de las obras de los Padres
conservadas en la biblioteca episcopal, rica en códices. También los escritos
de san Cromacio se dispersaron y con frecuencia fueron atribuidos a otros
autores: a san Juan Crisóstomo (en parte, a causa de que los dos nombres
comenzaban igual: "Chromatius" y "Chrysostomus"); o a san
Ambrosio y a san Agustín; e incluso a san Jerónimo, a quien san Cromacio había
ayudado mucho en la revisión del texto y en la traducción latina de la Biblia.
El redescubrimiento de gran parte de la obra de san Cromacio se debe a
afortunadas vicisitudes, que sólo en los años recientes han permitido
reconstruir un corpus de escritos bastante consistente: más de
cuarenta sermones, de los cuales una decena en fragmentos, además de unos
sesenta tratados de comentario al Evangelio de san Mateo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">San Cromacio fue un
sabio maestro y celoso pastor. Su primer y principal compromiso
fue el de ponerse a la escucha de la Palabra para poder convertirse en su
heraldo: en su enseñanza siempre toma como punto de partida la palabra de Dios
y a ella regresa siempre. Entre sus temas preferidos se encuentran, ante todo,
el misterio de la Trinidad, que contempla en su revelación a través
de la historia de la salvación; luego, el del Espíritu Santo: san Cromacio
recuerda constantemente a los fieles la presencia y la acción de la tercera
Persona de la santísima Trinidad en la vida de la Iglesia. Pero el santo obispo
afronta con particular insistencia el misterio de Cristo. El Verbo
encarnado es verdadero Dios y verdadero hombre: ha asumido integralmente la
humanidad para entregarle como don su propia divinidad. Estas verdades,
repetidas con insistencia, en parte en clave antiarriana, llevarían, unos
cincuenta años después, a la definición del concilio de Calcedonia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Al subrayar intensamente
la naturaleza humana de Cristo, san Cromacio se siente impulsado a hablar de
la Virgen María. Su doctrina mariológica es tersa y precisa. Le debemos
algunas descripciones sugerentes de la Virgen santísima: María es la "virgen
evangélica capaz de acoger a Dios"; es la "oveja inmaculada e
inviolada" que engendró al "cordero cubierto de púrpura"
(cf. Sermo XXIII, 3: Scrittori dell'area santambrosiana 3/1,
p. 134).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El Obispo de Aquileya
pone a menudo a la Virgen en relación con la Iglesia: ambas son
"vírgenes" y "madres". La eclesiología de san
Cromacio se desarrolla sobre todo en el comentario a san Mateo. He aquí algunos
de sus conceptos más frecuentes: la Iglesia es única, nació de la sangre de
Cristo; es un vestido precioso tejido por el Espíritu Santo; la Iglesia está
donde se anuncia que Cristo nació de la Virgen, donde florece la fraternidad y
la concordia. Una imagen que gustaba particularmente a san Cromacio es la de la
barca en el mar durante la tempestad —y, como hemos visto, vivió en una época
de tempestades—: "No cabe duda", afirma el santo obispo, "que
esta barca representa a la Iglesia" (cf. Tract. XLII, 5: Scrittori
dell'area santambrosiana 3/2, p. 260).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Como celoso pastor, san
Cromacio sabe hablar a su gente con un lenguaje fresco, colorido e incisivo.
Aunque conoce perfectamente el estilo latino clásico, prefiere recurrir al
lenguaje popular, rico en imágenes fácilmente comprensibles. Así, por ejemplo,
tomando pie del mar, compara la pesca natural de peces que, sacados a la
orilla, mueren, con la predicación evangélica, gracias a la cual los hombres
son salvados de las aguas enfangadas de la muerte, e introducidos en la
verdadera vida (cf. Tract. XVI, 3: Scrittori dell'area santambrosiana 3/2,
p. 106). Desde la perspectiva del buen pastor, en un período borrascoso como el
suyo, azotado por los saqueos de los bárbaros, sabe ponerse siempre al lado de
los fieles para confortarlos y para infundirles confianza en Dios, que nunca
abandona a sus hijos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Por último, como
conclusión de estas reflexiones, recogemos una exhortación de san Cromacio que
sigue siendo válida hoy: «Invoquemos al Señor con todo el corazón y con toda la
fe —recomienda el Obispo de Aquileya en un Sermón—; pidámosle que nos
libre de toda incursión de los enemigos, de todo temor de los adversarios. Que
no tenga en cuenta nuestros méritos, sino su misericordia, él que en el pasado
se dignó librar también a los hijos de Israel no por sus méritos, sino por su
misericordia. Que nos proteja con su acostumbrado amor misericordioso, y que
realice en nosotros lo que dijo el santo Moisés a los hijos de Israel: "El
Señor combatirá en vuestra defensa y vosotros estaréis en silencio". Es él
quien combate y es él quien obtiene la victoria. (...) Y para que se digne hacerlo,
debemos orar lo más posible. Él mismo dice por labios del profeta:
"Invócame en el día de la tribulación; yo te libraré y tú me
glorificarás"» (Sermo XVI, 4: Scrittori dell'area santambrosiana 3/1,
pp. 100-102).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Así, precisamente al
inicio del tiempo de Adviento, san Cromacio nos recuerda que el Adviento es
tiempo de oración, en el que es necesario entrar en contacto con Dios. Dios nos
conoce, me conoce, conoce a cada uno, me ama, no me abandona. Sigamos adelante con
esta confianza en el tiempo litúrgico recién iniciado.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saludos</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saludo cordialmente a los
peregrinos de lengua española. En particular, al coro "Schola
Gregoriana" de Madrid y a los grupos venidos de Sevilla, Murcia y otros
lugares de España y de Latinoamérica. A ejemplo de san Cromacio, invoquemos al
Señor en medio de nuestras tribulaciones. Muchas gracias.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(A los fieles polacos)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Doy mi bienvenida a los Padres Marianos y a los fieles que dan gracias a Dios
por la beatificación de Estanislao Papczynski. Que el tiempo salvífico de la
espera de Navidad sea para nosotros ocasión para reflexionar sobre nuestra
vida, para la vigilancia evangélica y para la "metanoia" espiritual.
Os encomiendo al Señor en mi oración y de corazón os bendigo para todo el
Adviento.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(En italiano)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Saludo, finalmente, a los jóvenes, a los enfermos y a
los recién casados. Nos estamos preparando para celebrar dentro de
algunos días la solemnidad de la Virgen Inmaculada. Que ella os guíe,
queridos jóvenes, en vuestro camino de adhesión a Cristo. Que para
vosotros, queridos enfermos, sea apoyo en el sufrimiento y suscite en
vosotros esperanza renovada. A vosotros, queridos recién casados, os
guíe a descubrir cada vez más el amor de Cristo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Copyright © Dicastero per
la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/es/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/es/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20071205.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><b>Voir
aussi </b>: <a href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Scriptor:Chromatius_Aquileiensis">https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Scriptor:Chromatius_Aquileiensis</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/les-grands-temoins-marials/du-iv-au-vi-siecle-les-heresies-et-les-grands-conciles/chromace-daquilee-345-407">https://www.mariedenazareth.com/encyclopedie-mariale/les-grands-temoins-marials/du-iv-au-vi-siecle-les-heresies-et-les-grands-conciles/chromace-daquilee-345-407</a></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-20360861506849015152023-11-29T04:19:00.000-08:002023-11-29T04:33:58.946-08:00Bienheureuse MARIA MADDALENA dell'INCARNAZIONE (CATERINA SORDINI), religieuse tertiaire franciscaine et fondatrice de l'Institut de l'Adoration Perpétuelle du Très Saint Sacrement<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/CaterinaSordini.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="424" data-original-width="302" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/CaterinaSordini.jpg" width="228" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Portrait
of the Blessed Maria Maddalena dell'Incarnazione, foundress of the Perpetual
Adoratrices of the Most Saint Sacrament, circa 1820<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse
Marie-Madeleine de l'Incarnation<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Fondatrice de l'institut
de l'Adoration Perpétuelle du Très Saint Sacrement (+ 1824)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Religieuse, fondatrice de
l'institut de l'Adoration Perpétuelle du Très Saint Sacrement qui compte à ce
jour plus de 90 monastères à travers le monde, María Magdalena de la
Encarnación (1770-1824) a été béatifiée, le 3 mai 2008, en la basilique
Saint-Jean-de-Latran à Rome - <a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20080503_beatif-magdalena_sp.html" target="_blank">Homélie (en espagnol) du Card. José Saraiva Martins</a> lors
de la béatification de Mère Marie-Madeleine de l'Incarnation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/2008/ns_lit_doc_20080503_magdalena-encarnacion_sp.html" target="_blank">Biographie en espagnol - site du Vatican</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/12464/Bienheureuse-Marie-Madeleine-de-l-Incarnation.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/12464/Bienheureuse-Marie-Madeleine-de-l-Incarnation.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://ut-pupillam-oculi.over-blog.com/article-25261806.html" title="Bienheureuse Marie-Madeleine de l' Incarnation"><b>Bienheureuse
Marie-Madeleine de l' Incarnation</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Catherine Sordini naquit
à Porto Santo Stefano, le 17 avril 1770. A seize ans, elle était promise à un
heureux mariage ; mais elle déclina la proposition et entra chez les Tertiaires
Franciscaines à Ischia di Castro, près de Viterbe, où elle reçut l'habit
religieux en 1799.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Elle avait comme père
spirituel Don Baldeschi qui l'inspira dans la fondation d'un futur institut
religieux dédié à l'adoration perpétuelle. Entre temps, elle fut élue, à
seulement 32 ans, comme abbesse des Tertiaires Franciscaines. Elle se dédia
alors à retrouver la règle originelle et à renflouer les comptes...Elle fut
aussi favorisée de dons et de faveurs mystiques extraordinaires. Sa réputation
d'abbesse dynamique se répandit dans la région ; mais elle n'abandonnait
pas son idée de fondatrice. Avec l' accord de l' évêque du lieu, elle quitta
ses Soeurs et s'installa, avec la bénédiction du Pape Pie VII, à Rome dans un
ancien couvent de Carmélites pour ouvrir la première maison des Soeurs de l'Adoration Perpétuelle du Très Saint Sacrement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pendant l'occupation
française de Rome, les Congrégations contemplatives furent dispersées et
Mère Marie-Madeleine de l'Incarnation dut prendre le chemin de l' exil à
Florence. Elle y fit la connaissance de jeunes femmes qui furent le noyau des
nouvelles Adoratrices, lorsqu'elle put revenir à Rome dans une nouvelle
maison, en 1814.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1818, Pie VII approuva
définitivement la Règle de l'Institut, dédié à l' exposition solennelle du
Saint Sacrement et à son adoration continue.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Mère fondatrice
mourut en odeur de sainteté, le 29 novembre 1824, accompagnée de
phénomènes mystiques, Elle fut inhumée en l'église Sainte-Anne du
Quirinal avec la permission du Pape qui à l'époque demeurait au Palais du
Quirinal*. En 1839, sa dépouille fut transférée en l' église
Sainte-Marie-Madeleine du Monte Cavallo, nouveau siège des Adoratrices.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Aujourd'hui les Adoratrices
sont présentes en Amérique, en Afrique et dans plusieurs pays européens. En
Italie, elles sont regroupées en une douzaine de maisons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Marie-Madeleine de l'
Incarnation vient d' être béatifiée, le 3 mai 2008, en la basilique
Saint-Jean-de-Latran.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">* Aujourd'hui palais du
président de la république italienne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://ut-pupillam-oculi.over-blog.com/article-25261806.html">http://ut-pupillam-oculi.over-blog.com/article-25261806.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">29 novembre 2008<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Mère Marie-Madeleine de
l'Incarnation Sordini</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Née le 16 avril 1770,
entrée dans la Vie, le 29 novembre 1824, fondatrice de l'Ordre de l'Adoration
Perpétuelle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Prière pour obtenir la
béatification de Mère Marie-Madeleine de l'Incarnation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Trinité Sainte! Père,
Fils et Saint-Esprit! Nous Vous remercions pour toutes les grâces, que Vous
avez accordées à Votre Servante Marie-Madeleine de l'Incarnation. Accordez-nous
aussi votre miséricorde, ô Dieu par l'intercession de votre servante ainsi que
l'aide spirituelle et temporelle dans toutes nos préoccupations, en particulier
la grâce, (...) et de toujours vivre et mourir dans votre amour et enfin que
nous devenions, à son exemple, de vrais adorateurs du Très Saint Sacrement. Par
les mérites de Jésus-Christ et de sa très sainte, Mère douloureuse écoutez nos demandes
et qui glorifiez Votre humble servante, si cela est pour votre plus grande
gloire honneur et à contribue au bien et à la sanctification des âmes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Notre Père ... Je Vous
salue Marie... Gloire au Père ...<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Béni soit Jésus dans le
Très saint sacrement de l'autel!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tous ceux qui, ayant
invoqué la mère de Marie-Madeleine de l'Incarnation, obtiendraient des grâces
particulières, sont priés de le faire savoir au monastère de l'Adoration
Perpétuelle à Innsbruck (Autriche).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Avec la permission de
pression religieux. Kinderfreundanstalt Innsbruck<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SOURCE : <a href="http://imagessaintes.canalblog.com/archives/2008/05/06/9080883.html">http://imagessaintes.canalblog.com/archives/2008/05/06/9080883.html</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Benoît XVI encourage la
formation de groupes d’adorateurs du Saint-Sacrement<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Béatification de Mère
Marie-Madeleine de l’Incarnation Sordini</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">MAI 07, 2008 00:00<a href="https://fr.zenit.org/author/staffreporter/" title="View all posts by ZENIT Staff">ZENIT STAFF</a><a href="https://fr.zenit.org/category/church-and-world/local-church/">EGLISES
LOCALES</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ROME, Mercredi 7 mai 2008
(<a href="http://www.zenit.org/">ZENIT.org</a>) – Benoît XVI souhaite la
constitution de groupes d’adorateurs du Saint-Sacrement.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le pape a souligné le
charisme de la bienheureuse Marie-Madeleine Sordini, béatifiée dimanche
dernier, 3 mai, en la basilique Saint-Jean de Latran. Mère Marie-Madeleine de
l’Incarnation Sordini est née le 16 avril 1770, et elle est « entrée dans
la Vie » le 29 novembre 1824.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">« Je salue les
pèlerins de langue italienne, à la fin de l’audience du mercredi. En
particulier, j’adresse une pensée cordiale au pèlerinage promu par les
Adoratrices perpétuelles du très saint sacrement, à l’occasion de la
béatification de <a href="http://imagessaintes.canalblog.com/archives/2008/05/06/9080883.html">Marie
Madeleine</a> de l’Incarnation, et je les encourage à promouvoir toujours
plus l’amour de l’Eucharistie afin que surgissent, à côté de tout monastère de
l’Ordre, des groupes « d’adorateurs ». C’est ainsi que se réalisera
l’aspiration de votre bienheureuse fondatrice qui aimait répéter :
« Que Jésus soit connu de tous, aimé, adoré, et remercié à tout moment
dans le très saint et très divin sacrement ».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Le postulateur de la
cause de béatification, le P. Ernesto Piacentini, a déclaré à Radio Vatican :
« Le charisme de la nouvelle bienheureuse a été de donner de l’importance
dans sa vie et dans la vie des autres, à l’adoration perpétuelle de Jésus
Sacrement. Depuis son enfance, elle sentait cet attachement, cette attention et
ce transport pour Jésus. Il faut dire que ce charisme de mettre en relief
l’adoration perpétuelle de Jésus Eucharistie est un charisme fondamental aussi
dans l’Eglise parce que si l’Eglise catholique a une caractéristique
fondamentale c’est bien la présence en Corps, Sang, Âme et divinité, de Jésus
dans l’Eucharistie. Toutes les dévotions peuvent être importantes dans
l’histoire de l’Eglise, mais aucune n’est aussi importante que celle de
l’Adoration perpétuelle ».<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Anita S. Bourdin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://fr.zenit.org/2008/05/07/benoit-xvi-encourage-la-formation-de-groupes-d-adorateurs-du-saint-sacrement/">https://fr.zenit.org/2008/05/07/benoit-xvi-encourage-la-formation-de-groupes-d-adorateurs-du-saint-sacrement/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Targa_Caterina_Sordini_casa_natale_Porto_Santo_Stefano.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="800" height="164" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Targa_Caterina_Sordini_casa_natale_Porto_Santo_Stefano.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Targa
commemorativa all'ingresso della casa natale della Santa in Via del Molo a
Porto Santo Stefano.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Mary Magdalene of the
Incarnation (1770-1824)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Foundress, Perpetual
Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Caterina Sordini was born on 16 April 1770 at Grosseto, Italy, the fourth
of nine children born into a deeply Catholic family. When she was 17 her father
arranged for her to marry a maritime merchant. At first she was against it, but
later complied with her father's wishes. The young man gave her a casket of
jewels and, having adorned herself, turned to admire her reflection in the
mirror but saw the image of the Crucified Christ who asked: "Do you want
to leave me for another?".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She took the question
seriously and in February 1788 visited the Franciscan Tertiary Monastery in
Ischia di Castro. Caterina entered then and there, thus shocking her father who
had thought it was merely a visit. She was clothed six months later, taking the
name of Sr Mary Magdalene of the Incarnation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 19 February 1789, she
fell into ecstasy and saw a vision of "Jesus seated on a throne of grace
in the Blessed Sacrament, surrounded by virgins adoring him" and heard him
telling her: "I have chosen you to establish the work of perpetual adorers
who, day and night, will offer me their humble adoration...". Thus, she
was called to become a foundress and to spend her life adoring Jesus in the
Eucharist. In that turbulent period for the Church she set an example to all.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She was elected Abbess on
20 April 1802. The period of her governance was accompanied by extraordinary
phenomena and an increasingly fervent spiritual life, and the abbey thrived.
With the consent of her spiritual director and the local Bishop she drafted the
rules of the new Institute and set out for Rome on 31 May 1807.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 8 July that year, she
and a few Sisters moved into Sts Joachim and Anne convent, near the Trevi
Fountain. Under the French occupation it was confiscated and the Napoleonic
laws suppressed her Order. She was exiled to Tuscany.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There she formed a new
group of Adorers. On 19 March 1814, when they could return to Rome they settled
at Sant'Anna al Quirinale. On 13 February 1818, Pope Pius VII approved the
Institute dedicated to perpetual, solemn, public exposition of the Most Blessed
Sacrament.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Mary Magdalene
died in Rome on 29 April 1824. She was buried at Sant'Anna al Quirinale and in
1839 her remains were translated to the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena, the
new generalate of the Perpetual Adorers in Rome. Pope John Paul II decreed her
heroic virtues in 2001 and in 2007, Benedict XVI recognized a miracle
attributed to her intercession.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/2008/ns_lit_doc_20080503_magdalena-encarnacion_en.html">https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/2008/ns_lit_doc_20080503_magdalena-encarnacion_en.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>3 May 2008<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Caterina
Sordini (1770-1824)</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Foundress, Perpetual Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Caterina Sordini was
born on 16 April 1770 at Grosseto, Italy, the fourth of nine children born into
a deeply Catholic family. When she was 17 her father arranged for her to marry
a maritime merchant. At first she was against it. but later complied with her
father's wishes. The young man gave her a casket of jewels and, having adorned
herself, turned to admire her reflection in the mirror but saw the image of the
Crucified Christ who asked: "Do you want to leave me for another?".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">She took the question
seriously and in February 1788 visited the Franciscan Tertiary Monastery in
Ischia di Castro. Caterina entered then and there. thus shocking her father who
had thought it was merely a visit. She was clothed six months later, taking the
name of Sr. Mary Magdalene of the Incarnation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Heavenly inspiration for
an Order</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">On 19 February 1789, she
fell into ecstasy and saw a vision of "Jesus seated on a throne of grace
in the Blessed Sacrament, surrounded by virgins adoring him" and heard him
telling her: "I have chosen you to establish the work of perpetual adorers
who, day and night, will offer me their humble adoration...". Thus, she
was called to become a foundress and to spend her life adoring Jesus in the
Eucharist. In that turbulent period for the Church she set an example to all.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">She was elected Abbess on
20 April 1802. The period of her governance was accompanied by extraordinary
phenomena and an increasingly fervent spiritual life, and the abbey thrived.
With the consent of her spiritual director and the local Bishop she drafted the
rules of the new Institute and set out for Rome on 31 May 1807.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Perpetual Adorers in
Rome</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">On 8 July that year. she
and a few Sisters moved into Sts Joachim and Anne convent, near the Trevi
Fountain. Under the French occupation it was confiscated and the Napoleonic
laws suppressed her Order. She was exiled to Tuscany.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There she formed a new
group of Adorers. On 19 March 1814, when they could return to Rome they settled
at Sant'Anna al Quirinale. On 13 February 1818, Pope Pius VII approved the
Institute dedicated to perpetual. solemn, public exposition of the Most Blessed
Sacrament.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Mary Magdalene
died in Rome on 29 April 1824. She was buried at Sant'Anna al Quirinale and in
1839 her remains were translated to the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena, the
new generalate of the Perpetual Adorers in Rome. Pope John Paul II decreed her
heroic virtues in 2001 and in 2007, Benedict XVI recognized a miracle
attributed to her intercession.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/biographies-of-new-blesseds--2008-5257">https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/biographies-of-new-blesseds--2008-5257</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bl. Mary Magdalene
Sordini<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>1770 - 1824</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blessed Mary Magdalene
was born as Catherine mutes in (it: Caterina) on 16 April 1770 in Porto
Santo Stefano, now in the municipality of Monte Argentario in the province of
Grosseto in Tuscany in central Italy. Her parents were Lorenzo and Teresa
Sordini Moizzo and she was the fourth of nine children, five of whom grew
up. She was baptized the day after the village church, and were named
Caterina Francesca Maria Antonia. Her godparents were Bartolomeo and Maria
Anna Giovine Schiano. She had a curious and self-conscious nature and was
very independent and often rude. Her family was quite wealthy and
Catherine grew up in an atmosphere of comfort and prosperity. Yet she was
always aware of their parents' deep spirituality. The model that devotion
to the sacrament of the altar in her family was and compassionate work that was
practiced there, had a lasting influence on Catherine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Her father was a deeply
religious man, holding the Holy Eucharist particularly high. He spent a
lot of money and time to ensure that the sacrament could be out for
worship. Catherine longed for these special days and found joy in to take
its place in the worship of Our Lord. At this time there was a
change in her life. e impulsive child matured into an obedient, diligent,
patient and thoughtful youth. In the Lord's presence was Catherine
prepared for her vocation. Her prayer life intensified, she often
went to Mass and exercised voluntary penance and "spectral contents of the
flesh", and she spent many hours in front of the Lord in worship. During
this period she had many mystical experiences.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When Catherine was
sixteen years old, her father betrothed her to a suitable young man from
Sorrento, Alfonso Capece, who was an expert in maritime trade.But plans for her
upcoming wedding, coal thrown when one day she looked in the mirror wearing the
jewelry her fiancé had sent her and had a vision of the crucified Christ who
said, "You give me up for a carnal creature?".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On the recommendation of
his confessor and his father's permission took seventeen year old Catherine's
Monastery in Ss Philip and James in Ischia di Castro in the province of
Viterbo, which belonged to the Franciscan third order. They were
originally devoted to the education of young girls, but in 1795 they went over
to the purely contemplative life. After eight months as a postulant, she
received on the 26th October 1788 the Franciscan order habit and the name
of Maria Magdalena of the Incarnation (Maria Maddalena dell'Incarnazione). Even
as a novice she distinguished themselves by their humility, obedience,
patience, kindness and gentleness, and her love for God was so great that the
tears she could pronounce the name of Jesus.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 19 February 1789,
a year after she entered the convent and while she was still a novice, she was
responsible for the work in the refectory and ran and cleared the dining
room. She became more and more absorbed in thoughts of the tabernacle in
the chapel, which stood on the other side of the wall of the refectory.
Suddenly the wall vanished before her eyes and she saw the Sacred Host
surrounded by ethereal glory and angels in white robes, carrying a red
scapular. Another time when she was sitting with his superior and was
engaged in a difficult craft, she was suddenly surrounded by a tremendous light
and fell into a miraculous delight. There the Lord gave her the task of
founding an order of perpetual adoration so that the sacrament of the altar to
be worshiped night and day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 28 October 1789,
she made her vows. But after this purified and tested the Lord's
servant for many external conditions and internal struggles. Finally, she was
almost overwhelmed and fell down in front of a crucifix and begged for
help. Then she heard the voice of the Lord's heart assured her that he was
with her, and he promised to send her someone who would lead her on the right
path and help her with the founding of the order.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This person turned out to
be the most pious priest Don Giovanni Antonio Baldeschi in Ischia. But it
would take ten years before she met him and only after long hesitation he
agreed to be her soul out, once the Holy Father Claudius la Colombière
(1641-1982) had helped St. Margaret Mary Alacoque (1647 - 90) with the spread
of devotion to and worship of the Sacred Heart.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The chapter on the 20th
April 1802 was sr. Mary Magdalene, all conjectures against elected
superior of the monastery in Ischia di Castro, 32 years old. At that time,
the monastery of material in a sorry state. Buildings threatened to
collapse and sisters' outfits were worn and tattered. The warehouse
of food was not sufficient for more than a week's consumption and in case was a
single small coin. The new superior lost, however, not discouraged, but
turned with trustful prayer to the divine providence, and exhorted her sisters
to do the same. God rewarded her confidence to such an extent that
by the end of her tenure was the convent to everyone's amazement in the best
condition. On 21 November 1803 the monastery was visited by Charles
Emmanuel of Savoy VI, King of Sardinia, who spoke about two hours with the
abbess.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At this time turned
sr. Mary Magdalene in the Lord's command back to his confessor and soul
leads Don Giovanni Baldeschi to talk to him about the plans to found an
order. But he told her how impossible this was, since she had no funds on
hand. But she replied that it was not she, but the Lord himself who wanted
to raise funds, so he did not have to be concerned. When writing his
father remarked that the new foundation needed a rule and that he did not know
of any similar order of rule, she replied that if it was God's will, he would
advise her to write such a rule.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Amazed by her confidence
in God and full of appreciation of her piety and virtue, he no longer dared to
resist, so he explained everything to his bishop, Msgr Flor Into Pierleone of
Acquapendente. After careful investigation and full of joy of the
initiative commanded the bishop sr. Maria Magdalena write an order
rule. He even promised to do everything he could, and when the rule was
finished, he therefore went to Rome to misplace the case to the Pope. In
1807 Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) gave their permission and blessing for the
founding of the first house in Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After everything was
arranged in the monastery of Ischia di Castro, went Mary Magdalene on
31 May 1807 with his substitute, sr. Marianna and another young nun,
followed by Bishop Pierleone and his confessor, through Viterbo to Rome, where
the nuns were still living in an Augustinian monastery Santa Lucia in
Selce. But already the 8th July 1807, they could move into their new
home, the small monastery of Sant'Anna all Quattro Fontane, who had been a
Carmelite convent.After the necessary repairs and improvements of the
dilapidated buildings and seedy church was ready, the nuns began under the
leadership of Mother Mary Magdalene's eternal adoration of the Sacrament, first
privately and behind closed doors at night.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the middle of
September 1807 the sisters had permission from Pope Pius VII from the third
Sunday in September (the feast of Mary's pain) to keep the public and solemn
worship according to their regulations on all Sundays and feast days as far as
their funds managed. But yet they had not received preliminary
approval of the rule and the statutes of its ordenshus from the General
Vicariate of Rome despite gjentanne requests.All sorts of difficulties and
concerns were raised, and even the Pope's otherwise benevolent Vicar General,
Cardinal Somaglia, seemed to share this concern. Again and again, they
were also granted Mother Mary Magdalene, but each time she replied, full of
confidence: "Our heavenly protectress and mother Maria will also learn to
solve these difficulties in its own time. And it happened then too.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rule and the statutes of
the new order of the house was after a rigorous examination approved by the ecclesiastical
authorities, and the Cardinal Vicar Somaglia had already had them lying some
time in his office for signature, but without signing them. On the feast
of Mary's Purification [now Lord's Presentation] on 2 February 1808 he was to
go to Capella Papale in the Quirinale Palace, but an invisible force
was holding him back at the door of his room, and despite repeated attempts he
was unable to leave the room. When he came to think that perhaps his lack
of signature on the order of the rule was the reason for this inexplicable
event.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When he signed without
hesitation rule and the statutes of the Monastery of the eternal worship, and
thus he could soon leave the room. That same day he personally brought the
gun to rule the monastery Sant'Anna, and he allowed from this day the public
and solemn grace and adoration of the Sacrament of the altar under
ordensregelens regulations, while he told Mary Magdalene what had happened that
morning.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The same day, the 2nd February
1808, Rome was occupied by the French General Miollis with 12,000
men. They possessed Montecavallo kanonmunningene and directed against the
Pope's residence, and from then on, the pope was a prisoner in his own house.
The French immediately began to implement its policy of hostility church, and
Pope Pius VII and the Cardinals were expelled or taken away as prisoners. Now
also in Rome, the monasteries closed and dissolved. Only a single
monastery was spared and overlooked by the enemy: the recently founded
monastery of the eternal worship. In the midst of this storm and
without interruption continued where the eternal worship of Jesus in the
Sacrament. But this oasis of peace and uninterrupted prayer would be
destroyed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Mary Magdalene had
because of alms, who came from far and near to the foundation of the monastery,
corresponded with those of highest rank in society. This circumstance led
to a Roman family that was hostile to the new monastery, the community reviewed
the French bykommandanten. He undertook a thorough house searches in the
monastery, where it was found eventually in grunnleggersken a stack letters
from the displaced King Charles Emmanuel VI of Sardinia, from the Spanish
ambassador Marquis del Campo to Lisbon and other high-ranking people who had
sent alms to the foundation of Abbey and recommended themselves and future
tribulations of the community pious intercession. They also found a
strange prophecy grunnleggersken had written in Ischia di Castro about current
events that are now all had happened as she had said, and these writings were
now regarded as highly compromised.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The abbey was dissolved
and the nuns were brought back to their individual homes. Their confessor was
thrown into a dark cell in Castel Sant'Angelo, while their superior in 1811 was
sent into exile, first to Porto Santo Stefano, and then to
Florence. There, she was taken into custody by police, and little was
missing that she was there sentenced to death. It seemed now as if the new
monastery forever worship in Rome was passed into history. But when
Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814: March to June 1815, d. 1821) was overthrown on
May 6 April 1814, was the Church and the peoples of Europe freed from the
oppressive slavery.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Already on 19 March
1814 Mother Mary Magdalene went back to the monastery of Sant'Anna in Rome with
some young graduates from Florence, and the others scattered sisters also
gathered again in Rome. On 24 May 1814 did Pope Pius VII returned to
Rome in triumph after five years of exile, and the first monastery he
recovered, was the monastery of Sant'Anna perpetual adoration of the Blessed
Sacrament. On 13 July 1814 was their church reopened and the solemn
worship could be reopened, much to the delight of a cheering crowd that flocked
to. After this, the worship of the sacrament in this place never
interrupted, either day or night, although the number of nuns in the beginning
was so small that the majority of them were sick of this the-clock service.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Now it was again the community
together, but Mother Mary Magdalene had to immediately complete another
difficult task, namely to equip the monastery. With real confidence
in God's providence, she went away at this task, and Our Lord rewarded this
time her full confidence. Ecclesiastical and secular, high and low gave
alms and gifts in order to show their love for Jesus in the Sacrament. So
it was not long before klostergrunnleggelsens substantive future was also
assured.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> The only thing now
missing, was the papal approval of order rule. It was eventually released after
long and thorough investigation on 22 uly 1818 in the bull In Supremo
militantis same day delivered the joyful grunnleggersken. Five
months earlier the Pope had given it ordenssuperioren he himself had appointed
Msgr Menochio Bartolomeo, Bishop of Augustinian and Porfirio, the mission to
clothe grunnleggersken and her sisters the track suit, which was prescribed in
the rule. This happened behind closed doors on the third Sunday in
September 1817, the feast of Our Painful Mother (Mater Dolorosa), the
order's special protector and mother. Those who received the suit, the mother
was Mary Magdalene, sr. Marianna, sr. Marianna, sr. Maria
Giuseppa og sr. Giuseppe and Maria sr. Serafina, a former
Dominican grunnleggersken who met in Florence. The same bishop also
presided at Menochio ikledningen the first ten postulant, this time in a
ceremony open to the public on 4 oktober samme år. October the same
year. On 12 May 1818 took Mother Mary Magdalene and the other three
sisters eternal promises.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 25 March 1823
death of Bishop Menochio, and the young community got a new superior, Cardinal
Annibale della Genga.In the beginning, he showed little sympathetic to the new
department, and when Pope Pius VII died on May 20 August 1823 and Cardinal
Della Genga was elected the new pope with the name of Leo XII (1823-1929), the
sisters feared the worst. MBut Mother Mary Magdalene exhorted them to have
confidence in divine providence, and she assured them that the new pope would
protect them. It happened then, too, and he appeared very generous towards them
and sent every now and then presents to the monastery. Also Popes Gregory
XVI (1831-1846) and Blessed Pius IX (1846-78) equipped with the order of many
privileges and indulgences.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Through all temptations,
persecutions and schisms that this order, "Sisters of the perpetual
adoration of the Blessed Sacrament" (Adoratrici Perpetua del
Santissimo Sacramento), experienced in their first year, remained the Lord
grunnleggersken close and assured her of his grace and love and its wish that
she had to remain steadfast. But she survived the formal approval of the
rule with only six years. In 1824 she predicted that she would die in the
autumn, and she sent word of this to his eleven years younger brother
Giovanni. He went in haste to Rome, but when he saw that she was in good
health, he took not her words seriously. But at eleven o'clock on the evening
of 29 November 1824 death of Mother Mary Magdalene of the
Incarnation in Rome, surrounded by his daughters, 54 years and 7 months
old. With permission from Pope Leo XII, she became the 30th November
buried at the altar of Maria SS. della Speranza i klosterkirken
Sant'Anna alle Quattro Fontane ved Quirinalet, della Speranza in the
monastery church of Sant'Anna all Quattro Fontane at the Quirinale Palace,
where the Pope had his residence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> After her death,
followed by many miraculous answers to prayer at her grave, and the authentic
acts attesting to these are held in order's archives in Rome. In 1839, her
mortal remains moved to the church of Santa Maria Maddalena a Monte Cavallo,
who was the new seat of Adoratrici Perpetua in Rome. Later, the
order's headquarters after many difficulties, moved to Via Casaletto 268, which
forty years ago, built a new monastery and where grunnleggerskens mortal remains
were moved in 1968. On 28 January 2004, they moved to an altar
dedicated to her.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On 24 April 2001,
her "heroic virtues" recognized by Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) and
she got the title Venerabilis ("Renowned"). On 17
December 2007 signed Pope Benedict XVI canonization decree from the
Congregation which approved a miracle for her intercession. She was
beatified on Saturday, 3 May 2008 in Rome. As usual during this
pontificate ceremony was not led by the pope himself, but by his personal
envoy, in this case, Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins CMF, prefect of the
Congregation in the Vatican canonization. Koncelebrant were Cardinal
Camillo Ruini , papal vicar of the Diocese of Rome, around 300 of the order's
sisters were present. Her memorial day is the day of death
29 April.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://stevenwood.com/reflections/franciscan/0429-26.htm">https://stevenwood.com/reflections/franciscan/0429-26.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>PERPETUAL ADORATION OF
THE BLESSED SACRAMENT, NUNS OF THE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(AP, Official Catholic
Directory #3190); a cloistered community of nuns with papal approbation,
dedicated to an apostolate of contemplative prayer, primarily through the
perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. The order was founded at Rome,
Italy, on July 8, 1807, by Mother <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/biblical-proper-names-biographies/mary-magdalene">Mary
Magdalene</a> of the Incarnation (Catalina Sordini Movizzo, 1770–1824), a
Franciscan sister from the convent on the island of Ischia in the bay of
Naples. The nuns, who take solemn vows, are engaged in constant prayer,
including the <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/literature-and-arts/performing-arts/music-history/divine-office">Divine
Office</a>, before the exposed Blessed Sacrament. In the U.S. they are located
in <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/el-paso">El
Paso</a>, Texas (1925), and <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/san-francisco">San
Francisco</a>, Calif. (1928). Worldwide, the congregation has houses in Spain,
Mexico, Chile and Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[J. H. McNeely]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/perpetual-adoration-blessed-sacrament-nuns">https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/perpetual-adoration-blessed-sacrament-nuns</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beata Maria
Maddalena dell'Incarnazione </b>(Caterina Sordini) Fondatrice<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/11/29">29 novembre</a> Porto Santo Stefano,
Grosseto, 17 aprile 1770 - Roma, 29 novembre 1824<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nasce a Porto Santo
Stefano, nel Grossetano, il 17 aprile 1779. A sedici anni Caterina Sordini,
promessa in sposa ad un marittimo di Sorrento, si oppone al matrimonio ed entra
nelle Terziarie Francescane di Ischia di Castro, nel Viterbese e riceve l'abito
religioso il 26 ottobre 1799. Cambia il nome in Maria Maddalena
dell'Incarnazione e nel Capitolo del 20 aprile 1802 viene eletta badessa a soli
32 anni. Si dedica al riordino economico della Casa e ad una restaurazione
della vita regolare delle Terziarie. L'8 luglio 1807 lascia Isola di Castro e
le Terziarie e con l'incoraggiamento di Pio VII inaugura a Roma la prima Casa
delle Adoratrici perpetue del Santissimo Sacramento. Durante l'occupazione
napoleonica di Roma, la congregazione viene sciolta e Maria Maddalena mandata
in esilio in Toscana. Qui incontra alcune giovani che tornano con lei a Roma
nel marzo del 1814. E proprio a Roma muore il 29 novembre 1824. È stata
beatificata il 3 maggio scorso in San Giovanni Laterano a Roma. (Avvenire)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bella, giovane, ricca: un
buon partito per molti. E lei nel 1787, poco più che sedicenne, dice di sì ad
un facoltoso padrone di bastimenti, che le promette una vita serena e
avventurosa. Prima di partire per un viaggio a Costantinopoli le fa anche dono
di un cofanetto di gioielli, quasi una promessa di matrimonio, e la ragazza è
ben contenta di farne sfoggio ad una messa domenicale. Peccato che in chiesa,
prima che da altri, venga notata da papà, che senza tanti complimenti la
rispedisce a casa con l’ordine di togliersi di dosso tutto quel ben di Dio. Il
papà, ricco commerciante che sa fare buon uso delle sue ricchezze e che è
specialista in beneficenza, l’ha allevata ad una fede salda, senza bigottismi e
senza smancerie, e lei, da irrequieta e turbolenta bambina, con il passare
degli anni è diventata riflessiva, devota e pia, anche se con una punta di
civetteria, propria dell’età. Arrivata a casa e, specchiandosi per vedersi
un’ultima volta con tutti i gioielli di cui è agghindata, invece della sua vede
riflessa l’immagine del Cristo nello strazio della passione. E’ una vista che
la folgora e che le fa capire, meglio ancora dei rimbrotti di papà, tutta la
vanità e l’inutilità della ricchezza, del lusso, dei miraggi che il mondo le
sta offrendo. Conseguenza logica di quella “visione” è posare i gioielli,
rompere il fidanzamento e, pochi mesi dopo, entrare nel Monastero delle
Terziarie Francescane di Ischia di Castro. Sembra un “colpo di testa”, perché
in monastero vi entra con un balzo, il giorno in cui papà lì l’accompagna per
una visita che, lui crede, dovrebbe essere di piacere. Invece papà deve tornare
a casa da solo, perché la figlia è passata al di là della grata, lasciandolo di
stucco. Con il nuovo nome di suor Maria Maddalena dell’Incarnazione, per 19
anni è una religiosa modello e, ad appena 32 anni, badessa di un monastero che
vive in povertà estrema e che lei riesce a far rifiorire. Il fatto è che
comincia anche a far miracoli, come quello del pugno di farina, moltiplicatasi
al punto da poter preparare pane per l’intera comunità e per più di 20 giorni.
Mentre cresce la fama della sua santità, lei sempre più chiaramente sente che
diversi sono i disegni di Dio su di lei. L’amore per l’Eucaristia, che le hanno
instillato in famiglia e che è cresciuto negli anni, la sta orientando a
fondare una nuova congregazione che abbia come carisma specifico l’adorazione
eucaristica in forma perpetua, come un lungo ininterrotto sostare davanti a
Gesù anche a nome di tutta l’ umanità. Questa volta, prima di concretizzarsi,
l’idea di suor Maria Maddalena ha una gestazione lunga, durante la quale lei si
preoccupa di raccogliere autorevoli consensi, “in primis” quello di papa Pio
VII e, ovviamente quello del suo illuminato direttore spirituale, che riesce a
trovare anche i benefattori necessari per la nuova istituzione. E con queste
indispensabili “firme” di Dio su quella che lei è convinta essere la sua vera vocazione,
il 31 maggio 1807 varca la soglia di una chiesa, posta praticamente all’ombra
del Quirinale, dove a quel tempo abitava il Papa. Comincia così l’adorazione
perpetua dell’Eucaristia di un paio di suore, che presto crescono di numero e
che oggi sono presenti in 90 monasteri diffusi in Europa, America e Africa. Non
solo: in questa turnazione davanti all’Eucaristia solennemente esposta per
tutto il giorno suor Maria Maddalena vuole coinvolti anche i laici, che si
moltiplicano dando continuità a questa perenne lode a Gesù Eucaristia. I tempi
sono politicamente torbidi, perquisiscono a più riprese il monastero,
addirittura la esiliano come soggetto pericoloso e disperdono le sue suore, ma
tutto viene arginato dalla sua fede e dal suo amore illimitato a Gesù
Eucaristia. Fino al 29 novembre 1824, quando la sua adorazione da perpetua
diventa eterna, nella festa senza fine del paradiso. Suor Maria Maddalena
dell’Incarnazione (Caterina Sordini) è stata beatificata a Roma lo scorso 3
maggio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Gianpiero
Pettiti<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Caterina Sordini nacque a
Porto Santo Stefano (Grosseto) il 17 aprile 1770; a 16 anni sembra che fosse
stata promessa in sposa ad un marittimo di Sorrento, Alfonso Capece, ma lei
declinò la scelta e dando seguito al suo desiderio, entrò fra le Terziarie
Francescane di Ischia di Castro (Viterbo), ricevendo l’abito religioso il 26
ottobre 1799.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ebbe come guida e padre spirituale don Giovanni Baldeschi e come spesso accade,
da questo profondo legame spirituale, Caterina ricavò l’ideale di fondare un
nuovo Istituto religioso dedito all’adorazione perpetua dell’Eucaristia, centro
e culmine di ogni vita cristiana.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel frattempo nel Capitolo del 20 aprile 1802 delle Terziarie Francescane, fu
eletta badessa a soli 32 anni; aveva cambiato il nome in Maria Maddalena
dell’Incarnazione, si dedicò ad un deciso riordinamento economico della casa e
ad una restaurazione della vita regolare delle Terziarie.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il periodo del suo governo fu accompagnato da una serie di fenomeni
straordinari e da un crescente fervore di vita spirituale, per cui in tutta la
zona si diffuse la fama della giovane badessa, la quale comunque non aveva mai
abbandonato l’ideale delle suore adoratici.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Con l’accordo del padre Baldeschi e del vescovo di Acquapendente, mons.
Pierleone, iniziò la stesura delle regole del nuovo Istituto. L’8 luglio 1807,
lasciò Isola di Castro e le Terziarie Francescane e con l’incoraggiamento di
Pio VII, inaugurò a Roma la prima casa delle “Adoratrici Perpetue del SS.
Sacramento” in un ex convento carmelitano alle Quattro Fontane.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Durante l’occupazione francese di Roma, la Congregazione fu sciolta
forzatamente in base alle leggi napoleoniche e Madre Maria Maddalena
dell’Incarnazione, fu mandata in esilio, prima a Porto Santo Stefano e poi a
Firenze.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ma in Toscana ebbe l’opportunità di conoscere alcune giovani, che costituirono
il gruppo iniziale delle nuove Adoratrici, quando queste poterono ritornare a
Roma in S. Anna al Quirinale, il 19 marzo 1814.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Quattro anno dopo, il 13 febbraio 1818, il papa Pio VII approvò definitivamente
l’Istituto, che ormai era dedito alla solenne e pubblica esposizione del SS.
Sacramento, con la continua adorazione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La Madre Fondatrice, morì a Roma il 29 novembre 1824, lasciando una fama di
santità e di fenomeni straordinari che l’avevano accompagnata in vita. Fu
sepolta in S. Anna al Quirinale, con il permesso del papa, che allora aveva la
sua residenza nel palazzo del Quirinale, ma nel 1839 le sue spoglie furono
traslate nella chiesa di S. Maria Maddalena a Monte Cavallo, nuova sede di Roma
delle Adoratrici Perpetue e contemporaneamente furono avviati i processi
canonici per la sua beatificazione, che ad oggi sono in fase avanzata.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La presenza delle suore è attualmente in Europa, America, Africa; solo in
Italia dopo Napoli e Roma che furono le prime, sono presenti in dodici case
(anno 2001).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Papa Giovanni Paolo II l'ha dichiarata "Venerabile" in data 24 aprile
2001. Benedetto XVI il 17 dicembre 2007 ha riconosciuto un miracolo attribuito
alla sua intercessione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 3 Maggio 2008 è avvenuta la celebrazione della beatificazione a Roma presso
la Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Autore: Antonio
Borrelli<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Caterina Sordini nasce a
Porto Santo Stefano (Grosseto), nel 1770. È una bambina fortunata, bellissima e
ricchissima. Quando ha sedici anni un proprietario di navi la chiede in sposa
offrendole una vita agiata e avventurosa, fatta di viaggi in luoghi lontani e
di ogni lusso. Un giorno le dona gioielli costosissimi che la bella Caterina,
vanitosa, sfoggia durante una Messa domenicale. Il padre, facoltoso
commerciante, ma anche molto religioso e sobrio, abituato a fare beneficenza,
non amante di chi ostenta le proprie ricchezze, ordina alla figlia di andare a
togliersi di dosso quei gioielli così appariscenti. Caterina obbedisce al
padre, ma prima di riporre quei preziosi che tanto le piacciono, desidera
ammirarli specchiandosi. Quale stupore quando invece del proprio volto la
ragazza vede l’immagine di Gesù sofferente. Non c’è altro da capire. Caterina
si toglie quei gioielli e riflette sulla sua vanità inutile.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Non si sposa più e decide di entrare in convento, tra le Terziarie Francescane,
a Ischia di Castro (Viterbo) lasciando di stucco la famiglia. Diventa suor
Maria Maddalena dell’Incarnazione e, dopo qualche anno, viene nominata badessa.
Grazie alle sue capacità il convento rifiorisce. In questo periodo si narra di
alcuni miracoli compiuti dalla suora come quella volta in cui moltiplica la
farina, tanto da non fare mancare il pane alle consorelle per quasi un mese.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 1807 Madre Maria Maddalena si reca a Roma dove, nell’ex Convento
carmelitano alle “Quattro Fontane”, fonda l’Istituto dell’Adorazione Perpetua
dell’Eucaristia, affinché non venga mai a mancare, 24 ore su 24, la preghiera e
la contemplazione rivolte all’ostia benedetta, che racchiude il corpo di Gesù.
In seguito all’invasione di Napoleone Bonaparte, Maria Maddalena viene esiliata
in Toscana. Dopo la caduta di Napoleone, la suora torna a Roma. Vicino al
Quirinale (dove a quei tempi dimorava il papa), nella Chiesa di Sant’Anna insedia
la Casa Madre della sua congregazione che si propagherà, fino ai giorni nostri,
dall’Italia in tutto il mondo: Europa, Africa, America. Madre Maria Maddalena
dell’Incarnazione muore a Roma nel 1824 dove il suo corpo riposa, presso la
chiesa del Monastero delle Adoratrici.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Mariella Lentini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91249/">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91249/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>María Magdalena de la
Encarnación (1770-1824)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nació en Porto Santo
Stefano (Italia) el 16 de abril de 1770, en el seno de una familia
fervientemente católica. Fue bautizada al día siguiente con los nombres de
Catalina María Francisca Antonia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Creció en un ambiente
impregnado de religiosidad ejemplar. Su padre, Lorenzo Sordini, promovió que en
la iglesia parroquial se expusiera a la veneración pública, en circunstancias
especiales, con espíritu de amor y reparación, el Santísimo Sacramento, como
por ejemplo el jueves de carnaval. Así, desde su adolescencia, Catalina pasaba
horas en adoración junto a Jesús sacramentado.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A los 17 años recibió una
propuesta de matrimonio de parte de Alfonso, joven de posición acomodada que le
regaló preciosas joyas. En una ocasión, adornada con ellas, al mirarse en un
espejo se le apareció el rostro doloroso de Jesús crucificado que la invitaba a
entregarse totalmente a él y le decía: "Catalina, ¿me abandonas por un
amor humano?". En febrero de 1788 ingresó en el monasterio de las
Terciarias Franciscanas de Ischia di Castro. Al vestir el hábito religioso tomó
el nombre de sor María Magdalena de la Encarnación.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 19 de febrero de 1789,
jueves de carnaval, en el refectorio vio a "Jesús como en un trono de
gracia en el Santísimo Sacramento, rodeado de vírgenes que lo adoraban" y
oyó una voz que le decía: "Te he elegido para instituir la obra de las
Adoratrices Perpetuas, que día y noche me ofrecerán su humilde adoración para
reparar las ofensas y las ingratitudes de la humanidad e impetrar gracias y
ayudas de mi divina misericordia". Aquel día se convirtió para ella en el
"día de la luz".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 20 de abril de 1802
fue elegida abadesa, cargo que ocupó hasta 1807, cuando, siguiendo la voluntad
de Dios que deseaba un nuevo instituto —y escritas las Constituciones—, se
trasladó a Roma, con algunas hermanas y la bendición de Pío VII, para fundar el
primer monasterio de las Adoratrices Perpetuas del Santísimo Sacramento, en el
convento de San Joaquín y Santa Ana, en Quattro Fontane. La fundación tuvo
lugar el 8 de julio de 1807. Por iniciativa suya la iglesia se abrió a la
adoración de los fieles laicos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gracias a su unión con
Dios cada vez más íntima, a su gran espíritu de fe y a su intensa oración en
tiempos muy difíciles, por la invasión de los franceses después de la
Revolución, logró realizar muchas obras, en beneficio del monasterio y también
de muchas personas que recurrían a ella.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La madre María Magdalena
profetizó al Papa Pío VII la deportación a Francia: "Pero no tenga miedo;
nadie le podrá perjudicar y volverá glorioso a Roma". También llegó la
cruz para las Adoratrices, en forma de supresión del instituto; y ella fue
exiliada a Florencia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Caído el régimen
napoleónico, en el año 1814 la madre volvió a Roma con algunas jóvenes
florentinas y el 18 de septiembre de 1817 vistió el nuevo hábito religioso, que
había visto en visión el "día de la luz": sayo blanco y escapulario
rojo, símbolos del candor virginal y del amor a Jesús crucificado y
eucarístico.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El 10 de marzo de 1818 la
Santa Sede reconoció oficialmente la congregación, que la madre María Magdalena
puso bajo el patrocinio de la Virgen de los Dolores.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Murió el 29 de noviembre
de 1824 en Roma, donde reposan sus restos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El instituto cuenta hoy
con más de noventa monasterios esparcidos por todo el mundo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/2008/ns_lit_doc_20080503_magdalena-encarnacion_sp.html">https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/2008/ns_lit_doc_20080503_magdalena-encarnacion_sp.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">MISA DE BEATIFICACIÓN</b></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">DE LA MADRE <a href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/2008/ns_lit_doc_20080503_magdalena-encarnacion_sp.html">MARÍA
MAGDALENA DE LA ENCARNACIÓN</a></b></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">HOMILÍA DEL CARDENAL JOSÉ
SARAIVA MARTINS</b></div><span style="line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">Basílica de San Juan de Letrán, Roma</b></div>
</b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Sábado 3 de mayo de 2008</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Queridos hermanos y
hermanas:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Como los primeros
discípulos, también nosotros elevamos nuestra mirada al cielo para contemplar
la gloria de Jesús, Maestro y Señor, y exultar.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En efecto, en Cristo que
asciende a los cielos está nuestra misma humanidad, la que asumió en la
Encarnación, y es elevada al máximo esplendor de su dignidad.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Por eso, nuestra
esperanza es una certeza, fundada en las tranquilizadoras palabras que
pronunció el Maestro durante la última Cena: "Padre, quiero que los que tú
me has dado estén también conmigo donde yo esté" (Jn 17, 24).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Así pues, los cristianos
son los que siguen a Jesús.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Si se analiza de forma
superficial e inmadura, esta expresión indica simplemente un modo de pensar y
de actuar: los cristianos son los que en su conducta de vida se inspiran en las
palabras y en el ejemplo de Cristo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pero, en un nivel más
profundo, en el nivel que han experimentado tantos creyentes y han testimoniado
los santos con su vida, la pertenencia a Cristo, el "seguimiento de
Cristo", implica mucho más: no se trata sólo de una relación entre el
discípulo y el maestro, una relación hecha de escucha, obediencia e imitación.
No. Se trata de un "injerto". Hemos sido injertados en Cristo como
los sarmientos en la vid; le pertenecemos de tal manera que somos los miembros
de su cuerpo, como nos ha recordado la segunda lectura, tomada de la carta
a los Efesios. Con su Ascensión Jesús da fundamento seguro y definitivo a
la esperanza a la que estamos llamados, al tesoro de gloria que
nos ha prometido y que es la herencia de los santos y elegidos de Dios, como
nos ha dicho san Pablo en esa misma carta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sin embargo, para los
Apóstoles, esta espera, esta certeza de estar un día con Cristo para siempre,
no debe ser motivo de desinterés o de inercia. Al contrario, la Ascensión marca
el inicio de la misión. Termina el camino terreno de Jesús y comienza el camino
de la Iglesia en la historia del mundo. La Ascensión inaugura el tiempo de la
Iglesia, y da inicio al tiempo de la maduración de la fe de los discípulos: en
definitiva, no se trata de instaurar una doctrina nueva, sino de instaurar el
seguimiento de Cristo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La Ascensión es la
gloriosa exaltación de Cristo, vencedor del mal y de la muerte.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Es un misterio que, en
primer lugar, se refiere a Jesús mismo. En efecto, en este acontecimiento él,
como Rey de reyes y Señor de señores (cf. Ap 17, 14), entra
definitivamente en su reino, se sienta en su trono a la derecha del Padre y
recibe de él todo poder.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El apóstol san Pablo
proclama que el poder de Cristo está por encima de todo, no sólo de la actual
realidad del universo, sino para siempre: "Bajo sus pies sometió todas la
cosas" (Ef 1, 22).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Por eso, él mismo dice a
sus discípulos: "Me ha sido dado todo poder en el cielo y en la tierra.
Id, pues..." (Mt 28, 18-19). La pequeña palabra "pues" es
importantísima, porque indica claramente que de esta fuerza de salvación brota
el valor y el significado de la presencia de los cristianos en el mundo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ahora la mirada vuelve a
dirigirse a la tierra, porque en la tierra deberá desarrollarse y realizarse el
proyecto de la redención: "Galileos, ¿qué hacéis ahí mirando al
cielo?" (Hch 1, 11), nos repiten los ángeles de la Ascensión, como
hemos escuchado en la primera lectura.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Esta es nuestra misión,
queridos hermanos: hemos sido enviados por el Señor al mundo para transformarlo,
para insertar en las realidades terrenas los gérmenes de su reino.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">En este proyecto de
transformación del mundo no estamos solos. En realidad, Jesús no nos abandona,
sino que permanece con nosotros.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ha resonado una vez más,
en medio de esta asamblea, la extraordinaria promesa de Jesús, su palabra más
dulce y consoladora: "No os dejo huérfanos" (cf. Jn 14,
18), "He aquí que yo estoy con vosotros todos los días hasta el fin del
mundo" (Mt 28, 20).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Jesús sigue estando
realmente presente en medio de nosotros como el Maestro que anuncia y explica
las Escrituras, el Siervo que se inclina para lavar nuestros pies, el Médico
que se compadece de nuestra fragilidad humana, el Pobre que nos pide respeto y
atención.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pero el grado máximo de
intensidad de su presencia entre nosotros se realiza en el sacramento de la
Eucaristía, en su doble aspecto de celebración y permanencia, porque en él no
sólo se encuentra la presencia real del Señor, sino también su presencia
"substancial": la substancia misma del pan y del vino, la fibra
íntima de su ser, se convierte en Jesús.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Es el anuncio más
conmovedor de un Amor que se da como alimento y de una transformación del mundo
que puede realizarse verdaderamente.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La nueva beata, María
Magdalena de la Encarnación, creyó firmemente en las palabras de Jesús,
compartió plenamente su mandato y se dejó implicar en el espléndido proyecto de
salvación que el Señor Jesús inauguró en la historia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Esta mujer, que hoy ha
sido elevada al honor de los altares, nos vuelve a presentar su testimonio de
fe en la presencia del Hijo de Dios en la vida de la Iglesia, centrada en la
Eucaristía.<br />
Fascinada por el misterio eucarístico, la madre María Magdalena le consagró
toda su vida transfigurándola en un acto de adoración.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Su gran misión, recibida
del Señor mismo, consistió en proponerse a sí misma, al instituto de las
Religiosas de la Adoración Perpetua del Santísimo Sacramento, por ella fundado,
y a la Iglesia entera, la experiencia de una adoración "perpetua":
del mismo modo que Jesús permanece en el sacramento también después de terminar
el momento celebrativo, así es necesario que nosotros permanezcamos con él. Por
tanto, se trata de una adoración que no ha de faltar nunca en la Iglesia, que
ha de nacer y prolongarse en el tiempo, para que la Hostia santa reine en el
mundo, para que triunfe públicamente y sea memoria perenne del amor de Dios a
los hombres, un fuego capaz de incendiar todos los rincones de la tierra.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Así se comprenden bien
las palabras de la madre Sordini: "Jesús, quisiera que todo el mundo te
amara, incluso a costa de mi vida".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La madre María Magdalena
nos enseña que del corazón de Jesús eucarístico brota misteriosamente una vida
nueva capaz de renovar al pueblo cristiano.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La beatificación de hoy atrae nuestra atención hacia la gracia extraordinaria,
que nos ha sido concedida, de estar en la presencia del Señor. En la carta
apostólica <a href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20010106_novo-millennio-ineunte_sp.html">Novo
millennio ineunte</a>, Juan Pablo II escribió: "nuestras comunidades
cristianas tienen que llegar a ser auténticas "escuelas" de
oración (...), una oración intensa, pero que no aparta del compromiso en
la historia: abriendo el corazón al amor de Dios, lo abre también al amor de
los hermanos, y capacita para construir la historia según el designio de
Dios" (n. 33).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La historia fascinante de
la madre María Magdalena de la Encarnación nos ayudará a evitar el lado débil
del apostolado, especialmente en este momento histórico particular, para no
perder nunca la convicción de la importancia fundamental e insustituible de la
oración; y, sobre todo, a reconocer a la Eucaristía su papel de fons et
culmen —fuente y cumbre— en nuestra vida de fe (cf. <a href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_sp.html">Lumen
gentium</a>, 11). La beata madre Sordini concebía sus monasterios como centros
de irradiación espiritual para la humanidad entera. En efecto, la adoración del
Pan eucarístico partido debe impulsar al cristiano, a su vez, a
"partir" su persona y a revolucionar su estilo de vida para
entregarse a sus hermanos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Así pues, la beata
Sordini, alma profundamente contemplativa, como por lo demás todos los santos,
no buscó una fuga ni una evasión de la realidad presente, sino un estímulo,
dirigido a nosotros, a esforzarnos al máximo por comportarnos como creyentes,
siempre y en todas partes, por actuar solícitamente como cristianos auténticos
en el seno de nuestra sociedad, por realizar en nuestro interior y en el mundo
el reino de Dios, que es reino de paz, de justicia, de santidad y de amor.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20080503_beatif-magdalena_sp.html">https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20080503_beatif-magdalena_sp.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir auss</b>i : <a href="https://www.parrocchieportosantostefano.it/Attivita_Pastorali/Ricordi/2014/2_Leccio/Beata.html">https://www.parrocchieportosantostefano.it/Attivita_Pastorali/Ricordi/2014/2_Leccio/Beata.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.iltirreno.it/grosseto/cronaca/2010/09/16/news/la-vita-della-suora-di-porto-santo-stefano-diventa-un-film-interpretato-dagli-argentarini-1.2064369">https://www.iltirreno.it/grosseto/cronaca/2010/09/16/news/la-vita-della-suora-di-porto-santo-stefano-diventa-un-film-interpretato-dagli-argentarini-1.2064369</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-maddalena-dell-incarnazione.html">https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/maria-maddalena-dell-incarnazione.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.perpetualadorationsisters.org/about-us">https://www.perpetualadorationsisters.org/about-us</a></span></p><p></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-37526919417143825552023-11-27T03:53:00.000-08:002023-11-27T03:53:18.895-08:00Saint ANSCHAIRE de NOYON et de TOURNAI, évêque<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Haspres_(Nord%2C_Fr)_%C3%A9glise%2C_vitrail_Saint_Achaire.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Haspres_(Nord%2C_Fr)_%C3%A9glise%2C_vitrail_Saint_Achaire.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Haspres
(Nord, Fr) église, vitrail de Saint Achaire<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saint Anschaire de Noyon<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Évêque (+ 639)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">ou Achaire.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il entra très tôt au monastère de Luxeuil, fondé par saint <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/121/Saint-Colomban.html" title="Saint Colomban, Abbé de Luxeuil et de Bobbio (+ 615)">Colomban</a>.
C'est là que sa renommée le fit choisir comme évêque de Noyon, diocèse qui
s'étendait jusqu'à Tournai en Belgique. Il se fit aider par saint <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/577/Saint-Amand-d-Elnone.html" title="Saint Amand d'Elnone, Evêque de Maastricht (+ 679)">Amand</a> qu'il
avait réconcilié avec le roi Dagobert. Il se fit humble et petit pour instruire
et gagner au Christ les habitants des campagnes.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
A lire aussi: Saint Achaire (Acharius) (vers 569 - vers 640) Moine au monastère
de Luxeuil - Evêque de Noyon Tournai. (site internet des <a href="http://www.amisaintcolomban.org/attachments/File/Patrimoine_colombanien/saints/2_Achaire.pdf" target="_blank">amis de saint Colomban</a>)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Noyon, vers 640, saint Achaire, évêque. D'abord moine à Luxeuil, il fut élu
évêque de Noyon et de Tournai, et montra un grand zèle pour évangéliser les
peuples du nord.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/134/Saint-Anschaire-de-Noyon.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/134/Saint-Anschaire-de-Noyon.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Haspres_(Nord%2C_Fr)_%C3%A9glise%2C_buste_Saint_Achaire.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Haspres_(Nord%2C_Fr)_%C3%A9glise%2C_buste_Saint_Achaire.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Buste
de Saint Achaire, Haspres (Nord, Fr), église<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Acharius of Tournai"><b>Saint Acharius of Tournai</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Acharius of Noyon<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Acharius of Luxeuil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Achaire of….<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/27-november">27 November</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-monks">Monk</a> at <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/luxeuil-abbey">Luxeuil Abbey</a> in
Burgundy (in modern <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-france">France</a>)
under the direction of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/saints">Saint</a> Eustace. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-bishops">Bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-noyon-france">Noyon</a>–<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-tournai-belgium">Tournai</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/time-line-621">621</a>. Helped
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-missionaries">missionary</a> work
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/saint-amand-of-maastricht">Amandus
of Maastricht</a>. Worked to have <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/saints">Saint</a> Omen
named <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a> of
Thérouanne.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/patrons-of-dying-people">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/time-line-640">640</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0385515200?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=0385515200&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Dictionary of Saints</a>, by John Delaney<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1098" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613081436/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologiojuliodiciembre.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79480" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>websites
in nederlandse</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/11/27/11-27-0640-acharius.php" target="_blank">Heiligen 3s</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Acharius of
Tournai“. CatholicSaints.Info. 2 May 2022. Web. 26 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-acharius/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">St. Acharius<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> November 27<br />
Death: 640<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=8107">monk</a> and <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=1918">bishop</a> who
was instrumental in encouraging other holy men in his era. Acharius
served <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=872">St.
Eustace</a> in a monastery in Luxeuil, <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=4817">France</a> and
soon gained a reputation for <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5813">holiness</a> and
administrative abilities. As a result, he was appointed the <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=1918">bishop</a> of
Noyon-Tournai in 621. There he aided <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1301">St. Amandus</a> in
his missionary labors and worked to have <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4906">St. Omer</a> named
as <a href="https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=1918">bishop</a> of
Therouanne.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1098">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1098</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Acario di
Noyon e Tournai</b> Vescovo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/11/27">27 novembre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Etimologia: Acario =
Acharius, dal latino (tratto dall'aggettivo Acharis,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Noyon in Francia, sant’Acario, vescovo, che, eletto alle Chiese
di Noyon e Tournai dopo essere stato monaco a Luxeuil, si diede
all’evangelizzazione delle popolazioni delle regioni settentrionali.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nel medioevo quando, in
Francia, si voleva indicare una persona con un tocchetto di follia si soleva
affermare che era affetta dal mal monsieur sainct Aquaire. Ai nostri giorni si
usa, sempre oltralpe, l’espressione acariâtre allorché ci si intende riferire
ad uno scontroso, ad un carattere difficile. Entrambi quei modi di dire hanno a
che fare con Sant ‘Acario o Aicaro o Aicardo, in quanto egli viene invocato per
un favorevole intervento su tali persone.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il santo fu dapprima monaco a Luxeuil nel nord della Franca Contea, una
storica regione che ha per capitale Besançon e confina in larga parte con la
Svizzera. Successivamente venne ordinato vescovo e destinato alla sede
episcopale di Noyon e Tournai, due città che si trovano oggi l’una, dove nel
1509 nacque Calvino, in territorio francese e l’altra in Belgio ad appena nove
chilometri dal confine, ben ristrutturata dopo i massicci bombardamenti durante
la seconda guerra mondiale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Come vescovo fu molto attivo sia nel campo religioso sia nel campo
politico-sociale, ottenendo particolare stima dal figlio di Clotario Il,
Digoberto I il Grande, abilissimo re dei Franchi fino alla propria morte nel
638. Questo rapporto permise ad Acario di potere ottenere consensi ad alcune
proposte relative alla organizzazione episcopale della regione. Strinse
amicizie con Sant’Alberto, vescovo di Cambrai e con Sant’Audoberto, vescovo di
Thérouanne, affrontando alcune problematiche strettamente religiose di quei
tempi. Grande fu la sua attenzione nei riguardi delle missioni in una Europa
ancora poco cristianizzata ed in tal senso sostenne gli sforzi del vescovo di
Maastricht, divenuto poi Sant ‘Amando.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Con tutte quelle importanti relazioni Acario ebbe modo quindi di
confrontarsi con persone dai caratteri più diversi. Non è detto che non ne
incontrasse anche di quelli ai limiti della cosiddetta normalità o addirittura
ben al di là del suo confine. Quale preciso rapporto vi sia con il patronato
verso questi ultimi è difficile da stabilire.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
II vescovo Acario morì nel 640. Venne ben presto venerato soprattutto in
Belgio, nella Francia settentrionale e nella Franca Contea. Le sue reliquie
furono conservate per secoli in una chiesa appena fuori dalle mura di Noyon.
Scomparvero però, un caso fra i tanti, durante la Rivoluzione francese.<br />
Viene festeggiato il 27 novembre.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Mario Benatti<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79480">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79480</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Acharius (ook Achaire) van
Doornik, België (ook van Noyon, Frankrijk); bisschop; † ca 640.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Feest 27 november.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Toen hij rond 626
bisschop Evrold opvolgde als bisschop van Doornik en Noyon, was hij monnik in
Luxeuil onder abt Eustasius († 629; feest 29 maart). Dat was gesticht door
Columbanus († 615; feest 23 november) en bleek een broedplaats van bisschoppen
en abten voor de nieuwe kerkvestigingen en kloosterstichtingen in het
West-Europa van de 6e, 7e en 8e eeuw. Volgens sommigen was hij het die de
bisschopszetel van St-Quentin overbracht naar Noyon en de bisdommen van Doornik
en Noyon met elkaar fuseerde.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Er zijn er ook die menen
dat deze maatregel op naam staat van Sint Medard († ca 560; feest 8 juni).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Van Sint Acharius is geen
levensbeschrijving overgeleverd, zodat we niet veel over hem weten. Hij was
aanwezig op de bisschoppenvergadering van Clichy in 627, en in 633 bij de
bisschopswijding van Autbertus van Kamerijk († 669; feest 13 december). In
637/38 is hij medeondertekenaar van het contract waarin bisschop Burgundofarus
(of Faro: † 675; feest 28 oktober) van Meaux de privileges vastlegt voor de
abdij van Rebais.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Hij behoort tot de oudste geloofsverkondigers van België en Noord-Frankrijk.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
Na zijn dood werd hij begraven in de St-Godebertuskerk te Noyon en opgevolgd
door St Eligius († 660; feest 1 december).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.heiligen-3s.nl/voet_bronnen.php">Bronnen</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
[Bri.1953; Bvl.1987p:8-9; Lin.1999; Pra.1988; Dries van den Akker
s.j./2008.02.10]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">© A. van den Akker
s.j.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/11/27/11-27-0640-acharius.php">https://www.heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/11/27/11-27-0640-acharius.php</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi</b> : <a href="https://www.amisaintcolomban.org/attachments/File/Patrimoine_colombanien/saints/2_Achaire.pdf">https://www.amisaintcolomban.org/attachments/File/Patrimoine_colombanien/saints/2_Achaire.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://jumieges.free.fr/jumieges_haspres.html">http://jumieges.free.fr/jumieges_haspres.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://orthodoxievco.net/ecrits/vies/synaxair/novembre/achaire.pdf">http://orthodoxievco.net/ecrits/vies/synaxair/novembre/achaire.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.touteslesprieres.com/priere-1306-invocation-a-saint-achaire-de-noyon-contre-les-personnes-jalouses-acerbes-et-vindicatives.html">https://www.touteslesprieres.com/priere-1306-invocation-a-saint-achaire-de-noyon-contre-les-personnes-jalouses-acerbes-et-vindicatives.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.paroisse-mouscron.be/saint-achaire-eveque-de-tournai-et-sa-chapelle/">https://www.paroisse-mouscron.be/saint-achaire-eveque-de-tournai-et-sa-chapelle/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-76887698529712654702023-11-21T04:16:00.000-08:002023-11-26T07:59:07.865-08:00Bienheureuse CLELIA MERLONI, religieuse et fondatrice de l'Institut de l'Apostolat du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Clelia_Merloni.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="573" height="312" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Clelia_Merloni.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">Photograph
of Clelia Merloni, 30 May 1894 (<a href="http://heroinasdacristandade.blogspot.com/2018/11/beata-clelia-merloni-fundadora-21-de.html">http://heroinasdacristandade.blogspot.com/2018/11/beata-clelia-merloni-fundadora-21-de.html</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Clelia
Merloni</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fondatrice italienne de
l'Institut de l'Apostolat du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus (+ 1930)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">- <a href="http://www.causesanti.va/content/causadeisanti/it/beati/beatificazioni-di-papa-francesco.html" target="_blank">béatification le 3 novembre 2018 à Rome</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- reconnaissance d'un miracle obtenu par son intercession: Promulgazione di
Decreti della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, 27.01.2018, <a href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/01/27/0076/00153.html" target="_blank">en italien</a>, <a href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/01/27/180127c.html" target="_blank">en anglais</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2016/12/22/0929/02063.html" target="_blank">décret du 21 décembre 2016</a> (en italien) Étape
vers la béatification promulguée par le décret du 21 décembre 2016,
reconnaissance de vertu héroïque pour Clelia Merloni, Fondatrice italienne de
l'Institut de l'Apostolat du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus (1861-1930)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Née le 10 mars 1861 et morte le 21 novembre 1930.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L'institut des Apôtres du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus a été fondé en Viareggio (Lucca),
en 1894 par Mère Clélia Merloni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Religieuses qui choisissent le Cœur du Christ pour l'ensemble de leur vie et
pour en répandre l'amour et la dévotion, à l'imitation des Apôtres. Les Apôtres
témoignent de l'amour du Christ dans les paroisses, dans les écoles
maternelles, dans les écoles, dans les hôpitaux et dans la mission, en se
concentrant en particulier sur les pauvres, les malades, les personnes âgées et
les personnes handicapées - et en tirer la force du Cœur de Jésus "seul
navire que la tempête ne peut faire capoter".</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En italien:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="http://www.santantonioviareggio.it/parrocchia/apostole-del-sacro-cuore-di-gesu/beata-clelia-merloni/" target="_blank">Clelia Merloni - parrocchia di Sant'Antonio di Viareggio</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="https://www.ascjroma.org/internacional/" target="_blank">Apostole
del Sacro Cuore di Gesù</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- <a href="https://www.ascjroma.org/internacional/pagina/91-la-nostra-fondatrice" target="_blank">la fondatrice</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13161/Bienheureuse-Clelia-Merloni.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/13161/Bienheureuse-Clelia-Merloni.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Bienheureuse Clélia
Merloni, "une religieuse qui ne regardait que Dieu"</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Homélie du card. Becciu
pour la béatification (Traduction intégrale)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">NOVEMBRE 05, 2018 11:16<a href="https://fr.zenit.org/author/oceanele-gall/" title="View all posts by Océane Le Gall">OCÉANE LE GALL</a><a href="https://fr.zenit.org/category/rome/causes-of-saints/">CAUSES DES SAINTS</a>, <a href="https://fr.zenit.org/category/church-and-world/local-church/">EGLISES
LOCALES</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mère <a href="https://fr.zenit.org/articles/un-miracle-attribue-a-la-priere-dune-religieuse-italienne-clelia-merloni/">Clelia
Merloni</a> (1861-1930) « était une religieuse qui ne regardait que
Dieu ; sa devise était « Dieu seul ». Dieu avant tout et par-dessus
tout » : c’est ce qu’a souligné le cardinal Angelo Becciu, préfet de la
Congrégation pour les causes des saints, lors de la béatification de la
fondatrice des Apôtres du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Au cours de la célébration qui a eu lieu dans la basilique papale de Saint
Jean-du-Latran, le 3 novembre 2018, le cardinal Becciu a assuré que pour la
bienheureuse italienne, « il valait la peine de le choisir comme unique
Idéal de vie et s’en remettre à Lui seul, surtout à la lumière de l’expérience,
vécue sur sa propre chair, de l’effondrement de tant de certitudes
humaines ».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
« Précisément parce qu’elle était une femme qui se donnait totalement à
Dieu, a ajouté le préfet du dicastère, elle était une femme qui se donnait
entièrement à ses frères et sœurs, surtout les petits, les pauvres, les
simples, les sans défense. Son amour pour Dieu ne pouvait que se refléter et
s’incarner dans son amour pour l’homme, image vivante et palpitante de
Dieu. Son cœur était ouvert à tous, surtout aux malades et aux souffrants. »</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Voici notre traduction de l’homélie prononcée par le cardinal Becciu.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
AK</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Homélie du card. Becciu</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chers frères et sœurs,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La parole de Dieu qui a été proclamée nous aide à saisir le cœur de
l’expérience humaine et chrétienne de la bienheureuse Clélia Merloni, car elle
souligne les éléments essentiels de son « visage » spirituel. C’est
le visage d’une femme dont l’existence a été marquée de façon impressionnante
par la souffrance et les tribulations : la croix a été le sceau de toute sa vie
! Mais son regard, surtout à l’heure de l’épreuve, était toujours tourné vers
Dieu.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’apôtre Paul, dans la seconde lecture, s’adresse aux chrétiens de Corinthe,
désignant l’amour comme le « chemin par excellence » pour obtenir les
dons les plus grands (cf. 1 Co 12, 31), et affirme : « L’amour prend
patience, l’amour rend service, l’amour ne jalouse pas,[…] il ne s’emporte
pas ; il n’entretient pas de rancune [….]. il supporte tout, il fait
confiance en tout, il espère tout, il endure tout » (Ibid. 13, 4-7). Pour
sa part, l’évangéliste Luc met dans la bouche de Jésus ces paroles :
« Aimez vos ennemis, faites du bien à ceux qui vous haïssent » (Lc
6,27).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ces exhortations semblent trouver une nouvelle actualité dans la vie de Mère
Clélia, qui les a fait siennes de façon radicale, surtout lorsqu’elle a été
frappée par des calomnies qui ont déterminé sa destitution du gouvernement puis
de l’Institut qu’elle avait elle-même fondé. Ce fut la période de son calvaire.
Un calvaire personnel dur et minant, fait de solitude et d’isolement,
d’affaiblissement physique et de difficultés, jusqu’à la limite du désespoir.
Ce fut le moment de sa rencontre avec son Époux, Jésus Crucifié. Comment en
effet ne pas l’assimiler à Celui qui, sur la croix, a souffert l’abandon, le
mépris, l’ignominie, l’échec, le dépouillement de toute dignité humaine ? La
bienheureuse Clélia, à l’exemple de Marie restée ferme et inébranlable au pied
de la Croix, n’a pas douté de sa foi en Dieu, en Celui qui n’abandonne jamais
ses enfants en toute saison de leur existence, surtout à l’heure douloureuse,
souvent inextricable à comprendre et difficile à accepter.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Clélia a partagé la blessure du Cœur de Jésus, répondant avec amour à
l’hostilité et au mépris. Au pied du Tabernacle, elle déposait toute
contrariété : c’était son point d’appui. Devant le Cœur de Jésus, elle
reconnaissait sa volonté de se réconcilier avec tous, trouvant la force
de pardonner à tous ceux qui la persécutaient. Bien qu’ayant un
caractère fort, elle fit preuve d’une tendresse extraordinaire, oubliant les
offenses subies, et témoignant ainsi de la puissance de l’amour, un amour
toujours vainqueur, qui ne s’emporte pas, n’entretient pas de rancune, qui
excuse tout, supporte tout. Elle ne parlait jamais au détriment de qui que ce
soit, même de toutes ces personnes, spécialement dans sa Congrégation, qui lui
étaient hostiles ; elle embrassait les souffrances, les offrant au Seigneur et
voyant en elles toutes les facettes de l’Amour de Dieu à son égard.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ainsi, par sa vie donnée en oblation totale, elle fut la fondatrice des Apôtres
du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus, témoignant dans sa chair le charisme de l’Institut. Un
charisme actuel et fascinant : s’offrir totalement et joyeusement au Cœur de
Jésus pour être un signe vivant et crédible de l’amour de Dieu pour l’humanité.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le centre de sa foi est toujours resté le Christ, rencontré surtout dans le
mystère eucharistique, dans les longues heures passées dans la chapelle, même
la nuit et malade. Un témoin raconte : « Après de graves événements, elle
se réfugiait dans la chapelle et beaucoup de sœurs âgées qui la voyaient
rapportent qu’il fallait la secouer pour qu’elle réponde car elle tombait dans
la contemplation de Dieu et en Lui s’arrêtait comme dans une extase
profonde » (Informatio, 67).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Cette centralité eucharistique se reflétait dans l’attention qu’elle portait au
décor de l’autel, à celui des fonctions liturgiques, à la décoration des
églises, les jours de fête, spécialement à l’attention des prêtres, les
ministres de l’autel, pour lesquels elle priait tout spécialement, surtout pour
ceux qui étaient en crise.<br />
C’était une religieuse qui ne regardait que Dieu ; sa devise était « Dieu
seul ». Dieu avant tout et par-dessus tout. Il valait la peine de le
choisir comme unique Idéal de vie et s’en remettre à Lui seul, surtout à la
lumière de l’expérience, vécue sur sa propre chair, de l’effondrement de tant
de certitudes humaines. Bien à raison elle pouvait recommander à ses consoeurs
: « Imprime dans ton cœur que Dieu seul est ton unique bien et ton unique
refuge ».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Toute avec Dieu et uniquement à Lui, elle savoura sa présence continue, plongée
dans le surnaturel, au point qu’elle fut transformée en « flamme
d’amour ».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En effet, la bienheureuse Clélia vivait une vie de prière contemplative intense
et constante. Les témoignages s’accordent pour dire qu’elle priait
continuellement, le regard fixé sur Dieu, scrutant sa Parole et tissant sa
prière avec toutes ses actions : sa vie était devenue prière. Elle était
tellement attachée à la prière que son union intérieure avec Dieu l’amenait à
sauter des repas. « Quand on lui demandait : Mère, comment pouvez-vous
vivre sans manger ? », elle répondait que son repas était la
prière » (Informatio,35).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mais voici un autre trait du visage spirituel de la bienheureuse Clélia Merloni
: précisément parce qu’elle était une femme qui se donnait totalement à Dieu,
elle était une femme qui se donnait entièrement à ses frères et sœurs, surtout
les petits, les pauvres, les simples, les sans défense. Son amour pour Dieu ne
pouvait que se refléter et s’incarner dans son amour pour l’homme, image
vivante et palpitante de Dieu. Son cœur était ouvert à tous, surtout aux
malades et aux souffrants ; elle savait s’approprier le besoin des autres,
jusqu’à se priver souvent de ce qui lui était nécessaire ; elle manifestait
toujours une tendresse particulière, une compassion innée pour toutes sortes de
souffrances, pour lesquelles elle se soumettait à tout inconfort et fatigue,
éteignant cette soif de charité et de zèle qui brûlait en elle. Dans ses œuvres
de charité, elle ne connaissait pas de limites et s’identifiait pleinement aux
problèmes des autres ; ceux qui vivaient à côté d’elle affirment : « Si
elle voyait une personne dans le besoin et ne pouvait l’aider, elle se sentait
en échec par rapport à cette douleur. Face à la charité, elle ne comprenait
rien » (Informatio,53).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chers frères et soeurs, les Saints et les Bienheureux sont pour nous des
messages vivants et vécus de Dieu. C’est pourquoi l’Église nous les propose
comme exemples à vénérer et à imiter. Ouvrons-nous donc au message que la
bienheureuse Clélia Merloni nous transmet si clairement à travers sa vie et ses
œuvres. Ses souffrances morales ont fait d’elle une femme forte et courageuse
qui a su témoigner l’amour de Jésus en toutes circonstances. S’unir au Cœur de
Jésus transpercé et vouloir vivre la passion du Christ implique la conscience
que l’étreinte de la Croix est une condition essentielle pour faire jaillir la
vie autour de nous et ne pas laisser la mort l’emporter sur elle, la haine
l’emporter sur l’amour, la division sur la communion. En effet, la bienheureuse
n’a jamais baissé les bras face aux outrages et aux calomnies de toutes sortes.
Elle a réagi en répandant l’amour partout, surtout envers les plus faibles et
les plus défavorisés, et en œuvrant pour les soins et l’éducation religieuse
des jeunes générations. Pas seulement. Elle a su aussi partager son ardent
désir d’amour de Dieu et de ses frères et sœurs avec d’autres camarades avec
lesquelles elle a commencé d’une manière originale une expérience de vie
religieuse consacrée au Sacré-Cœur, où la prière et la souffrance sont devenues
des éléments essentiels de leur charisme. Ces dimensions n’ont jamais manqué
dans l’existence de la bienheureuse. Avec elles, elle a grandi et gouverné
l’Institut, laissant en héritage à l’Église une interprétation très actuelle du
sens de l’autorité comme autorité dans le don et l’amour.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chères Apôtres du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus, nous nous réjouissons aujourd’hui avec
vous de voir Mère Clélia inscrite parmi les bienheureuses. Nous vous demandons
d’entretenir la flamme de son charisme et surtout sa spiritualité oblative,
dont le pivot est l’amour qui supporte et pardonne tout. La mission pour
laquelle votre Famille religieuse a été fondée est toujours actuelle. La devise
de votre Institut, Caritas Christi urget nos – l’Amour du Christ nous
pousse – vous engage à faire vôtres ces paroles de saint Paul, en irradiant
l’amour sans arrêt et sans limites.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Demandons au Seigneur que le chemin de sainteté, que Mère Clélia Merloni nous a
montré par sa vie soutenue par son amour pour la Croix, devienne chaque jour le
chemin lumineux et sûr de notre chemin d’amour pour Dieu et pour nos frères.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Répétons ensemble: Bienheureuse Clélia Merloni, prie pour nous!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Traduction de Zenit, Océane Le Gall<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://fr.zenit.org/2018/11/05/bienheureuse-clelia-merloni-une-religieuse-qui-ne-regardait-que-dieu/">https://fr.zenit.org/2018/11/05/bienheureuse-clelia-merloni-une-religieuse-qui-ne-regardait-que-dieu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mère
Clelia Merloni, apôtre du Sacré Coeur<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">En 1894, Clelia Merloni
fonde à Viareggio une communauté religieuse pour la dévotion au Sacré Coeur,
qui se consacre à l’apostolat scolaire. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La vie de Clelia fut un
calvaire: un prêtre dissipa les biens de sa congrégation et suite à des
accusations injustes, sa charge de supérieure générale lui fut retirée. Plus
tard, elle demandera même à sortir de sa propre congrégation pour ainsi apaiser
les tensions entre les soeurs. C’est seulement deux ans avant sa mort, survenue
en 1930, que Clelia obtiendra finalement la permission du Saint-Siège de retourner
dans son institut, où elle mènera une vie cachée et consacrée à la prière.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lors de l’exhumation de
son corps (avant sa béatification en 2018), ce dernier fut retrouvé intact sans
aucune explication scientifique. Les reliques sont désormais exposées à la
vénération des fidèles dans la chapelle de la Maison Mère à Rome qui se trouve
tout près de l’Eglise Sainte-Croix-de-Jérusalem.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.rinascita.education/fr/bienheureuse-clelia-merloni/">https://www.rinascita.education/fr/bienheureuse-clelia-merloni/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/" title="Permanent Link to Blessed Clelia Merloni"><b>Blessed Clelia Merloni</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/21-november">21
November</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The daughter of
Gioacchino Merloni, a wealthy and influential industrialist, and Teresa
Brandinelli; Clelia was <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/baptism">baptized</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/diocese">diocesan</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/cathedral">cathedral</a> of
Santa Croce in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/diocese-of-forli-italy">Forli</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> when
she was only a few hours old. Her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-mothers">mother</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">died</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1864">1864</a> when
Clelia was only 3 years old; her maternal <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-grandparents">grandmother</a> and
her step-mother, Maria Giovanna Boeri who <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/matrimony">married</a> Gioacchino
in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1866">1866</a>,
raised her to be a pious <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-girls">girl</a> with
a good <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-students">education</a>.
Her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-fathers">father</a> became
so involved in succeeding in business that he became openly hostile to religion
in general, joined the Freemasons, and became specifically <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/anti-">anti</a>–<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/christianity">Catholic</a>.
He planned to have Clelia follow him into business, but she was drawn to
religious life which led to family strife as he blamed the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-women">women</a> in
the family for turning Clelia against him. Clelia responded by praying for him
and doing penance in reparation of her <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-fathers">father</a>‘s
actions. He was reconciled to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/christianity">faith</a> before
his <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-against-the-death-of-parents">death</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1885">1885</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Freed from her family
obligations, Clelia joined the Figlie di Santa Maria della Divina
Provvidenza (Daughters of Holy Mary of the Divine Providence). In
religious life, she felt a calling to start a congregation devoted to the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/sacred-heart-of-jesus">Sacred
Heart of Jesus</a>, and eventually founded the Apostole del Sacro Cuore di
Gesù (Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-viarregio">Viareggio</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/30-may">30 May</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1894">1894</a>.
Internal disputes, including corruption and theft by Clelia’s finance
administrator, led to her leaving the order in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1896">1896</a>;
the adminstrator was a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-priests">priest</a>,
and Clelia refused to bring in civil authorities for fear of causing scandal
and stirring up <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/anti-">anti</a>–<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/christianity">Catholic</a> sentiment.
But on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/10-june">10
June</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1900">1900</a>,
with the approval and support of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/blessed">Blessed</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/saint-giovanni-battista-scalabrini">Giovanni
Battista Scalabrini</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/diocese-of-piacenza-italy">Piacenza</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>,
she returned to religious life, was accepted back into the Apostles, and
helped set them up on their new work as <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-missionaries">missionaries</a> to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-brazil">Brazil</a>.
Following the loss of support caused by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-dying-people">death</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-bishops">bishop</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/saint-giovanni-battista-scalabrini">Scalabrini</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1905">1905</a>,
the internal strife in the Apostles erupted again, support of Clelia
declined, and in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1911">1911</a> she
was replaced as Superior General by the Vatican. Clelia withdrew from public
life, and in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1916">1916</a> received
dispensation to be released from her religious vows. However, late in life she
requested to re-enter religious life, and on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/7-march">7 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1928">1928</a> became
a simple sister in the Apostles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Apostles, whose
motto is “The Love of Christ Impels Us”, continue their good work today with
1,200 sisters based in 195 houses in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-chile">Chile</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-uruguay">Uruguay</a>,
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-the-united-states">United
States</a>, Mozambique, Benin, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-albania">Albania</a>,
Taiwan and the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-the-philippines">Philippines</a>,
focusing primarily on <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-teachers">education</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Born</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/10-march">10 March</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1861">1861</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-forli-italy">Forli</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Died</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/21-november">21
November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1930">1930</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a> of
natural causes<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-gravediggers">buried</a> at
Campo Verano <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-cemetery-workers">cemetery</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">following the destruction
of the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-cemetery-workers">cemetery</a> during
World War II, Mother Clelia was re-<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-gravediggers">interred</a> in
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/chapel">chapel</a> of
the Motherhouse of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1945">1945</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/venerable">Venerated</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/21-december">21
December</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-2016">2016</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/pope-francis">Francis</a> (decree
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/heroic-virtues">heroic
virtues</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/beatification">Beatified</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/3-november">3 November</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-2018">2018</a> by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-popes">Pope</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/pope-francis">Francis</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/beatification">beatification</a> recognition
celebrated at the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/basilica">Basilica</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/basilica-of-saint-john-lateran">Saint
John Lateran</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-rome-italy">Rome</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a>,
presided by <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/cardinal">Cardinal</a> Giovanni
Angelo Becciu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/beatification">beatification</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/miracle">miracle</a> involved
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-healers">cure</a> of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-brazil">Brazilian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-physicians">physician</a> Pedro
Ângelo of Landry’s <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-paralyzed-people">paralysis</a> or
Guillian-Barré syndrome, in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/time-line-1951">1951</a>;
Ângelo had reached the point where he could barely swallow, and his condition
was considered <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-dying-people">fatal</a>;
he was completely <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-healers">cured</a> after
a combination of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/prayer">prayer</a> and
drinking from a cup of water in which a <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/relics">relic</a> of
Merloni (a piece of fabric from her veil) had been placed<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/patrons-of-the-apostles-of-the-sacred-heart-of-jesus">Apostles
of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.ascjus.org/Our_Foundress" target="_blank">Apostles of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1930.htm" target="_blank">Hagiography
Circle</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.courant.com/community/hartford/hc-news-hamden-clelia-merloni-beatification-20180129-story.html" target="_blank">Hartford Courant</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://madreclelia.org/en/" target="_blank">Madre Clelia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/181103c.html" target="_blank">Vatican Press Office</a>: Homily of the Prefect of the
Congregation for the Causes of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/saints">Saints</a> during
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/mass">Mass</a> for
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/beatification">Beatification</a> of
Clelia Merloni<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clelia_Merloni" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>:
Clelia Merloni<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>: Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cl%C3%A9lia_Merloni" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>video</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5_ax08Z6UX8_Vm7NxOhPZX-NQwuzGVd_" target="_blank">YouTube PlayList</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://madreclelia.org/es/" target="_blank">Madre Clelia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
en français</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clelia_Merloni" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>siti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.ascj.net/" target="_blank">Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116221819/http:/www.webdiocesi.chiesacattolica.it/triveneto/trento/00021451_Apostole_del_S._Cuore_di_Gesu.html" target="_blank">Arcodiocesi di Trento</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.causesanti.va/it/archivio-della-congregazione-cause-santi/promulgazione-di-decreti/decreti-pubblicati-nel-2018.html" target="_blank">Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.diocesiforli.it/-hcDocumento/id/2697/madre-clelia-merloni-fondatrice-delle-apostole-del-sacro-cuore-e-venerabile.html" target="_blank">Diocesi di Forli-Bertinoro</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.forlitoday.it/cronaca/madre-clelia-merloni-beata-annuncio.html" target="_blank">Forli Today</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.sacrocuoreavezzano.com/madre-clelia-merloni/" target="_blank">Istituto
Scolastico Paritario de Sacro Cuore, Avezzano</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://madreclelia.org/it/" target="_blank">Madre Clelia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180901103048/http:/santantonioviareggio.it/clelia-merloni-la-fondatrice/" target="_blank">Parrocchia Sant’Antonio Viareggio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/96068.html" target="_blank">Santi e
Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clelia_Merloni" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sites
em português</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://madreclelia.org/pt/" target="_blank">Madre Clelia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Blessed Clelia
Merloni“. CatholicSaints.Info. 31 August 2021. Web. 20 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-clelia-merloni/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Homily of the Prefect of
the Congregation for the Causes of Saints during the Mass for the Beatification
of Clelia Merloni, 03.11.2018</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The following is the
homily that His Eminence Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu, prefect of the
Congregation for the Causes of Saints, pronounced yesterday morning in the
Basilica of Saint John Lateran, during the Mass for the beatification of Clelia
Merloni, founder of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a name="es"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Homily
of Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear brothers and
sisters,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The word of God that has
been proclaimed helps us to grasp the heart of the human and Christian
experience of Blessed Clelia Merloni, highlighting the essential elements of
her spiritual “countenance”. It is the face of a woman whose existence was
impressively marked by sufferings and tribulations: the cross was the seal of
her entire life! But her gaze, especially in times of trial, was always turned
to God.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the second reading,
the apostle Paul addresses the Christians of Corinth, indicating charity as the
“most sublime way” to attain the greatest charisms (cf. 1 Cor 12:
31), and affirms: “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy [...] It is
not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs [...]. It always protects,
always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres” (Ibid. 13. 4-6). For his part,
the evangelist Luke attributes these words to Jesus: “Love your enemies, do
good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you” (Lk 6: 27).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">These exhortations seem
to find a new relevance in the life of Mother Clelia, who radically made them
her own, especially when she was afflicted by slanders that caused her
dismissal from the governance and then even her removal from the Institute she
had founded. It was the period of her ordeal. A difficult and exhausting
personal ordeal of loneliness and isolation, of weakening health and hardship,
at the limit of despair. It was the moment of the meeting with the Spouse,
Jesus Crucified. How can we fail to see her as assimilated to the One Who
suffered abandonment, contempt, ignominy, failure, the stripping of all human
dignity on the cross? Blessed Clelia, following the example of Mary who
remained firm and unshakeable at the foot of the Cross, did not doubt her faith
in God, in the One Who never abandons His children in every season of
existence, especially at the hour of suffering, often impossible to understand
and hard to accept.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She shared the wound of
the Heart of Jesus, responding to hostility and contempt with charity. She
placed every opposition at the foot of the Tabernacle: there was her point of
support. In front of the Heart of Jesus she recognized her desire for
reconciliation with everyone, finding the strength to forgive those who
persecuted her. Despite her strong character, she showed extraordinary
tenderness in forgetting the injuries suffered, thus bearing witness to the
winning power of charity, which does not anger, does not keep a record of
wrongs, forgives all, perseveres. She never spoke to the detriment of anyone,
even of those who, especially within her Congregation, were hostile to her; she
embraced sufferings, offering them to the Lord and seeing in them the various
facets of God’s love for her.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thus, with her life given
in total oblation, she was the founder of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus, witnessing in her flesh the charism of the Institute. A current and
fascinating charism: to offer oneself totally and joyfully to the Heart of
Jesus to be a living and credible sign of God’s love for humanity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Christ always remained as
the centre of her faith, encountered above all in the Eucharistic mystery, in
the long hours spent in the chapel, even at night and when sick. A witness
tells: “After serious events, she took refuge in the chapel and many elderly
nuns who saw her reported that they had to shake her hand to make her answer
because she sank into the contemplation of God and in Him was still, as if in
deep ecstasy” (Informatio, 67).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This Eucharistic
centrality flowed in her attention to the decoration of the altar, of the
liturgical functions, of the churches, for the solemnity of the feast days,
especially to the priests, ministers of the altar, for whom she prayed especially,
and especially for those in difficulty.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">She was a woman religious
who always looked only to God; her motto was “God alone”. God above all and
above all things. It was worth choosing him as the only Ideal of life and
trusting only in Him, above all in the light of the experience, lived on her
own flesh, of the collapse of so many human certainties. She was able to
rightly recommend to her sisters: “Impress in your heart that God alone is your
only asset and your only refuge”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Entirely and solely
God’s, she savoured His continuous presence, living immersed in the
supernatural, to the point of being transformed into a “flame of love”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In fact, in Blessed
Clelia, the life of contemplative prayer was intense and constant. The
witnesses agree in asserting that she prayed continuously, keeping her gaze
fixed on God, scrutinizing His Word and interweaving prayer with all her
actions: her life had become prayer. She was so attached to prayer that her
inner union with God led her to skip meals. “When asked: ‘Mother, how do you
live without eating?’, she replied that her nourishment was prayer” (Informatio,
35).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But here is another
aspect of the spiritual face of Blessed Clelia Merloni: precisely because she
was a woman entirely of God, she was a woman entirely devoted to her brothers
and sisters, especially the little ones, the poor, the simple, the defenceless.
Her love for God could not but be reflected and not incarnated in love for
man, the living and palpitating image of God. Her heart was open to all,
especially to the sick and the suffering; she knew how to meet the need of
others, to the point often of depriving herself of what was necessary; she
always showed special tenderness, an innate compassion for all sorts of
suffering, submitting to any discomfort and effort, extinguishing that thirst
for charity and zeal that burned in her. In the works of charity she knew no
limits and she fully identified herself with the problems of others; those who
lived close to her asserted: “If she saw a man in need and could not help him,
she felt she was faint. In the face of love she understood nothing else” (Informatio,
53).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear brothers and
sisters, the saints and the blessed are for us living and lived messages of
God. This is why the Church proposes them to us as examples to be venerated and
imitated. Let us therefore open ourselves to the message that Blessed Clelia
Merloni transmits to us in a very clear way through her life and her works.
Moral suffering made her a strong and courageous woman who knew how to witness the
love of Jesus in every circumstance. Joining the pierced Heart of Jesus and
wishing to live the passion of Christ implies the awareness that the embrace of
the Cross is an essential condition for making life flow around us and not
allowing death to prevail over it, hatred over love, division over communion.
The Blessed never surrendered in the face of outrages and slanders of all
kinds. She reacted by extending love everywhere, especially to the weakest and
most disadvantaged, and working for the assistance and religious education of
the younger generation. Not only that, she was able to participate in her
ardent desire for love of God and the brothers and other companions with whom
she began an original way of religious life dedicated to the Sacred Heart,
where to emerge as essential elements of the charism were prayer and suffering.
Dimensions that never failed in the existence of the Blessed and with which she
nurtured and governed the institute, leaving as a legacy to the Church a very
current interpretation of the sense of authority as being authoritative in
giving and in love.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear Apostles of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, today we rejoice with you to see Mother Clelia as a
member of the Blessed. We ask you to keep alive her charism and above all her
oblative spirituality, whose fulcrum is the love that bears and forgives
everything. The mission, for which your religious family was founded, is always
current. The motto of your Institute, Caritas Christi urget nos – the
Love of Christ drives us – commits you to making these words of Saint Paul your
own, radiating love without cease and without limits.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Let us ask the Lord that
the path of holiness, which Mother Clelia Merloni has shown us with her life
sustained by love of the Cross, can become every day the luminous and sure path
of our journey of love for God and for our brothers and sisters.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Let us repeat together:
Blessed Clelia Merloni, pray for us!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/181103c.html">https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/181103c.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Mother Clelia Merloni, ‘a
woman of pardon,’ to be beatified</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By <a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/author/416/hannah-brockhaus">Hannah
Brockhaus</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Vatican City, Nov 2, 2018
/ 16:00 pm<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Clelia Merloni, a
20th-century Italian religious sister and founder of the women's institute of
the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, will be beatified in Rome on
Saturday.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With her beatification at
the Basilica of St. John Lateran Nov. 3, "the Church is recognizing this
great woman, a woman of faith, a woman of courage and humility, and especially
a woman of pardon," Sr. Anne Walsh, vicar general of the Apostles, told
CNA.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"How can I become
holy?" Mother Clelia once wrote. "By doing as best as I can
everything that will be asked of me each day."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Mother Clelia
looked at her own suffering in her life and the suffering in the lives of so
many around the world… and she was able to unite that with Christ's
suffering," Fr. Geoffrey Brooke explained.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A devotee of Mother
Clelia and a friend of her congregation, Brooke said Mother Clelia also played
a role in his process of discernment to enter seminary and become a priest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clelia recognized, he
told CNA, that from the unity of Christ's suffering with one's own suffering,
comes the notion of "reparation;" that then one is motivated to use
their suffering as reparation for "the wounds of the heart of Christ."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"I think what Mother
Clelia teaches me as a priest," he said, "is a particular way of
understanding and sharing the love of Christ."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Every Christian is
called to share the love of Christ, but how we understand what that means and
what that looks like – for me I'm able to do that better through a lens of
reparation, particularly as explained by Mother Clelia."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Life</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Brooke said he believes
everyone can learn from Mother Clelia's willingness to unite her suffering to
Christ, instead of trying to run from it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Her life was not easy,
beginning with the death of her mother in 1864, when Clelia was just three
years old.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Her father, who came from
humble beginnings as a servant to a count and countess, later experienced a
financial turnaround, and become a wealthy industrialist and a Freemason. He
remarried a few years after the death of Clelia's mother and the girl's
stepmother cared for her as if she was her own daughter, teaching her the
faith.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But when Clelia was just
22 years old, her stepmother died, shortly after she was driven from their home
amid a dispute with husband's mistress. Clelia's maternal grandmother, who had
helped to raise her, had also been sent away after a dispute with Clelia's
father.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clelia was devastated to
have lost the three women who had taught her about God and she continued to
pray for the conversion of her father.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Soon after her
stepmother's death, Clelia entered the Congregation of the Daughters of Our
Lady of the Snows in Savona. Five years later, a severe earthquake destroyed
the convent. Though Clelia had escaped unharmed, she soon became ill and her
father took her home.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1892, she entered the
Little House of Divine Providence in Como, where she was given care of the
orphans. There she protracted tuberculosis, and doctors believed she would not
be cured.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"In the face of her
physical suffering she chose to dedicate herself to Christ and to the heart of
Christ," Brooke said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clelia had begun to sense
a calling to establish a religious congregation dedicated to the Sacred Heart
of Jesus, and confided this to her confessor, who advised her to pray a novena
to the Immaculate Heart of Mary for healing and to know God's will. At the end
of the novena, she was miraculously healed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At the age of 33, Mother
Clelia founded the Congregation of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in
Viareggio, Italy. The next year, her many prayers and sacrifices were rewarded,
when her father had a conversion and asked to receive the sacraments, just five
months before his death.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Clelia was his
only heir and received from him the entirety of his sizeable fortune, which she
used to fund her community's charitable works.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Just three years into the
life of the congregation, the priest who was responsible for administering her
father's estate lost the entire fortune through risky financial dealings and
fled to France. Mother Clelia was beset by creditors; lies and threats quickly
spread as she tried to save her community from ruin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eventually, at Mother
Clelia's request, Bishop Giovanni Battista Scalabrini of Piacenza took the
community under his ecclesial protection, assisting them with their financial
situation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But after the bishop died
unexpectedly, conflict within the congregation led to three Apostolic
Visitations by the Holy See, instigated by a sister who accused Mother Clelia
of moral, disciplinary, and economic disorder. As a result, Clelia was removed
as Mother General of the order, though none of the apostolic visitors had ever
spoken with her directly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During this time, Mother
Clelia was forbidden from having any contact with the community, and many of
the sisters who supported her were sent home or to other communities.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A few years later, Mother
Clelia asked for a dispensation from her religious vows in order to leave the
congregation for a period of time. "She felt for the good of the
congregation, she should leave it for a period," Sr. Anne Walsh said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Called her
"exile," Mother Clelia was separated from her community and her
sisters for the next 12 years. In 1927, Mother Clelia was readmitted to the
congregation. She lived in a separate room, with a window overlooking the
chapel, where she "would spend hours and hours in prayer," Sr. Anne
said, until her death, November 21, 1930.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After everything that had
taken place, she was "especially a woman of pardon," Sr. Anne said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Apostles of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus received a decree of approval from the Holy See the
following year.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>
Lessons</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Clelia's response
to the suffering she faced throughout her life, "teaches us all a good
lesson," Fr. Brooke said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"How many families
in our world today, in our society today, are broken and struggle with
relations with each other, the same way she struggled with relationships with
some of her sisters early on," he said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"That she was
eventually able to find reconciliation and reparation and healing in those
relationships before she died is a good example for a lot of families today
which are so broken and split apart."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Brooke said he believes
the timing of her beatification is providential, considering the "ways in
which there is so much fracturing and woundedness, even in the Body of Christ,
even in the Church."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To have Mother Clelia
raised up as an example at this time gives the whole Church a witness of what
it is to seek "healing and reparation within the Church," he said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sr. Elizabeth Doyle, a
temporary professed sister of the Apostles, told CNA that today what strikes
her the most about Mother Clelia's life is her faith: "She really threw
herself into the darkness and trusted that is where God wanted her," she
said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"And there were a
lot of very human reasons for her to say, 'I don't think this is working out
and maybe it's not what God wants for my life.' There were a lot of material or
external kinds of failures, but she was really convinced that God had a plan for
her life, and she stuck with that despite the suffering and misunderstandings
and hardships that came with that," Sr. Elizabeth said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"That really
challenges me to look at my life of faith and say, 'Do I trust God that
much?'"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sr. Elizabeth added
"that God meets us in our brokenness and we meet God in his
brokenness."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"That's where God
invites us in," she said, "is through his wounded heart and that's
how God really penetrates into our own lives: through our own wounded
hearts."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"That has drawn me
closer to God, knowing that is where I can find him the most – in the
brokenness of the wounded parts of my life – and that's really where I can help
other people draw closer to God too."<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Miracle</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The miracle that led to
Mother Clelia's beatification took place in the 1950s in Brazil. Dr. Pedro de
Oliveira Filho had contracted Landry-Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a severe
neurological condition, which can be fatal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The doctor became totally
paralyzed, and his family was told by doctors he would not survive the night. They
began to pray for healing through the intercession of Mother Clelia. Also
present was a sister of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus who had
brought with her a small piece of Mother Clelia's habit.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">That same evening, the
sister took a thread from the relic and put it in a tiny amount of water,
giving it to the paralyzed man to drink. To everyone's surprise, he was able to
drink the water, so the sister continued to give him larger and larger sips,
eventually feeding him some custard. By the morning, he was completely healed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Congregation of the
Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus now consists of around 1,000 sisters in
15 different countries around the world. They are involved in education,
healthcare, parish and diocesan ministry, social work, immigrant outreach, and
care to trafficked women.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sr. Anne said that Mother
Clelia taught their community, "where there is brokenness, to pour on the
love of Jesus so we can bring love and healing to the world. And that's what we
try to do as Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, is to carry on that charism
that's been entrusted to us."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tags:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/208/catholic-news">Catholic News</a>,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/452/beatifications">Beatifications</a>,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/777/italy">Italy</a>,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/6122/mother-clelia-merloni">Mother
Clelia Merloni</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hannah Brockhaus is
Catholic News Agency's senior Rome correspondent. She grew up in Omaha,
Nebraska, and has a degree in English from Truman State University in Missouri.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/39794/mother-clelia-merloni-a-woman-of-pardon-to-be-beatified">https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/39794/mother-clelia-merloni-a-woman-of-pardon-to-be-beatified</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Mother Clelia Merloni:
Once Rejected, Now Blessed</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fr. Matt Gworek<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thursday, November 1,
2018<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">O Sacred Heart of Jesus,
you who filled your servant Clelia with a profound love for the riches of the
graces of your Heart, deign, we beseech you, to make use of her virtues, to
draw many persons to the knowledge and love of your Sacred Person, and, if it
be your holy will, that she be glorified on earth so that we may have recourse
more and more to her intercession and may learn from her example to devote
ourselves humbly and generously to your divine service. Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The “Clelia” mentioned
above is a woman named Clelia Merloni, and that prayer is a Prayer for the
Canonization of Mother Clelia. She was a 19th century Italian, the
Foundress of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and someone who endured
great persecution and suffering throughout her life. Right now, she is a woman
who will be beatified by Pope Francis in only a few days on Saturday, November
3, a woman it wouldn’t hurt any of us to learn a little more about.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born in northern Italy in
1861, Clelia Merloni lost her mother at the age of only three years old. When
her father remarried, her new stepmother, along with her grandmother, educated
her in the faith. Clelia became an intelligent, generous, and enthusiastic girl
who welcomed the relationship with God growing in her heart. Not only that, but
she soon longed to serve him and to work at awakening in others that same deep
connection with the Lord, bringing them to understand his compassion and love.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This desire had a rocky
beginning as Clelia joined but soon had to leave the novitiate of the Sisters
of Our Lady of the Snows for health reasons, unsuccessfully tried to begin an
orphanage for girls, and then entered the Congregation of the Daughters of St.
Mary of Providence only to contract tuberculosis the following year. The
illness brought Clelia to the verge of death, but she was miraculously cured
and began feeling an even stronger call to help others and dedicate her work to
the Heart of Jesus.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With this passion burning
within, 1894 saw her begin the Institute of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus in Viareggio, Italy, becoming Mother Clelia and founding a small
congregation dedicated to the service of abandoned orphans, elderly women, and
the education of girls. These new “Apostles” were asked to imitate the zeal of
the first Apostles, following in the footsteps of Christ and being sent out to
serve others.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Institute and its
ministry began to thrive, but as it grew so did Mother Clelia’s struggles. Her
father died in 1895, and a new, dishonest administrator created a financial
disaster, forcing the Apostles to abandon Viareggio. In the midst of slander, gossip,
and lawsuits, Mother Clelia and her congregation were welcomed by Giovanni
Scalabrini, the Bishop of Piacenza, Italy. This was certainly a positive
change, but while the Apostles served in this new diocese they were also asked
to send missionary Sisters to the United States and Brazil. This parting
created more difficulty as the Institute struggled to maintain its identity in
the face of separation and opposing forces. Many began speaking ill of Mother
Clelia, and this slander from both inside and outside the Institute led to her
being stripped of the title “Mother General” for a time in 1904 and then for
good in 1911.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the midst of this
humiliation, criticism, and division, Mother Clelia decided to do what she
believed was best for the Institute, so in 1916 she left, receiving a
dispensation from her vows and effectively being banished from the community.
For over a decade, she was removed from her daughters in the congregation that
she had founded and loved, but she always kept her Apostles and their work in
her prayers. Mother Clelia offered outside support and wrote letters to them,
while constantly increasing her own dedication to the Heart of Jesus. By 1928,
her health had substantially weakened, and she was allowed to return to the
congregation’s motherhouse in Rome. Though still secluded from much of the
community’s activity, Mother Clelia spent her last years there, strengthening
her prayer life and her love of the Eucharist before dying on November 21,
1930.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Clelia’s life was
one marked by immense hardship: sickness, slander, financial ruin, betrayal,
and dismissal from those closest to her. In her final years and even at her
death, she was still suffering the rejection of being pushed aside from a
community she had dedicated her life to. Even with such struggle, however, she
continued to find solace in Jesus and his Sacred Heart. Though constantly
tested, Mother Clelia was able to keep living for others, focusing her eyes on
our Lord and serving those most in need.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After her death, she was
unceremoniously placed in Verano Cemetery in Rome, the Institute was renamed
the “Congregation of the Sister Missionary Zelatrices of the Sacred Heart,” and
Mother Clelia remained a much ignored part of their history. In what was quite
a twist, however, her cemetery was bombed during World War II, fifteen years
after Mother Clelia had died. When her body was found, it was perfectly
incorrupt. This began a conversion of hearts and minds that, over time, led to
a new appreciation for the Foundress and all that she had endured. Her body was
moved in a solemn procession to the Generalate Chapel, the “Apostles” of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus reclaimed their original name, and the work of love,
kindness, and humility that Mother Clelia had exemplified began to flourish
ever-new in the congregation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the place where she’s
now buried, these words are found: “The Divine Heart of Jesus was the light of
her existence. The poor, the oppressed, the unfortunate, her most tender
heartbeat. She lived in purity, simplicity, and charity.” It was a profound
connection to Christ that strengthened Mother Clelia through her adversity, and
it was her truly holy life that has inspired others to continue the mission and
work she began. As spiritual daughters of all that Mother Clelia encouraged,
the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus have only grown in the decades since
her death and now serve in countries around the world, including Albania,
Argentina, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Ireland, Italy, Mozambique, Paraguay,
the Philippines, Portugal, Switzerland, the United States, and Uruguay. Mother
Clelia’s holy inspiration has been further recognized in recent years, as she
was declared a “Servant of God” under Pope John Paul II in 1990 and named
“Venerable” by Pope Francis in 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As she is now beatified
by the Holy Father in Rome’s Basilica of St. John Lateran on November 3, our
hope can only be that we might be moved by her lifelong willingness to endure
difficulty and rejection, all while keeping ourselves totally focused on the
love of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Mother Clelia once stated, “Understanding
that God alone is all, we abandon ourselves to Him, we pour our hearts into His
in order to love and serve only Him, to live for Him alone.” That’s how Mother
Clelia Merloni lived her life, that’s how the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus continue to honour her memory, and that’s how we can try our best to live
like her in all that we do.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For more information
about Mother Clelia Merloni or the international mission of the Apostles of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, you can go to their websites: <a href="http://madreclelia.org/" target="_blank">madreclelia.org</strong</a> & <a href="http://ascjroma.org/" target="_blank">ascjroma.org</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And if you’d like to
watch the Beatification Mass of this incredible woman on November 3, it will be
streamed live on the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwSalmI4SFPsV0XNLmOVv0Q" target="_blank">Apostole
del Sacro Cuore di Gesù YouTube channel</a> beginning at 6:00 AM
Eastern Time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://slmedia.org/blog/mother-clelia-merloni-once-rejected-now-blessed">https://slmedia.org/blog/mother-clelia-merloni-once-rejected-now-blessed</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Beata Clelia
Merloni</b> Fondatrice<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/11/21">21 novembre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Forlì, 10 marzo 1861 -
Roma, 21 novembre 1930<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clelia Merloni, al
Battesimo Clelia Cleopatra Maria,i nacque a Forlì il 10 marzo 1861, figlia di
Gioacchino Merloni e Maria Teresa Brandinelli. A ventidue anni entrò tra le
Figlie di Nostra Signora della Neve, ma dovette uscirne per motivi di salute
prima ancora dei voti temporanei. Dopo un’esperienza a Genova come direttrice
di un orfanotrofio, entrò in contatto con le Figlie della Divina Provvidenza,
fondate da san Luigi Guanella. Nel 1893 fu colpita dalla tubercolosi: mentre
era giudicata in fin di vita, capì che Dio voleva da lei un’opera dedicata al
Sacro Cuore di Gesù. Nel 1894, insieme a una compagna, si diresse a Viareggio,
dove mossero i primi passi le suore Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù. Finita in
miseria a causa dell’amministratore dei beni ereditati dal padre, Clelia, ormai
Madre fondatrice, fu aiutata dal Beato Giovanni Battista Scalabrini, vescovo di
Piacenza e fondatore dei Missionari di San Carlo, che stava per creare
un’analoga istituzione femminile. Il 10 giugno 1900, il vescovo approvò le
Costituzioni delle Apostole Missionarie del Sacro Cuore, come vennero a
chiamarsi. A causa di numerosi contrasti e di calunnie, mentre la fusione con
la comunità fondata da monsignor Scalabrini non riuscì, madre Clelia fu
inizialmente esautorata dal ruolo di superiora generale, poi scelse lei stessa
di farsi da parte, domandando la dispensa dai voti. Da allora, per lei cominciò
un vero e proprio esodo, vissuto appoggiandosi solo sull’amore del Cuore di
Gesù. Ormai anziana e malata, ottenne di essere riaccolta nell’istituto da lei
fondato che, intanto, aveva preso il nome di Zelatrici del Sacro Cuore (nel
1967 ha ripreso il nome originario). Si spense nella Casa generalizia, a Roma,
il 21 novembre 1930. È stata beatificata il 3 novembre 2018, sotto il
pontificato di papa Francesco. La sua memoria liturgica cade il 20 novembre, il
giorno precedente quello della sua nascita al Cielo. I suoi resti mortali,
esposti alla venerazione dei fedeli, si trovano nella chiesa annessa alla casa
generalizia delle Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Roma, in via Germano
Sommeiller 38.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>I primi anni</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Clelia Merloni nacque a Forlì il 10 marzo 1861, ultima e unica sopravvissuta
delle tre figlie di Gioacchino Merloni e Maria Teresa Brandinelli. Fu
battezzata nella cattedrale di Forlì lo stesso giorno della nascita, coi nomi
di Clelia Cleopatra Maria.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 2 luglio 1864, Clelia perse la madre. Fu quindi affidata alla nonna materna
perché il padre, già operaio ferroviere, si era trasferito a Sanremo in cerca
di un’occupazione migliore. Una volta migliorata la propria posizione,
Gioacchino si fece raggiungere dalla figlia. Si risposò con Maria Giovanna
Boeri, che volle molto bene alla piccola Clelia. La bambina ricambiava il suo
affetto e ascoltava con attenzione i suoi insegnamenti, improntati ai principi
religiosi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tuttavia, il padre iniziò una relazione con la domestica di casa, Bianca, che
cominciò a comportarsi come se fosse la padrona. Clelia soffrì parecchio per la
situazione che si era venuta a creare, tanto più che Maria Giovanna decise di
lasciare il tetto coniugale, ma allo stesso tempo affinò il suo spirito di
preghiera.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 23 ottobre 1872 ricevette la Cresima nella basilica di San Siro a Sanremo,
per le mani di monsignor Lorenzo Biale, vescovo di Ventimiglia. Non esistono
documenti relativi, invece, al giorno della Prima Comunione.<br />
<br /><b>
La vocazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Gioacchino, intanto, era diventato tanto ricco da poter fornire a Clelia la
miglior educazione possibile. Per alcuni mesi, la ragazza fu allieva interna
dell’istituto delle Suore della Purificazione a Savona, precisamente dall’11
ottobre 1876 al 18 gennaio 1877, quando uscì per motivi di salute. Tornata in
famiglia, arricchì la propria formazione con lezioni private di francese e
inglese e imparò anche a suonare il pianoforte.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tuttavia, provava un certo disagio di fronte a quelle lezioni, giudicate
necessarie perché diventasse una buona padrona di casa e una donna da sposare.
Piuttosto che nei salotti e nei ricevimenti cui era obbligata a partecipare, si
sentiva meglio quando riusciva ad andare a pregare in qualche chiesa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Inoltre, si era accorta che il padre era diventato particolarmente attaccato al
denaro e in più, pur non condividendone le posizioni più anticlericali, si era
avvicinato alla massoneria. Anche per questa ragione, ossia per riparare le
colpe paterne, Clelia comprese di dover consacrare tutta sé stessa a Dio.<br />
Manifestò quindi al padre il suo desiderio: in tutta risposta, si vide
presentare un ricco giovane amico di famiglia. Quando l’uomo si rese conto che
la figlia s’intristiva e restava chiusa alle sue proposte, le concesse di
partire, assegnandole anche un contributo fisso mensile in denaro.<br />
<br /><b>
Tra le Figlie di Nostra Signora della Neve</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 19 novembre 1883, Clelia fu accolta tra le Figlie di Nostra Signora della
Neve, una congregazione fondata appena quarant’anni prima dal canonico Giovanni
Battista Becchi. Il 7 settembre 1884, con la vestizione religiosa, ricevette il
nome di suor Albina.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pronta a vivere l’indirizzo specifico dell’istituto, che puntava all’educazione
dell’infanzia e viveva con particolare intensità la devozione al Sacro Cuore di
Gesù, suor Albina dovette però fare i conti con la sua salute cagionevole. Fu
trasferita nella casa che le suore avevano a Diano Marina, ma il 23 febbraio
1887 la zona fu colpita da un terremoto. Così, dato che l’edificio era
inagibile, dovette tornare in famiglia.<br />
<br /><b>
L’orfanotrofio a Genova</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Clelia, che aveva quindi ripreso il suo nome di Battesimo, mise a frutto quanto
aveva imparato nei suoi primi passi nella vita consacrata. Si trasferì a Nervi,
all’epoca comune autonomo nei pressi di Genova: insieme a Giuseppina Coen e a
una suora, Vittoria Bruzzo, aprì un piccolo orfanotrofio nell’agosto 1888.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tuttavia, l’orfanotrofio fu costretto a chiudere dopo meno di un anno. Una
delle insegnanti, infatti, esercitava punizioni corporali troppo severe sulle
bambine, in particolare su Natalina Berretta. Clelia, che era la dirigente
della struttura, dovette affrontare tre processi penali: lei fu riconosciuta
innocente, ma dovette ugualmente pagare di tasca propria la multa ordinata dal
tribunale.<br />
<br /><b>
Tra le Figlie della Divina Provvidenza di san Luigi Guanella</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
A quel punto, Clelia cominciò a domandarsi se davvero Dio volesse la sua
consacrazione. Entrata a contatto con le suore Figlie della Divina Provvidenza,
si sentì rispondere che, per farsi aiutare meglio, doveva rivolgersi
direttamente al fondatore, don Luigi Guanella, che risiedeva a Como.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 14 agosto 1892 fu ricevuta dal futuro Santo (è stato canonizzato nel 2011),
il quale notò subito che in lei c’era qualcosa di particolare. Così, Clelia
cominciò a vivere le opere tipiche della congregazione: insegnava a leggere e a
far di conto alle piccole orfane, le istruiva nel canto per la liturgia e
dormiva in una cameretta vicina al loro dormitorio. In più, spesso andava alla
questua, con la quale coinvolgeva molte persone nell’opera di don Guanella.<br />
<br /><b>
Un’opera dedicata al Cuore di Gesù</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mentre era nel pieno della sua nuova vita, Clelia ebbe un altro crollo fisico,
a causa della tubercolosi, nel 1893. Il medico della congregazione la giudicò
in fin di vita: fu quindi ordinato che le venissero amministrati i Sacramenti
dei moribondi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il confessore della comunità, don Pietro Uboldi, venne al capezzale di Clelia,
ma si sentì rivolgere una confidenza: lei sentiva di dover fondare un’opera
dedicata al Cuore di Gesù. Certo che non stesse delirando, il confessore invitò
le suore e le orfane a compiere una novena alla Madonna: se fosse stato volere
di Dio che l’opera sorgesse, la malata si sarebbe ripresa.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Terminata la novena, Clelia risultò perfettamente guarita. Aiutata dai
superiori, comprese di dover dare corpo a quel progetto. Lo stesso don Guanella
acconsentì alla sua partenza, in modo che potesse dedicarsi pienamente alla sua
nuova missione, e le lasciò una lettera come garanzia.<br />
<br /><b>
A Viareggio, nascita delle Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Seguendo un’ispirazione avuta in sogno, Clelia partì, insieme a Elisa
Pederzini, verso Viareggio. Non sapeva neppure dove fosse: dovette cercarla
sulla carta geografica. Il 30 maggio 1894, le due donne vennero accolte dal
parroco della chiesa di San Francesco (oggi di Sant’Antonio di Padova), padre
Serafino Bigongiari, il quale le presentò ai parrocchiani.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La piccola comunità, cui si aggiunsero altre donne, cambiò molte volte
abitazione, ma non l’intento: accogliere ed educare bambine e ragazze orfane,
insieme agli anziani e alle donne bisognose. L’11 giugno 1894 Clelia, Elisa e
Teresita, la prima che le aveva raggiunte, indossarono una sorta di divisa:
nascevano quindi le Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù. Non si può parlare
propriamente di vestizione, perché non avevano nessuna forma di riconoscimento
canonico.<br />
<br /><b>
L’inizio delle prove e la morte di Gioacchino Merloni</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Di fatto, il vescovo di Lucca, monsignor Nicola Ghilardi, fu molto contrariato
del fatto che padre Serafino avesse accolto le due viaggiatrici senza prima
avvisare lui. Da allora cominciò un lungo periodo di contrasti tra Clelia,
ormai Madre fondatrice, e la Curia vescovile lucchese.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Intanto, suo padre era in fin di vita. La maggior preoccupazione di madre
Clelia era che rischiava di morire senza essersi riconciliato con Dio. Cominciò
quindi a viaggiare sempre più spesso tra Viareggio e Sanremo, causando
probabilmente malumori nelle suore.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Gioacchino Merloni, alla fine, morì il 27 giugno 1895: come la figlia aveva
sperato, aveva ricevuto gli ultimi Sacramenti ed era morto prima che finisse il
mese di giugno, tradizionalmente dedicato al Sacro Cuore.<br />
<br /><b>
Il tracollo finanziario</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Diventata erede di tutti i suoi beni, madre Clelia pensò di lasciarne
l’amministrazione a un collaboratore del padre, ma suor Elisa la convinse ad
affidarla a don Clemente Leoni, parroco di San Giuseppe a Sanremo, che aveva
assistito Gioacchino nei suoi ultimi tempi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Una mattina, madre Clelia si svegliò di soprassalto e scosse suor Elisa, che
dormiva nella stessa camera: le ordinò di venire con lei a Sanremo, perché
erano rovinate. Arrivate in città, scoprirono che l’amministratore aveva
dilapidato parte del patrimonio ed era scappato in Francia col resto.<br />
<br /><b>
A Piacenza con l’appoggio del Beato Giovanni Battista Scalabrini</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per questa ragione, le suore e la stessa fondatrice cominciarono a questuare
per ottenere fondi e, in tal modo, evitare la chiusura delle scuole e degli
orfanotrofi da loro istituiti. Madre Clelia, da parte sua, cercava di leggere
nel modo giusto l’accaduto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Fu in quel modo che suor Nazzarena Viganò e suor Giuseppina Heim, di passaggio
per Piacenza agli inizi del 1898, entrarono in contatto col vescovo del luogo,
monsignor Giovanni Battista Scalabrini (Beato dal 1997). Sconvolto
dall’incontro con la realtà degli emigranti, aveva già fondato i Missionari di
San Carlo per l’assistenza degli italiani all’estero.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Monsignor Scalabrini accolse le prime figlie di madre Clelia nel febbraio 1899,
vedendo in loro un aiuto provvidenziale per realizzare la nascita del futuro
ramo femminile dei Missionari di San Carlo. In più, il 25 ottobre 1895, aveva
ricevuto i voti temporanei delle prime “Ancelle degli orfani e dei derelitti
all’estero”.<br />
<br /><b>
Preoccupazioni per madre Clelia</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le suore di madre Clelia ricevettero una formazione apposita, ma il risultato
fu che, quando venne a trovarle all’Istituto Cristoforo Colombo di Piacenza,
alcune di esse non vollero incontrarla.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Peraltro, monsignor Scalabrini stava pensando di cambiare il nome della loro
fondazione. Appena lo seppe, madre Clelia lo supplicò in una lettera: «Lasciare
il titolo di Apostole del Sacro Cuore per prenderne un altro, non è più mandare
avanti l’opera incominciata per la quale sacrificai salute, riputazione e tutto
quanto il mio patrimonio, ma sarebbe distruggerne uno per fondarne un altro».
Si disse anche disposta a ritirarsi ad Alessandria, ospite di madre Maria
Antonia Grillo Michel (al secolo Teresa, beatificata nel 1998) e delle sue
Piccole Suore della Divina Provvidenza, pur di salvare tutto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Monsignor Scalabrini comprese le sue preoccupazioni: le offrì di aprire una
casa ad Alessandria e di far venire a Piacenza quindici suore, che di fatto
furono dodici. Questo gruppo risiedette, dal 2 giugno 1899, all’albergo della
Croce Rossa e fu affidato, per la formazione, a suor Candida Quadrani, delle
Figlie di Sant’Anna.<br />
<br /><b>
L’approvazione delle Costituzioni</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Madre Clelia chiese chiarimenti, perché non vedeva bene il fatto che le sue
suore avessero una formazione separata. Monsignor Scalabrini ebbe una reazione
inizialmente dura, ma poi l’invitò a venire a Piacenza, anche perché, intanto,
la casa di Viareggio era prossima alla chiusura.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tra il 14 e il 16 febbraio 1900, le suore della comunità di Alessandria e madre
Clelia, scaduto il contratto d’affitto, passarono nella Villa San Francesco a
Castelnuovo Fogliani. Nel maggio successivo, anche le suore dell’Istituto
Cristoforo Colombo le raggiunsero.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 10 giugno 1900, monsignor Scalabrini approvò per un decennio le Costituzioni
della nuova congregazione, che aveva una duplice finalità: garantire il
servizio ai migranti e propagare il culto al Sacro Cuore di Gesù. La prima
professione fu celebrata il 12 giugno nella cattedrale di Piacenza:
professarono nove suore, compresa madre Clelia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il nome alla fine fu fissato in Suore Apostole Missionarie del Sacro Cuore. Il
secondo aggettivo fu lasciato cadere quasi subito, per evitare confusione con
le omonime Missionarie del Sacro Cuore fondate da madre Francesca Saverio
Cabrini (canonizzata nel 1946).<br />
<br /><b>
Espansione in Italia e all’estero</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Due mesi dopo, le prime Apostole partirono per il Brasile, precisamente per San
Paolo. Tuttavia, anche lì si crearono contrasti: suor Elisa Pederzini fu
nominata superiora, in sostituzione di madre Assunta Marchetti (beatificata nel
2014), già presente sul luogo con le prime “Ancelle degli orfani e dei
derelitti all’estero”. Le due comunità non riuscirono mai a fondersi del tutto:
erano troppe le divergenze nei carismi originari.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Un secondo gruppo fu destinato invece a Curitiba, nel Paraná, dove si occupò di
un orfanotrofio. Le vocazioni locali non tardarono a venire: dopo qualche
tempo, fu aperto il primo noviziato a Santa Felicidade, nei pressi di Curitiba.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 16 giugno 1902, infine, altre Apostole del Sacro Cuore sbarcarono a Boston,
negli Stati Uniti d’America, in appoggio alla parrocchia del Sacro Cuore, retta
dai Missionari di San Carlo. Anche lì, dopo qualche anno, insorsero questioni
economiche, che portarono madre Clelia a difendere con un suo scritto l’operato
delle sue figlie.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In Italia, invece, la Casa madre era stata stabilita a Piacenza, a Palazzo
Falconi, nei primi mesi del 1901. Grazie alla rivista «Il trionfo del Cuore di
Gesù sul cuore umano» e a lettere da lei spedite a molti parroci del Nord
Italia, madre Clelia poté accogliere numerose postulanti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Quell’azione fece finire le Apostole del Sacro Cuore sulle pagine del «Corriere
della Sera», in un articolo dove le si accusava di reclutare forzatamente le
giovani, ma si verificò l’opposto: molte, dopo averlo letto, s’informavano
circa la nuova istituzione. Anzi, se madre Clelia riconosceva che le candidate
erano più adatte, ad esempio, per l’istituto di madre Maria Antonietta Michel, le
inviava a lei, che ricambiava.<br />
<br /><b>
Continuano le prove</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le accuse contenute in quell’articolo erano di poco conto rispetto a quelle cui
madre Clelia faceva sempre più fronte. Se da una parte perdonava, dall’altra
esprimeva i propri dubbi a monsignor Scalabrini, tanto più che le voci
calunniose erano giunte alla Sacra Congregazione dei Religiosi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La morte improvvisa del vescovo, avvenuta il 1° giugno 1905, addolorò
moltissimo madre Clelia. Il suo successore sulla cattedra di Piacenza,
monsignor Giovanni Maria Pelizzari, le consigliò di passare sotto la diocesi di
Alessandria, mentre il nuovo superiore generale dei Missionari di San Carlo,
padre Domenico Vicentini, affermò di non avere nessuna competenza giuridica
sulle sue suore.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
In Brasile, in un secondo momento, si verificò la separazione tra le suore di
madre Clelia e quelle di madre Assunta Marchetti, che dal 22 settembre 1907
passarono sotto la giurisdizione del vescovo di San Paolo del Brasile. Il loro
nome definitivo divenne poi quello di Suore Missionarie di San Carlo, dette
popolarmente Scalabriniane.<br />
<br /><b>
La dispensa dai voti</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel 1909 si svolse la prima visita apostolica all’istituto di madre Clelia. Ne
seguirono altre, nei due anni successivi, ma in nessun caso fu interpellata
direttamente la fondatrice. Piuttosto, vennero ascoltate voci a lei avverse. Il
risultato fu che, nel 1911, madre Clelia fu deposta dal ruolo di superiora
generale, come era già avvenuto nel 1904, ma venne reintegrata nel 1905. La
casa generalizia venne trasferita a Roma nel 1916, mentre nel 1912 il nome
dell’istituto era cambiato ancora: da Apostole a Zelatrici del Sacro Cuore.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Madre Clelia, che risiedeva ad Alessandria, tentò di ottenere ascolto da papa
Benedetto XV, ma invano. Le restava una sola possibilità: chiedere la dispensa
dei voti, pur di salvare le sue figlie. La richiesta, scritta il 10 aprile 1916
e rinnovata il 29 maggio, fu accolta: il 2 giugno fu notificato che la Sacra
Congregazione dei Religiosi, il 24 maggio, aveva concesso la dispensa.<br />
<br /><b>
Un lungo esodo</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Per Clelia e per le poche suore che le erano rimaste fedeli cominciò un vero e
proprio esodo, che ebbe come prima tappa Genova, dal giugno 1916 al settembre
1917, quando si spostarono a Torino. Non mancarono per lei i dubbi e i momenti
di smarrimento, che annotò nel suo diario. Allo stesso tempo, ottenne degli
aiuti finanziari per interessamento dell’arcivescovo di Torino, il cardinal
Agostino Richelmy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dal 4 ottobre 1921 si spostò a Roccagiovine, ospite di don Giuseppe Di Gennaro,
parroco del luogo, che l’aveva conosciuta a Torino. Dal giorno dell’arrivo,
Clelia, la cui salute stava peggiorando, si dedicò prevalentemente a sostenere
con la preghiera le sorelle che l’avevano seguita e che insegnavano il
catechismo in paese.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Quando don Giuseppe fu nominato parroco a Marcellina, anche le suore vennero
con lui. Nello stesso anno 1924, Clelia emise il voto di umiltà, col quale
s’impegnava ad abbassare il suo amor proprio, purché trionfasse quello di Gesù.
Continuava la sua vita ritirata, nella quale aveva grande spazio la preghiera,
specie per le sue Apostole e per quanti, in vario modo, l’avevano ferita.<br />
<br /><b>
Ritorno tra le sue figlie</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Col tempo, Clelia si era resa conto di aver domandato la dispensa dai voti in
un momento di smarrimento. Certa di aver ancora poco tempo, sollecitò di poter
vivere i suoi ultimi giorni come Apostola del Sacro Cuore di Gesù.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo un cospicuo scambio di lettere con madre Marcellina Viganò, la madre
generale, il 7 marzo 1928 partì alla volta di via Germano Sommeiller a Roma,
sede della Casa generalizia. Avrebbe riemesso i voti dopo aver seguito un corso
di Esercizi spirituali, ma, secondo alcuni testimoni oculari, lo fece solo poco
prima di morire.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Le fu assegnata una stanza al secondo piano, con una piccola porta che dava sul
coretto della chiesa interna alla casa. In quel modo, poteva adorare Gesù nel
Tabernacolo senza spostarsi troppo. Era quasi la sua unica compagnia, dal
momento che non poteva avere visite senza il permesso delle superiore. Alle
suore giovani non si parlava mai di lei, né era concesso di chiedere
informazioni.<br />
<br /><b>
La morte</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel novembre 1930 la salute di madre Clelia si aggravò: le era stato
diagnosticato un tumore all’intestino. Nonostante i dolori, era serena e li
offriva per i peccatori e per le sue suore. Ricevette dal cappellano della
casa, monsignor Raffaele Fulin, la Comunione e l’assoluzione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Verso l’una di notte del 21 novembre, perse i sensi: si riebbe dopo aver
ricevuto l’Unzione degli Infermi. Rispose alle preghiere suggerite dal
cappellano e continuò a chiedere perdono delle proprie colpe. Qualche istante
dopo, morì.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 23 novembre si svolse il suo funerale, dopo il quale fu sepolta nella
cappella del Cuore di Gesù agonizzante presso il cimitero del Verano, dato che
le Zelatrici del Sacro Cuore non avevano una tomba propria. I suoi resti
mortali rischiarono di andare dispersi durante i bombardamenti della seconda
guerra mondiale, ma furono riconosciuti e traslati, il 20 maggio 1945, nella
chiesa annessa alla Casa generalizia.<br />
<br /><b>
La riscoperta della sua memoria</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Sulla lastra tombale fu definita, per la prima volta dopo anni, come
Fondatrice. Fu il primo passo per una riscoperta del suo ruolo effettivo,
promossa dalla quarta superiora generale, suor Hildegarde Campodonico.
Seguirono le prime ricerche storiche, compendiate in alcune biografie, e la
pubblicazione delle lettere.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 2 febbraio 1968, a seguito della richiesta formulata dall’assemblea generale
straordinaria, le Zelatrici del Sacro Cuore tornarono al nome originario, come
voluto da madre Clelia stessa. La sua fama di santità riemerse a partire dalla
sua congregazione, dove, dal 1969, cominciò a essere recitata una preghiera per
chiedere la sua intercessione.<br />
<br /><b>
La causa di beatificazione e canonizzazione fino al decreto sulle virtù eroiche</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il processo informativo diocesano per l’accertamento delle sue virtù eroiche si
è svolto dal 18 giugno 1990 al 1° aprile 1998, presso il Vicariato di Roma. La
Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi ha convalidato gli atti del processo il 21
maggio 1999.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La “Positio super virtutibus”, trasmessa nel 2014, è stata esaminata il 20
ottobre 2015 dai Consultori Teologi della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi.
Il 13 dicembre 2016, anche i cardinali e i vescovi membri della stessa
Congregazione si espressero a favore dell’esercizio in grado eroico delle virtù.
Infine, il 21 dicembre 2016, papa Francesco ha autorizzato la promulgazione del
decreto con cui madre Clelia Merloni veniva dichiarata Venerabile.<br />
<br /><b>
Il miracolo per la beatificazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Come possibile miracolo per ottenere la sua beatificazione è stato preso in
esame quanto avvenuto a Pedro Ângelo de Oliveira Filho, medico brasiliano. Il
14 marzo 1951 fu colpito da una paralisi ai quattro arti. Dopo il trasferimento
all’ospedale Santa Casa della Misericordia di Ribeirao Preto, fu diagnosticata
più precisamente come paralisi ascendente progressiva, dovuta alla sindrome di
Landry o di Guillain-Barré.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nel giro di poche settimane, la paralisi raggiunse la gola, in modo tale che il
malato non poteva neppure deglutire. Il 20 marzo, i medici riferirono ai
familiari del malato di prepararsi al peggio. La sera stessa, Angelina Oliva,
moglie del malato, incontrò un’Apostola del Sacro Cuore, suor Adelina Alves
Barbosa, infermiera presso l’ospedale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La suora prese un’immaginetta con la novena a madre Clelia, a cui era attaccata
una reliquia “ex indumentis”, tratta dal suo velo. Dal frammento di stoffa
prese un filo sottile, che mise in un cucchiaino con un po’ d’acqua, e lo diede
al malato, mentre la moglie e i figli pregavano per lui.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Dopo qualche minuto, visto che l’acqua era stata ingerita, la suora gli passò
due dita d’acqua in un bicchiere, che bevve completamente. Subito dopo gli
diede del latte e, infine, una crema di latte e mais. Nel giro di venti giorni,
Pedro Ângelo fu dimesso in completa salute. Morì il 25 settembre 1976 per
arresto cardiaco, quindi per cause estranee alla precedente malattia.<br />
<br /><b>
Il riconoscimento del miracolo e la beatificazione</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il processo diocesano sull’asserito miracolo si è svolto, anche se il fatto è
avvenuto in Brasile, presso il Vicariato di Roma, dal 25 gennaio 2005 all'11
aprile 2011. La Consulta medica della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, il
23 febbraio 2017, si è pronunciata a favore dell’inspiegabilità scientifica
dell’accaduto.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 27 giugno successivo, il Congresso peculiare dei Teologi ha espresso il
proprio parere affermativo circa l’avvenuta guarigione e l’intercessione della
fondatrice delle Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù. I cardinali e i vescovi
della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, il 9 gennaio 2018, hanno confermato
quel giudizio positivo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il 27 gennaio 2018, ricevendo in udienza il cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefetto
della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, papa Francesco ha autorizzato la
promulgazione del decreto con cui la guarigione di Pedro Ângelo de Oliveira Filho
era da considerare un miracolo ottenuto per intercessione di madre Clelia
Merloni.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La beatificazione è stata quindi celebrata il 3 novembre 2018 a Roma, nella
basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano. A presiedere il rito, come delegato del
Santo Padre, il cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu, Prefetto della Congregazione
delle Cause dei Santi. La memoria liturgica di madre Clelia è stata fissata al
20 novembre, il giorno precedente la sua nascita al Cielo.<br />
<br /><b>
Le Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù oggi</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Oggi le Apostole del Sacro Cuore sono circa un migliaio e contano comunità in
quattordici paesi del mondo: Italia, Svizzera, Irlanda, Portogallo, Brasile,
Argentina, Cile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Stati Uniti, Mozambico, Benin, Albania e
Filippine.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Portano avanti gli insegnamenti di madre Clelia prevalentemente in istituti
scolastici, ma anche in case-famiglia, ospedali e case di cura. All’istituto è
poi aggregata la Grande Famiglia del Sacro Cuore, formata da famiglie e da
singoli fedeli laici.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Emilia Flocchini<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/96068.html">https://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/96068.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Omelia del Prefetto della
Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi nel corso della Messa di Beatificazione di
Clelia Merloni, 03.11.2018</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/0813.html">[B0813]</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pubblichiamo di seguito
l’omelia che l’Em.mo Card. Giovanni Angelo Becciu, Prefetto della Congregazione
delle Cause dei Santi, ha pronunciato questa mattina nella Basilica di San
Giovanni in Laterano nel corso della Santa Messa di Beatificazione di Clelia
Merloni, fondatrice delle Apostole del Sacro Cuore di Gesù:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Omelia del Card. Giovanni
Angelo Becciu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cari fratelli e sorelle,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">La parola di Dio che è
stata proclamata ci aiuta a cogliere il cuore dell’esperienza umana e cristiana
della Beata Clelia Merloni, evidenziando gli elementi essenziali del suo
“volto” spirituale. È il volto di una donna la cui esistenza è stata segnata in
maniera impressionante da patimenti e tribolazioni: la croce è stata il sigillo
di tutta la sua vita! Ma il suo sguardo, specialmente nell’ora della prova, era
sempre rivolto a Dio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">L’apostolo Paolo, nella
seconda lettura, si rivolge ai cristiani di Corinto indicando la carità come la
«via più sublime» per conseguire i carismi più grandi
(cfr 1Cor 12,31), e afferma: «La carità è magnanima, benevola, non è
invidiosa, […] non si adira, non tiene conto del male ricevuto […]. Tutto
scusa, tutto crede, tutto spera, tutto sopporta» (Ivi 13,4-6). Da parte
sua, l’evangelista Luca mette sulla bocca di Gesù queste parole: «Amate i
vostri nemici, fate del bene a coloro che vi odiano, benedite coloro che vi
maledicono» (Lc 6,27).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Queste esortazioni
sembrano trovare una nuova attualità nella vita della Madre Clelia, che le ha
fatte sue in maniera radicale, specialmente quando è stata colpita da calunnie
che ne hanno determinato la destituzione dal governo e poi addirittura
l’allontanamento dall’Istituto da lei fondato. Fu il periodo del suo calvario.
Un calvario personale duro e logorante, fatto di solitudine e di isolamento, di
indebolimento della salute e di stenti, al limite della disperazione. Fu il
momento dell’incontro con il suo Sposo, Gesù Crocifisso. Come infatti non
vederla assimilata a Colui che sulla croce patì l’abbandono, il disprezzo,
l’ignominia, il fallimento, lo spogliamento di ogni dignità umana? La Beata
Clelia, sull’esempio di Maria che rimase ferma e incrollabile ai piedi della
Croce, non dubitò della sua fede in Dio, in Colui che mai abbandona i suoi
figli in ogni stagione dell’esistenza, soprattutto nell’ora dolorosa, molte
volte inestricabile da capire e dura da accettare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ella condivise la ferita
del Cuore di Gesù, rispondendo alle ostilità e al disprezzo con la carità.
Deponeva ai piedi del Tabernacolo ogni contrarietà: lì era il suo punto di
appoggio. Di fronte al Cuore di Gesù riconosceva la sua volontà di
riconciliazione con tutti, trovando la forza di perdonare quanti la
perseguitavano. Pur avendo un carattere forte si dimostrò di una tenerezza
straordinaria nel dimenticare le offese subite, testimoniando così la potenza
vincitrice della carità, che non si adira, non tiene conto del male ricevuto,
tutto scusa, tutto sopporta. Non parlò mai a danno di qualcuno, anche di quante,
specialmente all’interno della sua Congregazione, le erano ostili; abbracciava
le sofferenze, offrendole al Signore e vedendo in esse le varie sfaccettature
dell’Amore di Dio nei suoi confronti.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Così, con la sua vita
donata in oblazione totale, è stata la fondatrice delle Apostole del Sacro
Cuore di Gesù, testimoniando nella sua carne il carisma dell’Istituto. Un
carisma attuale e affascinante: offrirsi totalmente e gioiosamente al Cuore di
Gesù per essere segno vivo e credibile dell’amore di Dio per l’umanità.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Il centro della sua fede
rimase sempre il Cristo, incontrato soprattutto nel mistero eucaristico, nelle
lunghe ore passate in cappella, anche di notte e da malata. Racconta una
testimone: «Dopo gravi avvenimenti, si rifugiava in cappella e molte suore
anziane che la vedevano riferiscono che si doveva scuoterla con la mano per
farla rispondere perché si inabissava nella contemplazione di Dio e in Lui si
fermava come in estasi profonda» (Informatio, 67).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Questa centralità
eucaristica rifluiva nella sua attenzione verso il decoro dell’altare, delle
funzioni liturgiche, delle chiese, per la solennità dei giorni di festa,
soprattutto verso i sacerdoti, ministri dell’altare, per cui in particolare
pregava, specialmente per quelli in crisi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">È stata una religiosa che
sempre ha guardato solo a Dio; il suo motto era “Dio solo”. Dio prima di tutto
e al di sopra di ogni cosa. Valeva la pena sceglierlo come unico Ideale della
vita e confidare solo in Lui, soprattutto alla luce dell’esperienza, vissuta
sulla propria carne, del crollo di tante certezze umane. Ben a ragione poteva
raccomandare alle sue consorelle: "Imprimi nel tuo cuore che Dio solo è il
tuo unico bene e il tuo unico rifugio".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tutta e sola di Dio, ne
assaporò la continua presenza vivendo tuffata nel soprannaturale, a tal punto
da essere trasformata in “fiamma d’amore”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Intensa e costante fu
infatti nella Beata Clelia la vita di preghiera contemplativa. Le testimonianze
sono concordi nell’asserire che pregava continuamente, mantenendo lo sguardo
fisso su Dio, scrutando la sua Parola e intrecciando la sua preghiera con ogni
sua azione: la sua vita era diventata preghiera. Era talmente attaccata alla
preghiera che l’unione interiore con Dio la induceva a saltare i pasti. «Quando
le chiedevano: “Madre, come fa a vivere senza mangiare?”, rispondeva che il suo
pasto era la preghiera» (Informatio,35).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ma ecco un’altra linea
del volto spirituale della Beata Clelia Merloni: proprio perché donna tutta di
Dio, è stata donna tutta dei fratelli, specie i piccoli, i poveri, i semplici,
gli indifesi. Il suo amore per Dio non poteva non riflettersi e non incarnarsi
nell’amore per l’uomo, immagine viva e palpitante di Dio. Il suo cuore era
aperto a tutti, specialmente verso i malati e i sofferenti; seppe fare proprio
il bisogno altrui, fino a privarsi spesso del necessario; dimostrò sempre una
tenerezza speciale, una compassione innata per ogni sorta di sofferenza, per
sovvenire alla quale si sottomise a qualunque disagio e fatica, estinguendo
quella sete di carità e di zelo cha ardeva in lei. Nelle opere di carità non
conosceva limiti e si immedesimava pienamente nei problemi altrui; quanti hanno
vissuto accanto a lei asseriscono: «Se vedeva un bisognoso e non poteva
aiutarlo si sentiva venir meno per la pena. Di fronte alla carità non capiva
nulla» (Informatio,53).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cari fratelli e sorelle,
i Santi ed i Beati sono per noi messaggi vivi e vissuti di Dio. Per questo la
Chiesa li propone a noi come esempi da venerare e imitare. Apriamoci,
dunque, al messaggio che la Beata Clelia Merloni ci trasmette in maniera tanto
chiara attraverso la sua vita e le sue opere. Le sofferenze morali l’hanno reso
una donna forte e coraggiosa che ha saputo testimoniare l’amore di Gesù in ogni
circostanza. Unirsi al Cuore di Gesù trafitto e il voler vivere la passione di
Cristo, comporta la consapevolezza che l’abbraccio della Croce è condizione
essenziale per far sgorgare la vita attorno a noi e non permettere che prevalga
la morte su di essa, l’odio sull’amore, la divisione sulla comunione. La Beata
infatti mai si arrese di fronte agli oltraggi e alle calunnie di ogni genere.
Reagì espandendo amore ovunque soprattutto verso i più deboli, i più disagiati
e adoperandosi per l’assistenza e l’educazione religiosa delle giovani
generazioni. Non solo, ma ha saputo partecipare il suo ardente desiderio di
amore a Dio e ai fratelli ad altre compagne con le quali iniziò in modo
originale un’esperienza di vita religiosa dedicata al Sacro Cuore, ove ad
emergere come elementi essenziali del carisma furono la preghiera e la
sofferenza. Dimensioni che non mancarono mai nell’esistenza della Beata e con
le quali fece crescere e governò l’istituto, lasciando in eredità alla Chiesa
un’interpretazione quanto mai attuale del senso dell’autorità come
autorevolezza nel dono e nell’amore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Care Apostole del Sacro
Cuore di Gesù, oggi ci rallegriamo con voi nel vedere ascritta tra le Beate la
Madre Clelia. Vi chiediamo di mantener vivo il suo carisma e soprattutto la sua
spiritualità oblativa, il cui fulcro è l’amore che tutto sopporta e perdona. La
missione, per la quale è stata fondata la vostra Famiglia religiosa, è sempre
attuale. Il motto del vostro Istituto, Caritas Christi urget nos -
l’Amore di Cristo ci spinge -, vi impegna a fare proprie queste parole di S.
Paolo, irradiando amore senza sosta e senza limiti.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chiediamo al Signore che
il sentiero di santità, che la Madre Clelia Merloni ci ha mostrato con la vita
sostenuta dall’amore alla Croce, possa diventare ogni giorno il tracciato
luminoso e sicuro del nostro cammino d’amore per Dio e per i fratelli.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ripetiamo insieme: Beata
Clelia Merloni, prega per noi!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[01761-IT.01]
[Testo originale: Italiano]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/0813/01750.html">Le
Udienze</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/0813/01759.html">Rinunce
e nomine</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/0813/01752.html">Avviso
di Conferenza Stampa</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/0813/01761.html">https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/03/0813/01761.html</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5408295391443355751.post-22144373751993125272023-11-20T04:20:00.000-08:002023-11-20T04:23:48.599-08:00Saints OCTAVIUS, SOLUTOR et ADVENTOR, soldats et martyrs<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/SolutorAdventorOctavius.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="252" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/SolutorAdventorOctavius.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Santi_Avventore,_Ottavio_e_Solutore" title="Santi Avventore, Ottavio e Solutore">Santi Avventore, Ottavio e Solutore</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Saints Octave, Soluteur
et Adventeur</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Soldats et
martyrs (+ 297)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Soldats de la légende de
la Légion Thébéenne, massacrés à cause de leur foi chrétienne, sous
Maximien.<br />
Patrons de la ville de Turin où ils sont fêtés le 20 janvier, jour de la
translation de leurs reliques.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
La légende leur donna pour compagnons les <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1897/Saint-Maurice.html">martyrs de
la Légion thébéenne</a>, originaires de la Haute-Egypte et qui furent martyrs
dans le Valais suisse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
En italien:<br /><br />
- <a href="http://www.parrocchie.it/modugno/ottavio/santottavio.htm" target="_blank" title="Paroisse Saint Octave à Modugno">S. Ottavio e il suo
martirio</a>, Arcidiocesi di Bari-Bitonto, Parrocchia S. Ottavio - Modugno</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Ils sont vénérés à l'église des Saints Martyrs à Turin '<a href="http://www.cittaecattedrali.it/it/bces/63-chiesa-dei-santi-martiri-solutore-avventore-e-ottavio" target="_blank" title="Eglise des Saints Martyrs Turin">Chiesa dei Santi
Martiri in Torino</a>'</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>
À Turin en Piémont, les saints martyrs Octavius, Solutor et Adventor (le 20
novembre au martyrologe romain).<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Martyrologe romain</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/192/Saints-Octave--Soluteur-et--Adventeur.html">https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/192/Saints-Octave--Soluteur-et--Adventeur.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/" title="Permanent Link to Martyrs of Turin"><b>Martyrs of Turin</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/20-november">20 November</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/20-january">20 January</a> (translation
of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/relics">relics</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Three <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/christianity">Christian</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">martyrs</a> whose
original stories were lost, and somehow came to be associated with the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/theban-legion">Theban Legion</a>.
They are<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/saint-adventor-of-turin">Adventor</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/saint-octavius-of-turin">Octavius</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/saint-solutor-of-turin">Solutor</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/died-by-beheading">beheaded</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/time-line-297">297</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6094" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4887" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6812" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613081436/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologiojuliodiciembre.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://it.cathopedia.org/wiki/Santi_Avventore,_Ottavio_e_Solutore" target="_blank">Cathopedia</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/cult-martyrum/martiri/009.html" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/time-line-2005">2005</a> edition<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Martyrs of
Turin“. CatholicSaints.Info. 5 February 2019. Web. 19 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/">https://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-turin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Octavius, Solutor,
and Adventor</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> November 20</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php">Patron:</a> of Turin</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: ~284<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martyrs and <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php">patron saints</a> of
Turin, Italy. They were martyred in Turin, but later became associated with the
accounts of the Theban Legion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4887">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4887</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/" title="Permanent Link to Book of Saints – Octavius, Solutor and Adventor"><b>Book
of Saints – Octavius, Solutor and Adventor</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Article</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/saints">Saints</a>) <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyrs</a> (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/20-november">November
20</a>) (<a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/3rd-century">3rd
century</a>) <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patron-saints">Patron
Saints</a> of the city of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>.
They were <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patrons-of-soldiers">soldiers</a> in
the Theban Legion, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patrons-of-martyrs">massacred</a> as
being formed of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/christianity">Christians</a> by
order of Maximian Herculeus (A.D. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/time-line-297">297</a>).
Among those who succeeded in temporarily escaping were Octavius and his two
comrades. They reached <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>,
but were there seized and put to <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/patrons-of-martyrs">death</a>.
They are specially eulogised in Homilies of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/saint-ennodius-of-pavia">Ennodius
of Pavia</a> and of <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/saints">Saint</a> <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/saint-maximus-of-turin">Maximus
of Turin</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Monks of Ramsgate.
“Octavius, Solutor and Adventor”. <span class="msoIns"><ins>Book of Saints</ins></span>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/time-line-1921">1921</a>. CatholicSaints.Info.
8 April 2016. Web. 19 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/">https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Latin <b>Martyrdom of *Adventor, Octavius and
Solutor</b> (martyrs of Turin, <a href="http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=S01116">S01116</a>)
narrates the escape to northern Italy of these martyrs, from the massacre of
the Theban legion at Acaunus (Agaune); their own martyrdoms (at Turin and
Ivrea) and burial at Turin; and the building of an oratory and later a basilica
over their graves. Written presumably in Turin or Ivrea (both northern Italy),
probably in the 6th c.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martyrdom of Adventor,
Octavius and Solutor (BHL 85)<br />
<br />
Summary:<br />
<br />
Martyrs should be imitated in many respects, but after hearing their story.<br />
<br />
Adventor, Octavius and Solutor are members of the Theban Legion, and like many
others, they escape the massacre of Christians in Acaunus to be martyred in
other regions. They flee to Turin, where the persecutors reach them and kill
them by the sword on the other side of the river Dora Riparia close to the
walls of the city.<br />
<br />
People say, however, that Solutor, who was younger and faster, was only injured
and managed to escape to Ivrea. He hides in a cave of sand near Ivrea shown to
him by a little boy well known to him, but then is discovered by the
persecutors and beheaded on top of a rock close by, in a marsh near the river
Dora. Traces of his blood are still visible today. A church is nowadays built
on top of it, and every day healing and miracles occur.<br />
<br />
Juliana, a Christian matrona concealed the body of Solutor and,
pretending to be pleased by the killing, welcomes the killers into her house,
providing them with food and drink. She learns from them about the death of
Octavius and Adventor and offers them more wine until they fall asleep.<br />
<br />
Then, she brings the body of Solutor to Turin at night. With God’s help, she
crosses all the rivers between Ivrea and Turin with her chariot and finds the
bodies of Adventor and Octavius. Following God’s command she buries the three
martyrs in an oratory at the other side of the city and prepares her own burial
close to them. The holy bishop of Turin Victor then built there a great
basilica with an atrium.<br />
<br />
Every year, at the martyrs' feast, people come from all provinces to share the
benefits offered by the martyrs. The saints Adventor, Octavius and Solutor were
martyred in Turin on the 13th day before the Calends of February [= 20 January]
under the emperor Maximian. We should pray God that celebrating the feast of
the martyrs, and through their intercession, we shall merit a place of mercy in
heaven and be forgiven.<br />
Text: Zaccaria-Carminati 1844, 184-190 (without paragraph numbers).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Summary: M. Pignot.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Record Created By<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Matthieu Pignot<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Date of Entry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">11/10/2016<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Please quote this record
referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:<br />
Matthieu Pignot, Cult of Saints, E01910 - <a href="http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01910">http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01910</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">© 2021 University of
Oxford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01910">http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01910</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Octavius of Turin"><b>Saint Octavius of Turin</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ottavio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/20-november">20
November</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.
His original story was lost, and somehow he came to be associated with
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/theban-legion">Theban
Legion</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/died-by-beheading">beheaded</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/time-line-297">297</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6094" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4887" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6812" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=35450" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613081436/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologiojuliodiciembre.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/cult-martyrum/martiri/009.html" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/time-line-2005">2005</a> edition<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/35450" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Octavius of
Turin“. CatholicSaints.Info. 17 September 2021. Web. 19 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-octavius-of-turin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Solutor of Turin"><b>Saint Solutor of Turin</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Solutore<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/20-november">20
November</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.
His original story was lost, and somehow he came to be associated with
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/theban-legion">Theban
Legion</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/died-by-beheading">beheaded</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/time-line-297">297</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6094" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4887" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6812" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=35500" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613081436/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologiojuliodiciembre.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/cult-martyrum/martiri/009.html" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/time-line-2005">2005</a> edition<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/35500" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Solutor of
Turin“. CatholicSaints.Info. 17 September 2021. Web. 19 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-solutor-of-turin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Solutor</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> November 20</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php">Patron:</a> of Turin</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: ~284<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Adventor, Octavious,
martyred in Turin, our unit was the Theban Legion. We retreated from Agaumum,
Switzerland, Adventor, and Octavius, were caught and beheaded. I, Solutor,
escaped, and was finally captured near Ivrea, and beheaded. 20 Nov.(20 Jan
moving of relics).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6812">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6812</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/" title="Permanent Link to Saint Adventor of Turin"><b>Saint Adventor of Turin</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Also
known as</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Avventore<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/feasts">Memorial</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/20-november">20
November</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Profile</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Martyr</a>.
His original story was lost, and somehow he came to be associated with
the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/theban-legion">Theban
Legion</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-martyrs">Died</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/died-by-beheading">beheaded</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/time-line-297">297</a> in <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/canonization">Canonized</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patron-saints">Patronage</a></ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-turin-italy">Turin</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-italy">Italy</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>Additional
Information</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/book-of-saints-octavius-solutor-and-adventor">Book
of Saints</a>, by the <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/patrons-of-monks">Monks</a> of
Ramsgate<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>books</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1612787169?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=1612787169&linkCode=xm2&tag=saisqpcom-20" target="_blank">Our Sunday Visitor’s Encyclopedia of Saints</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>other
sites in english</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6094" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4887" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6812" target="_blank">Catholic
Online</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>images</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/immagini/?mode=album&album=35400" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>sitios
en español</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613081436/http:/www.diocesisdecanarias.es/downloads/santosmartirologiojuliodiciembre.pdf" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/time-line-2001">2001</a> edición<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>fonti
in italiano</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/cult-martyrum/martiri/009.html" target="_blank">Martirologio Romano</a>, <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/time-line-2005">2005</a> edition<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/35400" target="_blank">Santi e Beati</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="msoIns"><ins>MLA
Citation</ins></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Saint Adventor of
Turin“. CatholicSaints.Info. 17 September 2021. Web. 19 November 2023.
<https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/">https://catholicsaints.info/saint-adventor-of-turin/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>St. Adventor</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/">Feastday:</a> November 20</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php">Patron:</a> of Turin</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Death: ~284<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Solutor, Octavious.
Martyred in Turin; our Roman Army unit was the Theban legion. We retreated from
Agaumum, Switzerland, Adventor, and Octavius, were caught and beheaded. I,
Solutor, escaped, and was finally captured near Ivrea, and beheaded. 20 Nov. 20
Jan. moving of relics.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6094">https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=6094</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>Sant' Ottavio </b>Martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/11/20" style="font-size: 12pt;">20 novembre</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>San Solutore</b> Martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/11/20">20 novembre</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Sant' Avventore </b>Martire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/11/20">20 novembre</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">† Torino, fine III secolo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«A Torino si festeggiano
i santi martiri Ottavio, Solutore e Avventore, soldati della legione Tebana, i
quali, sotto l'imperatore Massimiano, combattendo valorosamente, furono
coronati dal martirio». Così il Martirologio romano racconta la storia di
questi tre martiri della fine del II secolo. Il riferimento al «valoroso
combattimento» si riferisce evidentemente alla loro determinazione nel
dichiararsi cristiani nonostante la persecuzione instaurata da Massimiano. Dei
tre santi una «Passione» del V secolo narra che essi fuggirono al massacro generale
di Agaunum. Inseguiti, furono presi nei pressi di Torino: Avventore e Ottavio,
raggiunti, vennero trucidati sul posto. Solutore, invece, riuscì a proseguire
nella fuga fino alle rive della Dora Riparia, dove, scoperto, fu decapitato.
Nel luogo della sepoltura dei tre nel V secolo sorse una basilica. Nel 1575 fu
innalzata la «Chiesa dei martiri», che ne ospita ancor oggi le reliquie.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Emblema: Palma<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Martirologio
Romano: A Torino, santi Ottavio, Solutore e Avventore, martiri.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Santi OTTAVIO, SOLUTORE e
AVVENTORE, Martiri<br />
<br />
Assolutamente nulla di certo è stato tramandato su questi gloriosi martiri ed
il loro ricordo sarebbe andato di certo perduto se il primo vescovo di Torino,
San Massimo, nel IV secolo non avesse citato i loro nomi nel titolo di uno dei
suoi sermoni. E’ singolare poi il fatto che nel testo egli narri la vicenda di
questi eroici testimoni della fede cristiana senza alcun preciso riferimento
geografico o temporale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Da tale testo parrebbe di poter desumere che essi fossero cittadini torinesi,
oppure primi missionari inviati ad evangelizzare la città. Una “passio”
risalente al V secolo, storicamente non attendibile, azzardò però l’ipotesi che
essi potessero alcuni soldati appartenenti alla folta schiera della leggendaria
Legione Tebea. San Maurizio, capitano, ed i suoi compagni, esercito proveniente
dall’Egitto e rifiutatisi di trucidare altri cristiani e sacerificare agli dei
pagani, subirono il martirio in Svizzera presso Agaunum, ma ben presto iniziaro
a sorgere voci su alcuni soldati scampati all’eccidio e divenuti
evangelizzatori delle zone limitrofe sui vari versanti delle Alpi. Si
spiegherebbe in tal modo l’arrivo a Torino dei tre santi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Raggiunti però dai soldati fedeli all’imperatore, Avventore ed Ottavio
sarebbero stati uccisi nei pressi della Dora Baltea, mentre Solutore sarebbe
riuscito a fuggire nel Canavese, ma infine scoperto in una cava di sabbia sulle
rive della Dora Baltea nei pressi di Caravino e decapitato su un sasso che ne
conserverò le tracce vermiglie del suo sangue. Una matrona romana di Ivrea,
impietosita, ne raccolse il corpo e con la sua quadriga lo trasportò a Torino,
ove raccolse i resti degli altri due martiri, e diede loro comune sepoltura in
una cappella fatta appositamente costruire nei pressi dell’odierna Cittadella di
Pietro Micca. Alla sua morte anch’essa vi fu sepolta Tutto ciò avvenne verso la
fine del III secolo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il vescovo Vittore fece ingrandire la chiesa verso il 490, finché nel 1006 vi
si aggiunse anche un monastero benedettino, intitolato a San Solutore e e fondato
dal vescovo Gezone, dipendente dalla celebra Sacra di San Michele sita in Val
di Susa.Le reliquie dei tre martiri, insieme a quelle di Santa Giuliana e di
San Gozzelino, secondo abate, nel 1536 furono trasferite nel santuario torinese
della Consolata, quando il re francese Francesco I ordinò di abbattere l’antico
monastero. Infine nel 1619 i sacri resti vennero traslati nella nuova chiesa
dei Santi Martiri nell’odierna Via Garibaldi, appositamente edificata
conformemente ai desideri del pontefice piemontese San Pio V e del duca sabaudo
Emanuele Filiberto. Qui i cinque santi sono ancor oggi oggetto di venerazione,
insieme con il martire romano San Tigrino, traslato dalle catacombe romane.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ai fini dell’identificazione dell’esatta ubicazione del luogo del martirio dei
Santi Avventore ed Ottavio, si rivelò l’apparizione della Madonna a San
Giovanni Bosco nel 1845, che indicò al sacerdote torinese un preciso luogo in
località Valdocco (nome che forse significherebbe etimologicamente “valle degli
uccisi”), sul quale venne eretta la Basicila di Maria Ausiliatrice. Nella
cripta una quadro rafigura la decapitazione dei due santi e la fuga di Solutore
verso il Canavese. Un’altare è inoltre dedicato ai tre martiri nel coro della
chiesa e le loro statue campeggiano sulla facciata della basilica. Nella cripta
in una pala d’altare è raffigurata anche la matrona Giuliana fra altre sante
vergini. Nella chiesa torinese di Santa Barbara, edificata nei pressi
dell’antico monastero benedettino, sono ancor oggi venerati i Santi Solutore,
Avventore, Ottavio, Giuliana e Gozzelino.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Quanto al culto liturgico oggi tributato ai protomartiri torinesi, il
Martyrologium Romanum, calendario ufficiale della Chiesa universale, li
commemora al 20 novembre, nell’anniversario della morte, mentre l’archidiocesi
di Torino celebra la loro memoria al 20 gennaio, anniversario della
traslazione. In diocesi di Ivrea, invece, è particolarmente vivo il ricordo di
San Solutore, il culto locale è celebrato nella medesima data presso Baio Dora,
Borgofranco, Caravino, Romano Canavese e Strambino, nonchè ad Issogne in Valle
d’Aosta.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Antichi Codici del Comune di Torino raffigurato i tre santi martiri, antichi
protettori della città, che come è desumibile nella vasta iconografia che li
riguarda sono soliti portare tutte le insegne dei martiri e dei soldati tebei.<br />
<br />
DAL SERMONE 12 DI SAN MASSIMO DI TORINO:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
“De passione vel natale sanctorum id est Octavi, Adventi et Solutoris Taurinis”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Mentre, o fratelli, dobbiamo celebrare con grande devozione il natale di tutti
i santi martiri, dobbiamo tuttavia con maggior venerazione curare la solennità
di quelli che hanno sparso il loro sangue tra le nostre case. Perché, se
certamente tutti i santi sono ovunque presenti e a tutti giovano, quelli però
che hanno sofferto il supplizio per noi sono per noi speciali intercessori.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Il martire infatti non soffre soltanto per sé, ma anche per i concittadini. Con
il suo patire vince per sé il premio, ai concittadini offre l’esempio; per sé
ottiene il riposo, per i concittadini la salvezza. Dal loro esempio imparammo a
cercare la vita eterna nelle umiliazioni, imparammo a non temere la morte.
Vedete dunque che cosa dobbiamo ai martiri! Ecco: l’uno è tormentato perché
l’altro venga salvato, l’uno l’uno sopporta il carnefice perché l’altro
riconosca Cristo; l’uno è mandato a morte perché l’altro guadagni la vita
eterna.; insomma, il santo è ucciso perché il peccatore venga liberato! I beati
martiridunque né per sé son vissuti, né per sé son morti. Poiché a noi hanno
lasciato un esempio di vita con la loro bontà e di fortezza con la loro
passione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Perciò il Signore ha voluto che in diversi luoghi per tutto il mondo ci fossero
dei martiri che, quali fidati testimoni ancora in certo modo presenti, ci
spronassero con l’esempio della loro professione di fede; e così l’umana
debolezza, lenta a credere alla predicazione del Signore che è lontana nel
tempo, creda almeno alla testimonianza presente dei beati martiri.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Tutti i martiri si devono dunque venerare devotamente, ma una particolare
venerazione dobbiamo tributare a quei martiri dei quali possediamo le reliquie.
Tutti ci soccorrono con la preghiera, questi anche con il martirio. Con questi
godiamo di una certa familiarità perché sono sempre con noi, dimorano in mezzo
a noi, ci custodiscono da vivi perché non ci colga la lebbra del peccato, ci
accolgonomorenti perché non ci sommerga il terrore dell’inferno.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Anche per questo i nostri antenati hanno provveduto che le nostre sepolture
siano contigue a quelle dei martiri, perché l’inferno, che di loro ha timore, a
noi non si accosti, perché noi non colgano le tenebre mentre su di loro è la
luce del Cristo. Così dunque, riposando insiemeai santi martiri, sfuggiamo alle
tenebre dell’inferno se non per i meriti nostri, almeno per la vicinanza della
santità loro. [...]</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Pertanto, o fratelli, veneriamo i nostri martiri in questo mondo, onde poterli
avere come difensori nell’altro: in nulla infatti potremo venire separati da
loro, se staremo spiritualmente vicini ad essi nella pietà, così come le loro
ossa sono materialmente presenti tra di noi.<br />
<br /><b>
PREGHIERA</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Solutore, Avventore e Ottavio,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Voi che siete stati i più antichi protettori di Torino, impetrateci una filiale
devozione alla Madonna, celebrata nei soavissimi e gloriosi titoli di Consolata
e Ausiliatrice (Voi stessi ce li avete delicatamente forniti nella Vostra
vigile protezione sulla Città e sulla sua espansione) e, insieme, allo Sposo
della Vergine San Giuseppe Lavoratore.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Allora l’anima, sul Vostro esempio, sarà retta e schiva di ogni macchia, e,
nella perenne pace e gioia del cuore, noi saremo rotti alla fatica, al
sacrificio, alla responsabilità e alla dedizione.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Solutore, Avventore e Ottavio,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
martiri torinesi, che nel corso di tanti secoli siete stati esaltati da Dio
come taumaturghi a favore della Vostra Città e dei concittadini a Voi devoti,
esaudite ora le aspirazioni e le suppliche di noi, pure Vostri concittadini o
di nascita o di domocilio o di lavoro o di adozione, che continuiamo ad
invocarVi martiri torinesi, protettori e taumaturghi. Amen.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Gloria al Padre...</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Autore: Fabio Arduino<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/35400">https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/35400</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>S. Ottavio e il suo
martirio </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Con i santi Avventore e
Solutore, Ottavio è un santo martire, patrono di Torino.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
S. Massimo, vescovo di Torino (+ 423c.) invitava i suoi fedeli a celebrare con
devozione il natale (= giorno della morte) di tutti i martiri, ma in modo
speciale di questi tre, dei quali possedevano anche le reliquie.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
L’imperatore del tempo era Diocleziano, molto superstizioso, che obbligava i
cristiani (soprattutto militari) a fare sacrifici alle divinità pagane.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
I tre martiri sarebbero stati soldati della famosa legione Tebea (originaria
dell’Oriente) , che durante il massacro presso Agauno riuscirono a fuggire.
Inseguiti, Avventore e Ottavio furono raggiunti a Torino e colà trucidati.
Solutore continuò a fuggire, ma ugualmente raggiunto fu decapitato (300-305c.).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Torino tributò in ogni tempo grande venerazione ai tre martiri, per i quali è
stata eretta, con vicende alterne, una basilica a loro dedicata e denominata
“dei santi Martiri”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
I segni del martire: la spada, l’armatura, la corona del martirio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>AVVENTORE, OTTAVIO e
SOLUTORE</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">santi, martiri di Torino.
S. Massimo, vescovo di Torino (+ 423 ca.), invitando i suoi diocesani a
celebrare con viva devozione il natale di tutti i inartiri, li esorta ad
onorare con eccezionale solennità la festa di coloro « qui in nostris
domiciliis proprium sanguinem profuderunt ». </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
E soggiunge: « Cuncti igitur martyres devotissime percolendi sunt, sed
specialiter ii venerandi sunt a nobis, quorum reliquias possídemus ».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Chi fossero questi martiri torinesi il santo vescovo non dice, ma Ennodio di
Pavia (+521), nel suo viaggio da Pavia a Briancon, compiuto nell’ultimo
decennio del sec. V. scrive di aver visitato lungo il cammino le basiliche dei
martiri seguenti:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Limina sanctorum praestat lustrasse trementem,<br />
martyribus lacrimas exibuisse meas.<br />
Ecce, Saturninus, Crispinus, Daria, Maurus,<br />
Eusebius, Quintus, gaudia magna parant.<br />
Octavi meritis da, Adventor, redde, Solutor,<br />
candida ne pullis vita cadat maculis.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Se è difficile
l’identificazione dei martiri ricordati nel secondo distico, possiamo invece
sicuramente vedere in quelli del terzo distico i martiri torinesi a cui si
riferiva a. Massimo E ciò grazie al Martirologio Geronimiano che, agli inizi
del sec. VI, reca al 20 nov. : « Taurinis civitate, sanctorum Octavi,
Solutoris, Adventoris ». Una passoi (BHL, I, p. 16, n. 85) non anteriore alla
metà del V. sec., dipendente da quella di S. Maurizio di Agaune scritta tra il
432 e il 450, cerca di completare a suo modo ciò che, sulla storia dei tre
martiri, non dicono né Massimo, né Ennodio. né il Geronimiano. Secondo la
passio i tre martiri sarebbero stati soldati della famosa legione Tebea, che
durante il massacro di Agaune riuscirono a fuggire. Inseguiti, Avventore e
Ottavio furono raggiunti a Torino e colà trucidati; Solutore, più giovane e più
agile, continuò a fuggire. benché ferito, e si nascose in una cava di sabbia.
Scoperto a sua volta, fu decapitato sulle rive della Dora Riparia, in mezzo ad
una palude che si prosciugò miracolosamente. Una matrona cristiana, Giuliana,
raccolse i corpi dei martiri e li seppellì nei pressi di Toríno, costruendo sul
sepolcro una cellula oratoria, convertita poi in basilica con atrio dal vescovo
Vittore, di cui si sa soltanto che viveva nel 494.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Perché lo scrittore della passio abbia collegato i tre martiri con la legione
Tebea non risulta in alcun modo. E’ molto probabile che, seguendo l’uso
corrente tra gli agiografi piemontesi del suo tempo, abbia riallacciato alla
legione Tebea tutti i martiri di cui non si conosceva più con esattezza la
storia. Nel sec. X comparve una nuova redazione della passio, attribuita al
vescovo Guglielmo (BHL, 1, p. 16, n. 86). Il Martirologio Geronimiano commemora
i tre santi al 20 nov.: al 15 marzo figurano un Ottavio e un Solutore,
interpolati in una schiera di martiri africani, che dovrebbero essere
identificati con due dei nostri martiri. Anche il Martirologio Romano li
ricorda il 20 nov.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Torino tributò in ogni tempo grande venerazione ai tre santi. Nel 1006 l’antica
basilica eretta sul loro sepolcro fu rinnovata ed incorporata in un monastero
benedettino costruito dal vescovo Gezone e da lui intitolato a san Solutore. Ne
fu primo abate un certo Romano, al quale successe Goslino (o Goselino), morto
nel 1061 in fama di santità (v.). Le reliquie dei tre martiri riposarono in S.
Solutore insieme con quelle della matrona Giuliana, venerata come santa, e di
san Goslino, abate fino al 1536. In quell’anno i francesi che occupavano Torino
ordinarono la demolizione del monastero e della chiesa, distruggendo nello
stesso tempo quattro sobborghi e altre undici chiese. I corpi dei santi furono
perciò trasferiti all’interno della città nel priorato di S.Andrea e
provvisoriamente collocati nella cappella della Consolata. Nel 1568, Vincenzo,
perpetuo commendatario dell’abbazia di s.Solutore, col permesso del papa s.Pio
V, donava ai Gesuiti tutti i beni già appartenuti al distrutto monastero a
condizione che erigessero in onore dei tre santi martiri un tempio, nel quale
fossero trasferiti i loro corpi. Costruito il tempio, il 19 gennaio 1575, con
il consenso di Gregorio XIII, fu fatta la solenne traslazione delle reliquie
racchiuse in quattro arche di noce rivestite di bronzo dorato. Alle solenni
funzioni della reposizione delle reliquie intervennero il duca Emanuele
Filiberto, l’episcopato piemontese, il patriziato e gran folla di fedeli. Achille
Gagliardi, primo rettore della chiesa, stese una relazione del memorabile
avvenimento. La chiesa esiste tuttora e i martiri vi sono venerati con immutata
devozione.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Benedetto Cignitti,
colonne 663-667 in Bibl.Sanctorum<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e un dare senza fine. Ma
la condivisione è dono di sé, non di cose. Sapendo che ognuno ha bisogno degli
altri".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibliografia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Biblìotheca Sanctorum</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Roma, Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Università Lateranense</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Vol.I s.v. AVVENTORE,OTTAVIO e SOLUTORE</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Iconografia:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Di Ottavio abbiamo anche una pregevole tela del Lanfranco nella chiesa della
Steccata a Parma, in cui il Santo è raffigurato nell’estasi della morte.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
v. D.CAVALIERE, G.Lanfranco a Parma, in “Aurea Parma” , 9 (1931)219</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
v. G.CAPERTINI, Un dipinto sconosciuto di G..Lanfranco, Reggio Emilia, 1925</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
dal “Codice della catena” manoscritto degli Statuti comunali di Torino del 1360</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
da Torino. I percorsi della religiosìtà, a cura di Andreina Griseri e Rosanna
Roccia, Torino, Archívio Storico della C i t tà, 1998:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
pag.106, Antonio Parentesi (attr. a) , Santo della Legione Tebea
(Sant’Ottavio?), Torino,Convento della Basilica di Superga, D.C.303</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
pag.398 Domenico Piola e Giorgio Tasnière, Santi Martiri… incisione ìn rame,
1693, poi riprodotta</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
pag.399 Felice Cervetti e Gìovanni Antonio Belmond, Santi Martiri… incisione
1740</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
da I Santi Martìri. Una chiesa nella storia di Torino, a cura di Bruno
Signorelli, Torino, Compagnia di san Paolo, 2000: p.21 Martirio di s.Ottavio.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">CASA SANTI MARTIRI</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
DELLA COMPAGNIA DI GESU’</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
VIA BARBAROUX, 30 10122 TORINO</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
TEL. (011) 562.25.81 562.94.08 FAX (011) 533.888<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="http://www.parrocchie.it/modugno/ottavio/santottavio.htm">http://www.parrocchie.it/modugno/ottavio/santottavio.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Chiesa_Parrocchiale_dei_Santi_Solutore%2C_Avventore_e_Ottavio_in_Sangano%2C_Italy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Chiesa_Parrocchiale_dei_Santi_Solutore%2C_Avventore_e_Ottavio_in_Sangano%2C_Italy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">La chiesa
dei Santi Solutore, Avventore e Ottavio è la <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_parrocchiale" title="Chiesa parrocchiale">parrocchiale</a> di <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangano" title="Sangano">Sangano</a>,
in <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Torino" title="Città metropolitana di Torino">città metropolitana</a> e <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcidiocesi_di_Torino" title="Arcidiocesi di Torino">arcidiocesi di Torino</a><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_dei_Santi_Solutore,_Avventore_e_Ottavio#cite_note-ci-2">[2]</a><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_dei_Santi_Solutore,_Avventore_e_Ottavio#cite_note-3">[3]</a>;
fa parte del <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrocchie_dell%27arcidiocesi_di_Torino#Distretto_pastorale_Torino_Ovest" title="Parrocchie dell'arcidiocesi di Torino">distretto pastorale Torino Ovest</a><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_dei_Santi_Solutore,_Avventore_e_Ottavio#cite_note-4">[4]</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>CHIESA DEI SANTI MARTIRI
SOLUTORE, AVVENTORE E OTTAVIO</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Diocesi di Torino (
sec. XVI )<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Via Garibaldi,25 Torino<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dopo un trentennio di
occupazioni militari, nel 1563, Torino diventa sede ducale di Emanuele
Filiberto. Se la Cittadella (1564-1566) costituisce la prima difesa militare
della nuova città-capitale del ducato, possiamo dire che la chiesa dei Ss.
Martiri (affidata alla Compagnia del Gesù) rappresenti la difesa
dell'ortodossia religiosa durante l'età della Riforma cattolica. I Gesuiti
infatti vengono chiamati a Torino per esercitare il loro ministero educativo
già nel 1566, per iniziativa della Venerabile Compagnia della Fede Cattolica,
istituzione che diventerà la Compagnia di San Paolo. Nel 1574 entrano in
possesso di parte dell'isolato di San Paolo sulla via Dora Grossa, principale
asse viario di Torino (attuale via Garibaldi), sede della parrocchia di S.
Stefano e delle case del Seminario diocesano.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Estremamente significativa la dedicazione ai più antichi protettori di Torino,
i Santi Martiri Solutore, Avventore e Ottavio: già venerati durante l'età del
vescovo San Massimo (fine IV sec.), che sono ricordati come legionari romani
trucidati durante persecuzioni. Il cantiere era stato avviato già nel 1577. Il
progetto, tradizionalmente attribuito a Pellegrino Tibaldi, è in realtà frutto
di un processo complesso di scelte architettoniche, religiose e politiche, ma
nelle linee generali assume i caratteri del manierismo controriformista
adottato dai Gesuiti alla fine del Cinquecento. All'interno da segnalare
l'altare maggiore su disegno di Filippo Juvarra. La volta già affrescata da
Andrea Pozzo e ridipinta nell'Ottocento da Luigi Vacca e Francesco Gonin.
Notevolissima la pala d'altare del pittore delle corti Gregorio Guglielmi, realizzata fra il 1765 ed il 1766..<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nella cappella a destra
del presbiterio si trova la pala, attribuita a Giuseppe Maria Viani, di San
Francesco Saverio con sant'Ottavio, il beato Luigi Gonzaga, san Carlo Borromeo
e santa Brigida; sulla volta interviene nel 1678 Andrea Pozzo, decoratore dei
più importanti edifici gesuiti, con il Trionfo di Sant’ Ignazio (di cui oggi sono
superstiti solo gli angeli accanto all'organo e lo stemma della reggente
sull'arcone del presbiterio).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Nella cappella a sinistra del presbiterio, è sito l’altare dedicato a
Sant’Ignazio (progetto attribuito ad Andrea Pozzo), con pala di Sebastiano Taricco
(1690 circa). Dopo il 1706 l'area absidale viene radicalmente ristrutturata su
progetto di Carlo Giulio Quadro, costruendo un coro più profondo, la cupola e
il campanile; Filippo Juvarra interviene con il nuovo altare maggiore e nella
nuova sacrestia con l'altare della Gloria di S. Ignazio e il lavabo (posti in
opera nel 1733-34). Bernardo Antonio Vittone cura invece la nuova
pavimentazione marmorea del presbiterio ed il restauro della facciata
(1768-1770), in cui vengono inserite la statua della Vergine di Ignazio Perucca
ed i bassorilievi di Giovan Battista Bernero raffiguranti i Santi Martiri della
città di Torino e i santi gesuiti. Degli anni Settanta del Settecento è anche
la pala di Gregorio Guglielmi dietro l'altare maggiore, raffigurante i Santi
Martiri e la Vergine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">SOURCE : <a href="https://www.cittaecattedrali.it/it/bces/63-chiesa-dei-santi-martiri-solutore-avventore-e-ottavio">https://www.cittaecattedrali.it/it/bces/63-chiesa-dei-santi-martiri-solutore-avventore-e-ottavio</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voir aussi </b>: <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15092d.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15092d.htm</a></span></p>har14395http://www.blogger.com/profile/13234686114863184337noreply@blogger.com